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The country served as a buffer between the British and Russian Empires until it won independence from notional British control in 1919. A brief experiment in increased democracy ended in a 1973 coup and a 1978 communist countercoup. The Soviet Union invaded in 1979 to support the tottering Afghan communist regime, touching off a long and destructive war. Internationally supported anti-communist mujahidin rebels forced the USSR to withdraw in 1989. A series of subsequent civil wars saw Kabul finally fall in 1996 to the Taliban, a hardline Pakistani-sponsored movement. Following the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks, a US and Allied military action toppled the Taliban for sheltering Usama BIN LADIN. | A UN-sponsored Bonn Conference in 2001 established a process for political reconstruction that included the adoption of a new constitution, a presidential election in 2004, and National Assembly elections in 2005. In 2004, Hamid KARZAI became the first democratically elected president of Afghanistan, and he was reelected in 2009. Ashraf Ghani AHMADZAI succeeded him as president in 2014 following a disputed election. The Taliban conducted an insurgency for two decades against the Afghan Government and forces from the United States and other countries. In February 2020, the US and the Taliban signed an agreement that led to the withdrawal of international forces in exchange for commitments on counterterrorism and other assurances. The Taliban took over Afghanistan on 15 August 2021. | The Taliban established an all-male interim leadership structure dominated by Pashtun clerics under the leadership of Haivatrullah AKHUNDZADA. The Taliban issued numerous edicts that constrained women's mobility, ability to study and work, and access to education beyond primary school. To date, no country has recognized the Taliban as the government of Afghanistan.", "display": "Ahmad Shah DURRANI unified the Pashtun tribes and founded Afghanistan in 1747. The country served as a buffer between the British and Russian Empires until it won independence fro…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1919 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southern Asia, north and west of Pakistan, east of Iran", "display": "Southern Asia, north and west of Pakistan, east of Iran", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Asia", "display": "Asia", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 652,230 sq km | land: 652,230 sq km | water: 0 sq km", "display": "total : 652,230 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 652230.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "0 km (landlocked)", "display": "0 km (landlocked)", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly rugged mountains; plains in north and southwest", "display": "mostly rugged mountains; plains in north and southwest", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "arid to semiarid; cold winters and hot summers", "display": "arid to semiarid; cold winters and hot summers", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Noshak 7,492 m | lowest point: Amu Darya 258 m | mean elevation: 1,884 m", "display": "highest point: Noshak 7,492 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "damaging earthquakes occur in Hindu Kush mountains; flooding; droughts", "display": "damaging earthquakes occur in Hindu Kush mountains; flooding; droughts", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "natural gas, petroleum, coal, copper, chromite, talc, barites, sulfur, lead, zinc, iron ore, salt, precious and semiprecious stones, arable land", "display": "natural gas, petroleum, coal, copper, chromite, talc, barites, sulfur, lead, zinc, iron ore, salt, precious and semiprecious stones, arable land", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "populations tend to cluster in the foothills and periphery of the rugged Hindu Kush range; smaller groups are found in many of the country's interior valleys; in general, the east is more densely settled, while the south is sparsely populated", "display": "populations tend to cluster in the foothills and periphery of the rugged Hindu Kush range; smaller groups are found in many of the country's interior valleys; in general, the east…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 49,474,805 (2025 est.) | male: 25,051,967 | female: 24,422,838", "display": "total: 49,474,805 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 49474805.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "2.86% (2025 est.)", "display": "2.86% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0286, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 26.9% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 3.34% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 26.9% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Afghan Persian or Dari (official, lingua franca) 77%, Pashto (official) 48%, Uzbeki 11%, English 6%, Turkmani 3%, Urdu 3%, Pashaie 1%, Nuristani 1%, Arabic 1%, Balochi 1%, other <1% (2020 est.) | major-language sample(s): | کتاب حقایق جهان، مرجعی ضروری برای اطلاعات اولیە (Dari) د دنیا د حقائېقو کتاب، بنیادی معلوماتو لپاره ضروری سرچینه- (Pashto) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. | note 1: percentages sum to more than 100% because many people are multilingual | note 2: Uzbeki, Turkmani, Pashaie, Nuristani, Balochi, and Pamiri are the third official languages in areas where the majority speaks them", "display": "Afghan Persian or Dari (official, lingua franca) 77%, Pashto (official) 48%, Uzbeki 11%, English 6%, Turkmani 3%, Urdu 3%, Pashaie 1%, Nuristani 1%, Arabic 1%, Balochi 1%, other <…", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Muslim 99.7% (Sunni 84.7 - 89.7%, Shia 10 - 15%), other <0.3% (2009 est.)", "display": "Muslim 99.7% (Sunni 84.7 - 89.7%, Shia 10 - 15%), other <0.3% (2009 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2009 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 54.4 years (2024 est.) | male: 52.8 years | female: 56.1 years", "display": "total population: 54.4 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 54.4, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 18.4 years (2025 est.) | male: 20 years | female: 20.1 years", "display": "total: 18.4 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "4.589 million KABUL (capital) (2023)", "display": "4.589 million KABUL (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 37.3% (2021 est.) | male: 52.1% (2021 est.) | female: 26.6% (2022 est.)", "display": "total population: 37.3% (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 11 years (2018 est.) | male: 13 years (2018 est.) | female: 8 years (2018 est.)", "display": "total: 11 years (2018 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (prior to 15 August 2021); current country name disputed | conventional short form: Afghanistan | local long form: Jamhuri-ye Islami-ye Afghanistan (prior to 15 August 2021; current country name is disputed) | local short form: Afghanistan | etymology: the name \"Afghan\" originally referred to the Pashtun people, but today it is understood to include all the country's ethnic groups; the suffix \"-stan\" means \"place of\" or \"country,\" so Afghanistan literally means the \"Land of the Afghans\"", "display": "conventional long form: Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (prior to 15 August 2021); current country name disputed", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Kabul | geographic coordinates: 34 31 N, 69 11 E | time difference: UTC+4.5 (9.5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: does not observe daylight savings time | etymology: named for the Kabul River, but the river's name is of unknown origin", "display": "name: Kabul", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "theocratic; the United States does not recognize the Taliban Government", "display": "theocratic; the United States does not recognize the Taliban Government", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "the Taliban is implementing its own interpretation of Islamic law, which is partially based on the Hanifi school of Islamic jurisprudence and have enforced strict punishments; before the Taliban takeover, Afghanistan had a mixed legal system of civil, customary, and Islamic law (2021)", "display": "the Taliban is implementing its own interpretation of Islamic law, which is partially based on the Hanifi school of Islamic jurisprudence and have enforced strict punishments; bef…", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: several previous; latest ratified in 2004, but not currently enforced by the Taliban", "display": "history: several previous; latest ratified in 2004, but not currently enforced by the Taliban", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2004 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "34 provinces ( welayat , singular - welayat ); Badakhshan, Badghis, Baghlan, Balkh, Bamyan, Daykundi, Farah, Faryab, Ghazni, Ghor, Helmand, Herat, Jowzjan, Kabul, Kandahar, Kapisa, Khost, Kunar, Kunduz, Laghman, Logar, Nangarhar, Nimroz, Nuristan, Paktika, Paktiya, Panjshir, Parwan, Samangan, Sar-e Pul, Takhar, Uruzgan, Wardak, Zabul", "display": "34 provinces ( welayat , singular - welayat ); Badakhshan, Badghis, Baghlan, Balkh, Bamyan, Daykundi, Farah, Faryab, Ghazni, Ghor, Helmand, Herat, Jowzjan, Kabul, Kandahar, Kapisa…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "Afghanistan is a member of the following organizations but Taliban representatives do not participate: ADB, CICA, CP, ECO, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OSCE (partner), SAARC, SACEP, SCO (dialogue member), UN, UNAMA, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "Afghanistan is a member of the following organizations but Taliban representatives do not participate: ADB, CICA, CP, ECO, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, I…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "low-income South Asian economy; economy stable after major contraction due to Taliban takeover, but recovery remains fragile; widespread poverty and obstacles to human development; import-reliant for food, fuel, and machinery; ongoing sanctions, suspended development aid, and frozen reserve assets", "display": "low-income South Asian economy; economy stable after major contraction due to Taliban takeover, but recovery remains fragile; widespread poverty and obstacles to human development…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$82.238 billion (2023 est.) | $80.416 billion (2022 est.) | $85.768 billion (2021 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$82.238 billion (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 82.238, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$2,000 (2023 est.) | $2,000 (2022 est.) | $2,100 (2021 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$2,000 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 2000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.3% (2023 est.) | -6.2% (2022 est.) | -20.7% (2021 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "2.3% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "-6.6% (2024 est.) | -4.6% (2023 est.) | 13.7% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "-6.6% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.066, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "13.3% (2024 est.) | 14% (2023 est.) | 14.1% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "13.3% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.133, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "small-scale production of bricks, textiles, soap, furniture, shoes, fertilizer, apparel, food products, non-alcoholic beverages, mineral water, cement; handwoven carpets; natural gas, coal, copper", "display": "small-scale production of bricks, textiles, soap, furniture, shoes, fertilizer, apparel, food products, non-alcoholic beverages, mineral water, cement; handwoven carpets; natural…", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "wheat, milk, grapes, watermelons, potatoes, cantaloupes/melons, vegetables, rice, onions, maize (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "wheat, milk, grapes, watermelons, potatoes, cantaloupes/melons, vegetables, rice, onions, maize (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "coal, grapes, tropical fruits, gum resins, other nuts (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "coal, grapes, tropical fruits, gum resins, other nuts (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "wheat flours, tobacco, palm oil, broadcasting equipment, synthetic fabric (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "wheat flours, tobacco, palm oil, broadcasting equipment, synthetic fabric (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 18% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 18% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.18, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 33,000 (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2023 est.) less than 1", "display": "total: 33,000 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 33000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 85.3% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 95.9% | electrification - rural areas: 81.7%", "display": "electrification - total population: 85.3% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 13.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 9.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 77% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 13.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "3.38 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "3.38 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "68 (2025)", "display": "68 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "limited natural freshwater resources; inadequate potable water; soil degradation; overgrazing; deforestation (cut down for fuel and building materials); desertification; air and water pollution in urban areas", "display": "limited natural freshwater resources; inadequate potable water; soil degradation; overgrazing; deforestation (cut down for fuel and building materials); desertification; air and w…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "7.757 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 930,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 6.827 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "7.757 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "65.33 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "65.33 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 203.4 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 169.5 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 20 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 203.4 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection | signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environ…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/afghanistan.json" }, { "entity_id": "akrotiri", "name": "Akrotiri", "source_code": "AX", "source_entity_class": "dependency-or-territory", "source_region": "Middle East", "roadmap_country": null, "coverage_region": null, "roadmap_status": "additional", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 38, "published_fact_count": 12, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions" ], "summary": { "population": 18195.0, "area_sq_km": 123.0, "capital": "Episkopi Cantonment (base administrative center for Akrotiri and Dhekelia)", "government_type": null, "life_expectancy_years": null, "urban_population_percent": null, "internet_users_percent": null, "electricity_access_percent": null, "gdp_per_capita_usd": null, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": null, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "By terms of the 1960 Treaty of Establishment that created the independent Republic of Cyprus, the UK retained full sovereignty and jurisdiction over two areas of almost 254 square kilometers - Akrotiri and Dhekelia. The southernmost and smaller of the two is the Akrotiri Sovereign Base Area, which is also referred to as the Western Sovereign Base Area.", "display": "By terms of the 1960 Treaty of Establishment that created the independent Republic of Cyprus, the UK retained full sovereignty and jurisdiction over two areas of almost 254 square…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1960 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Eastern Mediterranean, peninsula on the southwest coast of Cyprus", "display": "Eastern Mediterranean, peninsula on the southwest coast of Cyprus", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Middle East", "display": "Middle East", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total: 123 sq km | note: includes a salt lake and wetlands", "display": "total: 123 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 123.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "56.3 km", "display": "56.3 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters", "display": "temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "(2020) approximately 18,195 on the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia including 11,000 Cypriots and 7,195 Service and UK-based contract personnel and dependents", "display": "(2020) approximately 18,195 on the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia including 11,000 Cypriots and 7,195 Service and UK-based contract personnel and dependents", "source_field": "Population", "value": 18195.0, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "English, Greek | major-language sample(s): | Το Παγκόσμιο Βιβλίο Δεδομένων, η απαραίτητη πηγή βασικών πληροφοριών. (Greek) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "English, Greek", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: none | conventional short form: Akrotiri | etymology: named for the village that lies within the Western Sovereign Base Area on Cyprus", "display": "conventional long form: none", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Episkopi Cantonment (base administrative center for Akrotiri and Dhekelia) | geographic coordinates: 34 40 N, 32 51 E | time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October | etymology: \"Episkopi\" means \"episcopal\" in Greek and stems from the fact that the site previously served as the bishop's seat of an Orthodox diocese", "display": "name: Episkopi Cantonment (base administrative center for Akrotiri and Dhekelia)", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "laws applicable to the Cypriot population are, as far as possible, the same as the laws of the Republic of Cyprus; note - the Sovereign Base Area Administration has its own court system to deal with civil and criminal matters", "display": "laws applicable to the Cypriot population are, as far as possible, the same as the laws of the Republic of Cyprus; note - the Sovereign Base Area Administration has its own court…", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: presented 3 August 1960, effective 16 August 1960 (The Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia Order in Council 1960 serves as a basic legal document) | amendments: amended 1966", "display": "history: presented 3 August 1960, effective 16 August 1960 (The Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia Order in Council 1960 serves as a basic legal document)", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1960 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/akrotiri.json" }, { "entity_id": "albania", "name": "Albania", "source_code": "AL", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Europe", "roadmap_country": "Albania", "coverage_region": "Europe", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 149, "published_fact_count": 52, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 2551837.0, "area_sq_km": 28748.0, "capital": "Tirana (Tirane)", "government_type": "parliamentary republic", "life_expectancy_years": 79.9, "urban_population_percent": 64.6, "internet_users_percent": 83.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 18900.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "After declaring independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1912, Albania experienced a period of political upheaval that led to a short-lived monarchy, which ended in 1939 when Italy conquered the country. Germany then occupied Albania in 1943, and communist partisans took over the country in 1944. Albania allied itself first with the USSR (until 1960) and then with China (until 1978). In the early 1990s, Albania ended communist rule and established a multiparty democracy. | Government-endorsed pyramid schemes in 1997 led to economic collapse and civil disorder, which only ended when UN peacekeeping troops intervened. In 1999, some 450,000 ethnic Albanians fled from Kosovo to Albania to escape the war with the Serbs. 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soil erosion; water pollution from industrial and domestic effluents; air pollution from industrial and power plants; loss of biodiversity", "display": "deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution from industrial and domestic effluents; air pollution from industrial and power plants; loss of biodiversity", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "3.392 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 566,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 2.734 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 93,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "3.392 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "30.2 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "30.2 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 221 million cubic meters (2022) | industrial: 11 million cubic meters (2022) | agricultural: 565 million cubic meters (2022)", "display": "municipal: 221 million cubic meters (2022)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comp…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/albania.json" }, { "entity_id": "algeria", "name": "Algeria", "source_code": "DZ", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Africa", "roadmap_country": "Algeria", "coverage_region": "Africa", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 151, "published_fact_count": 52, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 47735685.0, "area_sq_km": 2381740.0, "capital": "Algiers", "government_type": "presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 77.9, "urban_population_percent": 75.3, "internet_users_percent": 77.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 15400.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Algeria has known many empires and dynasties, including the ancient Numidians (3rd century B.C.), Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Romans, Vandals, Byzantines, over a dozen different Arab and Amazigh dynasties, Spaniards, and Ottoman Turks. Under the Turks, the Barbary pirates operated from North Africa and preyed on shipping, from about 1500 until the French captured Algiers in 1830. The French southward conquest of Algeria proceeded throughout the 19th century and was marked by many atrocities. A bloody eight-year struggle culminated in Algerian independence in 1962. | Algeria's long-dominant political party, the National Liberation Front (FLN), was established in 1954 as part of the struggle for independence and has since played a large role in politics, though it is falling out of favor with the youth and current President Abdelmadjid TEBBOUNE. The Government of Algeria in 1988 instituted a multi-party system in response to public unrest, but the surprising first-round success of the Islamic Salvation Front (FIS) in the 1991 legislative election led the Algerian military to intervene and postpone the second round of elections to prevent what the secular elite feared would be an extremist-led government from assuming power. An army crackdown on the FIS escalated into an FIS insurgency and intense violence from 1992-98 that resulted in over 100,000 deaths, many of which were attributed to extremist groups massacring villagers. The government gained the upper hand by the late 1990s, and FIS’s armed wing, the Islamic Salvation Army, disbanded in 2000. FIS membership is now illegal. | In 1999, Abdelaziz BOUTEFLIKA won the presidency with the backing of the military, in an election that was boycotted by several candidates protesting alleged fraud. He won subsequent elections in 2004, 2009, and 2014. Widespread protests against his decision to seek a fifth term broke out in early 2019. BOUTEFLIKA resigned in April 2019, and in December 2019, Algerians elected former Prime Minister Abdelmadjid TEBBOUNE as the country’s new president. A longtime FLN member, TEBBOUNE ran for president as an independent. In 2020, Algeria held a constitutional referendum on governmental reforms, which TEBBOUNE enacted in 2021. Subsequent reforms to the national electoral law introduced open-list voting to curb corruption. The new law also eliminated gender quotas in Parliament, and the 2021 legislative elections saw female representation plummet. The referendum, parliamentary elections, and local elections saw record-low voter turnout.", "display": "Algeria has known many empires and dynasties, including the ancient Numidians (3rd century B.C.), Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Romans, Vandals, Byzantines, over a dozen different A…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1962 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Morocco and Tunisia", "display": "Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Morocco and Tunisia", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Africa", "display": "Africa", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 2,381,740 sq km | land: 2,381,740 sq km | water: 0 sq km", "display": "total : 2,381,740 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 2381740.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "998 km", "display": "998 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly high plateau and desert; Atlas Mountains in the far north and Hoggar Mountains in the south; narrow, discontinuous coastal plain", "display": "mostly high plateau and desert; Atlas Mountains in the far north and Hoggar Mountains in the south; narrow, discontinuous coastal plain", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "arid to semiarid; mild, wet winters with hot, dry summers along coast; drier with cold winters and hot summers on high plateau; sirocco is a hot, dust/sand-laden wind especially common in summer", "display": "arid to semiarid; mild, wet winters with hot, dry summers along coast; drier with cold winters and hot summers on high plateau; sirocco is a hot, dust/sand-laden wind especially c…", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Tahat 2,908 m | lowest point: Chott Melrhir -40 m | mean elevation: 800 m", "display": "highest point: Tahat 2,908 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mountainous areas subject to severe earthquakes; mudslides and floods in rainy season; droughts", "display": "mountainous areas subject to severe earthquakes; mudslides and floods in rainy season; droughts", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, uranium, lead, zinc", "display": "petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, uranium, lead, zinc", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "the vast majority of the populace is found in the extreme northern part of the country along the Mediterranean Coast", "display": "the vast majority of the populace is found in the extreme northern part of the country along the Mediterranean Coast", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 47,735,685 (2025 est.) | male: 24,219,668 | female: 23,516,017", "display": "total: 47,735,685 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 47735685.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.47% (2025 est.)", "display": "1.47% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0147, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 75.3% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 1.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 75.3% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Arabic (official), French (lingua franca), Tamazight (official) (dialects include Kabyle (Taqbaylit), Shawiya (Tacawit), Mzab, Tuareg (Tamahaq)) | major-language sample(s): | كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Arabic (official), French (lingua franca), Tamazight (official) (dialects include Kabyle (Taqbaylit), Shawiya (Tacawit), Mzab, Tuareg (Tamahaq))", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Muslim (official; predominantly Sunni) 99%, other (includes Christian, Jewish, Ahmadi Muslim, Shia Muslim, Ibadi Muslim) <1% (2012 est.)", "display": "Muslim (official; predominantly Sunni) 99%, other (includes Christian, Jewish, Ahmadi Muslim, Shia Muslim, Ibadi Muslim) <1% (2012 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2012 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 77.9 years (2024 est.) | male: 77.2 years | female: 78.7 years", "display": "total population: 77.9 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 77.9, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 29.3 years (2025 est.) | male: 28.8 years | female: 29.4 years", "display": "total: 29.3 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "2.902 million ALGIERS (capital), 936,000 Oran (2022)", "display": "2.902 million ALGIERS (capital), 936,000 Oran (2022)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "female: 74.2% (2019 est.)", "display": "female: 74.2% (2019 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2019 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 15 years (2023 est.) | male: 15 years (2023 est.) | female: 16 years (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 15 years (2023 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: People's Democratic Republic of Algeria | conventional short form: Algeria | local long form: Al Jumhuriyah al Jaza'iriyah ad Dimuqratiyah ash Sha'biyah | local short form: Al Jaza'ir | etymology: the country name derives from the capital city of Algiers", "display": "conventional long form: People's Democratic Republic of Algeria", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Algiers | geographic coordinates: 36 45 N, 3 03 E | time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: name derives from the Arabic al-jazair , meaning \"the islands,\" and refers to the four islands formerly off the coast of the capital but joined to the mainland since 1525", "display": "name: Algiers", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "presidential republic", "display": "presidential republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "mixed system of French civil law and Islamic law; judicial review of legislative acts in ad hoc Constitutional Council composed of various public officials including several Supreme Court justices", "display": "mixed system of French civil law and Islamic law; judicial review of legislative acts in ad hoc Constitutional Council composed of various public officials including several Supre…", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: several previous; latest approved by referendum 1 November 2020 | amendment process: proposed by the president of the republic or through the president with the support of three fourths of the members of both houses of Parliament in joint session; passage requires approval by both houses, approval by referendum, and promulgation by the president; the president can forego a referendum if the Constitutional Council determines the proposed amendment does not conflict with basic constitutional principles; articles including the republican form of government, the integrity and unity of the country, and fundamental citizens’ liberties and rights cannot be amended", "display": "history: several previous; latest approved by referendum 1 November 2020", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "58 provinces ( wilayas , singular - wilaya ); Adrar, Ain Defla, Ain Temouchent, Alger (Algiers), Annaba, Batna, Bechar, Bejaia, Beni Abbes, Biskra, Blida, Bordj Badji Mokhtar, Bordj Bou Arreridj, Bouira, Boumerdes, Chlef, Constantine, Djanet, Djelfa, El Bayadh, El Meghaier, El Meniaa, El Oued, El Tarf, Ghardaia, Guelma, Illizi, In Guezzam, In Salah, Jijel, Khenchela, Laghouat, Mascara, Medea, Mila, Mostaganem, M'Sila, Naama, Oran, Ouargla, Ouled Djellal, Oum el Bouaghi, Relizane, Saida, Setif, Sidi Bel Abbes, Skikda, Souk Ahras, Tamanrasset, Tebessa, Tiaret, Timimoun, Tindouf, Tipaza, Tissemsilt, Tizi Ouzou, Tlemcen, Touggourt", "display": "58 provinces ( wilayas , singular - wilaya ); Adrar, Ain Defla, Ain Temouchent, Alger (Algiers), Annaba, Batna, Bechar, Bejaia, Beni Abbes, Biskra, Blida, Bordj Badji Mokhtar, Bor…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AMU, AU, BIS, CAEU, CD, FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OAPEC, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OPEC, OSCE (partner), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)", "display": "ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AMU, AU, BIS, CAEU, CD, FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, In…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "suffering oil and gas economy; lack of sector and market diversification; political instability chilling domestic consumption; poor credit access and declines in business confidence; COVID-19 austerity policies; delayed promised socio-economic reforms", "display": "suffering oil and gas economy; lack of sector and market diversification; political instability chilling domestic consumption; poor credit access and declines in business confiden…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$722.912 billion (2024 est.) | $699.818 billion (2023 est.) | $672.256 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$722.912 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 722.912, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$15,400 (2024 est.) | $15,200 (2023 est.) | $14,800 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$15,400 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 15400.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3.3% (2024 est.) | 4.1% (2023 est.) | 3.6% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "3.3% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "4% (2024 est.) | 9.3% (2023 est.) | 9.3% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "4% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.04, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "11.5% (2024 est.) | 11.8% (2023 est.) | 12.4% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "11.5% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.115, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "petroleum, natural gas, light industries, mining, electrical, petrochemical, food processing", "display": "petroleum, natural gas, light industries, mining, electrical, petrochemical, food processing", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "potatoes, watermelons, wheat, milk, onions, tomatoes, vegetables, oranges, dates, barley (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "potatoes, watermelons, wheat, milk, onions, tomatoes, vegetables, oranges, dates, barley (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "natural gas, crude petroleum, refined petroleum, fertilizers, iron bars (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "natural gas, crude petroleum, refined petroleum, fertilizers, iron bars (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "wheat, plastics, cars, milk, corn (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "wheat, plastics, cars, milk, corn (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 77% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 77% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.77, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 5.54 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 12 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 5.54 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 5540000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 100% | electrification - rural areas: 99.3%", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 98.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 0.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 0.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 98.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "61.843 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "61.843 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "95 (2025)", "display": "95 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 17 (2024) | large: 2 | medium: 1 | small: 6 | very small: 8 | ports with oil terminals: 3 | key ports: Alger, Annaba, Arzew, Arzew El Djedid, Bejaia, Mers El Kebir, Oran, Port Methanier, Skikda", "display": "total ports: 17 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 4,020 km (2019)", "display": "total: 4,020 km (2019)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2019 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 119 (2022) | by type: bulk carrier 1, container ship 4, general cargo 11, oil tanker 14, other 89", "display": "total: 119 (2022)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "air pollution in major cities; soil erosion from overgrazing and other poor farming practices; desertification; river and coastal pollution from dumping of raw sewage, petroleum refining wastes, and other industrial effluents; pollution in Mediterranean Sea from oil wastes, soil erosion, and fertilizer runoff; inadequate potable water", "display": "air pollution in major cities; soil erosion from overgrazing and other poor farming practices; desertification; river and coastal pollution from dumping of raw sewage, petroleum r…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "163.661 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 741,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 57.795 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 105.125 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "163.661 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "11.667 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "11.667 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 3.389 billion cubic meters (2022) | industrial: 181 million cubic meters (2022) | agricultural: 7.391 billion cubic meters (2022)", "display": "municipal: 3.389 billion cubic meters (2022)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: Nuclear Test Ban", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environ…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/algeria.json" }, { "entity_id": "american-samoa", "name": "American Samoa", "source_code": "AS", "source_entity_class": "dependency-or-territory", "source_region": "Oceania", "roadmap_country": null, "coverage_region": null, "roadmap_status": "additional", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 93, "published_fact_count": 39, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 43268.0, "area_sq_km": 224.0, "capital": "Pago Pago", "government_type": "unincorporated, unorganized Territory of the US with local self-government; republican form of territorial government with separate executive, legislative, and judicial branches", "life_expectancy_years": 75.8, "urban_population_percent": 87.2, "internet_users_percent": 40.3, "electricity_access_percent": null, "gdp_per_capita_usd": null, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": null, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Tutuila -- the largest island in American Samoa -- was settled by 1000 B.C., and the island served as a refuge for exiled chiefs and defeated warriors from the other Samoan islands. The Manu’a Islands, which are also now part of American Samoa, developed a traditional chiefdom that maintained autonomy by controlling oceanic trade. In 1722, Dutch explorer Jacob ROGGEVEEN was the first European to sail through the Manu’a Islands, and he was followed by French explorer Louis Antoine DE BOUGAINVILLE in 1768. Whalers and missionaries arrived in American Samoa in the 1830s, but American and European traders tended to favor the port in Apia -- now in independent Samoa -- over the smaller and less-developed Pago Pago on Tutuila. In the mid-1800s, a dispute arose in Samoa over control of the Samoan archipelago, with different chiefs gaining support from Germany, the UK, and the US. In 1872, the high chief of Tutuila offered the US exclusive rights to Pago Pago in return for US protection, but the US rejected this offer. As fighting resumed, the US agreed to the chief’s request in 1878 and set up a coaling station at Pago Pago. In 1899, with continued disputes over succession, Germany and the US agreed to divide the Samoan islands, while the UK withdrew its claims in exchange for parts of the Solomon Islands. Local chiefs on Tutuila formally ceded their land to the US in 1900, followed by the chief of Manu’a in 1904. The territory was officially named “American Samoa” in 1911. | The US administered the territory through the Department of the Navy. In 1949, there was an attempt to organize the territory, granting it formal self-government, but local chiefs helped defeat the measure in the US Congress. Administration was transferred to the Department of the Interior in 1951, and in 1967, American Samoa adopted a constitution that provides significant protections for traditional Samoan land-tenure rules, language, and culture. In 1977, after four attempts, voters approved a measure to directly elect their governor. Nevertheless, American Samoa officially remains an unorganized territory, and people born in American Samoa are US nationals rather than US citizens.", "display": "Tutuila -- the largest island in American Samoa -- was settled by 1000 B.C., and the island served as a refuge for exiled chiefs and defeated warriors from the other Samoan island…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1900 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about halfway between Hawaii and New Zealand", "display": "Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about halfway between Hawaii and New Zealand", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Oceania", "display": "Oceania", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 224 sq km | land: 224 sq km | water: 0 sq km | note: includes Rose Atoll and Swains Island", "display": "total : 224 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 224.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "116 km", "display": "116 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "five volcanic islands with rugged peaks and limited coastal plains, two coral atolls (Rose Atoll, Swains Island)", "display": "five volcanic islands with rugged peaks and limited coastal plains, two coral atolls (Rose Atoll, Swains Island)", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical marine, moderated by southeast trade winds; annual rainfall averages about 3 m; rainy season (November to April), dry season (May to October); little seasonal temperature variation", "display": "tropical marine, moderated by southeast trade winds; annual rainfall averages about 3 m; rainy season (November to April), dry season (May to October); little seasonal temperature…", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Lata Mountain 964 m | lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m", "display": "highest point: Lata Mountain 964 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "cyclones common from December to March | volcanism: limited volcanic activity on the Ofu and Olosega Islands; neither has erupted since the 19th century", "display": "cyclones common from December to March", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "pumice, pumicite", "display": "pumice, pumicite", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 43,268 (2025 est.) | male: 21,478 | female: 21,790", "display": "total: 43,268 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 43268.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "-1.33% (2025 est.)", "display": "-1.33% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": -0.013300000000000001, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 87.2% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.26% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 87.2% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Samoan 87.9% (closely related to Hawaiian and other Polynesian languages), English 3.3%, Tongan 2.1%, other Pacific Islander 4.1%, Asian languages 2.1%, other 0.5% (2020 est.) | note: most people are bilingual", "display": "Samoan 87.9% (closely related to Hawaiian and other Polynesian languages), English 3.3%, Tongan 2.1%, other Pacific Islander 4.1%, Asian languages 2.1%, other 0.5% (2020 est.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Christian 98.3%, other <1%, unaffiliated <1% (2020 est.)", "display": "Christian 98.3%, other <1%, unaffiliated <1% (2020 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 75.8 years (2024 est.) | male: 73.4 years | female: 78.5 years", "display": "total population: 75.8 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 75.8, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 30.6 years (2025 est.) | male: 29.4 years | female: 30.6 years", "display": "total: 30.6 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "49,000 PAGO PAGO (capital) (2018)", "display": "49,000 PAGO PAGO (capital) (2018)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: American Samoa | conventional short form: American Samoa | former: Eastern Samoa | abbreviation: AS | etymology: the name's meaning is disputed; according to one theory, sa means \"sacred\" and moa means \"center,\" so the name can mean \"Holy Center\"; alternatively, some assert that the name can mean \"place of the sacred moa bird\" of Polynesian mythology; however, the name may pre-date the Polynesian era (before 1000 B.C.), with sa'a meaning \"tribe or people\" and moa meaning \"deep sea,\" or \"people of the deep sea\"", "display": "conventional long form: American Samoa", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Pago Pago | geographic coordinates: 14 16 S, 170 42 W | time difference: UTC-11 (6 hours behind Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | note: pronounced PAHN-go PAHN-go", "display": "name: Pago Pago", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "unincorporated, unorganized Territory of the US with local self-government; republican form of territorial government with separate executive, legislative, and judicial branches", "display": "unincorporated, unorganized Territory of the US with local self-government; republican form of territorial government with separate executive, legislative, and judicial branches", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "mixed legal system of US common law and customary law", "display": "mixed legal system of US common law and customary law", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: adopted 17 October 1960; revised 1 July 1967 | amendment process: proposed by either house of the Legislative Assembly; passage requires three-fifths majority vote by the membership of each house, approval by simple majority vote in a referendum, approval by the US Secretary of the Interior, and only by an act of the US Congress", "display": "history: adopted 17 October 1960; revised 1 July 1967", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1960 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US government, but 3 districts and 2 islands* are considered second-order; Eastern, Manu'a, Rose Island*, Swains Island*, Western", "display": "no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US government, but 3 districts and 2 islands* are considered second-order; Eastern, Manu'a, Rose Island*, Swains Island*,…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "AOSIS (observer), Interpol (subbureau), IOC, PIF (observer), SPC", "display": "AOSIS (observer), Interpol (subbureau), IOC, PIF (observer), SPC", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "tourism, tuna, and government services-based territorial economy; sustained economic decline; vulnerable tuna canning industry; large territorial government presence; minimum wage increases to rise to federal standards by 2036", "display": "tourism, tuna, and government services-based territorial economy; sustained economic decline; vulnerable tuna canning industry; large territorial government presence; minimum wage…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2036 }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$658 million (2016 est.) | $674.9 million (2015 est.) | $666.9 billion (2014 est.) | note: data are in 2016 dollars", "display": "$658 million (2016 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 666.9, "estimate_year": 2016 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "1.7% (2022 est.) | -0.8% (2021 est.) | 4.4% (2020 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "1.7% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "tuna canneries (largely supplied by foreign fishing vessels), handicrafts", "display": "tuna canneries (largely supplied by foreign fishing vessels), handicrafts", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "bananas, coconuts, vegetables, taro, breadfruit, yams, copra, pineapples, papayas; dairy products, livestock", "display": "bananas, coconuts, vegetables, taro, breadfruit, yams, copra, pineapples, papayas; dairy products, livestock", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "animal meal, aluminum, refined petroleum, gas turbines, broadcasting equipment (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "animal meal, aluminum, refined petroleum, gas turbines, broadcasting equipment (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, fish, paper containers, wood, construction vehicles (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, fish, paper containers, wood, construction vehicles (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 40.3% (1990 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 40.3% (1990 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.40299999999999997, "estimate_year": 1990 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 97.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 2.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 97.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "89.105 million Btu/person (2019 est.)", "display": "89.105 million Btu/person (2019 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2019 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "3 (2025)", "display": "3 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 1 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 1 | very small: 0 | ports with oil terminals: 1 | key ports: Pago Pago Harbor", "display": "total ports: 1 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "limited supply of drinking water; pollution; waste disposal; coastal and stream alteration; soil erosion", "display": "limited supply of drinking water; pollution; waste disposal; coastal and stream alteration; soil erosion", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "389,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 389,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "389,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/american-samoa.json" }, { "entity_id": "andorra", "name": "Andorra", "source_code": "AD", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Europe", "roadmap_country": "Andorra", "coverage_region": "Europe", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 112, "published_fact_count": 42, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 85370.0, "area_sq_km": 468.0, "capital": "Andorra la Vella", "government_type": "parliamentary democracy (since March 1993) that retains its chiefs of state in the form of a co-principality; the two princes are the President of France and Bishop of Seu d'Urgel…", "life_expectancy_years": 83.8, "urban_population_percent": 87.8, "internet_users_percent": 95.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 65900.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": true }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "The landlocked Principality of Andorra -- one of the smallest states in Europe and nestled high in the Pyrenees between the French and Spanish borders -- is the last independent survivor of the Hispanic March states created by Frankish King Charlemagne in 795 after he halted the Moorish invasion of Spain. The March states were a series of buffer states to keep the Muslim Moors from advancing into Christian France. For 715 years, from 1278 to 1993, Andorrans lived under a unique co-principality, ruled by French and Spanish leaders (from 1607 onward, the French chief of state and the Bishop of Urgell). In 1993, this feudal system was modified with the introduction of a modern constitution; the co-princes remained as titular heads of state, but the government transformed into a parliamentary democracy. | Andorra's winter sports, summer climate, and duty-free shopping attract approximately 8 million people each year. Andorra has also become a wealthy international commercial center because of its mature banking sector and low taxes. As part of the effort to modernize its economy, Andorra has opened to foreign investment and engaged in other reforms, such as tax initiatives aimed at supporting broader infrastructure. Although not a member of the EU, Andorra enjoys a special relationship with the bloc that is governed by various customs and cooperation agreements, and Andorra uses the euro as its national currency.", "display": "The landlocked Principality of Andorra -- one of the smallest states in Europe and nestled high in the Pyrenees between the French and Spanish borders -- is the last independent s…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1993 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southwestern Europe, Pyrenees mountains, on the border between France and Spain", "display": "Southwestern Europe, Pyrenees mountains, on the border between France and Spain", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Europe", "display": "Europe", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 468 sq km | land: 468 sq km | water: 0 sq km", "display": "total : 468 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 468.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "0 km (landlocked)", "display": "0 km (landlocked)", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "rugged mountains dissected by narrow valleys", "display": "rugged mountains dissected by narrow valleys", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "temperate; snowy, cold winters and warm, dry summers", "display": "temperate; snowy, cold winters and warm, dry summers", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Pic de Coma Pedrosa 2,946 m | lowest point: Riu Runer 840 m | mean elevation: 1,996 m", "display": "highest point: Pic de Coma Pedrosa 2,946 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "avalanches", "display": "avalanches", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "hydropower, mineral water, timber, iron ore, lead", "display": "hydropower, mineral water, timber, iron ore, lead", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "population is unevenly distributed and is concentrated in the seven urbanized valleys that make up the country's parishes (political administrative divisions)", "display": "population is unevenly distributed and is concentrated in the seven urbanized valleys that make up the country's parishes (political administrative divisions)", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 85,370 (2024 est.) | male: 43,652 | female: 41,718", "display": "total: 85,370 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 85370.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "-0.12% (2025 est.)", "display": "-0.12% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": -0.0012, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 87.8% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.11% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 87.8% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Catalan (official) 44.1%, Castilian 40.3%, Portuguese 13.5%, French 10%, English 3%, other 6.8% (2022 est.) | note: data represent mother tongue", "display": "Catalan (official) 44.1%, Castilian 40.3%, Portuguese 13.5%, French 10%, English 3%, other 6.8% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Christian (predominantly Roman Catholic) 89.5, other 8.8%, unaffiliated 1.7% (2020 est.)", "display": "Christian (predominantly Roman Catholic) 89.5, other 8.8%, unaffiliated 1.7% (2020 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 83.8 years (2024 est.) | male: 81.6 years | female: 86.2 years", "display": "total population: 83.8 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 83.8, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 49.4 years (2025 est.) | male: 48.7 years | female: 48.8 years", "display": "total: 49.4 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "23,000 ANDORRA LA VELLA (capital) (2018)", "display": "23,000 ANDORRA LA VELLA (capital) (2018)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 14 years (2023 est.) | male: 14 years (2023 est.) | female: 15 years (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 14 years (2023 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Principality of Andorra | conventional short form: Andorra | local long form: Principat d'Andorra | local short form: Andorra | etymology: the origin of the country's name is obscure; may originate from the Navarrese word andurrial, meaning \"shrub-covered land;\" alternatively, may derive from the Arabic ad-darra meaning \"the forest,\" a reference to its location; many other theories exist", "display": "conventional long form: Principality of Andorra", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Andorra la Vella | geographic coordinates: 42 30 N, 1 31 E | time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October | etymology: translates as \"Andorra the Old\" in Catalan", "display": "name: Andorra la Vella", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary democracy (since March 1993) that retains its chiefs of state in the form of a co-principality; the two princes are the President of France and Bishop of Seu d'Urgell, Spain", "display": "parliamentary democracy (since March 1993) that retains its chiefs of state in the form of a co-principality; the two princes are the President of France and Bishop of Seu d'Urgel…", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1993 }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "mixed legal system of civil and customary law with the influence of canon (religious) law", "display": "mixed legal system of civil and customary law with the influence of canon (religious) law", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: drafted 1991, approved by referendum 14 March 1993, effective 28 April 1993 | amendment process: proposed by the co-princes jointly or by the General Council; passage requires at least a two-thirds majority vote by the General Council, ratification in a referendum, and sanctioning by the co-princes", "display": "history: drafted 1991, approved by referendum 14 March 1993, effective 28 April 1993", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1991 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "7 parishes ( parroquies , singular - parroquia ); Andorra la Vella, Canillo, Encamp, Escaldes-Engordany, La Massana, Ordino, Sant Julia de Loria", "display": "7 parishes ( parroquies , singular - parroquia ); Andorra la Vella, Canillo, Encamp, Escaldes-Engordany, La Massana, Ordino, Sant Julia de Loria", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "CE, FAO, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IFRCS, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITU, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, Union Latina, UNWTO, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WTO (observer)", "display": "CE, FAO, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IFRCS, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITU, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, Union Latina, UNWTO, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WTO (observer)", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "high GDP; low unemployment; non-EU Euro user; co-principality duty-free area between Spain and France; tourist hub but hit hard by COVID-19; modern, non-tax haven financial sector; looking for big tech investments; new member of SEPA and IMF", "display": "high GDP; low unemployment; non-EU Euro user; co-principality duty-free area between Spain and France; tourist hub but hit hard by COVID-19; modern, non-tax haven financial sector…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$5.402 billion (2024 est.) | $5.226 billion (2023 est.) | $5.094 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$5.402 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 5.402, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$65,900 (2024 est.) | $64,600 (2023 est.) | $63,900 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$65,900 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 65900.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3.4% (2024 est.) | 2.6% (2023 est.) | 9.6% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "3.4% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "6.2% (2022 est.) | 1.7% (2021 est.) | 0.1% (2020 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "6.2% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.062, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "tourism (particularly skiing), banking, timber, furniture", "display": "tourism (particularly skiing), banking, timber, furniture", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "small quantities of rye, wheat, barley, oats, vegetables, tobacco, sheep, cattle", "display": "small quantities of rye, wheat, barley, oats, vegetables, tobacco, sheep, cattle", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "paintings, integrated circuits, cars, orthopedic appliances, garments (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "paintings, integrated circuits, cars, orthopedic appliances, garments (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "cars, refined petroleum, garments, perfumes, electricity (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "cars, refined petroleum, garments, perfumes, electricity (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 95% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 95% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.95, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 42,000 (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 52 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 42,000 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 42000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "deforestation; soil erosion from overgrazing; air pollution; wastewater treatment and solid waste disposal", "display": "deforestation; soil erosion from overgrazing; air pollution; wastewater treatment and solid waste disposal", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "315.6 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "315.6 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/andorra.json" }, { "entity_id": "angola", "name": "Angola", "source_code": "AO", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Africa", "roadmap_country": "Angola", "coverage_region": "Africa", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 149, "published_fact_count": 51, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 38984796.0, "area_sq_km": 1246700.0, "capital": "Luanda", "government_type": "presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 62.9, "urban_population_percent": 68.7, "internet_users_percent": 45.0, "electricity_access_percent": 48.5, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 7300.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Bantu-speaking people settled in the area now called Angola in 6 th century A.D.; by the 10 th century various Bantu groups had established kingdoms, of which Kongo became the most powerful. From the late-14th to the mid-19th century, a Kingdom of Kongo stretched across central Africa from present-day northern Angola into the current Congo republics. It traded heavily with the Portuguese who, beginning in the 16th century, established coastal colonies and trading posts and introduced Christianity. Angola became a major hub of the transatlantic slave trade conducted by the Portuguese and other European powers -- often in collaboration with local kingdoms, including the Kongo. The Angola area is estimated to have lost as many as 4 million people as a result of the slave trade. The Kingdom of Kongo’s main rival was the Kingdom of Ndongo to its south, whose most famous leader was Nzingha Mbande, the 17 th century diplomat to the Portuguese and later Queen, who successfully fought off Portuguese encroachment during her nearly 40-year reign. Smaller kingdoms, such as the Matamba and Ngoyo, often came under the control of the Kongo or Ndongo Kingdoms. During the Berlin Conference of 1884-85, Portugal and other European powers set Angola’s modern borders, but the Portuguese did not fully control large portions of the territory. Portugal gained control of the Kingdom of Kongo in 1888 when Kongo’s King Pedro V sought Portuguese military assistance in exchange for becoming a vassal. After a revolt in 1914, Portugal imposed direct rule over the colony and abolished the Kongo Kingdom. | The Angolan National Revolution began in 1961, and in 1975, Angola won its independence when Portugal’s dictatorship fell, a collapse that occurred in part because of growing discontent over conflict in Angola and other colonies. Angola’s multiple independence movements soon clashed, with the Popular Movement for Liberation of Angola (MPLA), led by Agostinho NETO, taking power and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), led by Jonas SAVIMBI, emerging as its main competitor. After NETO’s death in 1979, Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS, also of the MPLA, became president. Over time, the Angolan civil war escalated and became a major Cold War conflict, with the Soviet Union and Cuba supporting the MPLA and the US and South Africa supporting UNITA. Up to 1.5 million lives may have been lost -- and 4 million people displaced -- during the more than a quarter-century of fighting. SAVIMBI's death in 2002 ended UNITA's insurgency and cemented the MPLA's hold on power. DOS SANTOS did not seek reelection in 2017 and supported Joao LOURENCO’s successful bid to become president. LOURENCO was reelected in 2022. Angola scores low on human development indexes despite using its large oil reserves to rebuild since 2002.", "display": "Bantu-speaking people settled in the area now called Angola in 6 th century A.D.; by the 10 th century various Bantu groups had established kingdoms, of which Kongo became the mos…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1914 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Namibia and Democratic Republic of the Congo", "display": "Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Namibia and Democratic Republic of the Congo", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Africa", "display": "Africa", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 1,246,700 sq km | land: 1,246,700 sq km | water: 0 sq km", "display": "total : 1,246,700 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 1246700.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "1,600 km", "display": "1,600 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "narrow coastal plain rises abruptly to vast interior plateau", "display": "narrow coastal plain rises abruptly to vast interior plateau", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool, dry season (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to April)", "display": "semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool, dry season (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to April)", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Moco 2,620 m | lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m | mean elevation: 1,112 m", "display": "highest point: Moco 2,620 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "locally heavy rainfall causes periodic flooding on the plateau", "display": "locally heavy rainfall causes periodic flooding on the plateau", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "petroleum, diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, copper, feldspar, gold, bauxite, uranium", "display": "petroleum, diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, copper, feldspar, gold, bauxite, uranium", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "most people live in the western half of the country; urban areas account for the highest concentrations of people, particularly the capital of Luanda", "display": "most people live in the western half of the country; urban areas account for the highest concentrations of people, particularly the capital of Luanda", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 38,984,796 (2025 est.) | male: 19,115,781 | female: 19,869,015", "display": "total: 38,984,796 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 38984796.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "3.32% (2025 est.)", "display": "3.32% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0332, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 68.7% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 4.04% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 68.7% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Portuguese 71.2% (official), Umbundu 23%, Kikongo 8.2%, Kimbundu 7.8%, Chokwe 6.5%, Nhaneca 3.4%, Nganguela 3.1%, Fiote 2.4%, Kwanhama 2.3%, Muhumbi 2.1%, Luvale 1%, other 3.6% (2014 est.) | note : shares sum to more than 100% because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census", "display": "Portuguese 71.2% (official), Umbundu 23%, Kikongo 8.2%, Kimbundu 7.8%, Chokwe 6.5%, Nhaneca 3.4%, Nganguela 3.1%, Fiote 2.4%, Kwanhama 2.3%, Muhumbi 2.1%, Luvale 1%, other 3.6% (2…", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2014 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Roman Catholic 41.1%, Protestant 38.1%, other 8.6%, none 12.3% (2014 est.)", "display": "Roman Catholic 41.1%, Protestant 38.1%, other 8.6%, none 12.3% (2014 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2014 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 62.9 years (2024 est.) | male: 60.8 years | female: 65.1 years", "display": "total population: 62.9 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 62.9, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 16.6 years (2025 est.) | male: 15.8 years | female: 16.8 years", "display": "total: 16.6 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "9.292 million LUANDA (capital), 959,000 Lubango, 905,000 Cabinda, 809,000 Benguela, 783,000 Malanje (2023)", "display": "9.292 million LUANDA (capital), 959,000 Lubango, 905,000 Cabinda, 809,000 Benguela, 783,000 Malanje (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 66.2% (2015 est.) | male: 83.8% (2015 est.) | female: 51.9% (2015 est.)", "display": "total population: 66.2% (2015 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2015 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Angola | conventional short form: Angola | local long form: Republica de Angola | local short form: Angola | former: People's Republic of Angola | etymology: in the 15th century, Portuguese explorers derived the name from the title \"N'gola,\" which was held by kings of the Ndongo", "display": "conventional long form: Republic of Angola", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Luanda | geographic coordinates: 8 50 S, 13 13 E | time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: does not observe daylight savings time | etymology: the Portuguese named the city São Paulo da Assunção de Loanda (Saint Paul of the Assumption of Loanda); over time, it was shortened to \"Luanda,\" which may derive from a Bantu word meaning \"tax\" or \"duty,\" in reference to local people paying their dues to the king of the Congo", "display": "name: Luanda", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "presidential republic", "display": "presidential republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil legal system based on Portuguese civil law; no judicial review of legislation", "display": "civil legal system based on Portuguese civil law; no judicial review of legislation", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: previous 1975, 1992; latest passed by National Assembly 21 January 2010, adopted 5 February 2010 | amendment process: proposed by the president of the republic or supported by at least one third of the National Assembly membership; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly subject to prior Constitutional Court review if requested by the president of the republic", "display": "history: previous 1975, 1992; latest passed by National Assembly 21 January 2010, adopted 5 February 2010", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1975 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "21 provinces ( provincias , singular - provincia ); Bengo, Benguela, Bie, Cabinda, Cuando, Cubango, Cuanza-Norte, Cuanza-Sul, Cunene, Huambo, Huila, Icolo e Bengo, Luanda, Lunda-Norte, Lunda-Sul, Malanje, Moxico, Moxico Leste, Namibe, Uige, Zaire", "display": "21 provinces ( provincias , singular - provincia ); Bengo, Benguela, Bie, Cabinda, Cuando, Cubango, Cuanza-Norte, Cuanza-Sul, Cunene, Huambo, Huila, Icolo e Bengo, Luanda, Lunda-N…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACP, AfDB, AU, CEMAC, CPLP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMISS, Union Latina, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ACP, AfDB, AU, CEMAC, CPLP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NA…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "middle-income, oil-dependent African economy; widespread poverty; rising inflation and currency depreciation; seeking diversification through agricultural production; significant corruption in public institutions; major infrastructure investments from China and US; exited OPEC in 2023", "display": "middle-income, oil-dependent African economy; widespread poverty; rising inflation and currency depreciation; seeking diversification through agricultural production; significant…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$278.239 billion (2024 est.) | $266.452 billion (2023 est.) | $263.61 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$278.239 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 278.239, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$7,300 (2024 est.) | $7,300 (2023 est.) | $7,400 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$7,300 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 7300.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "4.4% (2024 est.) | 1.1% (2023 est.) | 3% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "4.4% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "28.2% (2024 est.) | 13.6% (2023 est.) | 21.4% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "28.2% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.282, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "14.5% (2024 est.) | 14.6% (2023 est.) | 14.7% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "14.5% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.145, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "petroleum; diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, feldspar, bauxite, uranium, and gold; cement; basic metal products; fish processing; food processing, brewing, tobacco products, sugar; textiles; ship repair", "display": "petroleum; diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, feldspar, bauxite, uranium, and gold; cement; basic metal products; fish processing; food processing, brewing, tobacco products, sugar;…", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "cassava, bananas, maize, sweet potatoes, sugarcane, tomatoes, pineapples, onions, potatoes, citrus fruits (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "cassava, bananas, maize, sweet potatoes, sugarcane, tomatoes, pineapples, onions, potatoes, citrus fruits (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "crude petroleum, diamonds, natural gas, ships, refined petroleum (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "crude petroleum, diamonds, natural gas, ships, refined petroleum (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, wheat, ships, cars, trucks (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, wheat, ships, cars, trucks (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 45% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 45% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.45, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 137,000 (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2023 est.) less than 1", "display": "total: 137,000 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 137000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 48.5% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 76.2% | electrification - rural areas: 7.3% (2018 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 48.5% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 23.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 2.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 74% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 0.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 23.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "9.146 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "9.146 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "107 (2025)", "display": "107 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 21 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 8 | very small: 13 | ports with oil terminals: 17 | key ports: Cabinda, Estrela Oil Field, Lobito, Luanda, Malongo Oil Terminal, Namibe, Palanca Terminal, Takula Terminal", "display": "total ports: 21 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 2,761 km (2022) | narrow gauge: 2,638 km (2022) 1.067-m gauge | 123 km 0.600-mm gauge", "display": "total: 2,761 km (2022)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 64 (2023) | by type: general cargo 13, oil tanker 8, other 43", "display": "total: 64 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "overuse of pastures and subsequent soil erosion; desertification; deforestation of tropical rainforest from international demand for timber and domestic use as fuel; loss of biodiversity; soil erosion contributing to water pollution and siltation of rivers and dams; inadequate supplies of potable water", "display": "overuse of pastures and subsequent soil erosion; desertification; deforestation of tropical rainforest from international demand for timber and domestic use as fuel; loss of biodi…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "19.66 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 9,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 17.21 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 2.441 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "19.66 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "148.4 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "148.4 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 319.5 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 239.6 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 146.7 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 319.5 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardo…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/angola.json" }, { "entity_id": "anguilla", "name": "Anguilla", "source_code": "AI", "source_entity_class": "dependency-or-territory", "source_region": "Central America and the Caribbean", "roadmap_country": null, "coverage_region": null, "roadmap_status": "additional", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 92, "published_fact_count": 39, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 19416.0, "area_sq_km": 91.0, "capital": "The Valley", "government_type": "parliamentary democracy (House of Assembly); self-governing overseas territory of the UK", "life_expectancy_years": 82.6, "urban_population_percent": 100.0, "internet_users_percent": 81.6, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 31000.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "English settlers from Saint Kitts first colonized Anguilla in 1650. Great Britain administered the island until the early 19th century, when -- against the wishes of the inhabitants -- Anguilla was incorporated into a single British dependency along with Saint Kitts and Nevis. Several attempts at separation failed. In 1971, two years after a revolt, Anguilla was finally allowed to secede; this arrangement was formally recognized in 1980, when Anguilla became a separate British dependency. In 2017, Hurricane Irma caused extensive damage on the island, particularly to communications and residential and business infrastructure.", "display": "English settlers from Saint Kitts first colonized Anguilla in 1650. Great Britain administered the island until the early 19th century, when -- against the wishes of the inhabitan…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1971 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean, east of Puerto Rico", "display": "Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean, east of Puerto Rico", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Central America and the Caribbean", "display": "Central America and the Caribbean", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 91 sq km | land: 91 sq km | water: 0 sq km", "display": "total : 91 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 91.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "61 km", "display": "61 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "flat and low-lying island of coral and limestone", "display": "flat and low-lying island of coral and limestone", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds", "display": "tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Crocus Hill 73 m | lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m", "display": "highest point: Crocus Hill 73 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "frequent hurricanes and other tropical storms (July to October)", "display": "frequent hurricanes and other tropical storms (July to October)", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "salt, fish, lobster", "display": "salt, fish, lobster", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "most of the population is concentrated in The Valley in the center of the island; settlement is fairly uniform in the southwest, but rather sparse in the northeast", "display": "most of the population is concentrated in The Valley in the center of the island; settlement is fairly uniform in the southwest, but rather sparse in the northeast", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 19,416 (2024 est.) | male: 9,107 | female: 10,309", "display": "total: 19,416 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 19416.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.71% (2025 est.)", "display": "1.71% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0171, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 100% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.47% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 100% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "English (official)", "display": "English (official)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Protestant 73.2% (includes Anglican 22.7%, Methodist 19.4%, Pentecostal 10.5%, Seventh Day Adventist 8.3%, Baptist 7.1%, Church of God 4.9%, Presbyterian 0.2%, Brethren 0.1%), Roman Catholic 6.8%, Jehovah's Witness 1.1%, other Christian 10.9%, other 3.2%, unspecified 0.3%, none 4.5% (2011 est.)", "display": "Protestant 73.2% (includes Anglican 22.7%, Methodist 19.4%, Pentecostal 10.5%, Seventh Day Adventist 8.3%, Baptist 7.1%, Church of God 4.9%, Presbyterian 0.2%, Brethren 0.1%), Rom…", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2011 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 82.6 years (2024 est.) | male: 80 years | female: 85.3 years", "display": "total population: 82.6 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 82.6, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 37.5 years (2025 est.) | male: 34.8 years | female: 39 years", "display": "total: 37.5 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1,000 THE VALLEY (capital) (2018)", "display": "1,000 THE VALLEY (capital) (2018)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: none | conventional short form: Anguilla | etymology: in 1493, Christopher COLUMBUS named the island Anguilla, meaning \"eel\" in Spanish, because of the island's elongated shape", "display": "conventional long form: none", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: The Valley | geographic coordinates: 18 13 N, 63 03 W | time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: name may derive from the capital's location among several hills", "display": "name: The Valley", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary democracy (House of Assembly); self-governing overseas territory of the UK", "display": "parliamentary democracy (House of Assembly); self-governing overseas territory of the UK", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "common law based on the English model", "display": "common law based on the English model", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: several previous; latest 1 April 1982", "display": "history: several previous; latest 1 April 1982", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1982 }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "Caricom (associate), CDB, Interpol (subbureau), OECS, UNESCO (associate), UPU", "display": "Caricom (associate), CDB, Interpol (subbureau), OECS, UNESCO (associate), UPU", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "small, tourism-dependent, territorial-island economy; very high public debt; COVID-19 crippled economic activity; partial recovery underway via tourism, benefitting from its high amount of timeshare residences; considering reopening oil refinery", "display": "small, tourism-dependent, territorial-island economy; very high public debt; COVID-19 crippled economic activity; partial recovery underway via tourism, benefitting from its high…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$362.499 million (2024 est.) | $345.238 million (2023 est.) | $336.924 million (2022 est.) | note: data in 2015 dollars", "display": "$362.499 million (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 0.362499, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$31,000 (2024 est.) | $28,900 (2023 est.) | $27,400 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2015 dollars", "display": "$31,000 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 31000.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3% (2022 est.) | 1.8% (2021 est.) | -0.5% (2020 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "3% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.03, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "tourism, boat building, offshore financial services", "display": "tourism, boat building, offshore financial services", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "small quantities of tobacco, vegetables; cattle raising", "display": "small quantities of tobacco, vegetables; cattle raising", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "packaged medicine, garments, vehicle parts/accessories, vaccines, cars (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "packaged medicine, garments, vehicle parts/accessories, vaccines, cars (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "poultry, copper ore, natural gas, refined petroleum, fish (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "poultry, copper ore, natural gas, refined petroleum, fish (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 81.6% (2021 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 81.6% (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.816, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 5,000 (2018 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 35 (2018 est.)", "display": "total: 5,000 (2018 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 5000.0, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2020)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2020)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "1 (2025)", "display": "1 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 2 (2023) | by type: other 2", "display": "total: 2 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "inadequate potable water", "display": "inadequate potable water", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/anguilla.json" }, { "entity_id": "antarctica", "name": "Antarctica", "source_code": "AQ", "source_entity_class": "special-area", "source_region": "Antarctic Region", "roadmap_country": null, "coverage_region": null, "roadmap_status": "additional", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 34, "published_fact_count": 19, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 5000.0, "area_sq_km": null, "capital": null, "government_type": "the Antarctic Treaty and its follow-on agreements govern the use of Antarctica, ensuring it is used only for peaceful purposes and scientific research; signed in 1959 and in force…", "life_expectancy_years": null, "urban_population_percent": null, "internet_users_percent": 100.0, "electricity_access_percent": null, "gdp_per_capita_usd": null, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": null, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Speculation over the existence of a \"southern land\" was confirmed in the early 1820s when British and American commercial operators and British and Russian national expeditions began exploring the Antarctic Peninsula region and other areas south of the Antarctic Circle. In 1840, it was finally established that Antarctica was indeed a continent and not merely a group of islands or an area of ocean. Several exploration \"firsts\" were achieved in the early 20th century, but the area saw little human activity. Following World War II, however, the continent experienced an upsurge in scientific research. A number of countries have set up a range of year-round and seasonal stations, camps, and refuges to support scientific research in Antarctica. Seven have made territorial claims, with two maintaining the basis for a claim, but most countries do not recognize these claims. In order to form a legal framework for countries' activities on the continent, an Antarctic Treaty was negotiated that neither denies nor recognizes existing territorial claims; it was signed in 1959 and entered into force in 1961. Also relevant to Antarctic governance are the Environmental Protocol to the Antarctic Treaty and the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources.", "display": "Speculation over the existence of a \"southern land\" was confirmed in the early 1820s when British and American commercial operators and British and Russian national expeditions be…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1959 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "continent mostly south of the Antarctic Circle", "display": "continent mostly south of the Antarctic Circle", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Antarctic Region", "display": "Antarctic Region", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 14.2 million sq km | land: 14.2 million sq km (285,000 sq km ice-free, 13.915 million sq km ice-covered) (est.) | note: fifth-largest continent, following Asia, Africa, North America, and South America, but larger than Australia and the continent of Europe", "display": "total : 14.2 million sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "17,968 km", "display": "17,968 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "about 99% thick continental ice sheet and 1% barren rock, with average elevations between 2,000 and 4,000 m; mountain ranges up to nearly 5,000 m; ice-free coastal areas include parts of southern Victoria Land, Wilkes Land, the Antarctic Peninsula area, and parts of Ross Island on McMurdo Sound; glaciers form ice shelves along about half of the coastline, and floating ice shelves constitute 11% of the area of the continent", "display": "about 99% thick continental ice sheet and 1% barren rock, with average elevations between 2,000 and 4,000 m; mountain ranges up to nearly 5,000 m; ice-free coastal areas include p…", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "the coldest, windiest, and driest continent on Earth; severe low temperatures vary with latitude, elevation, and distance from the ocean; East Antarctica is colder than West Antarctica because of its higher elevation; Antarctic Peninsula has the most moderate climate; higher temperatures occur in January along the coast and average slightly below freezing; summers characterized by continuous daylight, while winters bring continuous darkness; persistent high pressure over the interior brings dry, subsiding air that results in very little cloud cover", "display": "the coldest, windiest, and driest continent on Earth; severe low temperatures vary with latitude, elevation, and distance from the ocean; East Antarctica is colder than West Antar…", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Vinson Massif 4,892 m | lowest point: Denman Glacier more than -3,500 m (-11,500 ft) below sea level | mean elevation: 2,300 m | note: the lowest known land point in Antarctica is hidden in the Denman Glacier; at its surface is the deepest ice yet discovered and the world's lowest elevation not under seawater", "display": "highest point: Vinson Massif 4,892 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "katabatic (gravity-driven) winds blow coastward from the high interior; frequent blizzards form near the foot of the plateau; cyclonic storms form over the ocean and move clockwise along the coast; large icebergs may calve from ice shelf | volcanism: volcanic activity on Deception Island and isolated areas of West Antarctica; other seismic activity rare and weak", "display": "katabatic (gravity-driven) winds blow coastward from the high interior; frequent blizzards form near the foot of the plateau; cyclonic storms form over the ocean and move clockwis…", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "iron ore, chromium, copper, gold, nickel, platinum and other minerals, and coal and hydrocarbons have been found in small noncommercial quantities; mineral exploitation except for scientific research is banned by the Environmental Protocol to the Antarctic Treaty; krill, icefish, toothfish, and crab have been taken by commercial fisheries, which are managed through the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR)", "display": "iron ore, chromium, copper, gold, nickel, platinum and other minerals, and coal and hydrocarbons have been found in small noncommercial quantities; mineral exploitation except for…", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "no permanent inhabitants, but staff is present at year-round and summer-only research stations | note: 56 countries have signed the 1959 Antarctic Treaty; 30 of those operate a number of seasonal-only (summer) and year-round research stations on the continent and its nearby islands; the population varies from approximately 5,000 in summer to 1,100 in winter, with about 1,000 support personnel on ships nearby | as of 2024, peak summer (December-February) maximum capacity in scientific stations - 4,713 total; Argentina 425, Australia 238, Belarus 15, Belgium 55, Brazil 64, Bulgaria 25, Chile 375, China 164, Czechia 32, Ecuador 35, Finland 16, France 136, France and Italy jointly 70, Germany 60, India 72, Italy 150, Japan 130, South Korea 158, New Zealand 85, Norway 60, Peru 30, Poland 41, Russia 211, South Africa 80, Spain 79, Sweden 16, Ukraine 15, United Kingdom 315, United States 1,495 , Uruguay 66 (2024) | winter (June-August) maximum capacity in scientific stations - 1,056 total; Argentina 221, Australia 52, Brazil 15, Chile 114, China 32, France 24, France and Italy jointly 13, Germany 9, India 48, Japan 40, Netherlands 10, South Korea 25, NZ 11, Norway 7, Poland 16, Russia 125, South Africa 15, Ukraine 12, UK 44, US 215, Uruguay 8 (2024)", "display": "no permanent inhabitants, but staff is present at year-round and summer-only research stations", "source_field": "Population", "value": 5000.0, "estimate_year": 1959 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: none | conventional short form: Antarctica | etymology: name derived from two Greek words, anti and arktikos , meaning \"opposite to the Arctic\" or \"opposite to the north\"", "display": "conventional long form: none", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "the Antarctic Treaty and its follow-on agreements govern the use of Antarctica, ensuring it is used only for peaceful purposes and scientific research; signed in 1959 and in force since 1961, the original Treaty bans military activity, weapons testing, and nuclear waste disposal, while allowing military personnel to assist with research or other peaceful efforts; it promotes international cooperation in science, guarantees the free exchange of research, and freezes territorial claims; the Treaty covers all land and ice south of 60° south latitude, and allows Treaty nations to inspect any station or facility | decisions are made by consensus at annual meetings, and member countries implement these decisions through their national laws (see “Legal system”); additional agreements have strengthened the Treaty system, including conventions to protect seals (1972) and other marine life (1980), as well as an environmental protocol (1991, took effect in 1998); the protocol bans mining and includes strict rules on environmental impact, waste, pollution, wildlife, and protected areas; as of December 2024, there are 58 member nations : 29 consultative members , including the 7 claimant countries (Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, New Zealand, Norway, and the UK), and 29 non-consultative members ; a permanent Antarctic Treaty Secretariat, established in 2004 in Buenos Aires, supports the system", "display": "the Antarctic Treaty and its follow-on agreements govern the use of Antarctica, ensuring it is used only for peaceful purposes and scientific research; signed in 1959 and in force…", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1959 }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "Antarctica is administered through annual Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings that include member nations, observer groups, and experts; decisions are made by consensus and enforced by each country through its own laws, applying to their citizens and operations in the region south of 60° south latitude, including all ice shelves and islands; in the US, the Antarctic Conservation Act prohibits actions like harming native wildlife, introducing non-native species, polluting, or entering protected areas without authorization; the US National Science Foundation and Department of Justice enforce these rules; US expeditions must also notify the Office of Ocean and Polar Affairs at the US Department of State, which informs other Treaty nations, as required under Public Law 95-541", "display": "Antarctica is administered through annual Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings that include member nations, observer groups, and experts; decisions are made by consensus and enf…", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 100% (2021 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 100% (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 1.0, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "31 (2025)", "display": "31 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 8 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 1 | very small: 7 | ports with oil terminals: 0 | key ports: Admiralty Bay, Andersen Harbor, Ellefsen Harbor, McMurdo Station, Melchior Harbor, Port Foster, Port Lockroy, Scotia Bay", "display": "total ports: 8 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "size of ozone hole over continent; ice loss", "display": "size of ozone hole over continent; ice loss", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "15,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 2,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 13,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "15,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/antarctica.json" }, { "entity_id": "antigua-and-barbuda", "name": "Antigua and Barbuda", "source_code": "AG", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Central America and the Caribbean", "roadmap_country": "Antigua and Barbuda", "coverage_region": "Americas", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 127, "published_fact_count": 48, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 102634.0, "area_sq_km": 443.0, "capital": "Saint John's", "government_type": "parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy; 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Early Spanish and French settlements were succeeded by an English colony in 1667. Slavery, which provided labor on the sugar plantations on Antigua, was abolished in 1834. The islands became an independent state within the British Commonwealth of Nations in 1981. In 2017, Hurricane Irma passed over the island of Barbuda, devastating the island and forcing the evacuation of the population to Antigua. 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"source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 78.3, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 34.1 years (2025 est.) | male: 31.9 years | female: 35.7 years", "display": "total: 34.1 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "21,000 SAINT JOHN'S (capital) (2018)", "display": "21,000 SAINT JOHN'S (capital) (2018)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Antigua and Barbuda | conventional short form: Antigua and Barbuda | etymology: antiguo is Spanish for \"ancient\" or 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capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$29,600 (2024 est.) | $28,500 (2023 est.) | $27,900 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$29,600 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 29600.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "4.3% (2024 est.) | 2.4% (2023 est.) | 9.1% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "4.3% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "6.2% (2024 est.) | 5.1% (2023 est.) | 7.5% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "6.2% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.062, "estimate_year": 2024 }, 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"source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "725,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 725,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "725,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "52 million cubic meters (2022)", "display": "52 million cubic meters (2022)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 7.2 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | 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The Northwest Passage (US and Canada) and Northern Sea Route (Norway and Russia) are two important seasonal waterways. In recent years, the polar ice pack has receded in the summer allowing for increased navigation and raising the possibility of future sovereignty and shipping disputes among the Arctic coastal states affected (Canada, Denmark (Greenland), Iceland, Norway, Russia, US).", "display": "The Arctic Ocean is the smallest of the world's five ocean basins (after the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, and the Southern Ocean). The Northwest Passage (US and Ca…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "body of water between Europe, Asia, and North America, mostly north of the Arctic Circle", "display": "body of water between Europe, Asia, and North America, mostly north of the Arctic Circle", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Arctic Region", "display": "Arctic Region", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 15.558 million sq km | note: includes Barents Sea, Beaufort Sea, Chukchi Sea, East Siberian Sea, Greenland Sea, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, Northwest Passage, Norwegian Sea, and other tributary water bodies", "display": "total : 15.558 million sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "45,389 km", "display": "45,389 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "polar climate characterized by persistent cold and relatively narrow annual temperature range; winters characterized by continuous darkness, cold and stable weather conditions, and clear skies; summers characterized by continuous daylight, damp and foggy weather, and weak cyclones with rain or snow", "display": "polar climate characterized by persistent cold and relatively narrow annual temperature range; winters characterized by continuous darkness, cold and stable weather conditions, an…", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: sea level | lowest point: Molloy Deep -5,577 m | mean depth: -1,205 m | ocean zones: the ocean is divided into three zones based on depth and light level; sunlight entering the water may travel about 1,000 m into the oceans under the right conditions, but there is rarely any significant light below 200 m | euphotic zone : the upper 200 m (656 ft) is also called \"sunlight\" zone; only a small amount of light penetrates beyond this depth | dysphotic zone : between 200 m (656 ft) and 1,000 m (3,280 ft), and also called the twilight zone; the intensity of light rapidly dissipates as depth increases, and photosynthesis is no longer possible | aphotic zone : below 1,000 m (3,280 ft) and also called the midnight zone; sunlight does not penetrate to these depths", "display": "highest point: sea level", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "ice islands occasionally break away from northern Ellesmere Island; icebergs calved from glaciers in western Greenland and extreme northeastern Canada; permafrost in islands; virtually ice locked from October to June; ships subject to superstructure icing from October to May", "display": "ice islands occasionally break away from northern Ellesmere Island; icebergs calved from glaciers in western Greenland and extreme northeastern Canada; permafrost in islands; virt…", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules, oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals (seals and whales)", "display": "sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules, oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals (seals and whales)", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "etymology: the name comes from the Greek word arktikos meaning \"near the bear\" or \"northern,\" and that word derives from arktos , meaning \"bear;\" the name refers either to the constellation Ursa Major, the \"Great Bear,\" which is prominent in the northern celestial sphere, or to the constellation Ursa Minor, the \"Little Bear,\" which contains Polaris, the North (Pole) Star", "display": "etymology: the name comes from the Greek word arktikos meaning \"near the bear\" or \"northern,\" and that word derives from arktos , meaning \"bear;\" the name refers either to the con…", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "changes in biodiversity and temperature; water pollution from use of toxic chemicals; endangered marine species; ecosystem slow to recover from disruptions or damage; thinning polar icepack", "display": "changes in biodiversity and temperature; water pollution from use of toxic chemicals; endangered marine species; ecosystem slow to recover from disruptions or damage; thinning pol…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/arctic-ocean.json" }, { "entity_id": "argentina", "name": "Argentina", "source_code": "AR", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "South America", "roadmap_country": "Argentina", "coverage_region": "Americas", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 158, "published_fact_count": 52, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 45418098.0, "area_sq_km": 2780400.0, "capital": "Buenos Aires", "government_type": "presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 78.8, "urban_population_percent": 92.5, "internet_users_percent": 89.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 26500.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "In 1816, the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata declared their independence from Spain. After Bolivia, Paraguay, and Uruguay went their separate ways, the area that remained became Argentina. European immigrants heavily shaped the country's population and culture, with Italy and Spain providing the largest percentage of newcomers from 1860 to 1930. Until about the mid-20th century, much of Argentina's history was dominated by periods of internal political unrest and conflict between civilian and military factions. | After World War II, former President Juan Domingo PERÓN -- the founder of the Peronist political movement -- introduced an era of populism, serving three non-consecutive terms in office until his death in 1974. Direct and indirect military interference in government throughout the PERÓN years led to a military junta taking power in 1976. In 1982, the junta failed in its bid to seize the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) by force from the United Kingdom. Democracy was reinstated in 1983 and has persisted despite numerous challenges, the most formidable of which was a severe economic crisis in 2001-02 that led to violent public protests and the successive resignations of several presidents. The years 2003-15 saw Peronist rule by Néstor KIRCHNER (2003-07) and his spouse Cristina FERNÁNDEZ DE KIRCHNER (2007-15), who oversaw several years of strong economic growth (2003-11) followed by a gradual deterioration in the government’s fiscal situation and eventual economic stagnation and isolation. Argentina underwent a brief period of economic reform and international reintegration under Mauricio MACRI (2015-19), but a recession in 2018-19 and frustration with MACRI’s economic policies ushered in a new Peronist government in 2019 led by President Alberto FERNÁNDEZ and Vice President Cristina FERNÁNDEZ DE KIRCHNER. Argentina's high public debts, its pandemic-related inflationary pressures, and systemic monetary woes served as the catalyst for the 2023 elections, culminating with President Javier MILEI's electoral success. Argentina has since eliminated half of its government agencies and is seeking shock therapy to amend taxation and monetary policies.", "display": "In 1816, the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata declared their independence from Spain. After Bolivia, Paraguay, and Uruguay went their separate ways, the area that remained…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1930 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southern South America, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Chile and Uruguay", "display": "Southern South America, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Chile and Uruguay", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "South America", "display": "South America", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 2,780,400 sq km | land: 2,736,690 sq km | water: 43,710 sq km", "display": "total : 2,780,400 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 2780400.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "4,989 km", "display": "4,989 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "rich plains of the Pampas in northern half, flat to rolling plateau of Patagonia in south, rugged Andes along western border", "display": "rich plains of the Pampas in northern half, flat to rolling plateau of Patagonia in south, rugged Andes along western border", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly temperate; arid in southeast; subantarctic in southwest", "display": "mostly temperate; arid in southeast; subantarctic in southwest", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Cerro Aconcagua (located in the northwestern corner of the province of Mendoza; highest point in South America) 6,962 m | lowest point: Laguna del Carbón (located between Puerto San Julián and Comandante Luis Piedra Buena in the province of Santa Cruz) -105 m | mean elevation: 595 m", "display": "highest point: Cerro Aconcagua (located in the northwestern corner of the province of Mendoza; highest point in South America) 6,962 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "San Miguel de Tucumán and Mendoza areas in the Andes subject to earthquakes; pamperos are violent windstorms that can strike the pampas and northeast; heavy flooding in some areas | volcanism: volcanic activity in the Andes Mountains along the Chilean border; Copahue (2,997 m) last erupted in 2000; other historically active volcanoes include Llullaillaco, Maipo, Planchón-Peteroa, San José, Tromen, Tupungatito, and Viedma", "display": "San Miguel de Tucumán and Mendoza areas in the Andes subject to earthquakes; pamperos are violent windstorms that can strike the pampas and northeast; heavy flooding in some areas", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2000 }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "fertile plains of the pampas, lead, zinc, tin, copper, iron ore, manganese, petroleum, uranium, arable land", "display": "fertile plains of the pampas, lead, zinc, tin, copper, iron ore, manganese, petroleum, uranium, arable land", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "one third of the population lives in Buenos Aires; pockets of agglomeration occur throughout the northern and central parts of the country; Patagonia to the south remains sparsely populated", "display": "one third of the population lives in Buenos Aires; pockets of agglomeration occur throughout the northern and central parts of the country; Patagonia to the south remains sparsely…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 45,418,098 (2025 est.) | male: 22,535,980 | female: 22,882,118", "display": "total: 45,418,098 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 45418098.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.26% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.26% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0026, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 92.5% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.97% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 92.5% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Spanish (official), Italian, English, German, French, indigenous (Quechua, Guarani, Mapudungun) | major-language sample(s): | La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Spanish (official), Italian, English, German, French, indigenous (Quechua, Guarani, Mapudungun)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Roman Catholic 62.9%, Evangelical 15.3% (Pentecostal 13%, other Evangelical 2.3%), Jehovah's Witness and Church of Jesus Christ 1.4%, other 1.2% (includes Muslim, Jewish), none 18.9% (includes agnostic and atheist), unspecified 0.3% (2019 est.)", "display": "Roman Catholic 62.9%, Evangelical 15.3% (Pentecostal 13%, other Evangelical 2.3%), Jehovah's Witness and Church of Jesus Christ 1.4%, other 1.2% (includes Muslim, Jewish), none 18…", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2019 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 78.8 years (2024 est.) | male: 75.8 years | female: 82 years", "display": "total population: 78.8 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 78.8, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 34.6 years (2025 est.) | male: 32.1 years | female: 34.6 years", "display": "total: 34.6 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "15.490 million BUENOS AIRES (capital), 1.612 million Córdoba, 1.594 million Rosario, 1.226 million Mendoza, 1.027 million San Miguel de Tucumán, 914,000 La Plata (2023)", "display": "15.490 million BUENOS AIRES (capital), 1.612 million Córdoba, 1.594 million Rosario, 1.226 million Mendoza, 1.027 million San Miguel de Tucumán, 914,000 La Plata (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 99.1% (2020 est.) | male: 99.1% (2020 est.) | female: 99.2% (2020 est.)", "display": "total population: 99.1% (2020 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 19 years (2022 est.) | male: 17 years (2022 est.) | female: 21 years (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 19 years (2022 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Argentine Republic | conventional short form: Argentina | local long form: República Argentina | local short form: Argentina | etymology: the name is derived from one of the Spanish words for \"silver,\" but the origin is unclear; it may have described the land next to the Rio de la Plata (\"Silver River\"), a major river that forms the boundary between Argentina and Uruguay; another possible source is the Spanish explorers in the 16th century mistakenly believing that the silver ornaments they bought from inhabitants came from a local source of silver", "display": "conventional long form: Argentine Republic", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Buenos Aires | geographic coordinates: 34 36 S, 58 22 W | time difference: UTC-3 (2 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: the name translates as \"fair winds\" in Spanish; the full original name, Nuestra Senora Santa Maria de los Buenos Aires, was given only to the port; the city was founded separately from the port in 1536 and was named Ciudad de la Santissima Trinidad (City of the Most Holy Trinity); the shortened version of the port name eventually became the city name", "display": "name: Buenos Aires", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "presidential republic", "display": "presidential republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law system based on Western European legal systems | note: in 2015, Argentina adopted a new civil code, replacing the old one in force since 1871", "display": "civil law system based on Western European legal systems", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2015 }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: several previous; latest effective 11 May 1853 | amendment process: a declaration of proposed amendments requires two-thirds majority vote by both houses of the National Congress followed by approval by an ad hoc, multi-member constitutional convention", "display": "history: several previous; latest effective 11 May 1853", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "23 provinces ( provincias , singular - provincia ) and 1 autonomous city*; Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chaco, Chubut, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires*, Cordoba, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Jujuy, La Pampa, La Rioja, Mendoza, Misiones, Neuquen, Rio Negro, Salta, San Juan, San Luis, Santa Cruz, Santa Fe, Santiago del Estero, Tierra del Fuego - Antartida e Islas del Atlántico Sur (Tierra del Fuego - Antarctica and the South Atlantic Islands), Tucuman | note: the US does not recognize any claims to Antarctica", "display": "23 provinces ( provincias , singular - provincia ) and 1 autonomous city*; Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chaco, Chubut, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires*, Cordoba, Corrientes, Entre Rio…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "AfDB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BCIE, BIS, CAN (associate), CD, CABEI, CELAC, FAO, FATF, G-15, G-20, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA, Mercosur, MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSTAH, NAM (observer), NSG, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, Paris Club (associate), PCA, PROSUR, SICA (observer), UN, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNHRC, UNIDO, Union Latina (observer), UNOOSA, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC", "display": "AfDB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BCIE, BIS, CAN (associate), CD, CABEI, CELAC, FAO, FATF, G-15, G-20, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICC…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "large diversified economy; financial risks from debt obligations, rapid inflation, and reduced investor appetites; resource-rich, export-led growth model; increasing trade relations with China; G20 and OAS leader; tendency to nationalize businesses and under-report inflation", "display": "large diversified economy; financial risks from debt obligations, rapid inflation, and reduced investor appetites; resource-rich, export-led growth model; increasing trade relatio…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$1.213 trillion (2024 est.) | $1.234 trillion (2023 est.) | $1.255 trillion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$1.213 trillion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 1213.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$26,500 (2024 est.) | $27,100 (2023 est.) | $27,600 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$26,500 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 26500.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "-1.7% (2024 est.) | -1.6% (2023 est.) | 5.3% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "-1.7% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "73.1% (2022 est.) | 47.1% (2021 est.) | 40.5% (2020 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "73.1% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.731, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "7.9% (2024 est.) | 6.2% (2023 est.) | 6.9% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "7.9% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.079, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "food processing, motor vehicles, consumer durables, textiles, chemicals and petrochemicals, printing, metallurgy, steel", "display": "food processing, motor vehicles, consumer durables, textiles, chemicals and petrochemicals, printing, metallurgy, steel", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "maize, soybeans, sugarcane, wheat, milk, sunflower seeds, barley, beef, potatoes, chicken (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "maize, soybeans, sugarcane, wheat, milk, sunflower seeds, barley, beef, potatoes, chicken (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "soybean meal, corn, trucks, soybean oil, crude petroleum (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "soybean meal, corn, trucks, soybean oil, crude petroleum (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "soybeans, vehicle parts/accessories, refined petroleum, natural gas, cars (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "soybeans, vehicle parts/accessories, refined petroleum, natural gas, cars (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 89% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 89% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.89, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 11.5 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 25 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 11.5 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 11500000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 61.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | nuclear: 6.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 2.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 11% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 16.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 1.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 61.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "78.496 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "78.496 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "764 (2025)", "display": "764 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 37 (2024) | large: 1 | medium: 2 | small: 10 | very small: 24 | ports with oil terminals: 19 | key ports: Buenos Aires, Campana, Concepcion del Uruguay, La Plata, Mar del Plata, Puerto Belgrano, Puerto Ingeniero White, Puerto Madryn, Rosario, San Sebastian Bay, Santa Fe, Ushuaia, Zarate", "display": "total ports: 37 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 17,866 km (2018)", "display": "total: 17,866 km (2018)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 201 (2023) | by type: container ship 1, bulk carrier 1 general cargo 8, oil tanker 33, other 158", "display": "total: 201 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "deforestation; soil degradation (erosion, salinization); desertification; air pollution; water pollution", "display": "deforestation; soil degradation (erosion, salinization); desertification; air pollution; water pollution", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "198.141 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 5.022 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 102.998 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 90.122 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "198.141 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "876.24 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "876.24 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 5.85 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 4 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 27.93 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 5.85 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Marine Life Conservation", "display": "party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Cl…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/argentina.json" }, { "entity_id": "armenia", "name": "Armenia", "source_code": "AM", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Asia", "roadmap_country": "Armenia", "coverage_region": "Asia", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 144, "published_fact_count": 50, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 2963837.0, "area_sq_km": 29743.0, "capital": "Yerevan", "government_type": "parliamentary democracy; note - constitutional changes adopted in December 2015 transformed the government to a parliamentary system", "life_expectancy_years": 76.7, "urban_population_percent": 63.7, "internet_users_percent": 80.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 20100.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": true }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Armenia prides itself on being the first state to formally adopt Christianity (early 4th century). Armenia has existed as a political entity for centuries, but for much of its history it was under the sway of various empires, including the Roman, Byzantine, Arab, Persian, Ottoman, and Russian. During World War I, the Ottoman Empire instituted a policy of forced resettlement that, coupled with other harsh practices targeting its Armenian subjects, resulted in at least 1 million deaths; these actions have been widely recognized as constituting genocide. During the early 19 th century, significant Armenian populations fell under Russian rule. Armenia declared its independence in 1918 in the wake of the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia, but it was conquered by the Soviet Red Army in 1920. Armenia, along with Azerbaijan and Georgia, was initially incorporated into the USSR as part of the Transcaucasian Federated Soviet Socialist Republic; in 1936, the republic was separated into its three constituent entities, which were maintained until the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. | For over three decades, Armenia had a longstanding conflict with neighboring Azerbaijan about the status of the Nagorno-Karabakh region, which historically had a mixed Armenian and Azerbaijani population, although ethnic Armenians have constituted the majority since the late 19 th century. In 1921, Moscow placed Nagorno-Karabakh within Soviet Azerbaijan as an autonomous oblast. In the late Soviet period, a separatist movement developed that sought to end Azerbaijani control over the region. Fighting over Nagorno-Karabakh began in 1988 and escalated after Armenia and Azerbaijan declared independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. By the time a cease-fire took effect in 1994, separatists with Armenian support controlled Nagorno‑Karabakh and seven surrounding Azerbaijani territories. Armenia and Azerbaijan engaged in a second military conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh in 2020; Armenia lost control over much of the territory it had previously captured, returning the southern part of Nagorno-Karabakh and the territories around it to Azerbaijan. In September 2023, Azerbaijan took military action to regain control over Nagorno-Karabakh; after an armed conflict that lasted only one day, nearly the entire ethnic Armenian population of Nagorno-Karabakh fled to Armenia. | Turkey closed its border with Armenia in 1993 in support of Azerbaijan during the first period of conflict with Armenia and has since maintained a closed border, leaving Armenia with closed borders both in the west (with Turkey) and east (with Azerbaijan). Armenia and Turkey engaged in intensive diplomacy to normalize relations and open the border in 2009, but the signed agreement was not ratified in either country. In 2015, Armenia joined the Eurasian Economic Union alongside Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan. In 2017, Armenia signed a Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership Agreement (CEPA) with the EU. | In 2018, former President of Armenia (2008-18) Serzh SARGSIAN of the Republican Party of Armenia (RPA) tried to extend his time in power, prompting protests that became known as the “Velvet Revolution.” After SARGSIAN resigned, the National Assembly elected the leader of the protests, Civil Contract party chief Nikol PASHINYAN, as the new prime minister. PASHINYAN’s party has prevailed in subsequent legislative elections, most recently in 2021.", "display": "Armenia prides itself on being the first state to formally adopt Christianity (early 4th century). Armenia has existed as a political entity for centuries, but for much of its his…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1918 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southwestern Asia, between Turkey (to the west) and Azerbaijan; note - Armenia views itself as part of Europe; geopolitically, it can be classified as falling within Europe, the Middle East, or both", "display": "Southwestern Asia, between Turkey (to the west) and Azerbaijan; note - Armenia views itself as part of Europe; geopolitically, it can be classified as falling within Europe, the M…", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Asia", "display": "Asia", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 29,743 sq km | land: 28,203 sq km | water: 1,540 sq km", "display": "total : 29,743 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 29743.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "0 km (landlocked)", "display": "0 km (landlocked)", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Armenian Highland with mountains; little forest land; fast flowing rivers; good soil in Aras River valley", "display": "Armenian Highland with mountains; little forest land; fast flowing rivers; good soil in Aras River valley", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highland continental, hot summers, cold winters", "display": "highland continental, hot summers, cold winters", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Aragats Lerrnagagat' 4,090 m | lowest point: Debed River 400 m | mean elevation: 1,792 m", "display": "highest point: Aragats Lerrnagagat' 4,090 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "occasionally severe earthquakes; droughts", "display": "occasionally severe earthquakes; droughts", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "small deposits of gold, copper, molybdenum, zinc, bauxite", "display": "small deposits of gold, copper, molybdenum, zinc, bauxite", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "most of the population is located in the northern half of the country; the capital of Yerevan is home to more than five times as many people as Gyumri, the second-largest city in the country", "display": "most of the population is located in the northern half of the country; the capital of Yerevan is home to more than five times as many people as Gyumri, the second-largest city in…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 2,963,837 (2025 est.) | male: 1,451,842 | female: 1,511,995", "display": "total: 2,963,837 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 2963837.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "-0.45% (2025 est.)", "display": "-0.45% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": -0.0045000000000000005, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 63.7% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.23% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 63.7% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Armenian 97.2%, Russian 1.4%, Ezidian 1.0%; less than 1%: other, unknown (2022) | major-language sample(s): | Աշխարհի Փաստագիրք, Անփոխարինելի Աղբյւր Հիմնական Տեղեկատվւթյան. (Armenian) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Armenian 97.2%, Russian 1.4%, Ezidian 1.0%; less than 1%: other, unknown (2022)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Armenian Apostolic 95.2%, not stated 1.7%; less than 1%: Catholic, no religion, Evangelical, Shar-fadinian, other, Armenian Orthodox, Jehovah's Witness, Pagan, Molokan (2022 est.)", "display": "Armenian Apostolic 95.2%, not stated 1.7%; less than 1%: Catholic, no religion, Evangelical, Shar-fadinian, other, Armenian Orthodox, Jehovah's Witness, Pagan, Molokan (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 76.7 years (2024 est.) | male: 73.4 years | female: 80.1 years", "display": "total population: 76.7 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 76.7, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 39.5 years (2025 est.) | male: 37.6 years | female: 40.3 years", "display": "total: 39.5 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.095 million YEREVAN (capital) (2023)", "display": "1.095 million YEREVAN (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 99.8% (2023 est.) | male: 99.8% (2023 est.) | female: 99.9% (2023 est.)", "display": "total population: 99.8% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 14 years (2023 est.) | male: 14 years (2023 est.) | female: 14 years (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 14 years (2023 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Armenia | conventional short form: Armenia | local long form: Hayastani Hanrapetut'yun | local short form: Hayastan | former: Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, Armenian Republic | etymology: the etymology of the country's name remains obscure; according to tradition, the local name for the country, Hayastan, comes from Hayk, the legendary patriarch of the Armenians and the great-great-grandson of Noah; the name Armenia was first recorded in a rock inscription from A.D. 521 in modern-day Iran", "display": "conventional long form: Republic of Armenia", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Yerevan | geographic coordinates: 40 10 N, 44 30 E | time difference: UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: name origin is unclear; it may derive from the name of a local ethnic group, or from the ancient fortress of Erebuni that was built on the current site of Yerevan in 782 B.C.", "display": "name: Yerevan", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary democracy; note - constitutional changes adopted in December 2015 transformed the government to a parliamentary system", "display": "parliamentary democracy; note - constitutional changes adopted in December 2015 transformed the government to a parliamentary system", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2015 }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law system", "display": "civil law system", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: previous 1915, 1978; latest adopted 5 July 1995 | amendment process: proposed by the president of the republic or by the National Assembly; passage requires approval by the president, the National Assembly, and a referendum with at least 25% registered-voter participation and more than 50% of votes; constitutional articles on the form of government and democratic procedures are not amendable", "display": "history: previous 1915, 1978; latest adopted 5 July 1995", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1915 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "11 provinces ( marzer , singular - marz ); Aragatsotn, Ararat, Armavir, Geghark'unik', Kotayk', Lorri, Shirak, Syunik', Tavush, Vayots' Dzor, Yerevan", "display": "11 provinces ( marzer , singular - marz ); Aragatsotn, Ararat, Armavir, Geghark'unik', Kotayk', Lorri, Shirak, Syunik', Tavush, Vayots' Dzor, Yerevan", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ADB, BSEC, CD, CE, CIS, CSTO, EAEC (observer), EAEU, EAPC, EBRD, FAO, GCTU, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM (observer), OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ADB, BSEC, CD, CE, CIS, CSTO, EAEC (observer), EAEU, EAPC, EBRD, FAO, GCTU, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU,…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "upper-middle income, fast-growing Caucasus economy; stable fiscal and monetary regime but vulnerable to geopolitical shocks; economic and energy ties to Russia but seeking more EU and US trade; key copper and gold exporter; business-friendly and anti-corruption reforms; persistent unemployment; influx of migrants from Ukraine war easing", "display": "upper-middle income, fast-growing Caucasus economy; stable fiscal and monetary regime but vulnerable to geopolitical shocks; economic and energy ties to Russia but seeking more EU…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$60.909 billion (2024 est.) | $57.516 billion (2023 est.) | $53.108 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$60.909 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 60.909, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$20,100 (2024 est.) | $19,400 (2023 est.) | $17,900 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$20,100 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 20100.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "5.9% (2024 est.) | 8.3% (2023 est.) | 12.6% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "5.9% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "0.3% (2024 est.) | 2% (2023 est.) | 8.6% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "0.3% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.003, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "13.4% (2024 est.) | 13.3% (2023 est.) | 13.4% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "13.4% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.134, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "brandy, mining, diamond processing, metal-cutting machine tools, forging and pressing machines, electric motors, knitted wear, hosiery, shoes, silk fabric, chemicals, trucks, instruments, microelectronics, jewelry, software, food processing", "display": "brandy, mining, diamond processing, metal-cutting machine tools, forging and pressing machines, electric motors, knitted wear, hosiery, shoes, silk fabric, chemicals, trucks, inst…", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "milk, potatoes, grapes, vegetables, wheat, tomatoes, watermelons, apricots, apples, barley (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "milk, potatoes, grapes, vegetables, wheat, tomatoes, watermelons, apricots, apples, barley (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "gold, diamonds, copper ore, broadcasting equipment, jewelry (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "gold, diamonds, copper ore, broadcasting equipment, jewelry (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "cars, gold, diamonds, broadcasting equipment, natural gas (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "cars, gold, diamonds, broadcasting equipment, natural gas (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 80% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 80% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.8, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 546,000 (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 19 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 546,000 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 546000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 43% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | nuclear: 29% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 8.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 19% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 43% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "54.689 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "54.689 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "11 (2025)", "display": "11 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 686 km (2017)", "display": "total: 686 km (2017)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2017 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "soil pollution from toxic chemicals; deforestation; river pollution; threats to drinking water supplies from use of hydropower; nuclear power plant located in earthquake zone", "display": "soil pollution from toxic chemicals; deforestation; river pollution; threats to drinking water supplies from use of hydropower; nuclear power plant located in earthquake zone", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "7.144 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 48,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 1.934 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 5.162 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "7.144 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "7.769 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "7.769 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 542 million cubic meters (2022) | industrial: 150 million cubic meters (2022) | agricultural: 2.38 billion cubic meters (2022)", "display": "municipal: 542 million cubic meters (2022)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants", "display": "party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered S…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/armenia.json" }, { "entity_id": "aruba", "name": "Aruba", "source_code": "AW", "source_entity_class": "dependency-or-territory", "source_region": "Central America and the Caribbean", "roadmap_country": null, "coverage_region": null, "roadmap_status": "additional", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 108, "published_fact_count": 44, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 125063.0, "area_sq_km": 180.0, "capital": "Oranjestad", "government_type": "parliamentary democracy; part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands", "life_expectancy_years": 78.5, "urban_population_percent": 44.3, "internet_users_percent": 97.0, "electricity_access_percent": 99.9, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 40500.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2023, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Discovered and claimed for Spain in 1499, Aruba was acquired by the Dutch in 1636. Three main industries have since dominated the island's economy: gold mining, oil refining, and tourism. A 19th-century gold rush was followed by prosperity brought on by the opening of an oil refinery in 1924. The last decades of the 20th century saw a boom in the tourism industry. Aruba seceded from the Netherlands Antilles in 1986 and became a separate, semi-autonomous member of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Movement toward full independence was halted at Aruba's request in 1990.", "display": "Discovered and claimed for Spain in 1499, Aruba was acquired by the Dutch in 1636. Three main industries have since dominated the island's economy: gold mining, oil refining, and…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1924 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, north of Venezuela", "display": "Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, north of Venezuela", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Central America and the Caribbean", "display": "Central America and the Caribbean", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 180 sq km | land: 180 sq km | water: 0 sq km", "display": "total : 180 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 180.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "68.5 km", "display": "68.5 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "flat with a few hills; scant vegetation", "display": "flat with a few hills; scant vegetation", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical marine; little seasonal temperature variation", "display": "tropical marine; little seasonal temperature variation", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Ceru Jamanota 188 m | lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m", "display": "highest point: Ceru Jamanota 188 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "hurricanes; lies outside the Caribbean hurricane belt and is rarely threatened", "display": "hurricanes; lies outside the Caribbean hurricane belt and is rarely threatened", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "NEGL; white sandy beaches foster tourism", "display": "NEGL; white sandy beaches foster tourism", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "most residents live in or around Oranjestad and San Nicolaas; most settlements tend to be located on the less mountainous western side of the island", "display": "most residents live in or around Oranjestad and San Nicolaas; most settlements tend to be located on the less mountainous western side of the island", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 125,063 (2024 est.) | male: 59,101 | female: 65,962", "display": "total: 125,063 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 125063.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.05% (2025 est.)", "display": "1.05% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0105, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 44.3% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.77% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 44.3% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Papiamento (official) (a creole language that mixes Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch, English, French, African languages, and Arawak) 69.4%, Spanish 13.7%, English (widely spoken) 7.1%, Dutch (official) 6.1%, Chinese 1.5%, other 1.7%, unspecified 0.4% (2010 est.)", "display": "Papiamento (official) (a creole language that mixes Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch, English, French, African languages, and Arawak) 69.4%, Spanish 13.7%, English (widely spoken) 7.1%,…", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2010 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Roman Catholic 75.3%, Protestant 4.9% (includes Methodist 0.9%, Adventist 0.9%, Anglican 0.4%, other Protestant 2.7%), Jehovah's Witness 1.7%, other 12%, none 5.5%, unspecified 0.5% (2010 est.)", "display": "Roman Catholic 75.3%, Protestant 4.9% (includes Methodist 0.9%, Adventist 0.9%, Anglican 0.4%, other Protestant 2.7%), Jehovah's Witness 1.7%, other 12%, none 5.5%, unspecified 0.…", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2010 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 78.5 years (2024 est.) | male: 75.4 years | female: 81.6 years", "display": "total population: 78.5 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 78.5, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 41.2 years (2025 est.) | male: 39.3 years | female: 42.4 years", "display": "total: 41.2 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "30,000 ORANJESTAD (capital) (2018)", "display": "30,000 ORANJESTAD (capital) (2018)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Country of Aruba | conventional short form: Aruba | local long form: Land Aruba (Dutch); Pais Aruba (Papiamento) | local short form: Aruba | etymology: the origin of the island's name is unclear; according to tradition, the name comes from the Spanish phrase oro hubo (\"there was gold\"), but no gold was ever found on the island; other possible sources are either the local word oruba (\"well-situated\") or a combination of two Carib Indian words, ora and oubao (\"shell\" and \"island,\" respectively)", "display": "conventional long form: Country of Aruba", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Oranjestad | geographic coordinates: 12 31 N, 70 02 W | time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: translates as \"orange city\" in Dutch; in 1824, the city was named after the royal family of the Netherlands, the House of Orange-Nassau", "display": "name: Oranjestad", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary democracy; part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands", "display": "parliamentary democracy; part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law system based on the Dutch civil code", "display": "civil law system based on the Dutch civil code", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: previous 1947, 1955; latest drafted and approved August 1985, enacted 1 January 1986 (regulates governance of Aruba but is subordinate to the Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands); in 1986, Aruba became a semi-autonomous entity within the Kingdom of the Netherlands", "display": "history: previous 1947, 1955; latest drafted and approved August 1985, enacted 1 January 1986 (regulates governance of Aruba but is subordinate to the Charter for the Kingdom of t…", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1947 }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACS (associate), Caricom (observer), FATF, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ITUC (NGOs), UNESCO (associate), UNWTO (associate), UPU", "display": "ACS (associate), Caricom (observer), FATF, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ITUC (NGOs), UNESCO (associate), UNWTO (associate), UPU", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "small, tourism-dependent, territorial-island economy; very high public debt; COVID-19 crippled economic activity; partial recovery underway via tourism, benefitting from its high amount of timeshare residences; considering reopening oil refinery", "display": "small, tourism-dependent, territorial-island economy; very high public debt; COVID-19 crippled economic activity; partial recovery underway via tourism, benefitting from its high…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$4.35 billion (2023 est.) | $4.172 billion (2022 est.) | $3.844 billion (2021 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$4.35 billion (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 4.35, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$40,500 (2023 est.) | $38,900 (2022 est.) | $35,700 (2021 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$40,500 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 40500.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "4.3% (2023 est.) | 8.5% (2022 est.) | 24.1% (2021 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "4.3% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "4.3% (2019 est.) | 3.6% (2018 est.) | -1% (2017 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "4.3% (2019 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.043, "estimate_year": 2019 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "tourism, petroleum transshipment facilities, banking", "display": "tourism, petroleum transshipment facilities, banking", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "aloes; livestock; fish", "display": "aloes; livestock; fish", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "tobacco, gas turbines, refined petroleum, steam turbines, heating machinery (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "tobacco, gas turbines, refined petroleum, steam turbines, heating machinery (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, tobacco, cars, garments, jewelry (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, tobacco, cars, garments, jewelry (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 97% (2017 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 97% (2017 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.97, "estimate_year": 2017 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 19,000 (2022 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 17 (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 19,000 (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 19000.0, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 99.9% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 100% | electrification - rural areas: 100%", "display": "electrification - total population: 99.9% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 83.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 2.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 13.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 83.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "153.952 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "153.952 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "1 (2025)", "display": "1 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 2 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 1 | very small: 1 | ports with oil terminals: 1 | key ports: Paardenbaai (Oranjestad), Sint Nicolaas Baai", "display": "total ports: 2 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 1 (2023) | by type: other 1", "display": "total: 1 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "difficulty in properly disposing waste from tourists; air pollution from waste-burning; water pollution from plastics", "display": "difficulty in properly disposing waste from tourists; air pollution from waste-burning; water pollution from plastics", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "1.163 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 1.163 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "1.163 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/aruba.json" }, { "entity_id": "ashmore-and-cartier-islands", "name": "Ashmore and Cartier Islands", "source_code": "AU", "source_entity_class": "dependency-or-territory", "source_region": "Southeast Asia", "roadmap_country": null, "coverage_region": null, "roadmap_status": "additional", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 28, "published_fact_count": 14, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": null, "area_sq_km": 5.0, "capital": null, "government_type": null, "life_expectancy_years": null, "urban_population_percent": null, "internet_users_percent": null, "electricity_access_percent": null, "gdp_per_capita_usd": null, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": null, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Indonesian fishermen have long fished in the area around Ashmore Reef and Cartier Island. British explorers were the first Europeans to see Cartier Island and Ashmore Reef in 1800 and 1811, respectively. American whalers frequently sailed by the islands in the 1850s and later settled to mine the phosphate deposits on Ashmore Reef, which were exhausted by 1891. The UK disputed US access to Ashmore Reef and formally annexed it in 1878. Cartier Island was annexed in 1909. In 1931, the UK transferred the islands to Australia, which accepted them in 1934 as part of Western Australia. In 1938, Australia transferred governance to the Northern Territory. During World War II, Cartier Island was used as a bombing range. In 1978, governance of Ashmore and Cartier Islands was moved to the federal government. Ashmore Reef and Cartier Island became marine reserves in 1983 and 2000 respectively. | In 1974, Australia and Indonesia signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) to allow Indonesian fishermen to continue fishing around the islands. The MOU also allows Indonesian fishermen to visit the graves of past fishermen, replenish their fresh water, and shelter in the West Island Lagoon of Ashmore Reef. In the 1990s, Indonesia challenged Australia’s claim to the islands, which was settled in a maritime boundary treaty in 1997. The islands were a popular first point of contact for migrants and refugees seeking to enter Australia, so in 2001, Australia declared the islands to be outside the Australian migration zone.", "display": "Indonesian fishermen have long fished in the area around Ashmore Reef and Cartier Island. British explorers were the first Europeans to see Cartier Island and Ashmore Reef in 1800…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1909 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southeastern Asia, islands in the Indian Ocean, midway between northwestern Australia and Timor island; Ashmore Reef is 840 km west of Darwin and 610 km north of Broome; Cartier Islet is 70 km east of Ashmore Reef", "display": "Southeastern Asia, islands in the Indian Ocean, midway between northwestern Australia and Timor island; Ashmore Reef is 840 km west of Darwin and 610 km north of Broome; Cartier I…", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southeast Asia", "display": "Southeast Asia", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 5 sq km | land: 5 sq km | water: 0 sq km | note: includes Ashmore Reef (West, Middle, and East Islets) and Cartier Island", "display": "total : 5 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 5.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "74.1 km", "display": "74.1 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "low with sand and coral", "display": "low with sand and coral", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical", "display": "tropical", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Cartier Island 5 m | lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m", "display": "highest point: Cartier Island 5 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "surrounded by shoals and reefs that can pose maritime hazards", "display": "surrounded by shoals and reefs that can pose maritime hazards", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "fish", "display": "fish", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: no permanent inhabitants | note: Indonesian fishermen are allowed access to the lagoon and fresh water at Ashmore Reef's West Island; access to East and Middle Islands is by permit only", "display": "total: no permanent inhabitants", "source_field": "Population", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands | conventional short form: Ashmore and Cartier Islands | etymology: named after British Captain Samuel ASHMORE, who first sighted the island in 1811, and after the ship Cartier , from which the second island was discovered in 1800", "display": "conventional long form: Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "the laws of the Commonwealth of Australia and the laws of the Northern Territory of Australia, where applicable, apply", "display": "the laws of the Commonwealth of Australia and the laws of the Northern Territory of Australia, where applicable, apply", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "illegal killing of protected wildlife; overfishing; sea-level rise, changes in sea temperature, and ocean acidification; marine debris", "display": "illegal killing of protected wildlife; overfishing; sea-level rise, changes in sea temperature, and ocean acidification; marine debris", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/ashmore-and-cartier-islands.json" }, { "entity_id": "atlantic-ocean", "name": "Atlantic Ocean", "source_code": "ZH", "source_entity_class": "global-or-ocean", "source_region": "Map of the world oceans", "roadmap_country": null, "coverage_region": null, "roadmap_status": "additional", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 20, "published_fact_count": 11, "available_lenses": [ "place", "institutions", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": null, "area_sq_km": null, "capital": null, "government_type": null, "life_expectancy_years": null, "urban_population_percent": null, "internet_users_percent": null, "electricity_access_percent": null, "gdp_per_capita_usd": null, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": null, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's five ocean basins (after the Pacific Ocean, but larger than the Indian Ocean, Southern Ocean, and Arctic Ocean). The Kiel Canal (Germany), Oresund (Denmark-Sweden), Bosporus (Turkey), Strait of Gibraltar (Morocco-Spain), and the Saint Lawrence Seaway (Canada-US) are important strategic access waterways. The decision by the International Hydrographic Organization in the spring of 2000 to delimit a fifth world ocean basin, the Southern Ocean, removed the portion of the Atlantic Ocean south of 60 degrees south latitude. For convenience and because of its immense size, the Atlantic Ocean is often divided at the Equator and designated as the North Atlantic Ocean and the South Atlantic Ocean.", "display": "The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's five ocean basins (after the Pacific Ocean, but larger than the Indian Ocean, Southern Ocean, and Arctic Ocean). The Kiel C…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2000 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "body of water between Africa, Europe, the Arctic Ocean, the Americas, and the Southern Ocean", "display": "body of water between Africa, Europe, the Arctic Ocean, the Americas, and the Southern Ocean", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Map of the world oceans", "display": "Map of the world oceans", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 85.133 million sq km | note: includes Baffin Bay, Baltic Sea, Black Sea, Caribbean Sea, Davis Strait, Denmark Strait, part of the Drake Passage, Hudson Bay, Hudson Strait, Gulf of America, Labrador Sea, Mediterranean Sea, North Sea, almost all of the Scotia Sea, and other tributary water bodies", "display": "total : 85.133 million sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "111,866 km", "display": "111,866 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical cyclones (hurricanes) develop off the coast of Africa near Cabo Verde and move westward into the Caribbean Sea; hurricanes can occur from May to December but are most frequent from August to November", "display": "tropical cyclones (hurricanes) develop off the coast of Africa near Cabo Verde and move westward into the Caribbean Sea; hurricanes can occur from May to December but are most fre…", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: sea level | lowest point: Puerto Rico Trench -8,605 m | mean depth: -3,646 m | ocean zones: the ocean is divided into three zones based on depth and light level; sunlight entering the water may travel about 1,000 m into the oceans under the right conditions, but there is rarely any significant light below 200 m | euphotic zone : the upper 200 m (656 ft) is also called \"sunlight\" zone; only a small amount of light penetrates beyond this depth | dysphotic zone : between 200 m (656 ft) and 1,000 m (3,280 ft), and also called the twilight zone; the intensity of light rapidly dissipates as depth increases, and photosynthesis is no longer possible | aphotic zone : below 1,000 m (3,280 ft) and also called the midnight zone; sunlight does not penetrate to these depths", "display": "highest point: sea level", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "icebergs common in Davis Strait, Denmark Strait, and the northwestern Atlantic Ocean from February to August and have been spotted as far south as Bermuda and the Madeira Islands; ships subject to superstructure icing in extreme northern Atlantic from October to May; persistent fog can be a maritime hazard from May to September; hurricanes (May to December)", "display": "icebergs common in Davis Strait, Denmark Strait, and the northwestern Atlantic Ocean from February to August and have been spotted as far south as Bermuda and the Madeira Islands;…", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals (seals and whales), sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules, precious stones", "display": "oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals (seals and whales), sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules, precious stones", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "etymology: name derives from the ancient Greek description of the waters beyond the Strait of Gibraltar, Atlantis thalassa , meaning \"Sea of Atlas\"", "display": "etymology: name derives from the ancient Greek description of the waters beyond the Strait of Gibraltar, Atlantis thalassa , meaning \"Sea of Atlas\"", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "endangered marine species; fishery issues (over-fishing, unregulated bottom trawling, drift-net fishing, discards, catch of non-target species); pollution (maritime transport, discharges, offshore drilling, oil spills, improperly disposed waste); municipal sludge pollution off eastern US, southern Brazil, and eastern Argentina; oil pollution in Caribbean Sea, Gulf of America, Lake Maracaibo, Mediterranean Sea, and North Sea; industrial waste and municipal sewage pollution in Baltic Sea, North Sea, and Mediterranean Sea", "display": "endangered marine species; fishery issues (over-fishing, unregulated bottom trawling, drift-net fishing, discards, catch of non-target species); pollution (maritime transport, dis…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/atlantic-ocean.json" }, { "entity_id": "australia", "name": "Australia", "source_code": "AU", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Oceania", "roadmap_country": "Australia", "coverage_region": "Oceania", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 155, "published_fact_count": 51, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 27490921.0, "area_sq_km": 7741220.0, "capital": "Canberra", "government_type": "federal parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm", "life_expectancy_years": 83.5, "urban_population_percent": 86.6, "internet_users_percent": 97.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 60100.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Aboriginal Australians arrived on the continent at least 60,000 years ago and developed complex hunter-gatherer societies and oral histories. Dutch navigators led by Abel TASMAN were the first Europeans to land in Australia in 1606, and they mapped the western and northern coasts. They named the continent New Holland but made no attempts to permanently settle it. In 1770, Englishman James COOK sailed to the east coast of Australia, named it New South Wales, and claimed it for Great Britain. In 1788 and 1825 respectively, Great Britain established New South Wales and then Tasmania as penal colonies. Great Britain and Ireland sent more than 150,000 convicts to Australia before ending the practice in 1868. As Europeans began settling areas away from the coasts, they came into more direct contact with Aboriginal Australians. Europeans also cleared land for agriculture, impacting Aboriginal Australians’ ways of life. These issues, along with disease and a policy in the 1900s that forcefully removed Aboriginal children from their parents, reduced the Aboriginal Australian population from more than 700,000 pre-European contact to a low of 74,000 in 1933. | Four additional colonies were established in Australia in the mid-1800s: Western Australia (1829), South Australia (1836), Victoria (1851), and Queensland (1859). Gold rushes beginning in the 1850s brought thousands of new immigrants to New South Wales and Victoria, helping to reorient Australia away from its penal colony roots. In the second half of the 1800s, the colonies were all gradually granted self-government, and in 1901, they federated and became the Commonwealth of Australia. Australia contributed more than 400,000 troops to Allied efforts during World War I, and Australian troops played a large role in the defeat of Japanese troops in the Pacific in World War II. Australia severed most constitutional links with the UK in 1942 but remained part of the British Commonwealth. Australia’s post-war economy boomed and by the 1970s, racial policies that prevented most non-Whites from immigrating to Australia were removed, greatly increasing Asian immigration to the country. In recent decades, Australia has become an internationally competitive, advanced market economy due in large part to economic reforms adopted in the 1980s and its proximity to East and Southeast Asia. | In the early 2000s, Australian politics became unstable with frequent attempts to oust party leaders, including five changes of prime minister between 2010 and 2018. As a result, both major parties instituted rules to make it harder to remove a party leader.", "display": "Aboriginal Australians arrived on the continent at least 60,000 years ago and developed complex hunter-gatherer societies and oral histories. Dutch navigators led by Abel TASMAN w…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1933 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Oceania, continent between the Indian Ocean and the South Pacific Ocean", "display": "Oceania, continent between the Indian Ocean and the South Pacific Ocean", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Oceania", "display": "Oceania", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 7,741,220 sq km | land: 7,682,300 sq km | water: 58,920 sq km | note: includes Lord Howe Island and Macquarie Island", "display": "total : 7,741,220 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 7741220.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "25,760 km", "display": "25,760 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly low plateau with deserts; fertile plain in southeast", "display": "mostly low plateau with deserts; fertile plain in southeast", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "generally arid to semiarid; temperate in south and east; tropical in north", "display": "generally arid to semiarid; temperate in south and east; tropical in north", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Mount Kosciuszko 2,228 m | lowest point: Lake Eyre -15 m | mean elevation: 330 m", "display": "highest point: Mount Kosciuszko 2,228 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "cyclones along the coast; severe droughts; forest fires | volcanism: volcanic activity on Heard and McDonald Islands", "display": "cyclones along the coast; severe droughts; forest fires", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "alumina, coal, iron ore, copper, lithium, tin, gold, silver, uranium, nickel, tungsten, rare earth elements, mineral sands, lead, zinc, diamonds, opals, natural gas, petroleum | note 1: Australia is the world's largest net exporter of coal accounting for 26.5% of global coal exports in 2021; coal is the country’s most abundant energy resource, and coal ranks as the second-largest export commodity from Australia in terms of revenue; in 2020, Australia held the third-largest recoverable coal reserves in the world behind the United States and Russia | note 2: Australia is by far the world's largest supplier of opals | note 3: Australia holds the largest uranium reserves in the world and was the second-largest global uranium producer behind Kazakhstan in 2020 | note 4: Australia was the largest exporter of LNG in the world in 2020", "display": "alumina, coal, iron ore, copper, lithium, tin, gold, silver, uranium, nickel, tungsten, rare earth elements, mineral sands, lead, zinc, diamonds, opals, natural gas, petroleum", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "population is primarily located on the periphery, with the highest concentration of people residing in the east and southeast; a secondary population center is located in and around Perth in the west; of the states and territories, New South Wales has, by far, the largest population; the interior, or \"outback,\" has a very sparse population", "display": "population is primarily located on the periphery, with the highest concentration of people residing in the east and southeast; a secondary population center is located in and arou…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 27,490,921 (2025 est.) | male: 13,685,935 | female: 13,804,986", "display": "total: 27,490,921 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 27490921.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.59% (2025 est.)", "display": "1.59% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0159, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 86.6% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 1.27% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) | note: data include Christmas Island, Cocos Islands, and Norfolk Island", "display": "urban population: 86.6% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "English 72%, Mandarin 2.7%, Arabic 1.4%, Vietnamese 1.3%, Cantonese 1.2%, other 15.7%, unspecified 5.7% (2021 est.) | note: data represent language spoken at home", "display": "English 72%, Mandarin 2.7%, 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"lens": "people", "content": "total population: 83.5 years (2024 est.) | male: 81.3 years | female: 85.7 years", "display": "total population: 83.5 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 83.5, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 38.5 years (2025 est.) | male: 36.9 years | female: 39.2 years", "display": "total: 38.5 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "5.235 million Melbourne, 5.121 million Sydney, 2.505 million Brisbane, 2.118 million Perth, 1.367 million Adelaide, 472,000 CANBERRA (capital) (2023)", "display": "5.235 million Melbourne, 5.121 million Sydney, 2.505 million Brisbane, 2.118 million Perth, 1.367 million Adelaide, 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petroleum, cars, trucks, broadcasting equipment, garments (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 97% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 97% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.97, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 9.63 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 36 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 9.63 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 9630000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification 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"display": "223.158 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "2,257 (2025)", "display": "2,257 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 66 (2024) | large: 5 | medium: 8 | small: 24 | very small: 29 | ports with oil terminals: 38 | key ports: Brisbane, Dampier, Darwin, Fremantle, Geelong, Hobart, Melbourne, Newcastle, Port Adelaide, Port Dalrymple, Port Kembla, Port Lincoln, Sydney", "display": "total ports: 66 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 32,606 km (2022) 3,448 km electrified | standard gauge: 18,007 km (2022) 1.435 mm | narrow gauge: 11,914 km (2022) 1.067 mm | broad gauge: 2,685 km (2022) 1.600 mm", "display": "total: 32,606 km (2022) 3,448 km electrified", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 604 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 2, general cargo 76, oil tanker 6, other 520", "display": "total: 604 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "soil erosion from overgrazing, deforestation, industrial development, urbanization, and poor farming practices; limited natural freshwater resources; soil salinity from use of poor-quality water, drought, desertification; habitat loss from agricultural clearing; floral extinctions; Great Barrier Reef preservation; overfishing; pollution; invasive species", "display": "soil erosion from overgrazing, deforestation, industrial development, urbanization, and poor farming practices; limited natural freshwater resources; soil salinity from use of poo…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "394.653 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 146.81 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 154.346 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 93.497 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "394.653 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "492 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "492 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 2.43 billion cubic meters (2022) | industrial: 3.11 billion cubic meters (2022) | agricultural: 11.19 billion cubic meters (2022)", "display": "municipal: 2.43 billion cubic meters (2022)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Cl…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/australia.json" }, { "entity_id": "austria", "name": "Austria", "source_code": "AT", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Europe", 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Nazi Germany annexed Austria in 1938, and the victorious Allies then occupied the country in 1945. As a result, Austria's status remained unclear for a decade after World War II, until a State Treaty signed in 1955 ended the occupation, recognized Austria's independence, and forbade unification with Germany. A constitutional law that same year declared the country's \"perpetual neutrality\" as a condition for Soviet military withdrawal. Austria joined the EU in 1995, but the obligation to remain neutral kept it from joining NATO, although the country became a member of NATO's Partnership for Peace program in 1995. Austria entered the EU Economic and Monetary Union in 1999.", "display": "Once the center of power for the large Austro-Hungarian Empire, Austria was reduced to a small republic after its defeat in World War I. Nazi Germany annexed Austria in 1938, and…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1938 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Central Europe, north of Italy and Slovenia", "display": "Central Europe, north of Italy and Slovenia", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Europe", "display": "Europe", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 83,871 sq km | land: 82,445 sq km | water: 1,426 sq km", "display": "total : 83,871 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 83871.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "0 km (landlocked)", "display": "0 km (landlocked)", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly mountains (Alps) in the west and south; 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"People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 82.7 years (2024 est.) | male: 80.1 years | female: 85.4 years", "display": "total population: 82.7 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 82.7, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 44.5 years (2025 est.) | male: 43.6 years | female: 46.3 years", "display": "total: 44.5 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.975 million VIENNA (capital) (2023)", "display": "1.975 million VIENNA (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School 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"content": "civil law system; Constitutional Court reviews legislative acts", "display": "civil law system; Constitutional Court reviews legislative acts", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: several previous; latest adopted 1 October 1920, revised 1929, replaced May 1934, replaced by German Weimar constitution in 1938 following German annexation, reinstated 1 May 1945 | amendment process: proposed through laws designated \"constitutional laws\" or through the constitutional process if the amendment is part of another law; approval required by at least a two-thirds majority vote by the National Assembly and the presence of one-half of the members; a referendum is required only if requested by one-third of the National Council or Federal Council membership; passage by referendum requires absolute majority vote", 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"label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "milk, sugar beets, maize, wheat, barley, potatoes, pork, grapes, triticale, soybeans (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "milk, sugar beets, maize, wheat, barley, potatoes, pork, grapes, triticale, soybeans (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "cars, packaged medicine, vaccines, vehicle parts/accessories, nitrogen compounds (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "cars, packaged medicine, vaccines, vehicle parts/accessories, nitrogen compounds (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "cars, garments, vaccines, vehicle parts/accessories, refined petroleum (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "cars, garments, vaccines, vehicle parts/accessories, refined petroleum (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 95% (2024 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 95% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.95, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 2.71 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 30 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 2.71 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 2710000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 14.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 11.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 56.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 7.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 14.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "120.211 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "120.211 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "62 (2025)", "display": "62 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 6,123 km (2022) 3,523 km electrified", "display": "total: 6,123 km (2022) 3,523 km electrified", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 1 (2023) | by type: other 1", "display": "total: 1 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "some forest degradation from air and soil pollution; soil pollution from agricultural chemicals; air pollution from coal- and oil-fired power stations and industrial plants, and from trucks transiting Austria; water pollution", "display": "some forest degradation from air and soil pollution; soil pollution from agricultural chemicals; air pollution from coal- and oil-fired power stations and industrial plants, and f…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "56.959 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 10.527 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 33.036 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 13.397 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "56.959 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "77.7 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "77.7 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 34.36 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 2.21 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 124 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 34.36 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Antarctic-Environmental Protection", "display": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/austria.json" }, { "entity_id": "azerbaijan", "name": "Azerbaijan", "source_code": "AZ", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Asia", "roadmap_country": "Azerbaijan", "coverage_region": "Asia", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 146, "published_fact_count": 51, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 10694370.0, "area_sq_km": 86600.0, "capital": "Baku (Baki, Baky)", "government_type": "presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 75.9, "urban_population_percent": 57.6, "internet_users_percent": 89.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 22100.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": true }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Azerbaijan -- a secular nation with a majority-Turkic and majority-Shia Muslim population -- was briefly independent (from 1918 to 1920) following the collapse of the Russian Empire; it was subsequently incorporated into the Soviet Union for seven decades. | Beginning in 1988, Azerbaijan and Armenia fought over the Nagorno-Karabakh region, which was populated largely by ethnic Armenians but incorporated into Soviet Azerbaijan as an autonomous oblast in the early 1920s. In the late Soviet period, an ethnic-Armenian separatist movement sought to end Azerbaijani control over the region. Fighting over Nagorno-Karabakh escalated after Armenia and Azerbaijan gained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. By the time a ceasefire took effect in 1994, separatists with Armenian support controlled Nagorno‑Karabakh and seven surrounding Azerbaijani territories. After decades of cease-fire violations and sporadic flare-ups, a second sustained conflict began in 2020 when Azerbaijan tried to win back the territories it had lost in the 1990s. After significant Azerbaijani gains, Armenia returned the southern part of Nagorno-Karabakh and the surrounding territories to Azerbaijan. I n September 2023, Azerbaijan took military action to regain the rest of Nagorno-Karabakh; a fter a conflict that lasted only one day, n early the entire ethnic Armenian population of Nagorno-Karabakh fled to Armenia. | Since gaining its independence in 1991, Azerbaijan has significantly reduced the poverty rate and has directed some revenue from its oil and gas production to develop the country’s infrastructure. However, corruption remains a burden on the economy, and Western observers and members of the country’s political opposition have accused the government of authoritarianism. The country’s leadership has remained in the ALIYEV family since Heydar ALIYEV, the most highly ranked Azerbaijani member of the Communist Party during the Soviet period, became president during the first Nagorno-Karabakh War in 1993.", "display": "Azerbaijan -- a secular nation with a majority-Turkic and majority-Shia Muslim population -- was briefly independent (from 1918 to 1920) following the collapse of the Russian Empi…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1918 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southwestern Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Russia, with a small European portion north of the Caucasus range", "display": "Southwestern Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Russia, with a small European portion north of the Caucasus range", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Asia", "display": "Asia", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 86,600 sq km | land: 82,629 sq km | water: 3,971 sq km | note: includes the exclave of Naxcivan Autonomous Republic and the Nagorno-Karabakh region; the final status of the region has yet to be determined", "display": "total : 86,600 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 86600.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "0 km (landlocked) | note: Azerbaijan borders the Caspian Sea (713 km)", "display": "0 km (landlocked)", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "large, flat Kur-Araz Ovaligi (Kura-Araks Lowland, much of it below sea level) with Great Caucasus Mountains to the north, Qarabag Yaylasi (Karabakh Upland) to the west; Baku lies on Abseron Yasaqligi (Apsheron Peninsula) that juts into Caspian Sea", "display": "large, flat Kur-Araz Ovaligi (Kura-Araks Lowland, much of it below sea level) with Great Caucasus Mountains to the north, Qarabag Yaylasi (Karabakh Upland) to the west; Baku lies…", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "dry, semiarid steppe", "display": "dry, semiarid steppe", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Bazarduzu Dagi 4,466 m | lowest point: Caspian Sea -28 m | mean elevation: 384 m", "display": "highest point: Bazarduzu Dagi 4,466 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "droughts", "display": "droughts", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, nonferrous metals, bauxite", "display": "petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, nonferrous metals, bauxite", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest population density is found in the far eastern area of the country, in and around Baku; apart from smaller urbanized areas, the rest of the country has a fairly light and evenly distributed population", "display": "highest population density is found in the far eastern area of the country, in and around Baku; apart from smaller urbanized areas, the rest of the country has a fairly light and…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 10,694,370 (2025 est.) | male: 5,354,376 | female: 5,339,994", "display": "total: 10,694,370 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 10694370.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.4% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.4% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.004, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 57.6% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 1.38% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) | note: data include Nagorno-Karabakh", "display": "urban population: 57.6% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Azerbaijani 96.1%, other 1.4%; less than 1%: Russian, Avar, Talyshi, Turkish, Tatar, Sakhur, Tat, Ukrainian, Georgian, Hebrew (2019 est.) | major-language sample(s): | Dünya fakt kitabı, əsas məlumatlar üçün əvəz olunmaz mənbədir (Azerbaijani) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. | note: Russian is widely spoken", "display": "Azerbaijani 96.1%, other 1.4%; less than 1%: Russian, Avar, Talyshi, Turkish, Tatar, Sakhur, Tat, Ukrainian, Georgian, Hebrew (2019 est.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2019 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Muslim 97.3% (predominantly Shia), Christian 2.6%, other <0.1, unaffiliated <0.1 (2020 est.) | note: religious affiliation for the majority of Azerbaijanis is largely nominal, percentages for actual practicing adherents are probably much lower", "display": "Muslim 97.3% (predominantly Shia), Christian 2.6%, other <0.1, unaffiliated <0.1 (2020 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 75.9 years (2024 est.) | male: 73.5 years | female: 78.6 years", "display": "total population: 75.9 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 75.9, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 34.8 years (2025 est.) | male: 32.8 years | female: 36 years", "display": "total: 34.8 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "2.432 million BAKU (capital) (2023)", "display": "2.432 million BAKU (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 99.8% (2023 est.) | male: 99.8% (2023 est.) | female: 99.7% (2023 est.)", "display": "total population: 99.8% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 13 years (2023 est.) | male: 13 years (2023 est.) | female: 13 years (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 13 years (2023 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Azerbaijan | conventional short form: Azerbaijan | local long form: Azarbaycan Respublikasi | local short form: Azarbaycan | former: Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic | etymology: the name can be translated as \"Fire Keeper\" or \"The Land of Fire,\" from the local word azer , or \"fire,\" and baydjan , a word derived from the Iranian word baykan , or \"guardian;\" may refer to fire worshippers who lived in the region", "display": "conventional long form: Republic of Azerbaijan", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Baku (Baki, Baky) | geographic coordinates: 40 23 N, 49 52 E | time difference: UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: does not observe daylight savings time | etymology: the name may derive from the Old Persian word badkuba , meaning \"windward\" and referring to its windy location on the shore of the Caspian Sea | note: at approximately 28 m below sea level, Baku's elevation makes it the lowest capital city in the world", "display": "name: Baku (Baki, Baky)", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "presidential republic", "display": "presidential republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law system", "display": "civil law system", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: several previous; latest adopted 12 November 1995 | amendment process: proposed by the president of the republic or by at least 63 members of the National Assembly; passage requires at least 95 votes of Assembly members in two separate readings of the draft amendment six months apart and requires presidential approval after each of the two Assembly votes, followed by presidential signature; constitutional articles on the authority, sovereignty, and unity of the people cannot be amended", "display": "history: several previous; latest adopted 12 November 1995", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1995 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "66 districts ( rayonlar ; singular - rayon ), 11 cities (saharlar; sahar - singular) | districts: Abseron, Agcabadi, Agdam, Agdas, Agstafa, Agsu, Astara, Babak, Balakan, Barda, Beylaqan, Bilasuvar, Cabrayil, Calilabad, Culfa, Daskasan, Fuzuli, Gadabay, Goranboy, Goycay, Goygol, Haciqabul, Imisli, Ismayilli, Kalbacar, Kangarli, Kurdamir, Lacin, Lankaran, Lerik, Masalli, Neftcala, Oguz, Ordubad, Qabala, Qax, Qazax, Qobustan, Quba, Qubadli, Qusar, Saatli, Sabirabad, Sabran, Sadarak, Sahbuz, Saki, Salyan, Samaxi, Samkir, Samux, Sarur, Siyazan, Susa, Tartar, Tovuz, Ucar, Xacmaz, Xizi, Xocali, Xocavand, Yardimli, Yevlax, Zangilan, Zaqatala, Zardab | cities: Baku, Ganca, Lankaran, Mingacevir, Naftalan, Naxcivan (Nakhichevan), Saki, Sirvan, Sumqayit, Xankandi, Yevlax", "display": "66 districts ( rayonlar ; singular - rayon ), 11 cities (saharlar; sahar - singular)", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ADB, BSEC, CD, CE, CICA, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, FAO, GCTU, GUAM, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)", "display": "ADB, BSEC, CD, CE, CICA, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, FAO, GCTU, GUAM, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO,…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "upper-middle income, oil-dependent Caucasus economy; minimal economic diversification and dominance of state-owned enterprises; growth and fiscal consolidation supported by oil revenues, but risks remain from demand shocks; potential economic gains from Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire; education investments to diversify and retain human capital", "display": "upper-middle income, oil-dependent Caucasus economy; minimal economic diversification and dominance of state-owned enterprises; growth and fiscal consolidation supported by oil re…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$225.198 billion (2024 est.) | $216.388 billion (2023 est.) | $213.497 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$225.198 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 225.198, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$22,100 (2024 est.) | $21,300 (2023 est.) | $21,100 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$22,100 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 22100.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "4.1% (2024 est.) | 1.4% (2023 est.) | 4.7% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "4.1% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.2% (2024 est.) | 8.8% (2023 est.) | 13.9% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "2.2% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.022000000000000002, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "5.6% (2024 est.) | 5.7% (2023 est.) | 5.7% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "5.6% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.055999999999999994, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "petroleum and petroleum products, natural gas, oilfield equipment; steel, iron ore; cement; chemicals and petrochemicals; textiles", "display": "petroleum and petroleum products, natural gas, oilfield equipment; steel, iron ore; cement; chemicals and petrochemicals; textiles", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "milk, wheat, barley, potatoes, tomatoes, watermelons, onions, apples, maize, cotton (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "milk, wheat, barley, potatoes, tomatoes, watermelons, onions, apples, maize, cotton (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "crude petroleum, natural gas, refined petroleum, plastics, electricity (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "crude petroleum, natural gas, refined petroleum, plastics, electricity (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "cars, crude petroleum, refined petroleum, broadcasting equipment, garments (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "cars, crude petroleum, refined petroleum, broadcasting equipment, garments (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 89% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 89% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.89, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 2.15 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 21 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 2.15 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 2150000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 93.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 0.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 5.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 0.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 93.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "66.467 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "66.467 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "32 (2025)", "display": "32 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 2,944.3 km (2017) | broad gauge: 2,944.3 km (2017) 1.520-m gauge (approx. 1,767 km electrified)", "display": "total: 2,944.3 km (2017)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2017 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 312 (2023) | by type: general cargo 40, oil tanker 44, other 228", "display": "total: 312 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "severe air, soil, and water pollution; soil pollution from oil spills, pesticides, and toxic defoliants used in producing cotton; surface and underground water pollution from untreated municipal and industrial wastewater and agricultural run-off", "display": "severe air, soil, and water pollution; soil pollution from oil spills, pesticides, and toxic defoliants used in producing cotton; surface and underground water pollution from untr…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "38.892 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 17,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 13.954 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 24.921 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "38.892 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "34.675 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "34.675 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 408 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 598 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 11.962 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 408 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered S…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/azerbaijan.json" }, { "entity_id": "bahamas-the", "name": "Bahamas, The", "source_code": "BS", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Central America and the Caribbean", "roadmap_country": "Bahamas", "coverage_region": "Americas", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 135, "published_fact_count": 49, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 415306.0, "area_sq_km": 13880.0, "capital": "Nassau", "government_type": "parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm", "life_expectancy_years": 76.7, "urban_population_percent": 83.6, "internet_users_percent": 95.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 36200.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Lucayan Indians inhabited the Bahama islands when Christopher COLUMBUS first set foot in the New World in 1492. British settlement of the islands began in 1647; the islands became a colony in 1783. Piracy thrived in the 17th and 18th centuries because of The Bahamas' close proximity to shipping lanes. Since gaining independence from the UK in 1973, The Bahamas has prospered through tourism, international banking, and investment management, which comprise up to 85% of GDP. Because of its proximity to the US -- the nearest Bahamian landmass is only 80 km (50 mi) from Florida -- the country is a major transshipment point for illicit trafficking to the US mainland, as well as to Europe. US law enforcement agencies cooperate closely with The Bahamas; the Drug Enforcement Administration, US Coast Guard, and US Customs and Border Protection assist Bahamian authorities with maritime security and law enforcement through Operation Bahamas, Turks and Caicos, or OPBAT.", "display": "Lucayan Indians inhabited the Bahama islands when Christopher COLUMBUS first set foot in the New World in 1492. British settlement of the islands began in 1647; the islands became…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1973 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "chain of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, southeast of Florida, northeast of Cuba; note - although The Bahamas does not border the Caribbean Sea, geopolitically it is often designated as a Caribbean nation", "display": "chain of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, southeast of Florida, northeast of Cuba; note - although The Bahamas does not border the Caribbean Sea, geopolitically it is often de…", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Central America and the Caribbean", "display": "Central America and the Caribbean", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 13,880 sq km | land: 10,010 sq km | water: 3,870 sq km", "display": "total : 13,880 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 13880.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "3,542 km", "display": "3,542 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "long, flat coral formations with some low rounded hills", "display": "long, flat coral formations with some low rounded hills", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical marine; moderated by warm waters of Gulf Stream", "display": "tropical marine; moderated by warm waters of Gulf Stream", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: 1.3 km NE of Old Bight on Cat Island 64 m | lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m", "display": "highest point: 1.3 km NE of Old Bight on Cat Island 64 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "hurricanes and other tropical storms cause extensive flood and wind damage", "display": "hurricanes and other tropical storms cause extensive flood and wind damage", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "salt, aragonite, timber, arable land", "display": "salt, aragonite, timber, arable land", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "most of the population lives in urban areas, with two thirds living on New Providence Island where Nassau is located", "display": "most of the population lives in urban areas, with two thirds living on New Providence Island where Nassau is located", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 415,306 (2025 est.) | male: 192,055 | female: 223,251", "display": "total: 415,306 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 415306.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.08% (2025 est.)", "display": "1.08% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0108, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 83.6% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 1.02% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 83.6% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "English (official), Creole (among Haitian immigrants)", "display": "English (official), Creole (among Haitian immigrants)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Protestant 69.9% (includes Baptist 34.9%, Anglican 13.7%, Pentecostal 8.9% Seventh Day Adventist 4.4%, Methodist 3.6%, Church of God 1.9%, Plymouth Brethren 1.6%, other Protestant 0.9%), Roman Catholic 12%, other Christian 13% (includes Jehovah's Witness 1.1%), other 0.6%, none 1.9%, unspecified 2.6% (2010 est.)", "display": "Protestant 69.9% (includes Baptist 34.9%, Anglican 13.7%, Pentecostal 8.9% Seventh Day Adventist 4.4%, Methodist 3.6%, Church of God 1.9%, Plymouth Brethren 1.6%, other Protestant…", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2010 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 76.7 years (2024 est.) | male: 75.1 years | female: 78.4 years", "display": "total population: 76.7 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 76.7, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 31.1 years (2025 est.) | male: 30.6 years | female: 30.7 years", "display": "total: 31.1 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "280,000 NASSAU (capital) (2018)", "display": "280,000 NASSAU (capital) (2018)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Commonwealth of The Bahamas | conventional short form: The Bahamas | etymology: name may be derived from the Spanish baha mar , meaning \"low sea,\" which describes the shallow waters of the Bahama Banks; alternatively, it may be a form of the local name 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(2023 est.) | $13.653 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$14.544 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 14.544, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$36,200 (2024 est.) | $35,200 (2023 est.) | $34,300 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$36,200 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 36200.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3.4% (2024 est.) | 3% (2023 est.) | 10.9% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "3.4% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "0.4% (2024 est.) | 3.1% (2023 est.) | 5.6% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "0.4% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.004, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "8.5% (2024 est.) | 8.7% (2023 est.) | 9.3% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "8.5% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.085, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "tourism, banking, oil bunkering, maritime industries, transshipment and logistics, salt, aragonite, pharmaceuticals", "display": "tourism, banking, oil bunkering, maritime industries, transshipment and logistics, salt, aragonite, pharmaceuticals", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "sugarcane, grapefruits, vegetables, bananas, tomatoes, chicken, tropical fruits, oranges, coconuts, mangoes/guavas (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "sugarcane, grapefruits, vegetables, bananas, tomatoes, chicken, tropical fruits, oranges, coconuts, mangoes/guavas (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, ships, aluminum, shellfish, plastics (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, ships, aluminum, shellfish, plastics (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, ships, aircraft, cars, crude petroleum (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, ships, aircraft, cars, crude petroleum (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 95% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 95% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.95, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 95,000 (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 24 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 95,000 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 95000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 99.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 0.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 99.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "104.409 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "104.409 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "54 (2025)", "display": "54 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 6 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 1 | small: 1 | very small: 4 | ports with oil terminals: 4 | key ports: Clifton Pier, Cockburn Town, Freeport, Matthew Town, Nassau, South Riding Point", "display": "total ports: 6 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 1,274 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 345, container ship 39, general cargo 58, oil tanker 193, other 639", "display": "total: 1,274 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "coral reef decay; solid waste disposal", "display": "coral reef decay; solid waste disposal", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "2.99 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 2,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 2.966 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 23,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "2.99 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "700 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "700 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 31 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 31 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardo…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/bahamas-the.json" }, { "entity_id": "bahrain", "name": "Bahrain", "source_code": "BH", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Middle East", "roadmap_country": "Bahrain", "coverage_region": "Asia", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 145, "published_fact_count": 51, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 1566888.0, "area_sq_km": 760.0, "capital": "Manama", "government_type": "constitutional monarchy", "life_expectancy_years": 80.4, "urban_population_percent": 89.9, "internet_users_percent": 100.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 59100.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "In 1783, the Sunni AL-KHALIFA family took power in Bahrain. In order to secure these holdings, it entered into a series of treaties with the UK during the 19th century that made Bahrain a British protectorate. The archipelago attained its independence in 1971. A steady decline in oil production and reserves since 1970 prompted Bahrain to take steps to diversify its economy, in the process developing petroleum processing and refining, aluminum production, and hospitality and retail sectors. It has also endeavored to become a leading regional banking center, especially with respect to Islamic finance. Bahrain's small size, central location among Gulf countries, economic dependence on Saudi Arabia, and proximity to Iran require it to play a delicate balancing act in foreign affairs among its larger neighbors. Its foreign policy activities usually fall in line with Saudi Arabia and the UAE. In 2022, the United States designated Bahrain as a major non-NATO ally. | The Sunni royal family has long struggled to manage relations with its Shia-majority population. In 2011, amid Arab uprisings elsewhere in the region, the Bahraini Government responded to similar pro-democracy and reform protests at home with police and military action, including deploying Gulf Cooperation Council security forces. Ongoing dissatisfaction with the political status quo continues to factor into sporadic clashes between demonstrators and security forces. In 2020, Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates signed the US-brokered Abraham Accords with Israel. In 2023, Bahrain and the United States signed the Comprehensive Security Integration and Prosperity Agreement to enhance cooperation across a wide range of areas, from defense and security to emerging technology, trade, and investment.", "display": "In 1783, the Sunni AL-KHALIFA family took power in Bahrain. In order to secure these holdings, it entered into a series of treaties with the UK during the 19th century that made B…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1971 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Middle East, archipelago in the Persian Gulf, east of Saudi Arabia", "display": "Middle East, archipelago in the Persian Gulf, east of Saudi Arabia", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Middle East", "display": "Middle East", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 760 sq km | land: 760 sq km | water: 0 sq km", "display": "total : 760 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 760.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "161 km", "display": "161 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly low desert plain rising gently to low central escarpment", "display": "mostly low desert plain rising gently to low central escarpment", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers", "display": "arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Jabal ad Dukhan 135 m | lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m", "display": "highest point: Jabal ad Dukhan 135 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "periodic droughts; dust storms", "display": "periodic droughts; dust storms", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "oil, associated and nonassociated natural gas, fish, pearls", "display": "oil, associated and nonassociated natural gas, fish, pearls", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "smallest population of the Gulf States, but urbanization rate exceeds 90%; largest settlement concentration is found on the far northern end of the island in and around Manamah and Al Muharraq", "display": "smallest population of the Gulf States, but urbanization rate exceeds 90%; largest settlement concentration is found on the far northern end of the island in and around Manamah an…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 1,566,888 (2024 est.) | male: 940,022 | female: 626,866", "display": "total: 1,566,888 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 1566888.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.79% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.79% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0079, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 89.9% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 1.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 89.9% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Arabic (official), English, Farsi, Urdu | major-language sample(s): | كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Arabic (official), English, Farsi, Urdu", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Muslim 74.2%, other 25.9% (2020 est)", "display": "Muslim 74.2%, other 25.9% (2020 est)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 80.4 years (2024 est.) | male: 78.1 years | female: 82.7 years", "display": "total population: 80.4 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 80.4, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 33.5 years (2025 est.) | male: 34.6 years | female: 31.2 years", "display": "total: 33.5 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "709,000 MANAMA (capital) (2023)", "display": "709,000 MANAMA (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 97.8% (2024 est.) | male: 98.7% (2024 est.) | female: 96.3% (2024 est.)", "display": "total population: 97.8% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 16 years (2023 est.) | male: 15 years (2023 est.) | female: 17 years (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 16 years (2023 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Kingdom of Bahrain | conventional short form: Bahrain | local long form: Mamlakat al Bahrayn | local short form: Al Bahrayn | former: Dilmun, Tylos, Awal, Mishmahig, Bahrayn, State of Bahrain | etymology: the name means \"the two seas\" in Arabic and refers to the water bodies on each side of the archipelago", "display": "conventional long form: Kingdom of Bahrain", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Manama | geographic coordinates: 26 14 N, 50 34 E | time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: name derives from the Arabic word al-manama , meaning \"place of rest\" or \"place of dreams\"", "display": "name: Manama", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "constitutional monarchy", "display": "constitutional monarchy", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "mixed legal system of Islamic (sharia) law, English common law, Egyptian civil, criminal, and commercial codes; customary law", "display": "mixed legal system of Islamic (sharia) law, English common law, Egyptian civil, criminal, and commercial codes; customary law", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: previous 1973; latest adopted 14 February 2002, entry into force 14 February 2002 | amendment process: proposed by the king or by at least 15 members of either chamber of the National Assembly followed by submission to an Assembly committee for review and, if approved, submitted to the government for restatement as drafts; passage requires a two-thirds majority vote by the membership of both chambers and validation by the king; constitutional articles on the state religion (Islam), state language (Arabic), and the monarchy and \"inherited rule\" cannot be amended", "display": "history: previous 1973; latest adopted 14 February 2002, entry into force 14 February 2002", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1973 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "4 governorates ( muhafazat , singular - muhafazah ); Asimah (Capital), Janubiyah (Southern), Muharraq, Shamaliyah (Northern)", "display": "4 governorates ( muhafazat , singular - muhafazah ); Asimah (Capital), Janubiyah (Southern), Muharraq, Shamaliyah (Northern)", 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"Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "high-income, growing Middle Eastern island economy; oil and aluminum exporter with diversification led by services, construction and manufacturing; regional finance and tourism hub; high public debt linked to oil revenue dependence and limited tax base; vulnerable to water reservoir depletion", "display": "high-income, growing Middle Eastern island economy; oil and aluminum exporter with diversification led by services, construction and manufacturing; regional finance and tourism hu…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$93.937 billion (2024 est.) | $91.185 billion (2023 est.) | $87.781 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$93.937 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 93.937, "estimate_year": 2024 }, 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"category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "lamb/mutton, dates, milk, tomatoes, chicken, eggs, sheep offal, sheepskins, eggplants, chillies/peppers (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "lamb/mutton, dates, milk, tomatoes, chicken, eggs, sheep offal, sheepskins, eggplants, chillies/peppers (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, aluminum, iron ore, aluminum wire, jewelry (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, aluminum, iron ore, aluminum wire, jewelry (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "iron ore, aluminum oxide, ships, cars, gold (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "iron ore, aluminum oxide, ships, cars, gold (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 100% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 100% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 1.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 268,000 (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 17 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 268,000 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 268000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 99.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 99.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "554.202 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "554.202 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "3 (2025)", "display": "3 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 4 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 3 | small: 1 | very small: 0 | ports with oil terminals: 1 | key ports: Al Manamah, Khalifa Bin Salman, Mina Salman, Sitrah", "display": "total ports: 4 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 184 (2023) | by type: general cargo 12, oil tanker 3, other 169", "display": "total: 184 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "desertification; drought; coastal degradation from oil spills and other discharges from large tankers, oil refineries, and distribution stations; lack of freshwater resources; saline contamination from lowered water table", "display": "desertification; drought; coastal degradation from oil spills and other discharges from large tankers, oil refineries, and distribution stations; lack of freshwater resources; sal…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "47.818 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: -1,401 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 8.825 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 38.995 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "47.818 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "116 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "116 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 275.6 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 14.1 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 144.7 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 275.6 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardo…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/bahrain.json" }, { "entity_id": "bangladesh", "name": "Bangladesh", "source_code": "BD", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Asia", "roadmap_country": "Bangladesh", "coverage_region": "Asia", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 154, "published_fact_count": 51, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 174370536.0, "area_sq_km": 148460.0, "capital": "Dhaka", "government_type": "parliamentary republic", "life_expectancy_years": 75.2, "urban_population_percent": 40.5, "internet_users_percent": 45.0, "electricity_access_percent": 99.4, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 8500.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "The huge delta region at the confluence of the Ganges and Brahmaputra River systems -- now referred to as Bangladesh -- was a loosely incorporated outpost of various empires for much of the first millennium A.D. Muslim conversions and settlement in the region began in the 10th century, primarily from Arab and Persian traders and preachers. Europeans established trading posts in the area in the 16th century. Eventually the area known as Bengal, which is primarily Hindu in the western section and mostly Muslim in the eastern half, became part of British India. After the partition of India in 1947, the Muslim-majority area became East Pakistan. Calls for greater autonomy and animosity between the eastern and western areas of Pakistan led to a Bengali independence movement. That movement, led by the Awami League (AL) and supported by India, won the independence war for Bangladesh in 1971. | The military overthrew the post-independence AL government in 1975, the first of a series of military coups that resulted in a military-backed government and the subsequent creation of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) that took power in 1979. That government also ended in a coup in 1981, followed by military-backed rule until democratic elections were held in 1991. The BNP and AL alternated in power from 1991 to 2008, with the exception of a military-backed, emergency caretaker regime in 2007. The country returned to fully democratic rule in 2008 with the election of the AL and Prime Minister Sheikh HASINA. With the help of international development assistance, Bangladesh is on track to graduate from the UN’s Least Developed Countries (LDC) list in 2026. | The economy has grown at an annual average of about 6.25% for the last two decades. Poverty declined from 11.8 percent in 2010 to 5.0 percent in 2022, based on the international poverty line of $2.15 a day (using 2017 Purchasing Power Parity exchange rate). The country made a rapid recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic, but still faces economic challenges.", "display": "The huge delta region at the confluence of the Ganges and Brahmaputra River systems -- now referred to as Bangladesh -- was a loosely incorporated outpost of various empires for m…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1947 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southern Asia, bordering the Bay of Bengal, between Burma and India", "display": "Southern Asia, bordering the Bay of Bengal, between Burma and India", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Asia", "display": "Asia", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 148,460 sq km | land: 130,170 sq km | water: 18,290 sq km", "display": "total : 148,460 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 148460.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "580 km", "display": "580 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly flat alluvial plain; hilly in southeast", "display": "mostly flat alluvial plain; hilly in southeast", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical; mild winter (October to March); hot, humid summer (March to June); humid, warm rainy monsoon (June to October)", "display": "tropical; mild winter (October to March); hot, humid summer (March to June); humid, warm rainy monsoon (June to October)", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Mowdok Taung 1,060 m | lowest point: Bay of Bengal 0 m | mean elevation: 85 m", "display": "highest point: Mowdok Taung 1,060 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "droughts; cyclones; much of the country routinely inundated during the summer monsoon season", "display": "droughts; cyclones; much of the country routinely inundated during the summer monsoon season", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "natural gas, arable land, timber, coal", "display": "natural gas, arable land, timber, coal", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 174,370,536 (2025 est.) | male: 83,908,720 | female: 90,461,816", "display": "total: 174,370,536 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 174370536.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.91% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.91% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0091, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 40.5% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 2.88% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 40.5% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Bangla 98.8% (official, also known as Bengali), other 1.2% (2011 est.) | major-language sample(s): | বিশ্ব ফ্যাক্টবুক, মৌলিক তথ্যের অপরিহার্য উৎস (Bangla) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Bangla 98.8% (official, also known as Bengali), other 1.2% (2011 est.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2011 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Muslim 91%, Hindu 8%, other 1% (2022 est.)", "display": "Muslim 91%, Hindu 8%, other 1% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 75.2 years (2024 est.) | male: 73.1 years | female: 77.5 years", "display": "total population: 75.2 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 75.2, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 27.8 years (2025 est.) | male: 28.7 years | female: 30.4 years", "display": "total: 27.8 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "23.210 million DHAKA (capital), 5.380 million Chittagong, 955,000 Khulna, 962,000 Rajshahi, 964,000 Sylhet, 906,000 Bogra (2023)", "display": "23.210 million DHAKA (capital), 5.380 million Chittagong, 955,000 Khulna, 962,000 Rajshahi, 964,000 Sylhet, 906,000 Bogra (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 79% (2022 est.) | male: 81.4% (2022 est.) | female: 76.5% (2022 est.)", "display": "total population: 79% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 11 years (2023 est.) | male: 11 years (2023 est.) | female: 12 years (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 11 years (2023 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: People's Republic of Bangladesh | conventional short form: Bangladesh | local long form: Gana Prajatantri Bangladesh | local short form: Bangladesh | former: East Bengal, East Pakistan | etymology: the name is a compound of the Bengali words Bangla (Bengali) and desh (country)", "display": "conventional long form: People's Republic of Bangladesh", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Dhaka | geographic coordinates: 23 43 N, 90 24 E | time difference: UTC+6 (11 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: the origins of the name are unclear, but it may be derived from either the dhak tree or Dhakeshwari, a goddess with a shrine in the city", "display": "name: Dhaka", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary republic", "display": "parliamentary republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "common law, incorporating elements of English common law; since independence, statutory law has been the primary form of legislation; Islamic law applies to Muslims in family and inheritance laws, with Hindu personal law applying to Hindus and Buddhists", "display": "common law, incorporating elements of English common law; since independence, statutory law has been the primary form of legislation; Islamic law applies to Muslims in family and…", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: previous 1935, 1956, 1962 (pre-independence); latest enacted 4 November 1972, effective 16 December 1972, suspended March 1982, restored November 1986 | amendment process: proposed by the House of the Nation; approval requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the House membership and assent of the president of the republic", "display": "history: previous 1935, 1956, 1962 (pre-independence); latest enacted 4 November 1972, effective 16 December 1972, suspended March 1982, restored November 1986", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1935 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "8 divisions; Barishal, Chattogram, Dhaka, Khulna, Mymensingh, Rajshahi, Rangpur, Sylhet", "display": "8 divisions; Barishal, Chattogram, Dhaka, Khulna, Mymensingh, Rajshahi, Rangpur, Sylhet", "source_field": "Administrative 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"label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "one of the fastest growing emerging market economies; strong economic rebound following COVID-19; significant poverty reduction; exports dominated by textile industry; weakened exports and remittances resulted in declining foreign exchange reserves and 2022 IMF loan request", "display": "one of the fastest growing emerging market economies; strong economic rebound following COVID-19; significant poverty reduction; exports dominated by textile industry; weakened ex…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$1.473 trillion (2024 est.) | $1.413 trillion (2023 est.) | $1.336 trillion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$1.473 trillion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 1473.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$8,500 (2024 est.) | $8,200 (2023 est.) | $7,900 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$8,500 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 8500.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "4.2% (2024 est.) | 5.8% (2023 est.) | 7.1% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "4.2% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "10.5% (2024 est.) | 9.9% (2023 est.) | 7.7% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "10.5% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.105, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "4.7% (2024 est.) | 4.5% (2023 est.) | 4.6% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "4.7% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.047, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "cotton, textiles and clothing, jute, tea, paper, cement, fertilizer, sugar, light engineering", "display": "cotton, textiles and clothing, jute, tea, paper, cement, fertilizer, sugar, light engineering", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "rice, milk, potatoes, maize, sugarcane, onions, jute, 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dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, cotton fabric, natural gas, cotton, fabric (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 45% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 45% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.45, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 12.9 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 8 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 12.9 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 12900000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 99.4% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 100% | electrification - rural areas: 99.3%", "display": "electrification - total population: 99.4% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 98.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 0.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 98.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "11.472 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "11.472 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "17 (2025)", "display": "17 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 2 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 1 | small: 1 | very small: 0 | ports with oil terminals: 0 | key ports: Chittagong, Mongla", "display": "total ports: 2 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 2,460 km (2014) | narrow gauge: 1,801 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge | broad gauge: 659 km (2014) 1.676-m gauge", "display": "total: 2,460 km (2014)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2014 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 558 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 68, container ship 10, general cargo 170, oil tanker 162, other 148", "display": "total: 558 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "flooding; water pollution, especially of fishing areas, from the use of commercial pesticides; groundwater pollution from naturally occurring arsenic; falling water tables in the northern and central parts of the country; soil degradation and erosion; deforestation; destruction of wetlands; severe overpopulation with noise pollution", "display": "flooding; water pollution, especially of fishing areas, from the use of commercial pesticides; groundwater pollution from naturally occurring arsenic; falling water tables in the…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "125.956 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 26.967 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 42.083 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 56.906 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "125.956 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "1.227 trillion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "1.227 trillion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 3.6 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 770 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 31.5 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 3.6 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environ…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/bangladesh.json" }, { "entity_id": "barbados", "name": "Barbados", "source_code": "BB", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Central America and the Caribbean", "roadmap_country": "Barbados", "coverage_region": "Americas", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 139, "published_fact_count": 49, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 304139.0, "area_sq_km": 430.0, "capital": "Bridgetown", "government_type": "parliamentary republic; a Commonwealth realm", "life_expectancy_years": 79.0, "urban_population_percent": 31.4, "internet_users_percent": 80.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 19900.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Barbados was uninhabited when first settled by the British in 1627. Enslaved Africans worked the sugar plantations established on the island, which initially dominated the Caribbean sugar industry. By 1720, Barbados was no longer a dominant force within the sugar industry, having been surpassed by the Leeward Islands and Jamaica. Slavery was abolished in 1834. The Barbadian economy remained heavily dependent on sugar, rum, and molasses production through most of the 20th century. The gradual introduction of social and political reforms in the 1940s and 1950s led to independence from the UK in 1966. In the 1990s, tourism and manufacturing surpassed the sugar industry in economic importance. Barbados became a republic in 2021, with the former Governor-General Sandra MASON elected as the first president.", "display": "Barbados was uninhabited when first settled by the British in 1627. Enslaved Africans worked the sugar plantations established on the island, which initially dominated the Caribbe…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1966 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Caribbean, island in the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Venezuela", "display": "Caribbean, island in the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Venezuela", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Central America and the Caribbean", "display": "Central America and the Caribbean", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 430 sq km | land: 430 sq km | water: 0 sq km", "display": "total : 430 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 430.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "97 km", "display": "97 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "relatively flat; rises gently to central highland region", "display": "relatively flat; rises gently to central highland region", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical; rainy season (June to October)", "display": "tropical; rainy season (June to October)", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Mount Hillaby 336 m | lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m", "display": "highest point: Mount Hillaby 336 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "infrequent hurricanes; periodic landslides", "display": "infrequent hurricanes; periodic landslides", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "petroleum, fish, natural gas", "display": "petroleum, fish, natural gas", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "most densely populated country in the eastern Caribbean; approximately one third of the population lives in urban areas", "display": "most densely populated country in the eastern Caribbean; approximately one third of the population lives in urban areas", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 304,139 (2024 est.) | male: 146,587 | female: 157,552", "display": "total: 304,139 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 304139.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "-0.42% (2025 est.)", "display": "-0.42% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": -0.0042, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 31.4% of total population (2023) | rate of 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2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "89,000 BRIDGETOWN (capital) (2018)", "display": "89,000 BRIDGETOWN (capital) (2018)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: none | conventional short form: Barbados | etymology: the name is the plural of the Spanish word barbado and means \"the bearded ones,\" which could refer either to the beard-like leaves of the island's fig trees or to the beards of Carib inhabitants", "display": "conventional long form: none", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Bridgetown | geographic coordinates: 13 06 N, 59 37 W | time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: originally named Indian Bridge in 1628 for a bridge built beside Carlisle Bay, then called St. Michael's Town until the 19th century; now named after a bridge built over the Constitution River that flows through the center of the city", "display": "name: Bridgetown", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary republic; a Commonwealth realm", "display": "parliamentary republic; a Commonwealth realm", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "English common law; no judicial review of legislative acts", "display": "English common 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"source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1966 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "11 parishes and 1 city*; Bridgetown*, Christ Church, Saint Andrew, Saint George, Saint James, Saint John, Saint Joseph, Saint Lucy, Saint Michael, Saint Peter, Saint Philip, Saint Thomas", "display": "11 parishes and 1 city*; Bridgetown*, Christ Church, Saint Andrew, Saint George, Saint James, Saint John, Saint Joseph, Saint Lucy, Saint Michael, Saint Peter, Saint Philip, Saint…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACP, ACS, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ACP, ACS, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, MIGA, NAM…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "high-income Eastern Caribbean economy; high standard of living among regional peers; key tourism, construction, and financial sectors driving recent GDP growth; declining but still very high public debt leading to IMF support programs; susceptible to natural disasters and reliance on import partners", "display": "high-income Eastern Caribbean economy; high standard of living among regional peers; 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"economy", "content": "3.8% (2024 est.) | 4.1% (2023 est.) | 17.8% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "3.8% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "-0.5% (2024 est.) | 9.8% (2023 est.) | 4.1% (2019 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "-0.5% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.005, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "7.6% (2024 est.) | 7.9% (2023 est.) | 8.4% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "7.6% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.076, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": 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baked goods (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "liquor, refined petroleum, packaged medicine, margarine, baked goods (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, crude petroleum, cars, plastic products, ships (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, crude petroleum, cars, plastic products, ships (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 80% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 80% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.8, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 106,000 (2022 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 37 (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 106,000 (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 106000.0, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 91.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 7.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 91.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "68.293 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "68.293 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "1 (2025)", "display": "1 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 1 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 1 | very small: 0 | ports with oil terminals: 1 | key ports: Bridgetown", "display": "total ports: 1 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 272 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 90, general cargo 149, oil tanker 5, other 28", "display": "total: 272 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "pollution of coastal waters from waste disposal by ships; soil erosion; illegal solid-waste disposal", "display": "pollution of coastal waters from waste disposal by ships; soil erosion; illegal solid-waste disposal", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "1.348 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 2 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 1.284 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 64,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "1.348 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "80 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "80 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 20 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 6.2 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 54.8 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 20 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardo…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/barbados.json" }, { "entity_id": "belarus", "name": "Belarus", "source_code": "BY", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Europe", "roadmap_country": "Belarus", "coverage_region": "Europe", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 149, "published_fact_count": 51, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 9460972.0, "area_sq_km": 207600.0, "capital": "Minsk", "government_type": "presidential republic in name, although in fact a dictatorship", "life_expectancy_years": 74.7, "urban_population_percent": 80.7, "internet_users_percent": 92.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 29000.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": true }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "After seven decades as a constituent republic of the USSR, Belarus attained its independence in 1991. It has retained closer political and economic ties to Russia than any of the other former Soviet republics. In 1999, Belarus and Russia signed a treaty on a two-state union, envisioning greater political and economic integration. Although Belarus agreed to a framework to carry out the accord, serious implementation has yet to take place and negotiations on further integration have been contentious. Since taking office in 1994 as the country's first and only directly elected president, Alyaksandr LUKASHENKA has steadily consolidated his power through authoritarian means and a centralized economic system. Government restrictions on political and civil freedoms, freedom of speech and the press, peaceful assembly, and religion have remained in place. Restrictions on political freedoms have tightened in the wake of the disputed presidential election in 2020. The election results sparked large-scale protests as members of the opposition and civil society criticized the election’s validity. LUKASHENKA has remained in power as the disputed winner of the presidential election after quelling protests in 2020. Since 2022, Belarus has facilitated Russia's war in Ukraine, which was launched in part from Belarusian territory.", "display": "After seven decades as a constituent republic of the USSR, Belarus attained its independence in 1991. It has retained closer political and economic ties to Russia than any of the…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1991 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Eastern Europe, east of Poland", "display": "Eastern Europe, east of Poland", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Europe", "display": "Europe", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 207,600 sq km | land: 202,900 sq km | water: 4,700 sq km", "display": "total : 207,600 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 207600.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "0 km (landlocked)", "display": "0 km (landlocked)", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "generally flat with much marshland", "display": "generally flat with much marshland", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "cold winters, cool and moist summers; transitional between continental and maritime", "display": "cold winters, cool and moist summers; transitional between continental and maritime", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Dzyarzhynskaya Hara 346 m | lowest point: Nyoman River 90 m | mean elevation: 160 m", "display": "highest point: Dzyarzhynskaya Hara 346 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "large tracts of marshy land", "display": "large tracts of marshy land", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "timber, peat deposits, small quantities of oil and natural gas, granite, dolomitic limestone, marl, chalk, sand, gravel, clay", "display": "timber, peat deposits, small quantities of oil and natural gas, granite, dolomitic limestone, marl, chalk, sand, gravel, clay", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations", "display": "a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 9,460,972 (2025 est.) | male: 4,414,771 | female: 5,046,201", "display": "total: 9,460,972 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 9460972.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "-0.44% (2025 est.)", "display": "-0.44% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": -0.0044, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 80.7% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.28% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 80.7% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Russian (official) 71.4%, Belarusian (official) 26%, other 0.3% (includes small Polish- and Ukrainian-speaking minorities), unspecified 2.3% (2019 est.) | major-language sample(s): | Книга фактов о мире – незаменимый источник базовой информации. (Russian) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Russian (official) 71.4%, Belarusian (official) 26%, other 0.3% (includes small Polish- and Ukrainian-speaking minorities), unspecified 2.3% (2019 est.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2019 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Orthodox 48.3%, Catholic 7.1%, other 3.5%, non-believers 41.1% (2011 est.)", "display": "Orthodox 48.3%, Catholic 7.1%, other 3.5%, non-believers 41.1% (2011 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2011 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 74.7 years (2024 est.) | male: 69.8 years | female: 80 years", "display": "total population: 74.7 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 74.7, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 42.5 years (2025 est.) | male: 39.5 years | female: 45 years", "display": "total: 42.5 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "2.057 million MINSK (capital) (2023)", "display": "2.057 million MINSK (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 99.9% (2019 est.) | male: 99.9% (2019 est.) | female: 99.9% (2019 est.)", "display": "total population: 99.9% (2019 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2019 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 14 years (2023 est.) | male: 14 years (2023 est.) | female: 15 years (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 14 years (2023 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Belarus | conventional short form: Belarus | local long form: Respublika Byelarus' (Belarusian)/ Respublika Belarus' (Russian) | local short form: Byelarus' (Belarusian)/ Belarus' (Russian) | former: Belorussian (Byelorussian) Soviet Socialist Republic | etymology: the name is a compound of the Slavic words \"bel\" (white) and \"Rus\" (the Old East Slavic ethnic 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"id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law system | note: nearly all major codes (civil, civil procedure, criminal, criminal procedure, family, and labor) were revised and came into force in 1999 and 2000", "display": "civil law system", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1999 }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: several previous; latest drafted between late 1991 and early 1994, signed 15 March 1994 | amendment process: proposed by the president of the republic through petition to the National Assembly or by petition of least 150,000 eligible voters; approval required by at least two-thirds majority vote in both chambers or by simple majority of votes cast in a referendum | note: one of several amendments passed in the February 2022 referendum -- the presidential 5-year, two-term 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null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "BSEC (observer), CBSS (observer), CEI, CIS, CSTO, EAEC, EAEU, EAPC, EBRD, FAO, GCTU, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, NSG, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, SCO (dialogue member), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer), ZC", "display": "BSEC (observer), CBSS (observer), CEI, CIS, CSTO, EAEC, EAEU, EAPC, EBRD, FAO, GCTU, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU,…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "declining Russian energy subsidies will end in 2024; growing public debt; strong currency pressures have led to higher inflation; recent price controls on basic food and drugs; public sector wage increases and fragile private sector threaten household income gains and economic growth", "display": "declining Russian energy subsidies will end in 2024; growing public debt; strong currency pressures have led to higher inflation; recent price controls on basic food and drugs; pu…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$265.22 billion (2024 est.) | $254.995 billion (2023 est.) | $244.89 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$265.22 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 265.22, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$29,000 (2024 est.) | $27,800 (2023 est.) | $26,500 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$29,000 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 29000.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "4% (2024 est.) | 4.1% (2023 est.) | -4.7% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "4% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "5.8% (2024 est.) | 5% (2023 est.) | 15.2% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "5.8% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 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fabric, plastic products, video displays (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "cars, broadcasting equipment, fabric, plastic products, video displays (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 92% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 92% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.92, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 3.2 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 35 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 3.2 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 3200000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 70% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | nuclear: 26.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 0.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 0.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 0.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 1.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 70% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "104.821 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "104.821 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "46 (2025)", "display": "46 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 5,528 km (2014) | standard gauge: 25 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge | broad gauge: 5,503 km (2014) 1.520-m gauge (874 km electrified)", "display": "total: 5,528 km (2014)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2014 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 4 (2023) | by type: other 4", "display": "total: 4 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "soil pollution from pesticide use; southern part of the country contaminated with fallout from 1986 nuclear reactor accident at Chornobyl' in northern Ukraine", "display": "soil pollution from pesticide use; southern part of the country contaminated with fallout from 1986 nuclear reactor accident at Chornobyl' in northern Ukraine", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1986 }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "46.709 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 1.497 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 15.884 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 29.328 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "46.709 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "57.9 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "57.9 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 600 million cubic meters (2022) | industrial: 430 million cubic meters (2022) | agricultural: 385 million cubic meters (2022)", "display": "municipal: 600 million cubic meters (2022)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Chang…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/belarus.json" }, { "entity_id": "belgium", "name": "Belgium", "source_code": "BE", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Europe", "roadmap_country": "Belgium", "coverage_region": "Europe", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 154, "published_fact_count": 51, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 11960170.0, "area_sq_km": 30528.0, "capital": "Brussels", "government_type": "federal parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy", "life_expectancy_years": 82.3, "urban_population_percent": 98.2, "internet_users_percent": 95.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 63100.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Belgium became independent from the Netherlands in 1830; it was occupied by Germany during World Wars I and II. The country prospered as a modern, technologically advanced European state and member of NATO and the EU. In recent years, longstanding tensions between the Dutch-speaking Flemish of the north and the French-speaking Walloons of the south have led to constitutional amendments granting these regions formal recognition and autonomy. The capital city of Brussels is home to numerous international organizations, including the EU and NATO.", "display": "Belgium became independent from the Netherlands in 1830; it was occupied by Germany during World Wars I and II. 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(Dutch) | The World Factbook, une source indispensable d'informations de base. (French) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Dutch (official) 60%, French (official) 40%, German (official) less than 1%", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Roman Catholic 57.1%, Protestant 2.3%, other Christian, 2.8%, Muslim 6.8%, other 1.7%, atheist 9.1%, nonbeliever/agnostic 20.2% (2018 est.)", "display": "Roman Catholic 57.1%, Protestant 2.3%, other Christian, 2.8%, Muslim 6.8%, other 1.7%, atheist 9.1%, nonbeliever/agnostic 20.2% (2018 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 82.3 years (2024 est.) | male: 79.7 years | female: 85 years", "display": "total population: 82.3 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 82.3, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 42.4 years (2025 est.) | male: 40.8 years | female: 43.1 years", "display": "total: 42.4 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "2.122 million BRUSSELS (capital), 1.057 million Antwerp (2023)", "display": "2.122 million BRUSSELS (capital), 1.057 million Antwerp (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 19 years (2022 est.) | male: 18 years (2022 est.) | female: 20 years (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 19 years (2022 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Kingdom of Belgium | conventional short form: Belgium | local long form: Royaume de Belgique (French)/Koninkrijk Belgie (Dutch)/Koenigreich Belgien (German) | local short form: Belgique/Belgie/Belgien | etymology: the name derives from the Belgae, an ancient Celtic tribal confederation that inhabited an area between the English Channel and the west bank of the Rhine in the first centuries B.C.", "display": "conventional long form: Kingdom of Belgium", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Brussels | geographic coordinates: 50 84 N, 4 35 E | time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October | etymology: the name is of Germanic origin, from broca (marsh) and sali (room or building)", "display": "name: Brussels", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "federal parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy", "display": "federal parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law system based on the French Civil Code; judicial review of 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"administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "3 regions (French: régions , singular - région ; Dutch: gewesten , singular - gewest ); Brussels-Capital Region, also known as Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest (Dutch), R é gion de Bruxelles-Capitale (French long form), Bruxelles-Capitale (French short form); Flemish Region (Flanders), also known as Vlaams Gewest (Dutch long form), Vlaanderen (Dutch short form), Région Flamande (French long form), Flandre (French short form); Walloon Region (Wallonia), also known as Région Wallonne (French long form), Wallonie (French short form), Waals Gewest (Dutch long form), Wallonie (Dutch short form) | note: as a result of the 1993 constitutional revision that furthered devolution into a federal state, there are now three levels of government (federal, regional, and linguistic community) with a complex division of responsibilities; the 2012 sixth state reform transferred additional competencies from the federal state to the regions and linguistic communities", "display": "3 regions (French: régions , singular - région ; Dutch: gewesten , singular - gewest ); Brussels-Capital Region, also known as Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest (Dutch), R é gion de…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1993 }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ADB (nonregional members), AfDB (nonregional members), Australia Group, Benelux, BIS, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-9, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS 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rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "1% (2024 est.) | 1.2% (2023 est.) | 4.3% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "1% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3.1% (2024 est.) | 4% (2023 est.) | 9.6% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "3.1% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.031, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "5.5% (2024 est.) | 5.6% (2023 est.) | 5.6% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "5.5% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.055, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "engineering and metal products, motor vehicle assembly, transportation equipment, scientific instruments, processed food and beverages, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, base metals, textiles, glass, petroleum", "display": "engineering and metal products, motor vehicle assembly, transportation equipment, scientific instruments, processed food and beverages, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, base metals, te…", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "sugar beets, milk, potatoes, wheat, pork, lettuce, maize, chicken, barley, pears (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "sugar beets, milk, potatoes, wheat, pork, lettuce, maize, chicken, barley, pears (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural 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"Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 95% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 95% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.95, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 5.12 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 44 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 5.12 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 5120000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 24.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | nuclear: 40.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 9.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 20% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: -0.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) note: Belgium has negative net hydroelectric power generation based on losses from use of pumped storage hydropower | biomass and waste: 6.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 24.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "190.416 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": 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null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 198 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 17, container ship 2, general cargo 16, oil tanker 21, other 142", "display": "total: 198 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "urbanization; possible risks from industry and intensive farming; air and water pollution", "display": "urbanization; possible risks from industry and intensive farming; air and water pollution", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "112.083 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 8.166 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 76.635 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 27.282 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "112.083 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "18.3 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "18.3 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 740.19 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 4.14 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 41.97 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 740.19 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/belgium.json" }, { "entity_id": "belize", "name": "Belize", "source_code": "BZ", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Central America and the Caribbean", "roadmap_country": "Belize", "coverage_region": "Americas", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 142, "published_fact_count": 51, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 421960.0, "area_sq_km": 22966.0, "capital": "Belmopan", "government_type": "parliamentary democracy (National Assembly) under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm", "life_expectancy_years": 74.3, "urban_population_percent": 46.6, "internet_users_percent": 72.0, "electricity_access_percent": 98.6, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 13300.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Belize was the site of several Mayan city states until their decline at the end of the first millennium A.D. The British and Spanish disputed the region in the 17th and 18th centuries; it formally became the colony of British Honduras in 1862. Territorial disputes between the UK and Guatemala delayed the independence of Belize until 1981. Guatemala refused to recognize the new nation until 1992, and the two countries are still involved in an ongoing border dispute. Tourism has become the mainstay of the economy. Current concerns include the country's heavy foreign debt burden, high crime rates, high unemployment combined with a majority youth population, growing involvement in the Mexican and South American drug trade, and one of the highest HIV/AIDS prevalence rates in Central America.", "display": "Belize was the site of several Mayan city states until their decline at the end of the first millennium A.D. The British and Spanish disputed the region in the 17th and 18th centu…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1981 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Central America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Guatemala and Mexico", "display": "Central America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Guatemala and Mexico", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Central America and the Caribbean", "display": "Central America and the Caribbean", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 22,966 sq km | land: 22,806 sq km | water: 160 sq km", "display": "total : 22,966 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 22966.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "386 km", "display": "386 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "flat, swampy coastal plain; low mountains in south", "display": "flat, swampy coastal plain; low mountains in south", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical; very hot and humid; rainy season (May to November); dry season (February to May)", "display": "tropical; very hot and humid; rainy season (May to November); dry season (February to May)", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Doyle's Delight 1,124 m | lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m | mean elevation: 173 m", "display": "highest point: Doyle's Delight 1,124 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "frequent, devastating hurricanes (June to November) and coastal flooding (especially in south)", "display": "frequent, devastating hurricanes (June to November) and coastal flooding (especially in south)", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "arable land potential, timber, fish, hydropower", "display": "arable land potential, timber, fish, hydropower", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "approximately 25% to 30% of the population lives in the former capital, Belize City; over half of the overall population is rural; population density is slightly higher in the north and east", "display": "approximately 25% to 30% of the population lives in the former capital, Belize City; over half of the overall population is rural; population density is slightly higher in the nor…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 421,960 (2025 est.) | male: 208,844 | female: 213,116", "display": "total: 421,960 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 421960.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.47% (2025 est.)", "display": "1.47% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0147, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 46.6% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 2.3% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 46.6% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "English 62.9% (official), Spanish 56.6%, Creole 44.6%, Maya 10.5%, German 3.2%, Garifuna 2.9%, other 1.8%, unknown 0.5% (2010 est.) | major-language sample(s): | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. (English) | La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish) | note: shares sum to more than 100% because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census", "display": "English 62.9% (official), Spanish 56.6%, Creole 44.6%, Maya 10.5%, German 3.2%, Garifuna 2.9%, other 1.8%, unknown 0.5% (2010 est.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2010 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Roman Catholic 40.1%, Protestant 31.5% (includes Pentecostal 8.4%, Seventh Day Adventist 5.4%, Anglican 4.7%, Mennonite 3.7%, Baptist 3.6%, Methodist 2.9%, Nazarene 2.8%), Jehovah's Witness 1.7%, other 10.5% (includes Baha'i, Buddhist, Hindu, Church of Jesus Christ, Muslim, Rastafarian, Salvation Army), unspecified 0.6%, none 15.5% (2010 est.)", "display": "Roman Catholic 40.1%, Protestant 31.5% (includes Pentecostal 8.4%, Seventh Day Adventist 5.4%, Anglican 4.7%, Mennonite 3.7%, Baptist 3.6%, Methodist 2.9%, Nazarene 2.8%), Jehovah…", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2010 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 74.3 years (2024 est.) | male: 72.6 years | female: 76.1 years", "display": "total population: 74.3 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 74.3, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 27.2 years (2025 est.) | male: 26.4 years | female: 27.2 years", "display": "total: 27.2 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "23,000 BELMOPAN (capital) (2018)", "display": "23,000 BELMOPAN (capital) (2018)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 87.9% (2022 est.) | male: 87.9% (2022 est.) | female: 87.9% (2022 est.)", "display": "total population: 87.9% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 12 years (2023 est.) | male: 12 years (2023 est.) | female: 12 years (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 12 years (2023 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long 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"estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary democracy (National Assembly) under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm", "display": "parliamentary democracy (National Assembly) under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "English common law", "display": "English common law", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: previous 1954, 1963 (pre-independence); latest signed and entered into force 21 September 1981 | amendment process: proposed and adopted by two-thirds majority vote of the National Assembly House of Representatives except for amendments relating to rights and freedoms, changes to the Assembly, and to elections and judiciary matters, which require at least three-quarters majority vote of the House; both types of amendments require assent of the governor general", "display": "history: previous 1954, 1963 (pre-independence); latest signed and entered into force 21 September 1981", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1954 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "6 districts; Belize, Cayo, Corozal, Orange Walk, Stann Creek, Toledo", "display": "6 districts; Belize, Cayo, Corozal, Orange Walk, Stann Creek, Toledo", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International 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employment", "display": "7% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.07, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "garment production, food processing, tourism, construction, oil", "display": "garment production, food processing, tourism, construction, oil", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "sugarcane, maize, bananas, sorghum, soybeans, chicken, rice, oranges, fruits, plantains (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "sugarcane, maize, bananas, sorghum, soybeans, chicken, rice, oranges, fruits, plantains (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "raw sugar, bananas, fish, shellfish, refined petroleum (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "raw sugar, bananas, fish, shellfish, refined petroleum (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, orthopedic appliances, ships, garments, tobacco (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, orthopedic appliances, ships, garments, tobacco (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 72% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 72% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.72, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 39,000 (2022 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 10 (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 39,000 (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 39000.0, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 98.6% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 98.4% | electrification - rural areas: 97.1%", "display": "electrification - total population: 98.6% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 12% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 2.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 52.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 32.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 12% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "30.752 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "30.752 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "27 (2025)", "display": "27 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 2 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 1 | very small: 0 | size unknown: 1 | ports with oil terminals: 1 | key ports: Belize City, Big Creek", "display": "total ports: 2 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 774 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 49, general cargo 410, oil tanker 64, other 251", "display": "total: 774 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "deforestation; water pollution from sewage, industrial effluents, agricultural runoff; inability to properly dispose of solid waste", "display": "deforestation; water pollution from sewage, industrial effluents, agricultural runoff; inability to properly dispose of solid waste", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "662,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 3 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 662,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "662,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "21.734 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "21.734 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 11.4 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 21.2 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 68.4 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 11.4 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardo…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/belize.json" }, { "entity_id": "benin", "name": "Benin", "source_code": "BJ", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Africa", "roadmap_country": "Benin", "coverage_region": "Africa", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 144, "published_fact_count": 52, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 15186090.0, "area_sq_km": 112622.0, "capital": "Porto-Novo (constitutional capital); Cotonou (seat of government)", "government_type": "presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 63.0, "urban_population_percent": 50.1, "internet_users_percent": 32.0, "electricity_access_percent": 56.5, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 3900.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Present-day Benin is comprised of about 42 ethnic groups, including the Yoruba in the southeast, who migrated from what is now Nigeria in the 12th century; the Dendi in the north-central area, who came from Mali in the 16th century; the Bariba and the Fula in the northeast; the Ottamari in the Atakora mountains; the Fon in the area around Abomey in the south-central area; and the Mina, Xueda, and Aja, who came from Togo, on the coast. The Kingdom of Dahomey emerged on the Abomey plateau in the 17th century and was a regional power for much of the 18th and 19th centuries. The growth of Dahomey coincided with the growth of the Atlantic slave trade, and it became known as a major source of enslaved people. France began to control the coastal areas of Dahomey in the second half of the 19th century; the entire kingdom was conquered by 1894. French Dahomey achieved independence in 1960, and it changed its name to the Republic of Benin in 1975. | A succession of military governments ended in 1972 with the rise to power of Mathieu KEREKOU and a Marxist-Leninist government. A move to representative government began in 1989. Two years later, free elections ushered in former Prime Minister Nicephore SOGLO as president, marking the first successful transfer of power in Africa from a dictatorship to a democracy. KEREKOU returned to power after elections in 1996 and 2001. He stepped down in 2006 and was succeeded by Thomas YAYI Boni, a political outsider and independent, who won a second term in 2011. Patrice TALON, a wealthy businessman, took office in 2016; the space for pluralism, dissent, and free expression has narrowed under his administration. TALON won a second term in 2021.", "display": "Present-day Benin is comprised of about 42 ethnic groups, including the Yoruba in the southeast, who migrated from what is now Nigeria in the 12th century; the Dendi in the north-…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1960 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Benin, between Nigeria and Togo", "display": "Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Benin, between Nigeria and Togo", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Africa", "display": "Africa", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 112,622 sq km | land: 110,622 sq km | water: 2,000 sq km", "display": "total : 112,622 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 112622.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "121 km", "display": "121 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly flat to undulating plain; some hills and low mountains", "display": "mostly flat to undulating plain; some hills and low mountains", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north", "display": "tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: unnamed elevation 675 m; located 2.5 km southeast of the town of Kotopounga | lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m | mean elevation: 273 m", "display": "highest point: unnamed elevation 675 m; located 2.5 km southeast of the town of Kotopounga", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "hot, dry, dusty harmattan wind may affect north from December to March", "display": "hot, dry, dusty harmattan wind may affect north from December to March", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "small offshore oil deposits, limestone, marble, timber", "display": "small offshore oil deposits, limestone, marble, timber", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "the population is primarily located in the south, with the highest concentration of people residing in and around the cities on the Atlantic coast; most of the north remains sparsely populated with higher concentrations of residents in the west, as shown in this population distribution map", "display": "the population is primarily located in the south, with the highest concentration of people residing in and around the cities on the Atlantic coast; most of the north remains spars…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 15,186,090 (2025 est.) | male: 7,500,771 | female: 7,685,319", "display": "total: 15,186,090 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 15186090.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "3.26% (2025 est.)", "display": "3.26% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0326, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 50.1% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 3.74% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 50.1% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "55 languages; French (official); Fon (a Gbe language), Yom (a Gur language) and Yoruba are the most important indigenous languages in the south; half a dozen regionally important languages in the north, including Bariba and Fulfulde", "display": "55 languages; French (official); Fon (a Gbe language), Yom (a Gur language) and Yoruba are the most important indigenous languages in the south; half a dozen regionally important…", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Muslim 27.7%, Roman Catholic 25.5%, Protestant 13.5% (Celestial 6.7%, Methodist 3.4%, other Protestant 3.4%), Vodoun 11.6%, other Christian 9.5%, other traditional religions 2.6%, other 2.6%, none 5.8% (2013 est.)", "display": "Muslim 27.7%, Roman Catholic 25.5%, Protestant 13.5% (Celestial 6.7%, Methodist 3.4%, other Protestant 3.4%), Vodoun 11.6%, other Christian 9.5%, other traditional religions 2.6%,…", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2013 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 63 years (2024 est.) | male: 61.1 years | female: 65 years", "display": "total population: 63 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 63.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 17.2 years (2025 est.) | male: 16.6 years | female: 17.7 years", "display": "total: 17.2 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "285,000 PORTO-NOVO (capital) (2018); 1.253 million Abomey-Calavi, 722,000 COTONOU (seat of government) (2022)", "display": "285,000 PORTO-NOVO (capital) (2018); 1.253 million Abomey-Calavi, 722,000 COTONOU (seat of government) (2022)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 51.4% (2022 est.) | male: 62.6% (2022 est.) | female: 41.5% (2022 est.)", "display": "total population: 51.4% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 10 years (2022 est.) | male: 11 years (2022 est.) | female: 9 years (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 10 years (2022 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Benin | conventional short form: Benin | local long form: République du Benin | local short form: Benin | former: Dahomey, People's Republic of Benin | etymology: the current name comes from a local ethnic group, the Bini, whose name may be related to the Arabic word bani , meaning \"sons;\" the former name, Dahomey, comes from a previous kingdom in the area called Dan Homé", "display": "conventional long form: Republic of Benin", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Porto-Novo (constitutional capital); Cotonou (seat of government) | geographic coordinates: 6 29 N, 2 37 E | time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: the name Porto-Novo is Portuguese for \"new port\"; Cotonou means \"mouth of the river of death\" in the native Fon language", "display": "name: Porto-Novo (constitutional capital); Cotonou (seat of government)", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "presidential republic", "display": "presidential republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law system modeled largely on the French system and some customary law", "display": "civil law system modeled largely on the French system and some customary law", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: previous 1946, 1958 (pre-independence); latest adopted by referendum 2 December 1990, promulgated 11 December 1990 | amendment process: proposed concurrently by the president of the republic (after a decision in the Council of Ministers) and the National Assembly; consideration of drafts or proposals requires at least three-fourths majority vote of the Assembly membership; passage requires approval in a referendum unless approved by at least four-fifths majority vote of the Assembly membership; constitutional articles affecting territorial sovereignty, the republican form of government, and secularity of Benin cannot be amended", "display": "history: previous 1946, 1958 (pre-independence); latest adopted by referendum 2 December 1990, promulgated 11 December 1990", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1946 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "12 departments; Alibori, Atacora, Atlantique, Borgou, Collines, Couffo, Donga, Littoral, Mono, Oueme, Plateau, Zou", "display": "12 departments; Alibori, Atacora, Atlantique, Borgou, Collines, Couffo, Donga, Littoral, Mono, Oueme, Plateau, Zou", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACP, AfDB, AU, CD, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MNJTF, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ACP, AfDB, AU, CD, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), M…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "robust economic growth; slightly declining but still widespread poverty; strong trade relations with Nigeria; cotton exporter; COVID-19 has led to capital outflows and border closures; WAEMU member with currency pegged to the euro; recent fiscal deficit and debt reductions", "display": "robust economic growth; slightly declining but still widespread poverty; strong trade relations with Nigeria; cotton exporter; COVID-19 has led to capital outflows and border clos…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$56.424 billion (2024 est.) | $52.51 billion (2023 est.) | $49.374 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$56.424 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 56.424, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$3,900 (2024 est.) | $3,700 (2023 est.) | $3,600 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$3,900 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 3900.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "7.5% (2024 est.) | 6.4% (2023 est.) | 6.3% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "7.5% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "1.2% (2024 est.) | 2.7% (2023 est.) | 1.4% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "1.2% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.012, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "1.8% (2024 est.) | 1.7% (2023 est.) | 1.7% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "1.8% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.018000000000000002, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "textiles, food processing, construction materials, cement", "display": "textiles, food processing, construction materials, cement", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "cassava, yams, maize, oil palm fruit, cotton, soybeans, rice, pineapples, tomatoes, chillies/peppers (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "cassava, yams, maize, oil palm fruit, cotton, soybeans, rice, pineapples, tomatoes, chillies/peppers (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "gold, cotton, coconuts/brazil nuts/cashews, soybeans, wood (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "gold, cotton, coconuts/brazil nuts/cashews, soybeans, wood (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "rice, refined petroleum, palm oil, poultry, cars (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "rice, refined petroleum, palm oil, poultry, cars (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 32% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 32% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.32, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 24,000 (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2023 est.) less than 1", "display": "total: 24,000 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 24000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 56.5% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 71.1% | electrification - rural areas: 45.5%", "display": "electrification - total population: 56.5% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 96.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 3.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 96.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "6.472 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "6.472 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "10 (2025)", "display": "10 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 1 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 1 | small: 0 | very small: 0 | ports with oil terminals: 1 | key ports: Cotonou", "display": "total ports: 1 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 438 km (2014) | narrow gauge: 438 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge", "display": "total: 438 km (2014)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2014 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 6 (2023) | by type: other 6", "display": "total: 6 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "inadequate supplies of potable water; water pollution; poaching; deforestation; desertification; droughts", "display": "inadequate supplies of potable water; water pollution; poaching; deforestation; desertification; droughts", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "5.948 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 379,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 5.263 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 306,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "5.948 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "26.39 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "26.39 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 145 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 30 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 59 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 145 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered 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"gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Bermuda was first settled in 1609 by shipwrecked English colonists heading for Virginia. Self-governing since 1620, Bermuda is the oldest and most populous of the British Overseas Territories. Vacationing on the island to escape North American winters first developed in Victorian times. Tourism continues to be important for the island's economy, although international business has overtaken it in recent years as Bermuda has developed into a highly successful offshore financial center. A referendum on independence from the UK was soundly defeated in 1995.", "display": "Bermuda was first settled in 1609 by shipwrecked English colonists heading for Virginia. 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"source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2010 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 82.5 years (2024 est.) | male: 79.4 years | female: 85.7 years", "display": "total population: 82.5 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 82.5, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 43.9 years (2025 est.) | male: 41.5 years | female: 46.3 years", "display": "total: 43.9 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "10,000 HAMILTON (capital) (2018)", "display": "10,000 HAMILTON (capital) (2018)", 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"capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Hamilton | geographic coordinates: 32 17 N, 64 47 W | time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November | etymology: named after Henry HAMILTON, who served as governor of Bermuda from 1788 to 1794", "display": "name: Hamilton", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "Overseas Territory of the UK with limited self-government; parliamentary democracy", "display": "Overseas Territory of the UK with limited self-government; parliamentary democracy", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", 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Sandys, Smith's, Southampton, Warwick", "display": "9 parishes and 2 municipalities*; Devonshire, Hamilton, Hamilton*, Paget, Pembroke, Saint George*, Saint George's, Sandys, Smith's, Southampton, Warwick", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "Caricom (associate), ICC (NGOs), Interpol (subbureau), IOC, ITUC (NGOs), UPU, WCO", "display": "Caricom (associate), ICC (NGOs), Interpol (subbureau), IOC, ITUC (NGOs), UPU, WCO", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "small, tourism- and construction-based, territorial-island economy; American import and tourist destination; known offshore banking hub; increasing inflation; major re-exportation and re-importation area", "display": "small, tourism- and construction-based, territorial-island economy; American import and tourist destination; known offshore banking hub; increasing inflation; major re-exportation…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$6.808 billion (2024 est.) | $6.667 billion (2023 est.) | $6.355 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$6.808 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 6.808, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$105,300 (2024 est.) | $103,100 (2023 est.) | $98,100 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$105,300 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"display": "international business, tourism, light manufacturing", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "bananas, vegetables, citrus, flowers; dairy products, honey", "display": "bananas, vegetables, citrus, flowers; dairy products, honey", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "crude petroleum, ships, aircraft, liquor, railway cargo containers (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "crude petroleum, ships, aircraft, liquor, railway cargo containers (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "ships, refined petroleum, railway cargo containers, packaged medicine, cars (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "ships, refined petroleum, railway cargo containers, packaged medicine, cars (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 98% (2017 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 98% (2017 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.98, "estimate_year": 2017 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 23,000 (2022 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 36 (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 23,000 (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 23000.0, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 99% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 99% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "122.737 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "122.737 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "1 (2025)", "display": "1 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 4 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 1 | small: 2 | very small: 0 | size unknown: 1 | ports with oil terminals: 3 | key ports: Freeport, Hamilton, Ireland Island, St. George", "display": "total ports: 4 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 122 (2023) | by type: container ship 15, oil tanker 8, other 99", "display": "total: 122 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "air pollution from vehicle emissions; scarce water resources; solid waste disposal; hazardous waste disposal; sewage disposal; overfishing; oil spills", "display": "air pollution from vehicle emissions; scarce water resources; solid waste disposal; hazardous waste disposal; sewage disposal; overfishing; oil spills", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "577,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 9 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 577,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "577,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/bermuda.json" }, { "entity_id": "bhutan", "name": "Bhutan", "source_code": "BT", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Asia", "roadmap_country": "Bhutan", "coverage_region": "Asia", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 137, "published_fact_count": 48, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 892877.0, "area_sq_km": 38394.0, "capital": "Thimphu", "government_type": "constitutional monarchy", "life_expectancy_years": 73.7, "urban_population_percent": 44.4, "internet_users_percent": 88.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 14600.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2023, "landlocked": true }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "After Britain’s victory in the 1865 Duar War, Britain and Bhutan signed the Treaty of Sinchulu, under which Bhutan would receive an annual subsidy in exchange for ceding land to British India. Ugyen WANGCHUCK -- who had served as the de facto ruler of an increasingly unified Bhutan and had improved relations with the British toward the end of the 19th century -- was named king in 1907. Three years later, a treaty was signed whereby the British agreed not to interfere in Bhutanese internal affairs, and Bhutan allowed Britain to direct its foreign affairs. Bhutan negotiated a similar arrangement with independent India in 1949. The Indo-Bhutanese Treaty of Friendship returned to Bhutan a small piece of the territory annexed by the British, formalized the annual subsidies the country received, and defined India's responsibilities in defense and foreign relations. Under a succession of modernizing monarchs beginning in the 1950s, Bhutan joined the UN in 1971 and slowly continued its engagement beyond its borders. | In 2005, King Jigme Singye WANGCHUCK unveiled the draft of Bhutan's first constitution -- which introduced major democratic reforms -- and held a national referendum for its approval. The King abdicated the throne in 2006 in favor of his son, Jigme Khesar Namgyel WANGCHUCK. In 2007, India and Bhutan renegotiated their treaty, eliminating the clause that stated that Bhutan would be \"guided by\" India in conducting its foreign policy, although Thimphu continues to coordinate closely with New Delhi. In 2008, Bhutan held its first parliamentary election in accordance with the constitution. Bhutan experienced a peaceful turnover of power following a parliamentary election in 2013, which resulted in the defeat of the incumbent party. In 2018, the incumbent party again lost the parliamentary election. In 2024, of the more than 100,000 ethnic Nepali -- predominantly Lhotshampa -- refugees who fled or were forced out of Bhutan in the 1990s, about 6,500 remain displaced in Nepal.", "display": "After Britain’s victory in the 1865 Duar War, Britain and Bhutan signed the Treaty of Sinchulu, under which Bhutan would receive an annual subsidy in exchange for ceding land to B…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1907 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southern Asia, between China and India", "display": "Southern Asia, between China and India", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Asia", "display": "Asia", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 38,394 sq km | land: 38,394 sq km | water: 0 sq km", "display": "total : 38,394 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 38394.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "0 km (landlocked)", "display": "0 km (landlocked)", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly mountainous with some fertile valleys and savanna", "display": "mostly mountainous with some fertile valleys and savanna", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "varies; tropical in southern plains; cool winters and hot summers in central valleys; severe winters and cool summers in Himalayas", "display": "varies; tropical in southern plains; cool winters and hot summers in central valleys; severe winters and cool summers in Himalayas", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Gangkar Puensum 7,570 m | lowest point: Drangeme Chhu 97 m | mean elevation: 2,220 m", "display": "highest point: Gangkar Puensum 7,570 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "violent storms from the Himalayas are the source of the country's Bhutanese name, which translates as Land of the Thunder Dragon; frequent landslides during the rainy season", "display": "violent storms from the Himalayas are the source of the country's Bhutanese name, which translates as Land of the Thunder Dragon; frequent landslides during the rainy season", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "timber, hydropower, gypsum, calcium carbonate", "display": "timber, hydropower, gypsum, calcium carbonate", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 892,877 (2025 est.) | male: 461,679 | female: 431,198", "display": "total: 892,877 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 892877.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.93% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.93% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.009300000000000001, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 44.4% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 2.52% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 44.4% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Sharchopkha 28%, Dzongkha (official) 24%, Lhotshamkha 22%, other 26% (includes foreign languages) (2005 est.)", "display": "Sharchopkha 28%, Dzongkha (official) 24%, Lhotshamkha 22%, other 26% (includes foreign languages) (2005 est.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2005 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Lamaistic Buddhist 75.3%, Indian- and Nepali-influenced Hinduism 22.1%, other 2.6% (2005 est.)", "display": "Lamaistic Buddhist 75.3%, Indian- and Nepali-influenced Hinduism 22.1%, other 2.6% (2005 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2005 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 73.7 years (2024 est.) | male: 72.5 years | female: 75 years", "display": "total population: 73.7 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 73.7, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 31.2 years (2025 est.) | male: 31.1 years | female: 30.3 years", "display": "total: 31.2 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "203,000 THIMPHU (capital) (2018)", "display": "203,000 THIMPHU (capital) (2018)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 64.9% (2022 est.) | male: 73.4% (2022 est.) | female: 57% (2022 est.)", "display": "total population: 64.9% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 13 years (2022 est.) | male: 12 years (2022 est.) | female: 14 years (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 13 years (2022 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Kingdom of Bhutan | conventional short form: Bhutan | local long form: Druk Gyalkhap | local short form: Druk Yul | etymology: name may derive from the Sanskrit words bhoṭa , the name for Tibet, and anta , meaning \"end\" -- a reference to Bhutan's location at the southernmost end of Tibet; the local Dzongkha name Druk Yul means \"Land of the Dragon\"", "display": "conventional long form: Kingdom of Bhutan", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Thimphu | geographic coordinates: 27 28 N, 89 38 E | time difference: UTC+6 (11 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: the origins of the name are unclear; the traditional explanation, dating to the 14th century, is that thim means \"dissolve\" and phu means \"rock,\" in reference to a local deity who dissolved before a traveler's eyes, becoming a part of the rock on which the present city stands", "display": "name: Thimphu", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "constitutional monarchy", "display": "constitutional monarchy", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law based on Buddhist religious law", "display": "civil law based on Buddhist religious law", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: previous governing documents were various royal decrees; first constitution drafted November 2001 to March 2005, ratified 18 July 2008 | amendment process: proposed as a motion by simple majority vote in a joint session of Parliament; passage requires at least a three-fourths majority vote in a joint session of the next Parliament and assent by the king", "display": "history: previous governing documents were various royal decrees; first constitution drafted November 2001 to March 2005, ratified 18 July 2008", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2001 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "20 districts ( dzongkhag , singular and plural); Bumthang, Chhukha, Dagana, Gasa, Haa, Lhuentse, Mongar, Paro, Pemagatshel, Punakha, Samdrup Jongkhar, Samtse, Sarpang, Thimphu, Trashigang, Trashi Yangtse, Trongsa, Tsirang, 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"value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "hydropower investments spurring economic development; Gross National Happiness economy; sharp poverty declines; low inflation; strong monetary and fiscal policies; stable currency; fairly resilient response to COVID-19; key economic and strategic relations with India; climate vulnerabilities", "display": "hydropower investments spurring economic development; Gross National Happiness economy; sharp poverty declines; low inflation; strong monetary and fiscal policies; stable currency…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$11.517 billion (2023 est.) | $10.981 billion (2022 est.) | $10.437 billion (2021 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$11.517 billion (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 11.517, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$14,600 (2023 est.) | $14,100 (2022 est.) | $13,500 (2021 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$14,600 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 14600.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "4.9% (2023 est.) | 5.2% (2022 est.) | 4.4% (2021 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "4.9% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.8% (2024 est.) | 4.2% (2023 est.) | 5.6% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "2.8% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.027999999999999997, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.9% (2024 est.) | 3.2% (2023 est.) | 6% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "2.9% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.028999999999999998, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "cement, wood products, processed fruits, alcoholic beverages, calcium carbide, tourism", "display": "cement, wood products, processed fruits, alcoholic beverages, calcium carbide, tourism", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": 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CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 241,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 492,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "733,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "78 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "78 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 17 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 3 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 318 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 17 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozo…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/bhutan.json" }, { "entity_id": "bolivia", "name": "Bolivia", "source_code": "BO", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "South 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Much of its subsequent history has consisted of a series of coups and countercoups, with the last coup occurring in 1980. Democratic civilian rule was established in 1982, but leaders have faced problems of deep-seated poverty, social unrest, and illegal drug production. | In 2005, Bolivians elected Movement Toward Socialism leader Evo MORALES as president -- by the widest margin of any leader since 1982 -- after he ran on a promise to change the country's traditional political class and empower the poor and indigenous majority. In 2009 and 2014, MORALES easily won reelection, and his party maintained control of the legislative branch. In 2016, MORALES narrowly lost a referendum to approve a constitutional amendment that would have allowed him to compete in the 2019 presidential election. A subsequent Supreme Court ruling stating that term limits violate human rights provided the justification for MORALES to run despite the referendum, but rising violence, pressure from the military, and widespread allegations of electoral fraud ultimately forced him to flee the country. An interim government, led by President Jeanine AÑEZ Chávez, held new elections in 2020, and Luis Alberto ARCE Catacora was elected president.", "display": "Bolivia, named after independence fighter Simón BOLÍVAR, broke away from Spanish rule in 1825. 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"estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "resource-rich economy benefits during commodity booms; has bestowed juridical rights to Mother Earth, impacting extraction industries; increasing Chinese lithium mining trade relations; hard hit by COVID-19; increased fiscal spending amid poverty increases; rampant banking and finance corruption", "display": "resource-rich economy benefits during commodity booms; has bestowed juridical rights to Mother Earth, impacting extraction industries; increasing Chinese lithium mining trade rela…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$122.2 billion (2024 est.) | $120.531 billion (2023 est.) | $116.927 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$122.2 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"lens": "economy", "content": "sugarcane, soybeans, maize, potatoes, sorghum, rice, milk, chicken, plantains, beef (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "sugarcane, soybeans, maize, potatoes, sorghum, rice, milk, chicken, plantains, beef (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "gold, natural gas, precious metal ore, zinc ore, soybean meal (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "gold, natural gas, precious metal ore, zinc ore, soybean meal (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, cars, pesticides, trucks, plastics (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, cars, pesticides, trucks, plastics (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 70% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 70% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.7, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 1.33 million (2022 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 11 (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 1.33 million (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 1330000.0, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 99.9% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 100% | electrification - rural areas: 95.6%", "display": "electrification - total population: 99.9% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 65% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 2.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 3.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 24.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 3.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 65% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "29.34 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "29.34 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "201 (2025)", "display": "201 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 3,960 km (2019) | narrow gauge: 3,960 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge", "display": "total: 3,960 km (2019)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2019 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 50 (2023) | by type: general cargo 30, oil tanker 2, other 18", "display": "total: 50 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "deforestation from agricultural clearing and international demand for timber; soil erosion from overgrazing and poor cultivation methods (including slash-and-burn agriculture); desertification; loss of biodiversity; industrial pollution of water supplies used for drinking and irrigation", "display": "deforestation from agricultural clearing and international demand for timber; soil erosion from overgrazing and poor cultivation methods (including slash-and-burn agriculture); de…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "21.552 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 24,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 13.647 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 7.881 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "21.552 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "574 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "574 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 252.91 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 32 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 1.92 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 252.91 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, | signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Marine Life Conservation", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardo…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/bolivia.json" }, { "entity_id": "bosnia-and-herzegovina", "name": "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "source_code": "BA", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Europe", "roadmap_country": "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "coverage_region": "Europe", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 142, "published_fact_count": 50, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 3653499.0, "area_sq_km": 51197.0, "capital": "Sarajevo", "government_type": "parliamentary republic", "life_expectancy_years": 78.5, "urban_population_percent": 50.3, "internet_users_percent": 83.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 20400.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "After four centuries of Ottoman rule over Bosnia and Herzegovina, Austria-Hungary took control in 1878 and held the region until 1918, when it was incorporated into the newly created Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes. After World War II, Bosnia and Herzegovina joined the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY). | Bosnia and Herzegovina declared sovereignty in October 1991 and independence from the SFRY on 3 March 1992 after a referendum boycotted by ethnic Serbs. Bosnian Serb militias, with the support of Serbia and Croatia, then tried to take control of territories they claimed as their own. From 1992 to 1995, ethnic cleansing campaigns killed thousands and displaced more than two million people. On 21 November 1995, in Dayton, Ohio, the warring parties initialed a peace agreement, and the final agreement was signed in Paris on 14 December 1995. | The Dayton Accords retained Bosnia and Herzegovina's international boundaries and created a multiethnic and democratic government composed of two entities roughly equal in size: the predominantly Bosniak-Bosnian Croat Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the predominantly Bosnian Serb-led Republika Srpska (RS). The Dayton Accords also established the Office of the High Representative to oversee the agreement's implementation. In 1996, the NATO-led Stabilization Force (SFOR) took over responsibility for enforcing the peace. In 2004, European Union peacekeeping troops (EUFOR) replaced SFOR. As of 2022, EUFOR deploys around 1,600 troops in Bosnia in a peacekeeping capacity. Bosnia and Herzegovina became an official candidate for EU membership in 2022.", "display": "After four centuries of Ottoman rule over Bosnia and Herzegovina, Austria-Hungary took control in 1878 and held the region until 1918, when it was incorporated into the newly crea…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1918 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea and Croatia", "display": "Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea and Croatia", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Europe", "display": "Europe", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 51,197 sq km | land: 51,187 sq km | water: 10 sq km", "display": "total : 51,197 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 51197.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "20 km", "display": "20 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mountains and valleys", "display": "mountains and valleys", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "hot summers and cold winters; areas of high elevation have short, cool summers and long, severe winters; mild, rainy winters along coast", "display": "hot summers and cold winters; areas of high elevation have short, cool summers and long, severe winters; mild, rainy winters along coast", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Maglic 2,386 m | lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m | mean elevation: 500 m", "display": "highest point: Maglic 2,386 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "destructive earthquakes", "display": "destructive earthquakes", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "coal, iron ore, antimony, bauxite, copper, lead, zinc, chromite, cobalt, manganese, nickel, clay, gypsum, salt, sand, timber, hydropower", "display": "coal, iron ore, antimony, bauxite, copper, lead, zinc, chromite, cobalt, manganese, nickel, clay, gypsum, salt, sand, timber, hydropower", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "the northern and central areas of the country are the most densely populated", "display": "the northern and central areas of the country are the most densely populated", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 3,653,499 (2025 est.) | male: 1,778,548 | female: 1,874,951", "display": "total: 3,653,499 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 3653499.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "-0.67% (2025 est.)", "display": "-0.67% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": -0.0067, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 50.3% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.61% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 50.3% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Bosnian (official) 52.9%, Serbian (official) 30.8%, Croatian (official) 14.6%, other 1.6%, no answer 0.2% (2013 est.) | major-language sample(s): | Knjiga svjetskih činjenica, neophodan izvor osnovnih informacija. (Bosnian) | Knjiga svetskih činjenica, neophodan izvor osnovnih informacija. (Serbian) | Knjiga svjetskih činjenica, nužan izvor osnovnih informacija. (Croatian) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Bosnian (official) 52.9%, Serbian (official) 30.8%, Croatian (official) 14.6%, other 1.6%, no answer 0.2% (2013 est.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2013 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Muslim 50.7%, Orthodox 30.7%, Roman Catholic 15.2%, atheist 0.8%, agnostic 0.3%, other 1.2%, undeclared/no answer 1.1% (2013 est.)", "display": "Muslim 50.7%, Orthodox 30.7%, Roman Catholic 15.2%, atheist 0.8%, agnostic 0.3%, other 1.2%, undeclared/no answer 1.1% (2013 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2013 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 78.5 years (2024 est.) | male: 75.5 years | female: 81.6 years", "display": "total population: 78.5 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 78.5, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 45.7 years (2025 est.) | male: 43.1 years | female: 46.5 years", "display": "total: 45.7 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "346,000 SARAJEVO (capital) (2023)", "display": "346,000 SARAJEVO (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 14 years (2023 est.) | male: 14 years (2023 est.) | female: 15 years (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 14 years (2023 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: none | conventional short form: Bosnia and Herzegovina | local long form: none | local short form: Bosna i Hercegovina | former: People's Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina | abbreviation: BiH | etymology: the larger northern territory is named for the Bosna River; the smaller southern section takes its name from the Old Serbian word herceg , meaning \"duke,\" combined with the possessive - ov and the suffix - ina , meaning \"country,\" to denote \"dukedom\"", "display": "conventional long form: none", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Sarajevo | geographic coordinates: 43 52 N, 18 25 E | time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October | etymology: the name derives from the Turkish word saray , meaning \"palace\" or \"mansion\"", "display": "name: Sarajevo", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary republic", "display": "parliamentary republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law system; Constitutional Court review of legislative acts", "display": "civil law system; Constitutional Court review of legislative acts", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: 14 December 1995 (constitution included as part of the Dayton Peace Accords) | amendment process: decided by the Parliamentary Assembly, including a two-thirds majority vote of members present in the House of Representatives; the constitutional article on human rights and fundamental freedoms cannot be amended | note: each of the political entities has its own constitution", "display": "history: 14 December 1995 (constitution included as part of the Dayton Peace Accords)", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1995 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "3 first-order administrative divisions - Brcko District (Brcko Distrikt) (ethnically mixed), Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine) (predominantly Bosniak-Croat), Republika Srpska (predominantly Serb)", "display": "3 first-order administrative divisions - Brcko District (Brcko Distrikt) (ethnically mixed), Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine) (predominantly B…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "BIS, CD, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM (observer), OAS (observer), OIC (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, 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and diversification; jointly addressing structural economic challenges; Chinese energy infr…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$64.641 billion (2024 est.) | $63.077 billion (2023 est.) | $61.843 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$64.641 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 64.641, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$20,400 (2024 est.) | $19,800 (2023 est.) | $19,300 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$20,400 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 20400.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.5% (2024 est.) | 2% (2023 est.) | 4.2% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "2.5% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "1.7% (2024 est.) | 6.1% (2023 est.) | 14% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "1.7% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.017, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "10.8% (2024 est.) | 10.7% (2023 est.) | 12.7% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "10.8% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.10800000000000001, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "steel, coal, iron ore, lead, zinc, manganese, bauxite, aluminum, motor vehicle assembly, textiles, tobacco products, wooden furniture, ammunition, domestic appliances, oil refining", "display": "steel, coal, iron ore, lead, zinc, manganese, bauxite, aluminum, motor vehicle assembly, textiles, tobacco products, wooden furniture, ammunition, domestic appliances, oil refining", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "maize, milk, vegetables, potatoes, plums, wheat, apples, barley, chicken, tomatoes (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "maize, milk, vegetables, potatoes, plums, wheat, apples, barley, chicken, tomatoes (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "footwear, electricity, garments, plastic products, insulated wire (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "footwear, electricity, garments, plastic products, insulated wire (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, cars, garments, plastic products, packaged medicine (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, cars, garments, plastic products, packaged medicine (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 83% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 83% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.83, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 908,000 (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 29 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 908,000 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 908000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 64% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 0.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 2.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 31.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 1.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 64% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "91.227 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "91.227 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "20 (2025)", "display": "20 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 1 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 1 | very small: 0 | ports with oil terminals: 0 | key ports: Neum", "display": "total ports: 1 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 965 km (2014) | standard gauge: 965 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge (565 km electrified)", "display": "total: 965 km (2014)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2014 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "air pollution; deforestation and illegal logging; inadequate wastewater treatment and flood management facilities; urban waste disposal; uncleared land mines from the 1990s", "display": "air pollution; deforestation and illegal logging; inadequate wastewater treatment and flood management facilities; urban waste disposal; uncleared land mines from the 1990s", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "24.513 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 19.292 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 4.785 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 436,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "24.513 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "37.5 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "37.5 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 320 million cubic meters (2022) | industrial: 475 million cubic meters (2022)", "display": "municipal: 320 million cubic meters (2022)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered S…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/bosnia-and-herzegovina.json" }, { "entity_id": "botswana", "name": "Botswana", "source_code": "BW", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Africa", "roadmap_country": "Botswana", "coverage_region": "Africa", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 141, "published_fact_count": 49, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 2521534.0, "area_sq_km": 581730.0, "capital": "Gaborone", "government_type": "parliamentary republic", "life_expectancy_years": 66.4, "urban_population_percent": 72.9, "internet_users_percent": 81.0, "electricity_access_percent": 75.9, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 18100.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": true }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "In the early 1800s, multiple political entities in what is now Botswana were destabilized or destroyed by a series of conflicts and population movements in southern Africa. By the end of this period, the Tswana ethnic group, who also live across the border in South Africa, had become the most prominent group in the area. In 1852, Tswana forces halted the expansion of white Afrikaner settlers who were seeking to expand their territory northwards into what is now Botswana. In 1885, Great Britain claimed territory that roughly corresponds with modern day Botswana as a protectorate called Bechuanaland. Upon independence in 1966, the British protectorate of Bechuanaland adopted the new name of Botswana, which means \"land of the Tswana.\" | More than five decades of uninterrupted civilian leadership, progressive social policies, and significant capital investment have created an enduring democracy and upper-middle-income economy. The ruling Botswana Democratic Party has won every national election since independence; President Mokgweetsi Eric Keabetswe MASISI assumed the presidency in 2018 after the retirement of former President Ian KHAMA due to constitutional term limits. MASISI won his first election as president in 2019, and he is Botswana’s fifth president since independence. Mineral extraction, principally diamond mining, dominates economic activity, though tourism is a growing sector due to the country's conservation practices and extensive nature preserves. Botswana has one of the world's highest rates of HIV/AIDS infection but also one of Africa's most progressive and comprehensive programs for dealing with the disease.", "display": "In the early 1800s, multiple political entities in what is now Botswana were destabilized or destroyed by a series of conflicts and population movements in southern Africa. By the…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1966 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southern Africa, north of South Africa", "display": "Southern Africa, north of South Africa", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Africa", "display": "Africa", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 581,730 sq km | land: 566,730 sq km | water: 15,000 sq km", "display": "total : 581,730 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 581730.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "0 km (landlocked)", "display": "0 km (landlocked)", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "predominantly flat to gently rolling tableland; Kalahari Desert in southwest", "display": "predominantly flat to gently rolling tableland; Kalahari Desert in southwest", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "semiarid; warm winters and hot summers", "display": "semiarid; warm winters and hot summers", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Manyelanong Hill 1,495 m | lowest point: junction of the Limpopo and Shashe Rivers 513 m | mean elevation: 1,013 m", "display": "highest point: Manyelanong Hill 1,495 m", 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null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Botswana | conventional short form: Botswana | local long form: Republic of Botswana | local short form: Botswana | former: Bechuanaland | etymology: the name Botswana means \"Land of the Tswana,\" referring to the country's largest ethnic group", "display": "conventional long form: Republic of Botswana", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Gaborone | geographic coordinates: 24 38 S, 25 54 E | time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: named after GABORONE (ca. 1825-1931), a chief of the Tlokwa tribe, whose name means \"it is not unbecoming\"", "display": "name: Gaborone", "source_field": 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proposed by the National Assembly; passage requires approval in two successive Assembly votes with at least two-thirds majority in the final vote; proposals to amend constitutional provisions on fundamental rights and freedoms, the structure and branches of government, and public services also requires approval by majority vote in a referendum and assent by the president of the republic", "display": "history: previous 1960 (pre-independence); latest adopted March 1965, effective 30 September 1966", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1960 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "10 districts and 6 town councils*; Central, Chobe, Francistown*, Gaborone*, Ghanzi, Jwaneng*, Kgalagadi, Kgatleng, Kweneng, Lobatse*, North East, North West, Selebi-Phikwe*, South East, Southern, Sowa Town*", "display": "10 districts and 6 town councils*; 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"economy", "content": "root vegetables, beef, vegetables, sorghum, maize, game meat, milk, watermelons, goat milk, sunflower seeds (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "root vegetables, beef, vegetables, sorghum, maize, game meat, milk, watermelons, goat milk, sunflower seeds (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "diamonds, copper ore, insulated wire, carbonates, cattle (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "diamonds, copper ore, insulated wire, carbonates, cattle (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, 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"electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 75.9% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 95.5% | electrification - rural areas: 25%", "display": "electrification - total population: 75.9% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 99.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 99.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "32.443 million 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"source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "5.897 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 2.818 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 3.079 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "5.897 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "12.24 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "12.24 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 129.327 million cubic meters (2022) | industrial: 24.295 million cubic meters (2022) | agricultural: 59.661 million cubic meters (2022)", "display": "municipal: 129.327 million cubic meters (2022)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nucle…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/botswana.json" }, { "entity_id": "bouvet-island", "name": "Bouvet Island", "source_code": "BV", "source_entity_class": "dependency-or-territory", "source_region": "Antarctic Region", "roadmap_country": null, "coverage_region": null, "roadmap_status": "additional", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 24, "published_fact_count": 13, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions" ], "summary": { "population": null, "area_sq_km": 49.0, "capital": null, "government_type": null, "life_expectancy_years": null, "urban_population_percent": null, "internet_users_percent": null, "electricity_access_percent": null, "gdp_per_capita_usd": null, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": null, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "This uninhabited volcanic island in Antarctica is almost entirely covered by glaciers, making it difficult to approach. Bouvet Island is recognized as the most remote island on Earth because it is furthest from any other point of land (1,639 km from Antarctica). The island was named after the French naval officer who discovered it in 1739, although no country laid claim to it until 1825, when the British flag was raised. A few expeditions visited the island in the late 19th century. In 1929, the UK waived its claim in favor of Norway, which had occupied the island two years previously. In 1971, Norway designated Bouvet Island and the adjacent territorial waters as a nature reserve. Since 1977, Norway has run an automated meteorological station and studied foraging strategies and distribution of fur seals and penguins on the island. In 2006, an earthquake weakened the station's foundation, causing it to be blown out to sea in a winter storm. Norway erected a new research station in 2014 that can hold six people for periods of two to four months.", "display": "This uninhabited volcanic island in Antarctica is almost entirely covered by glaciers, making it difficult to approach. Bouvet Island is recognized as the most remote island on Ea…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1929 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "island in the South Atlantic Ocean, southwest of the Cape of Good Hope (South Africa)", "display": "island in the South Atlantic Ocean, southwest of the Cape of Good Hope (South Africa)", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Antarctic Region", "display": "Antarctic Region", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 49 sq km | land: 49 sq km | water: 0 sq km", "display": "total : 49 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 49.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "29.6 km", "display": "29.6 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "volcanic; coast is mostly inaccessible", "display": "volcanic; coast is mostly inaccessible", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "antarctic", "display": "antarctic", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Olavtoppen (Olav Peak) 780 m | lowest point: South Atlantic Ocean 0 m", "display": "highest point: Olavtoppen (Olav Peak) 780 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "occasional volcanism, rock slides; harsh climate, surrounded by pack ice in winter", "display": "occasional volcanism, rock slides; harsh climate, surrounded by pack ice in winter", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "none", "display": "none", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: uninhabited | note: a small, seasonal research station is located in the northwest corner of Bouvet Island", "display": "total: uninhabited", "source_field": "Population", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: none | conventional short form: Bouvet Island | etymology: named after the French naval officer Jean-Baptiste Charles BOUVET who discovered the island in 1739 | note: pronounced boo-vay i-land", "display": "conventional long form: none", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "the laws of Norway apply", "display": "the laws of Norway apply", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/bouvet-island.json" }, { "entity_id": "brazil", "name": "Brazil", "source_code": "BR", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "South America", "roadmap_country": "Brazil", "coverage_region": "Americas", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 159, "published_fact_count": 52, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 221359387.0, "area_sq_km": 8515770.0, "capital": "Brasília", "government_type": "federal presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 76.3, "urban_population_percent": 87.8, "internet_users_percent": 84.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 19600.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "After more than three centuries under Portuguese rule, Brazil gained its independence in 1822, maintaining a monarchical system of government until the abolition of slavery in 1888 and the subsequent proclamation of a republic by the military in 1889. Brazilian coffee exporters politically dominated the country until populist leader Getúlio VARGAS rose to power in 1930. VARGAS governed through various versions of democratic and authoritarian regimes from 1930 to 1945. Democratic rule returned in 1945 -- including a democratically elected VARGAS administration from 1951 to 1954 -- and lasted until 1964, when the military overthrew President João GOULART. The military regime censored journalists and repressed and tortured dissidents in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The dictatorship lasted until 1985, when the military regime peacefully ceded power to civilian rulers, and the Brazilian Congress passed its current constitution in 1988. | By far the largest and most populous country in South America, Brazil continues to pursue industrial and agricultural growth and development of its interior. Having successfully weathered a period of global financial difficulty in the late 20th century, Brazil was soon seen as one of the world's strongest emerging markets and a contributor to global growth under President Luiz Inácio LULA da Silva (2003-2010). The awarding of the 2014 FIFA World Cup and 2016 Summer Olympic Games -- the first ever to be held in South America -- to Brazil was symbolic of the country's rise. However, from about 2013 to 2016, Brazil was plagued by a sagging economy, high unemployment, and high inflation, only emerging from recession in 2017. Congress removed then-President Dilma ROUSSEFF (2011-2016) from office in 2016 for having committed impeachable acts against Brazil's budgetary laws, and her vice president, Michel TEMER, served the remainder of her second term. A money-laundering investigation, Operation Lava Jato, uncovered a vast corruption scheme and prosecutors charged several high-profile Brazilian politicians with crimes. Former President LULA was convicted of accepting bribes and served jail time (2018-19), although his conviction was overturned in 2021. LULA's revival became complete in 2022 when he narrowly defeated incumbent Jair BOLSONARO (2019-2022) in the presidential election. 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less common languages include Spanish (border areas and schools), German, Italian, Japanese, English, and many minor Amerindian languages | major-language sample(s): | O Livro de Fatos Mundiais, a fonte indispensável para informação básica. 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at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 76.3 years (2024 est.) | male: 72.6 years | female: 80.1 years", "display": "total population: 76.3 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 76.3, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 35.4 years (2025 est.) | male: 34 years | female: 36.1 years", "display": "total: 35.4 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "22.620 million São Paulo, 13.728 million Rio de Janeiro, 6.248 million Belo Horizonte, 4.873 million BRASÍLIA (capital), 4.264 million Recife, 4.212 million Porto Alegre (2023)", "display": "22.620 million São Paulo, 13.728 million Rio de 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{ "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Federative Republic of Brazil | conventional short form: Brazil | local long form: República Federativa do Brasil | local short form: Brasil | etymology: the country name derives from the brazil tree that used to grow plentifully along the coast of Brazil and that was used to produce a deep red dye", "display": "conventional long form: Federative Republic of Brazil", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Brasília | geographic coordinates: 15 47 S, 47 55 W | time difference: UTC-3 (2 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | time zone note: Brazil has four time zones, including one for the Fernando de Noronha Islands | etymology: the name is the Latinized form of the country name, bestowed on 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process: proposed by at least one third of either house of the National Congress, by the president of the republic, or by simple majority vote by more than half of the state legislative assemblies; passage requires at least three-fifths majority vote by both houses in each of two readings; constitutional provisions affecting the federal form of government, separation of powers, suffrage, or individual rights and guarantees cannot be amended", "display": "history: several previous; latest ratified 5 October 1988", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1988 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "26 states ( estados , singular - estado ) and 1 federal district* (distrito federal); Acre, Alagoas, Amapa, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceara, Distrito Federal*, Espirito Santo, Goias, Maranhao, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Para, Paraiba, 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"upper-middle-income, largest Latin American economy; Mercosur, BRICS, G20 member and OECD accession candidate; growth driven by strong domestic consumption; monetary tightening he…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$4.165 trillion (2024 est.) | $4.029 trillion (2023 est.) | $3.902 trillion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$4.165 trillion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 4165.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$19,600 (2024 est.) | $19,100 (2023 est.) | $18,600 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$19,600 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 19600.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3.4% (2024 est.) | 3.2% (2023 est.) | 3% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "3.4% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "4.4% (2024 est.) | 4.6% (2023 est.) | 9.3% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "4.4% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.044000000000000004, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "7.7% (2024 est.) | 8% (2023 est.) | 9.3% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "7.7% (2024 est.)", "source_field": 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null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 8.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | nuclear: 2.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 6.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 13.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 60.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 8.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 8.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "48.889 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "48.889 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "5,297 (2025)", "display": "5,297 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 45 (2024) | large: 4 | medium: 7 | small: 19 | very small: 15 | ports with oil terminals: 31 | key ports: Belem, DTSE/Gegua Oil Terminal, Itajai, Port de Salvador, Porto Alegre, Recife, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande, Santos, Tubarao, Vitoria", "display": "total ports: 45 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 29,849.9 km (2014) | standard gauge: 194 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge | narrow gauge: 23,341.6 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge (24 km electrified) | broad gauge: 5,822.3 km (2014) 1.600-m gauge (498.3 km electrified) | dual gauge: 492 km (2014) 1.600-1.000-m gauge", "display": "total: 29,849.9 km (2014)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2014 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 888 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 13, container ship 20, general cargo 38, oil tanker 27, other 790", "display": "total: 888 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "deforestation in Amazon Basin; illegal wildlife trade; illegal poaching; air and water pollution in Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, and other large cities; land degradation and water pollution from mining; wetland degradation; oil spills", "display": "deforestation in Amazon Basin; illegal wildlife trade; illegal poaching; air and water pollution in Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, and other large cities; land degradation and water p…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "437.769 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 53.664 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 331.079 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 53.026 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "437.769 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "8.647 trillion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "8.647 trillion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 16.397 billion cubic meters (2022) | industrial: 10.2 billion cubic meters (2022) | agricultural: 41.336 billion cubic meters (2022)", "display": "municipal: 16.397 billion cubic meters (2022)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: Marine Dumping-London Protocol", "display": "party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Cl…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/brazil.json" }, { "entity_id": "british-indian-ocean-territory", "name": "British Indian Ocean Territory", "source_code": "IO", "source_entity_class": "dependency-or-territory", "source_region": "Political Map of the World", "roadmap_country": null, "coverage_region": null, "roadmap_status": "additional", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 44, "published_fact_count": 22, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": null, "area_sq_km": 60.0, "capital": "administered from London; often regarded as being on Diego Garcia", "government_type": null, "life_expectancy_years": null, "urban_population_percent": null, "internet_users_percent": null, "electricity_access_percent": null, "gdp_per_capita_usd": null, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": null, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Formerly administered as part of the British Crown Colony of Mauritius, the British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) was established as an overseas territory of the UK in 1965. A number of the islands in the territory were later transferred to the Seychelles when it gained independence in 1976. Subsequently, BIOT has consisted of the six main island groups that make up the Chagos Archipelago. Only Diego Garcia, the largest and most southerly of the islands, is inhabited. It contains a joint UK-US naval support facility and hosts one of four dedicated ground antennas that assist in the operation of the Global Positioning System (GPS) navigation system -- the others are on Kwajalein (Marshall Islands); at Cape Canaveral, Florida (US); and on Ascension Island (Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha). The US Air Force also operates a telescope array on Diego Garcia as part of the Ground-Based Electro-Optical Deep Space Surveillance System (GEODSS) for tracking orbital debris, which can be a hazard to spacecraft and astronauts. | Between 1967 and 1973, the former agricultural workers who lived on the islands were relocated, primarily to Mauritius but also to the Seychelles. Negotiations with the UK between 1971 and 1982 resulted in the establishment of a trust fund to compensate the displaced islanders, known as Chagossians. Beginning in 1998, the islanders pursued a series of lawsuits against the British Government, seeking further compensation and the right to return to the territory. British court rulings in 2006 and 2007 invalidated immigration policies that had excluded the islanders from the archipelago, but in 2008, the House of Lords -- the final court of appeal in the UK -- ruled in favor of the British Government by overturning the lower court rulings and finding no right of return for the Chagossians. In 2015, the Permanent Court of Arbitration unanimously held that the marine protected area that the UK declared around the Chagos Archipelago in 2010 violated the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea. | In 2019, the International Court of Justice ruled in an advisory opinion that Britain’s decolonization of Mauritius was not lawful because of continued Chagossian claims. A non-binding 2019 UN General Assembly vote demanded that Britain end its “colonial administration” of the Chagos Archipelago and that it be returned to Mauritius. On 22 May 2025, the United Kingdom and Mauritius signed an agreement that will lead to the transfer of sovereignty of the Chagos Archipelago to Mauritius. Under the agreement, the United Kingdom will lease Diego Garcia from Mauritius for 99 years and maintain full operational control of the joint UK-US military base.", "display": "Formerly administered as part of the British Crown Colony of Mauritius, the British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) was established as an overseas territory of the UK in 1965. A num…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1965 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "archipelago in the Indian Ocean, south of India, about halfway between Africa and Indonesia", "display": "archipelago in the Indian Ocean, south of India, about halfway between Africa and Indonesia", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Political Map of the World", "display": "Political Map of the World", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 60 sq km | land: 60 sq km (44 Diego Garcia) | water: 54,340 sq km | note: includes the entire Chagos Archipelago of 55 islands", "display": "total : 60 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 60.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "698 km", "display": "698 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "flat and low coral atolls (most areas do not exceed 2 m, or 6.6 ft, in elevation); sits atop the submarine volcanic Chagos-Laccadive Ridge", "display": "flat and low coral atolls (most areas do not exceed 2 m, or 6.6 ft, in elevation); sits atop the submarine volcanic Chagos-Laccadive Ridge", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical marine; hot, humid, moderated by trade winds", "display": "tropical marine; hot, humid, moderated by trade winds", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: ocean-side dunes on Diego Garcia 9 m | lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m", "display": "highest point: ocean-side dunes on Diego Garcia 9 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "none; located outside routes of Indian Ocean cyclones", "display": "none; located outside routes of Indian Ocean cyclones", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "coconuts, fish, sugarcane", "display": "coconuts, fish, sugarcane", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: no permanent inhabitants | note: Diego Garcia, the largest of the 58 islands, hosts a joint UK-US military facility", "display": "total: no permanent inhabitants", "source_field": "Population", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: British Indian Ocean Territory | conventional short form: none | abbreviation: BIOT | etymology: self-descriptive name specifying the territory's affiliation and location", "display": "conventional long form: British Indian Ocean Territory", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: administered from London; often regarded as being on Diego Garcia | geographic coordinates: 7 18S, 12 24E | time difference: UTC+6 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)", "display": "name: administered from London; often regarded as being on Diego Garcia", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "the laws of the UK apply", "display": "the laws of the UK apply", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: British Indian Ocean Territory (Constitution) Order 2004", "display": "history: British Indian Ocean Territory (Constitution) Order 2004", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2004 }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "UPU", "display": "UPU", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "small island territory economy; economic activity mainly on Diego Garcia with national military installations; recently settled disputes with Mauritius have increased oil exports; established marine reserve has limited commercial fishing", "display": "small island territory economy; economic activity mainly on Diego Garcia with national military installations; recently settled disputes with Mauritius have increased oil exports;…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "fish (2023) | note: top export commodities based on value in dollars over $500,000", "display": "fish (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, animal products, aluminum structures, insulated wire, prefabricated buildings (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, animal products, aluminum structures, insulated wire, prefabricated buildings (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "1 (2025)", "display": "1 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 1 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 0 | very small: 1 | ports with oil terminals: 1 | key ports: Diego Garcia", "display": "total ports: 1 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "wastewater discharge into the lagoon on Diego Garcia", "display": "wastewater discharge into the lagoon on Diego Garcia", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/british-indian-ocean-territory.json" }, { "entity_id": "british-virgin-islands", "name": "British Virgin Islands", "source_code": "VG", "source_entity_class": "dependency-or-territory", "source_region": "Central America and the Caribbean", "roadmap_country": null, "coverage_region": null, "roadmap_status": "additional", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 100, "published_fact_count": 44, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 40102.0, "area_sq_km": 151.0, "capital": "Road Town", "government_type": "Overseas Territory of the UK with limited self-government; parliamentary democracy", "life_expectancy_years": 80.1, "urban_population_percent": 49.7, "internet_users_percent": 78.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 40500.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "First inhabited by Arawak and later by Carib Indians, the Virgin Islands were settled by the Dutch in 1648 and then annexed by the English in 1672. The islands were part of the British colony of the Leeward Islands (1872-1960); they were granted autonomy in 1967. The economy is closely tied to the larger and more populous US Virgin Islands to the west, and the US dollar is the legal currency. In 2017, Hurricane Irma devastated the island of Tortola. An estimated 80% of residential and business structures were destroyed or damaged, communications disrupted, and local roads rendered impassable.", "display": "First inhabited by Arawak and later by Carib Indians, the Virgin Islands were settled by the Dutch in 1648 and then annexed by the English in 1672. The islands were part of the Br…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1960 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Caribbean, between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east of Puerto Rico", "display": "Caribbean, between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east of Puerto Rico", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Central America and the Caribbean", "display": "Central America and the Caribbean", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 151 sq km | land: 151 sq km | water: 0 sq km | note: comprised of 16 inhabited and more than 20 uninhabited islands; includes the islands of Tortola, Anegada, Virgin Gorda, Jost van Dyke", "display": "total : 151 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 151.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "80 km", "display": "80 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "coral islands relatively flat; volcanic islands steep, hilly", "display": "coral islands relatively flat; volcanic islands steep, hilly", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "subtropical; humid; temperatures moderated by trade winds", "display": "subtropical; humid; temperatures moderated by trade winds", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Mount Sage 521 m | lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m", "display": "highest point: Mount Sage 521 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "hurricanes and tropical storms (July to October)", "display": "hurricanes and tropical storms (July to October)", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "NEGL; pleasant climate, beaches foster tourism", "display": "NEGL; pleasant climate, beaches foster tourism", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "a fairly even distribution throughout the inhabited islands, with the largest islands of Tortola, Anegada, Virgin Gorda, and Jost Van Dyke having the largest populations", "display": "a fairly even distribution throughout the inhabited islands, with the largest islands of Tortola, Anegada, Virgin Gorda, and Jost Van Dyke having the largest populations", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 40,102 (2024 est.) | male: 19,042 | female: 21,060", "display": "total: 40,102 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 40102.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.78% (2025 est.)", "display": "1.78% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0178, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 49.7% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 1.73% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 49.7% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "English (official), Virgin Islands Creole", "display": "English (official), Virgin Islands Creole", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Protestant 70.2% (Methodist 17.6%, Church of God 10.4%, Anglican 9.5%, Seventh Day Adventist 9.0%, Pentecostal 8.2%, Baptist 7.4%, New Testament Church of God 6.9%, other Protestant 1.2%), Roman Catholic 8.9%, Jehovah's Witness 2.5%, Hindu 1.9%, other 6.2%, none 7.9%, unspecified 2.4% (2010 est.)", "display": "Protestant 70.2% (Methodist 17.6%, Church of God 10.4%, Anglican 9.5%, Seventh Day Adventist 9.0%, Pentecostal 8.2%, Baptist 7.4%, New Testament Church of God 6.9%, other Protesta…", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2010 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 80.1 years (2024 est.) | male: 78.6 years | female: 81.7 years", "display": "total population: 80.1 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 80.1, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 38.8 years (2025 est.) | male: 38.1 years | female: 38.9 years", "display": "total: 38.8 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "15,000 ROAD TOWN (capital) (2018)", "display": "15,000 ROAD TOWN (capital) (2018)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 11 years (2022 est.) | male: 11 years (2022 est.) | female: 11 years (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 11 years (2022 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: none | conventional short form: British Virgin Islands | abbreviation: BVI | etymology: the islets, cays, and rocks surrounding the major islands reminded explorer Christopher COLUMBUS in 1493 of Saint Ursula and her 11,000 virgin followers (Santa Ursula y las Once Mil Virgenes), which over time was shortened to the Virgins (las Virgenes)", "display": "conventional long form: none", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Road Town | geographic coordinates: 18 25 N, 64 37 W | time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: name refers to the nautical term \"roadstead\" or \"roads,\" a body of water less sheltered than a harbor but where ships can still lie at anchor", "display": "name: Road Town", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, 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(2025)", "display": "3 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 1 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 1 | small: 0 | very small: 0 | ports with oil terminals: 1 | key ports: Road Harbor", "display": "total ports: 1 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 29 (2023) | by type: general cargo 3, other 26", "display": "total: 29 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "limited natural freshwater resources; water pollution from sewage and mining/industry waste; coral reef 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"source_row_count": 134, "published_fact_count": 50, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 491900.0, "area_sq_km": 5765.0, "capital": "Bandar Seri Begawan", "government_type": "absolute monarchy or sultanate", "life_expectancy_years": 78.9, "urban_population_percent": 79.1, "internet_users_percent": 99.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 79200.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "The Sultanate of Brunei's influence peaked between the 15th and 17th centuries, when its control extended over coastal areas of northwest Borneo and the southern Philippines. Internal strife over royal succession, colonial expansion of European powers, and piracy subsequently brought on a period of decline. In 1888, Brunei became a British protectorate; independence was achieved in 1984. The same family has ruled Brunei for over six centuries, and in 2017, the country celebrated the 50th anniversary of Sultan Hassanal BOLKIAH’s accession to the throne. Brunei has one of the highest per-capita GDPs in the world, thanks to extensive petroleum and natural gas fields.", "display": "The Sultanate of Brunei's influence peaked between the 15th and 17th centuries, when its control extended over coastal areas of northwest Borneo and the southern Philippines. Inte…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1984 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southeastern Asia, along the northern coast of the island of Borneo, bordering the South China Sea and Malaysia", "display": "Southeastern Asia, along the northern coast of the island of Borneo, bordering the South China Sea and Malaysia", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southeast Asia", "display": "Southeast Asia", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 5,765 sq km | land: 5,265 sq km | water: 500 sq km", "display": "total : 5,765 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 5765.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "161 km", "display": "161 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "flat coastal plain rises to mountains in east; hilly lowland in west", "display": "flat coastal plain rises to mountains in east; hilly lowland in west", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical; hot, humid, rainy", "display": "tropical; hot, humid, rainy", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Bukit Pagon 1,850 m | lowest point: South China Sea 0 m | mean elevation: 478 m", "display": "highest point: Bukit Pagon 1,850 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "typhoons, earthquakes, and severe flooding are rare", "display": "typhoons, earthquakes, and severe flooding are rare", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "petroleum, natural gas, timber", "display": "petroleum, natural gas, timber", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "the vast majority of the population is found along the coast in the western part of Brunei, which is separated from the eastern portion by Malaysia; the largest population concentration is in the far north on the western side of the Brunei Bay, in and around the capital of Bandar Seri Begawan", "display": "the vast majority of the population is found along the coast in the western part of Brunei, which is separated from the eastern portion by Malaysia; the largest population concent…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 491,900 (2024 est.) | male: 239,140 | female: 252,760", "display": "total: 491,900 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 491900.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.37% (2025 est.)", "display": "1.37% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0137, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 79.1% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 1.44% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 79.1% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Malay (Bahasa Melayu) (official), English, Chinese dialects | major-language sample(s): | Buku Fakta Dunia, sumber yang diperlukan untuk maklumat asas. (Malay) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Malay (Bahasa Melayu) (official), English, Chinese dialects", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Muslim (official) 82.1%, Christian 6.7%, Buddhist 6.3%, other 4.9% (2021 est.)", "display": "Muslim (official) 82.1%, Christian 6.7%, Buddhist 6.3%, other 4.9% (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 78.9 years (2024 est.) | male: 76.5 years | female: 81.3 years", "display": "total population: 78.9 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 78.9, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 32.6 years (2025 est.) | male: 31.4 years | female: 33.1 years", "display": "total: 32.6 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "266,682 BANDAR SERI BEGAWAN (capital) (2021) | note: the boundaries of the capital city were expanded in 2007, greatly increasing the city area; the population of the capital increased tenfold", "display": "266,682 BANDAR SERI BEGAWAN (capital) (2021)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 14 years (2023 est.) | male: 13 years (2023 est.) | female: 14 years (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 14 years (2023 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Brunei Darussalam | conventional short form: Brunei | local long form: Negara Brunei Darussalam | local short form: Brunei | etymology: derivation of the name is unclear; the name may come from the Sanskrit word bhumi , meaning \"land\" or \"region\"", "display": "conventional long form: Brunei Darussalam", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Bandar Seri Begawan | geographic coordinates: 4 53 N, 114 56 E | time difference: UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | 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divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "4 districts ( daerah-daerah , singular - daerah ); Belait, Brunei dan Muara, Temburong, Tutong", "display": "4 districts ( daerah-daerah , singular - daerah ); Belait, Brunei dan Muara, Temburong, Tutong", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ADB, APEC, ARF, ASEAN, C, CP, EAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIFIL, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ADB, APEC, ARF, ASEAN, C, CP, EAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW, U…", 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"Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 93000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 99.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 99.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "403.365 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "403.365 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "2 (2025)", "display": "2 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 5 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 2 | very small: 3 | ports with oil terminals: 5 | key ports: Bandar Seri Begawan, Kuala Belait, Lumut, Muara Harbor, Seria Oil Loading Terminal", "display": "total ports: 5 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 97 (2023) | by type: general cargo 18, oil tanker 2, other 77", "display": "total: 97 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "air pollution, including seasonal haze from forest fires in Indonesia", "display": "air pollution, including seasonal haze from forest fires in Indonesia", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "10.823 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 998,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 2.175 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 7.65 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "10.823 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "8.5 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "8.5 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 151.5 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 5.3 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 151.5 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardo…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/brunei.json" }, { "entity_id": "bulgaria", "name": "Bulgaria", "source_code": "BG", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Europe", "roadmap_country": "Bulgaria", "coverage_region": "Europe", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 152, "published_fact_count": 51, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 6737997.0, "area_sq_km": 110879.0, "capital": "Sofia", "government_type": "parliamentary republic", "life_expectancy_years": 76.1, "urban_population_percent": 76.7, "internet_users_percent": 80.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 34100.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "The Bulgars, a Central Asian Turkic tribe, merged with the local Slavic inhabitants in the late 7th century to form the first Bulgarian state. In succeeding centuries, Bulgaria struggled with the Byzantine Empire to assert its place in the Balkans, but by the end of the 14th century, the Ottoman Turks overran the country. Northern Bulgaria attained autonomy in 1878, and all of Bulgaria became independent from the Ottoman Empire in 1908. Having fought on the losing side in both World Wars, Bulgaria fell within the Soviet sphere of influence and became a People's Republic in 1946. Communist domination ended in 1990, when Bulgaria held its first multiparty election since World War II and began the contentious process of moving toward political democracy and a market economy while combating inflation, unemployment, corruption, and crime. The country joined NATO in 2004, the EU in 2007, and the Schengen Area for air and sea travel in 2024.", "display": "The Bulgars, a Central Asian Turkic tribe, merged with the local Slavic inhabitants in the late 7th century to form the first Bulgarian state. In succeeding centuries, Bulgaria st…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1908 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Romania and Turkey", "display": "Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Romania and Turkey", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Europe", "display": "Europe", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 110,879 sq km | land: 108,489 sq km | water: 2,390 sq km", "display": "total : 110,879 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 110879.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "354 km", "display": "354 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly mountains with lowlands in north and southeast", "display": "mostly mountains with lowlands in north and southeast", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "temperate; cold, damp winters; hot, dry summers", "display": "temperate; cold, damp winters; hot, dry summers", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Musala 2,925 m | lowest point: Black Sea 0 m | mean elevation: 472 m", "display": "highest point: Musala 2,925 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "earthquakes; landslides", "display": "earthquakes; landslides", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "bauxite, copper, lead, zinc, coal, timber, arable land", "display": "bauxite, copper, lead, zinc, coal, timber, arable land", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger populations", "display": "a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger populations", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 6,737,997 (2025 est.) | male: 3,281,215 | female: 3,456,782", "display": "total: 6,737,997 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 6737997.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "-0.66% (2025 est.)", "display": "-0.66% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": -0.0066, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 76.7% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: -0.28% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 76.7% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Bulgarian (official) 77.3%, Turkish 7.9%, Romani 3.5%, other 1%, unspecified 10.4% (2021 est.) | major-language sample(s): | Светoвен Алманах, незаменимият източник за основна информация. (Bulgarian) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Bulgarian (official) 77.3%, Turkish 7.9%, Romani 3.5%, other 1%, unspecified 10.4% (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Christian 64.7%, Muslim 9.8%, other 0.1%, none 4.7%, unspecified 20.7% (2021 est.)", "display": "Christian 64.7%, Muslim 9.8%, other 0.1%, none 4.7%, unspecified 20.7% (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 76.1 years (2024 est.) | male: 72.9 years | female: 79.4 years", "display": "total population: 76.1 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 76.1, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 45.5 years (2025 est.) | male: 43.3 years | female: 47 years", "display": "total: 45.5 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.288 million SOFIA (capital) (2023)", "display": "1.288 million SOFIA (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 15 years (2023 est.) | male: 15 years (2023 est.) | female: 16 years (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 15 years (2023 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Bulgaria | conventional short form: Bulgaria | local long form: Republika Bulgaria | local short form: Bulgaria | former: Kingdom of Bulgaria, People's Republic of Bulgaria | etymology: named after the Bulgar tribes who settled the lower Balkan region in the 7th century A.D.; the tribal name may come from the Turkic word bulga , or \"mixed,\" referring to the blend of Turkic and Slavic ethnicities in the tribes", "display": "conventional long form: Republic of Bulgaria", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Sofia | geographic coordinates: 42 41 N, 23 19 E | time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October | etymology: named after the Church of Saint Sofia in the city, parts of which may date to the 4th century", "display": "name: Sofia", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary republic", "display": "parliamentary republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law", "display": "civil law", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: several previous; latest drafted between late 1990 and early 1991, adopted 13 July 1991 | amendment process: proposed by the National Assembly or by the president of the republic; passage requires three-fourths majority vote of National Assembly members in three ballots; signed by the National Assembly chairperson; note - under special circumstances, a \"Grand National Assembly\" is elected with the authority to write a new constitution and amend certain articles of the constitution, including those affecting basic civil rights and national sovereignty; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote in each of several readings", "display": "history: several previous; latest drafted between late 1990 and early 1991, adopted 13 July 1991", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1990 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "28 provinces ( oblasti , singular - oblast ); Blagoevgrad, Burgas, Dobrich, Gabrovo, Haskovo, Kardzhali, Kyustendil, Lovech, Montana, Pazardzhik, Pernik, Pleven, Plovdiv, Razgrad, Ruse, Shumen, Silistra, Sliven, Smolyan, Sofia, Sofia-Grad (Sofia City), Stara Zagora, Targovishte, Varna, Veliko Tarnovo, Vidin, Vratsa, Yambol", "display": "28 provinces ( oblasti , singular - oblast ); Blagoevgrad, Burgas, Dobrich, Gabrovo, Haskovo, Kardzhali, Kyustendil, Lovech, Montana, Pazardzhik, Pernik, Pleven, Plovdiv, Razgrad,…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "Australia Group, BIS, BSEC, CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EU, FAO, G- 9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO (pending member), ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, 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eurozone accession pending; declining energy prices helping lower inflation rate; EU structural funds contributin…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$219.645 billion (2024 est.) | $213.64 billion (2023 est.) | $209.683 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$219.645 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 219.645, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$34,100 (2024 est.) | $33,100 (2023 est.) | $32,400 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$34,100 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 34100.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.8% (2024 est.) | 1.9% (2023 est.) | 4% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "2.8% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.4% (2024 est.) | 9.4% (2023 est.) | 15.3% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "2.4% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.024, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "4.2% (2024 est.) | 4.4% (2023 est.) | 4.3% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "4.2% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.042, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "electricity, gas, water; food, beverages, tobacco; machinery and equipment, automotive parts, base metals, chemical products, coke, refined petroleum, nuclear fuel; outsourcing centers", "display": "electricity, gas, water; food, beverages, tobacco; machinery and equipment, automotive parts, base metals, chemical products, coke, refined petroleum, nuclear fuel; outsourcing ce…", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "wheat, maize, sunflower seeds, barley, milk, rapeseed, grapes, potatoes, triticale, tomatoes (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "wheat, maize, sunflower seeds, barley, milk, rapeseed, grapes, potatoes, triticale, tomatoes (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, garments, refined copper, wheat, natural gas (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, garments, refined copper, wheat, natural gas (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "crude petroleum, copper ore, cars, packaged medicine, electricity (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "crude petroleum, copper ore, cars, packaged medicine, electricity (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 80% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 80% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.8, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 2.45 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 36 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 2.45 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 2450000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 100% | electrification - rural areas: 99.6%", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 35.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | nuclear: 40.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 8.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 7.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 4.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 35.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "102.171 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "102.171 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "107 (2025)", "display": "107 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 2 (2024) | large: 1 | medium: 0 | small: 1 | very small: 0 | ports with oil terminals: 2 | key ports: Burgas, Varna", "display": "total ports: 2 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 4,029 km (2020) 2,871 km electrified", "display": "total: 4,029 km (2020) 2,871 km electrified", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 78 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 2, general cargo 13, oil tanker 8, other 55", "display": "total: 78 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "air pollution from industrial emissions; rivers polluted from raw sewage, heavy metals, detergents; deforestation; forest damage from air pollution and acid rain; soil contamination from heavy metals from metallurgical plants and industrial wastes", "display": "air pollution from industrial emissions; rivers polluted from raw sewage, heavy metals, detergents; deforestation; forest damage from air pollution and acid rain; soil contaminati…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "33.465 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 14.486 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 13.958 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 5.021 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "33.465 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "21.3 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "21.3 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 838 million cubic meters (2022) | industrial: 3.879 billion cubic meters (2022) | agricultural: 726.434 million cubic meters (2022)", "display": "municipal: 838 million cubic meters (2022)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/bulgaria.json" }, { "entity_id": "burkina-faso", "name": "Burkina Faso", "source_code": "BF", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Africa", "roadmap_country": "Burkina Faso", "coverage_region": "Africa", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 143, "published_fact_count": 50, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 23490300.0, "area_sq_km": 274200.0, "capital": "Ouagadougou", "government_type": "presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 64.2, "urban_population_percent": 32.5, "internet_users_percent": 17.0, "electricity_access_percent": 19.5, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 2500.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": true }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Many of Burkina Faso’s ethnic groups arrived in the region between the 12 th and 15 th centuries. The Gurma and Mossi peoples established several of the largest kingdoms in the area and used horse-mounted warriors in military campaigns. Of the various Mossi kingdoms, the most powerful were Ouagadougou and Yatenga. In the late 19th century, European states competed for control of the region. France eventually conquered the area and established it as a French protectorate. | The country achieved independence from France in 1960 and changed its name to Burkina Faso in 1984. Repeated military coups were common in the country’s first few decades. In 1987 Blaise COMPAORE deposed the president, established a government, and ruled for 27 years. In 2014, COMPAORE resigned after protests against his repeated efforts to amend the constitution's two-term presidential limit. An interim administration led a year-long transition, organizing presidential and legislative elections. In 2015, Roch Marc Christian KABORE was elected president, and he was reelected in 2020. In 2022, the military conducted two takeovers: In January, army colonel Paul Henri DAMIBA overthrew KABORE in a coup d'etat, and then in September, army captain Ibrahim TRAORE deposed DAMIBA and declared himself transition president. The transition government planned to hold elections by July 2024, but they may be delayed due to security concerns. | Terrorist groups -- including groups affiliated with Al-Qa’ida and the Islamic State -- began attacks in the country in 2016 and conducted attacks in the capital in 2016, 2017, and 2018. By early 2023, insecurity in Burkina Faso had displaced more than 2 million people and led to significant jumps in humanitarian needs and food insecurity. In addition to terrorism, the country faces a myriad of problems including high population growth, recurring drought, pervasive and perennial food insecurity, and limited natural resources. It is one of the world’s poorest countries.", "display": "Many of Burkina Faso’s ethnic groups arrived in the region between the 12 th and 15 th centuries. The Gurma and Mossi peoples established several of the largest kingdoms in the ar…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1960 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Western Africa, north of Ghana", "display": "Western Africa, north of Ghana", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Africa", "display": "Africa", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 274,200 sq km | land: 273,800 sq km | water: 400 sq km", "display": "total : 274,200 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 274200.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "0 km (landlocked)", "display": "0 km (landlocked)", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly flat to dissected, undulating plains; hills in the west and southeast; o ccupies an extensive plateau with s avanna that is grassy in the north and gradually gives way to sparse forests in the south", "display": "mostly flat to dissected, undulating plains; hills in the west and southeast; o ccupies an extensive plateau with s avanna that is grassy in the north and gradually gives way to s…", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "three climate zones including a hot tropical savanna with a short rainy season in the southern half, a tropical hot semi-arid steppe climate typical of the Sahel region in the northern half, and small area of hot desert in the very north of the country bordering the Sahara Desert", "display": "three climate zones including a hot tropical savanna with a short rainy season in the southern half, a tropical hot semi-arid steppe climate typical of the Sahel region in the nor…", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Tena Kourou 749 m | lowest point: Mouhoun (Black Volta) River 200 m | mean elevation: 297 m", "display": "highest point: Tena Kourou 749 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "recurring droughts", "display": "recurring droughts", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "gold, manganese, zinc, limestone, marble, phosphates, pumice, salt", "display": "gold, manganese, zinc, limestone, marble, phosphates, pumice, salt", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "most of the population is located in the center and south; nearly one third lives in cities, including the capital city of Ouagadougou (Ouaga), as shown in this population distribution map (2019)", "display": "most of the population is located in the center and south; nearly one third lives in cities, including the capital city of Ouagadougou (Ouaga), as shown in this population distrib…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2019 }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 23,490,300 (2025 est.) | male: 11,529,979 | female: 11,960,321", "display": "total: 23,490,300 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 23490300.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "2.39% (2025 est.)", "display": "2.39% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0239, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 32.5% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 4.75% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 32.5% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Mossi 52.9%, Fula 7.8%, Gourmantche 6.8%, Dyula 5.7%, Bissa 3.3%, Gurunsi 3.2%, French (official) 2.2%, Bwamu 2%, Dagara 2%, San 1.7%, Marka 1.6%, Bobo 1.5%, Senufo 1.5%, Lobi 1.2%, other 6.6% (2019 est.)", "display": "Mossi 52.9%, Fula 7.8%, Gourmantche 6.8%, Dyula 5.7%, Bissa 3.3%, Gurunsi 3.2%, French (official) 2.2%, Bwamu 2%, Dagara 2%, San 1.7%, Marka 1.6%, Bobo 1.5%, Senufo 1.5%, Lobi 1.2…", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2019 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Muslim 63.8%, Roman Catholic 20.1%, Animiste 9%, Protestant 6.2%, other 0.2%, none 0.7% (2019 est.)", "display": "Muslim 63.8%, Roman Catholic 20.1%, Animiste 9%, Protestant 6.2%, other 0.2%, none 0.7% (2019 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2019 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 64.2 years (2024 est.) | male: 62.3 years | female: 66.1 years", "display": "total population: 64.2 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 64.2, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 19 years (2025 est.) | male: 17.9 years | female: 19.5 years", "display": "total: 19 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "3.204 million OUAGADOUGOU (capital), 1.129 million Bobo-Dioulasso (2023)", "display": "3.204 million OUAGADOUGOU (capital), 1.129 million Bobo-Dioulasso (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 41.4% (2023 est.) | male: 48.4% (2023 est.) | female: 35.7% (2023 est.)", "display": "total population: 41.4% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 7 years (2023 est.) | male: 7 years (2023 est.) | female: 7 years (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 7 years (2023 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: none | conventional short form: Burkina Faso | local long form: none | local short form: Burkina Faso | former: Upper Volta, Republic of Upper Volta | etymology: name translates as \"Land of the Worthy Men,\" from the Dyula words burkina , or \"worthy,\" and faso , which means \"land\" or literally \"father village,\" from fa , or \"father,\" and so , or \"village\"", "display": "conventional long form: none", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Ouagadougou | geographic coordinates: 12 22 N, 1 31 W | time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: Ouagadougou is a Francophone spelling of the native name \"Wogodogo,\" which may come from the personal name \"Waga\" or \"Woga\" and the Dyula word \"dugu,\" meaning \"village\"", "display": "name: Ouagadougou", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "presidential republic", "display": "presidential republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law based on the French model and customary law", "display": "civil law based on the French model and customary law", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: several previous; latest approved by referendum 2 June 1991, adopted 11 June 1991, temporarily suspended late October to mid-November 2014; initial draft of a new constitution to usher in the new republic was completed in January 2017 and a final draft was submitted to the government in December 2017; a constitutional referendum originally scheduled for adoption in March 2019 was postponed; on 1 March 2022 a transition charter was adopted, allowing military authorities to rule for three years and barring the transitional president from being an electoral candidate after the transition | amendment process: proposed by the president, by a majority of National Assembly membership, or by petition of at least 30,000 eligible voters submitted to the Assembly; passage requires at least three-fourths majority vote in the Assembly; failure to meet that threshold requires majority voter approval in a referendum; constitutional provisions on the form of government, the multiparty system, and national sovereignty cannot be amended", "display": "history: several previous; latest approved by referendum 2 June 1991, adopted 11 June 1991, temporarily suspended late October to mid-November 2014; initial draft of a new constit…", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1991 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "13 regions; Boucle du Mouhoun, Cascades, Centre, Centre-Est, Centre-Nord, Centre-Ouest, Centre-Sud, Est, Hauts-Bassins, Nord, Plateau-Central, Sahel, Sud-Ouest", "display": "13 regions; Boucle du Mouhoun, Cascades, Centre, Centre-Est, Centre-Nord, Centre-Ouest, Centre-Sud, Est, Hauts-Bassins, Nord, Plateau-Central, Sahel, Sud-Ouest", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACP, AfDB, AU (suspended), CD, EITI (compliant country), Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSCA, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNITAR, UNMISS, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ACP, AfDB, AU (suspended), CD, EITI (compliant country), Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "highly agrarian, low-income economy; limited natural resources; widespread poverty; terrorism disrupting potential economic activity; improving trade balance via increases in gold exports; economy inflating after prior deflation; growing public debt but still manageable", "display": "highly agrarian, low-income economy; limited natural resources; widespread poverty; terrorism disrupting potential economic activity; improving trade balance via increases in gold…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$60.001 billion (2024 est.) | $57.152 billion (2023 est.) | $55.508 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$60.001 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 60.001, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$2,500 (2024 est.) | $2,500 (2023 est.) | $2,500 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$2,500 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 2500.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "5% (2024 est.) | 3% (2023 est.) | 1.5% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "5% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "4.2% (2024 est.) | 0.7% (2023 est.) | 14.3% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "4.2% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.042, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "5.2% (2024 est.) | 5.4% (2023 est.) | 5.4% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "5.2% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.052000000000000005, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "cotton lint, beverages, agricultural processing, soap, cigarettes, textiles, gold", "display": "cotton lint, beverages, agricultural processing, soap, cigarettes, textiles, gold", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "maize, sorghum, fruits, vegetables, millet, cowpeas, cotton, groundnuts, sugarcane, rice (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "maize, sorghum, fruits, vegetables, millet, cowpeas, cotton, groundnuts, sugarcane, rice (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "gold, cotton, oil seeds, coconuts/brazil nuts/cashews, cement (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "gold, cotton, oil seeds, coconuts/brazil nuts/cashews, cement (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, plastic products, cement, electricity, packaged medicine (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, plastic products, cement, electricity, packaged medicine (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 17% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 17% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.17, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 15,000 (2022 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2022 est.) less than 1", "display": "total: 15,000 (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 15000.0, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 19.5% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 60.5% | electrification - rural areas: 3.4%", "display": "electrification - total population: 19.5% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 82.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 5.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 6.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 5.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 82.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "3.481 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "3.481 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "49 (2025)", "display": "49 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 622 km (2014) | narrow gauge: 622 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge | note: another 660 km of this railway extends into Cote d'Ivoire", "display": "total: 622 km (2014)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2014 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "droughts; desertification; overgrazing; soil degradation; deforestation (2019)", "display": "droughts; desertification; overgrazing; soil degradation; deforestation (2019)", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2019 }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "5.243 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 7 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 5.243 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "5.243 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "13.5 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "13.5 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 375.6 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 21.7 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 420.7 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 375.6 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: Nuclear Test Ban", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardo…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/burkina-faso.json" }, { "entity_id": "burma-myanmar", "name": "Burma (Myanmar)", "source_code": "MM", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Southeast Asia", "roadmap_country": "Myanmar", "coverage_region": "Asia", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 148, "published_fact_count": 52, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 57931718.0, "area_sq_km": 676578.0, "capital": "Rangoon (aka Yangon, continues to be recognized as the primary Burmese capital by the US Government); Nay Pyi Taw is the administrative capital", "government_type": "military regime", "life_expectancy_years": 70.3, "urban_population_percent": 32.1, "internet_users_percent": 59.0, "electricity_access_percent": 73.7, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 5300.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Burma is home to ethnic Burmans and scores of other ethnic and religious minority groups that have resisted external efforts to consolidate control of the country throughout its history. Britain conquered Burma over a period extending from the 1820s to the 1880s and administered it as a province of India until 1937, when Burma became a self-governing colony. Burma gained full independence in 1948. In 1962, General NE WIN seized power and ruled the country until 1988 when a new military regime took control. | In 1990, the military regime permitted an election but then rejected the results after the main opposition National League for Democracy (NLD) and its leader AUNG SAN SUU KYI (ASSK) won in a landslide. The military regime placed ASSK under house arrest until 2010. In 2007, rising fuel prices in Burma led pro-democracy activists and Buddhist monks to launch a \"Saffron Revolution\" consisting of large protests against the regime, which violently suppressed the movement. The regime prevented new elections until it had drafted a constitution designed to preserve the military's political control; it passed the new constitution in its 2008 referendum. The regime conducted an election in 2010, but the NLD boycotted the vote, and the military’s political proxy, the Union Solidarity and Development Party, easily won; international observers denounced the election as flawed. | Burma nonetheless began a halting process of political and economic reforms. ASSK's return to government in 2012 eventually led to the NLD's sweeping victory in the 2015 election. With ASSK as the de facto head of state, Burma’s first credibly elected civilian government drew international criticism for blocking investigations into Burma’s military operations -- which the US Department of State determined constituted genocide -- against its ethnic Rohingya population. When the 2020 elections resulted in further NLD gains, the military denounced the vote as fraudulent. In 2021, the military's senior leader General MIN AUNG HLAING launched a coup that returned Burma to authoritarian rule, with military crackdowns that undid reforms and resulted in the detention of ASSK and thousands of pro-democracy actors. | Pro-democracy organizations have formed in the wake of the coup, including the National Unity Government (NUG). Members of the NUG include representatives from the NLD, ethnic minority groups, and civil society. In 2021, the NUG announced the formation of armed militias called the People's Defense Forces (PDF) and an insurgency against the military junta. As of 2024, PDF units across the country continued to fight the regime with varying levels of support from and cooperation with the NUG and other anti-regime organizations, including armed ethnic groups that have been fighting the central government for decades.", "display": "Burma is home to ethnic Burmans and scores of other ethnic and religious minority groups that have resisted external efforts to consolidate control of the country throughout its h…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1937 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southeastern Asia, bordering the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal, between Bangladesh and Thailand", "display": "Southeastern Asia, bordering the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal, between Bangladesh and Thailand", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southeast Asia", "display": "Southeast Asia", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 676,578 sq km | land: 653,508 sq km | water: 23,070 sq km", "display": "total : 676,578 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 676578.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "1,930 km", "display": "1,930 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "central lowlands ringed by steep, rugged highlands", "display": "central lowlands ringed by steep, rugged highlands", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical monsoon; cloudy, rainy, hot, humid summers (southwest monsoon, June to September); less cloudy, scant rainfall, mild temperatures, lower humidity during winter (northeast monsoon, December to April)", "display": "tropical monsoon; cloudy, rainy, hot, humid summers (southwest monsoon, June to September); less cloudy, scant rainfall, mild temperatures, lower humidity during winter (northeast…", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Gamlang Razi 5,870 m | lowest point: Andaman Sea/Bay of Bengal 0 m | mean elevation: 702 m", "display": "highest point: Gamlang Razi 5,870 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "destructive earthquakes and cyclones; flooding and landslides common during rainy season (June to September); periodic droughts", "display": "destructive earthquakes and cyclones; flooding and landslides common during rainy season (June to September); periodic droughts", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "petroleum, timber, tin, antimony, zinc, copper, tungsten, lead, coal, marble, limestone, precious stones, natural gas, hydropower, arable land", "display": "petroleum, timber, tin, antimony, zinc, copper, tungsten, lead, coal, marble, limestone, precious stones, natural gas, hydropower, arable land", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "population concentrated along coastal areas and in general proximity to the shores of the Irrawaddy River; the extreme north is relatively underpopulated", "display": "population concentrated along coastal areas and in general proximity to the shores of the Irrawaddy River; the extreme north is relatively underpopulated", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 57,931,718 (2025 est.) | male: 28,591,467 | female: 29,340,251", "display": "total: 57,931,718 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 57931718.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.69% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.69% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0069, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 32.1% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 1.85% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 32.1% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Burmese (official) | major-language sample(s): | ကမ္ဘာ့အချက်အလက်စာအုပ်- အခြေခံအချက်အလက်တွေအတွက် မရှိမဖြစ်တဲ့ အရင်းအမြစ် (Burmese) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. | note: minority ethnic groups use their own languages", "display": "Burmese (official)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Buddhist 87.9%, Christian 6.2%, Muslim 4.3%, Animist 0.8%, Hindu 0.5%, other 0.2%, none 0.1% (2014 est.) | note: religion estimate is based on the 2014 national census, including an estimate for the non-enumerated population of Rakhine State, which is assumed to mainly affiliate with the Islamic faith; as of December 2019, Muslims probably make up less than 3% of Burma's total population due to the large outmigration of the Rohingya population since 2017", "display": "Buddhist 87.9%, Christian 6.2%, Muslim 4.3%, Animist 0.8%, Hindu 0.5%, other 0.2%, none 0.1% (2014 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2014 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 70.3 years (2024 est.) | male: 68.5 years | female: 72.1 years", "display": "total population: 70.3 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 70.3, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 31.1 years (2025 est.) | male: 29.9 years | female: 31.6 years", "display": "total: 31.1 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "5.610 million RANGOON (Yangon) (capital), 1.532 million Mandalay (2023)", "display": "5.610 million RANGOON (Yangon) (capital), 1.532 million Mandalay (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 93.5% (2020 est.) | male: 94.7% (2020 est.) | female: 92.7% (2020 est.)", "display": "total population: 93.5% (2020 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 12 years (2018 est.) | male: 11 years (2018 est.) | female: 12 years (2018 est.)", "display": "total: 12 years (2018 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Union of Burma | conventional short form: Burma | local long form: Pyidaungzu Thammada Myanma Naingngandaw (translated as the Republic of the Union of Myanmar) | local short form: Myanma Naingngandaw | former: Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma, Union of Myanmar | etymology: both \"Burma\" and \"Myanmar\" derive from the name of the majority Burman (Bamar) ethnic group, with the term myanma , or \"the strong,\" being the group's name for itself | note: since 1989 the military authorities in Burma and the deposed parliamentary government have promoted the name Myanmar as a conventional name for their state; the US Government has not officially adopted the name", "display": "conventional long form: Union of Burma", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1989 }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Rangoon (aka Yangon, continues to be recognized as the primary Burmese capital by the US Government); Nay Pyi Taw is the administrative capital | geographic coordinates: 16 48 N, 96 10 E | time difference: UTC+6.5 (11.5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: Rangoon/Yangon derives from the Burmese words yan and koun , commonly translated as \"end of strife\"; Nay Pyi Taw translates as \"abode of kings\"", "display": "name: Rangoon (aka Yangon, continues to be recognized as the primary Burmese capital by the US Government); Nay Pyi Taw is the administrative capital", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "military regime", "display": "military regime", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "mixed legal system of English common law (as introduced in codifications designed for colonial India) and customary law", "display": "mixed legal system of English common law (as introduced in codifications designed for colonial India) and customary law", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: previous 1947, 1974 (suspended until 2008); latest drafted 9 April 2008, approved by referendum 29 May 2008 | amendment process: proposals require at least 20% approval by the Assembly of the Union membership; passage of amendments to sections of the constitution on basic principles, government structure, branches of government, state emergencies, and amendment procedures requires 75% approval by the Assembly and approval in a referendum by absolute majority of registered voters; passage of amendments to other sections requires only 75% Assembly approval; military granted 25% of parliamentary seats by default", "display": "history: previous 1947, 1974 (suspended until 2008); latest drafted 9 April 2008, approved by referendum 29 May 2008", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1947 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "7 regions ( taing-myar , singular - taing ), 7 states ( pyi ne-myar , singular - pyi ne ), 1 union territory | regions: Ayeyarwady (Irrawaddy), Bago, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Tanintharyi, Yangon (Rangoon) | states: Chin, Kachin, Kayah, Karen, Mon, Rakhine, Shan | union territory: Nay Pyi Taw", "display": "7 regions ( taing-myar , singular - taing ), 7 states ( pyi ne-myar , singular - pyi ne ), 1 union territory", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ADB, ARF, ASEAN, BIMSTEC, CP, EAS, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), NAM, OPCW (signatory), SAARC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ADB, ARF, ASEAN, BIMSTEC, CP, EAS, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspond…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "slowly recovering Southeast Asian economy; household incomes weaken domestic consumption; growing trade deficit; declining employment; high inflation and reduced currency power; agriculture sector remains most stable", "display": "slowly recovering Southeast Asian economy; household incomes weaken domestic consumption; growing trade deficit; declining employment; high inflation and reduced currency power; a…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$287.559 billion (2024 est.) | $290.381 billion (2023 est.) | $287.624 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$287.559 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 287.559, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$5,300 (2024 est.) | $5,400 (2023 est.) | $5,400 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$5,300 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 5300.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "-1% (2024 est.) | 1% (2023 est.) | 4% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "-1% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "8.8% (2019 est.) | 6.9% (2018 est.) | 4.6% (2017 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "8.8% (2019 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.08800000000000001, "estimate_year": 2019 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3.1% (2024 est.) | 3.1% (2023 est.) | 3.1% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "3.1% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.031, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "agricultural processing; wood and wood products; copper, tin, tungsten, iron; cement, construction materials; pharmaceuticals; fertilizer; oil and natural gas; garments; jade and gems", "display": "agricultural processing; wood and wood products; copper, tin, tungsten, iron; cement, construction materials; pharmaceuticals; fertilizer; oil and natural gas; garments; jade and…", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "rice, sugarcane, vegetables, beans, maize, groundnuts, plantains, fruits, coconuts, onions (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "rice, sugarcane, vegetables, beans, maize, groundnuts, plantains, fruits, coconuts, onions (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "garments, natural gas, dried legumes, rare-earth metal compounds, precious stones (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "garments, natural gas, dried legumes, rare-earth metal compounds, precious stones (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, synthetic fabric, fertilizers, crude petroleum, fabric (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, synthetic fabric, fertilizers, crude petroleum, fabric (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 59% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 59% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.59, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 1.51 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 3 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 1.51 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 1510000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 73.7% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 93.9% | electrification - rural areas: 62.8%", "display": "electrification - total population: 73.7% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 61.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 0.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 36.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 61.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "8.384 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "8.384 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "74 (2025)", "display": "74 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 7 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 5 | very small: 2 | ports with oil terminals: 3 | key ports: Bassein, Mergui, Moulmein Harbor, Rangoon, Sittwe", "display": "total ports: 7 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 5,031 km (2008) | narrow gauge: 5,031 km (2008) 1.000-m gauge", "display": "total: 5,031 km (2008)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2008 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 101 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 1, general cargo 44, oil tanker 5, other 51", "display": "total: 101 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "deforestation; industrial pollution of air, soil, and water; inadequate sanitation and water treatment; rapid depletion of the country's natural resources", "display": "deforestation; industrial pollution of air, soil, and water; inadequate sanitation and water treatment; rapid depletion of the country's natural resources", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "27.005 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 1.24 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 17.39 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 8.376 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "27.005 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "1.168 trillion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "1.168 trillion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 3.323 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 498.4 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 29.57 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 3.323 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardo…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/burma-myanmar.json" }, { "entity_id": "burundi", "name": "Burundi", "source_code": "BI", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Africa", "roadmap_country": "Burundi", "coverage_region": "Africa", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 142, "published_fact_count": 49, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 13590102.0, "area_sq_km": 27830.0, "capital": "Gitega (political capital), Bujumbura (commercial capital)", "government_type": "presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 68.1, "urban_population_percent": 14.8, "internet_users_percent": 11.0, "electricity_access_percent": 10.3, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 800.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": true }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Established in the 1600s, the Burundi Kingdom has had borders similar to those of modern Burundi since the 1800s. Burundi’s two major ethnic groups, the majority Hutu and minority Tutsi, share a common language and culture and largely lived in peaceful cohabitation under Tutsi monarchs in pre-colonial Burundi. Regional, class, and clan distinctions contributed to social status in the Burundi Kingdom, yielding a complex class structure. German colonial rule in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and Belgian rule after World War I preserved Burundi’s monarchy. Seeking to simplify administration, Belgian colonial officials reduced the number of chiefdoms and eliminated most Hutu chiefs from positions of power. In 1961, the Burundian Tutsi king’s oldest son, Louis RWAGASORE, was murdered by a competing political faction shortly before he was set to become prime minister, triggering increased political competition that contributed to later instability. | Burundi gained its independence from Belgium in 1962 as the Kingdom of Burundi. Revolution in neighboring Rwanda stoked ethnic polarization as the Tutsi increasingly feared violence and loss of political power. A failed Hutu-led coup in 1965 triggered a purge of Hutu officials and set the stage for Tutsi officers to overthrow the monarchy in 1966 and establish a Tutsi-dominated republic. A Hutu rebellion in 1972 resulted in the deaths of several thousand Tutsi civilians and sparked brutal Tutsi-led military reprisals against Hutu civilians which ultimately killed 100,000-200,000 people. International pressure led to a new constitution in 1992 and democratic elections in 1993. Tutsi military officers feared Hutu domination and assassinated Burundi's first democratically elected president, Hutu Melchior NDADAYE, in 1993 after only 100 days in office, sparking a civil war. In 1994, his successor, Cyprien NTARYAMIRA, died when the Rwandan president’s plane he was traveling on was shot down, which triggered the Rwandan genocide and further entrenched ethnic conflict in Burundi. The internationally brokered Arusha Agreement, signed in 2000, and subsequent cease-fire agreements with armed movements ended the 1993-2005 civil war. Burundi’s second democratic elections were held in 2005, resulting in the election of Pierre NKURUNZIZA as president. He was reelected in 2010 and again in 2015 after a controversial court decision allowed him to circumvent a term limit. President Evariste NDAYISHIMIYE -- from NKURUNZIZA’s ruling party -- was elected in 2020.", "display": "Established in the 1600s, the Burundi Kingdom has had borders similar to those of modern Burundi since the 1800s. Burundi’s two major ethnic groups, the majority Hutu and minority…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1961 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Central Africa, east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, west of Tanzania", "display": "Central Africa, east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, west of Tanzania", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Africa", "display": "Africa", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 27,830 sq km | land: 25,680 sq km | water: 2,150 sq km", "display": "total : 27,830 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 27830.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "0 km (landlocked)", "display": "0 km (landlocked)", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "hilly and mountainous, dropping to a plateau in east, some plains", "display": "hilly and mountainous, dropping to a plateau in east, some plains", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "equatorial; high plateau with considerable altitude variation (772 m to 2,670 m above sea level); average annual temperature varies with altitude from 23 to 17 degrees Celsius but is generally moderate; average annual rainfall is about 150 cm with two wet seasons (February to May and September to November) and two dry seasons (June to August and December to January)", "display": "equatorial; high plateau with considerable altitude variation (772 m to 2,670 m above sea level); average annual temperature varies with altitude from 23 to 17 degrees Celsius but…", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: unnamed elevation on Mukike Range 2,685 m | lowest point: Lake Tanganyika 772 m | mean elevation: 1,504 m", "display": "highest point: unnamed elevation on Mukike Range 2,685 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "flooding; landslides; drought", "display": "flooding; landslides; drought", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "nickel, uranium, rare earth oxides, peat, cobalt, copper, platinum, vanadium, arable land, hydropower, niobium, tantalum, gold, tin, tungsten, kaolin, limestone", "display": "nickel, uranium, rare earth oxides, peat, cobalt, copper, platinum, vanadium, arable land, hydropower, niobium, tantalum, gold, tin, tungsten, kaolin, limestone", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "one of Africa's most densely populated countries; concentrations tend to be in the north and along the northern shore of Lake Tanganyika in the west; most people live on farms near areas of fertile volcanic soil, as shown in this population distribution map", "display": "one of Africa's most densely populated countries; concentrations tend to be in the north and along the northern shore of Lake Tanganyika in the west; most people live on farms nea…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 13,590,102 (2024 est.) | male: 6,755,456 | female: 6,834,646", "display": "total: 13,590,102 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 13590102.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "2.96% (2025 est.)", "display": "2.96% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0296, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 14.8% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 5.43% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 14.8% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Kirundi (official), French (official), English (official, least spoken), Swahili (2008 est.) | major-language sample(s): | Igitabo Mpuzamakungu c'ibimenyetso bifatika, isoko ntabanduka ku nkuru z'urufatiro. (Kirundi) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. | note: data represent languages read and written by people 10 years of age or older; spoken Kirundi is nearly universal", "display": "Kirundi (official), French (official), English (official, least spoken), Swahili (2008 est.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2008 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Christian 93.9% (Roman Catholic 58.6%, Protestant 35.3% [includes Adventist 2.7% and other Protestant religions 32.6%]), Muslim 3.4%, other 1.3%, none 1.3% (2016-17 est.)", "display": "Christian 93.9% (Roman Catholic 58.6%, Protestant 35.3% [includes Adventist 2.7% and other Protestant religions 32.6%]), Muslim 3.4%, other 1.3%, none 1.3% (2016-17 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2016 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 68.1 years (2024 est.) | male: 66 years | female: 70.3 years", "display": "total population: 68.1 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 68.1, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 17.6 years (2025 est.) | male: 18 years | female: 18.7 years", "display": "total: 17.6 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.207 million BUJUMBURA (capital) (2023)", "display": "1.207 million BUJUMBURA (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 71.4% (2020 est.) | male: 78.2% (2020 est.) | female: 66.2% (2020 est.)", "display": "total population: 71.4% (2020 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 10 years (2018 est.) | male: 10 years (2018 est.) | female: 10 years (2018 est.)", "display": "total: 10 years (2018 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Burundi | conventional short form: Burundi | local long form: République du Burundi (French)/ Republika y'u Burundi (Kirundi) | local short form: Burundi | former: Urundi, German East Africa, Ruanda-Urundi, Kingdom of Burundi | etymology: name dates from 1966 and is derived from the name of the local Bantu people, the Rundi or Barundi; ba - is the prefix for the people, and bu - is the prefix for the country; the former name, Urundi, is the Swahili version", "display": "conventional long form: Republic of Burundi", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1966 }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Gitega (political capital), Bujumbura (commercial capital) | geographic coordinates: 3 25 S, 29 55 E | time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: the origin of the name Bujumbura is unclear, but \"bu-\" is a Bantu prefix meaning \"place\" | note: in January 2019, the Burundian parliament voted to make Gitega the political capital of the country while Bujumbura would remain its economic capital; as of 2023, the government's move to Gitega remains incomplete", "display": "name: Gitega (political capital), Bujumbura (commercial capital)", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2019 }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "presidential republic", "display": "presidential republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "mixed legal system of Belgian civil law and customary law", "display": "mixed legal system of Belgian civil law and customary law", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: several previous, ratified by referendum 28 February 2005 | amendment process: proposed by the president of the republic after consultation with the government or by absolute majority support of the membership in both houses of Parliament; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Senate membership and at least four-fifths majority vote by the National Assembly; the president can opt to submit amendment bills to a referendum; constitutional articles including those on national unity, the secularity of Burundi, its democratic form of government, and its sovereignty cannot be amended", "display": "history: several previous, ratified by referendum 28 February 2005", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2005 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "5 provinces: Buhumuza, Bujumbura, Burunga, Butanyerera, Gitega", "display": "5 provinces: Buhumuza, Bujumbura, Burunga, Butanyerera, Gitega", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACP, AfDB, ATMIS, AU, CEMAC, CEPGL, CICA, COMESA, EAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICGLR, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ACP, AfDB, ATMIS, AU, CEMAC, CEPGL, CICA, COMESA, EAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICGLR, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "highly agrarian, low-income Sub-Saharan economy; declining foreign assistance; increasing fiscal insolvencies; dense and still growing population; COVID-19 weakened economic recovery and flipped two years of deflation", "display": "highly agrarian, low-income Sub-Saharan economy; declining foreign assistance; increasing fiscal insolvencies; dense and still growing population; COVID-19 weakened economic recov…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$11.739 billion (2024 est.) | $11.343 billion (2023 est.) | $11.048 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$11.739 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 11.739, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$800 (2024 est.) | $800 (2023 est.) | $800 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$800 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 800.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3.5% (2024 est.) | 2.7% (2023 est.) | 1.8% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "3.5% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "20.2% (2024 est.) | 26.9% (2023 est.) | 18.8% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "20.2% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.20199999999999999, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "1% (2024 est.) | 1% (2023 est.) | 1% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "1% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.01, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "light consumer goods (sugar, shoes, soap, beer); cement, assembly of imported components; public works construction; food processing (fruits)", "display": "light consumer goods (sugar, shoes, soap, beer); cement, assembly of imported components; public works construction; food processing (fruits)", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "cassava, bananas, sweet potatoes, beans, maize, vegetables, potatoes, rice, sugarcane, fruits (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "cassava, bananas, sweet potatoes, beans, maize, vegetables, potatoes, rice, sugarcane, fruits (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "gold, coffee, tea, tin ores, iron bars (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "gold, coffee, tea, tin ores, iron bars (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "fertilizers, cement, packaged medicine, plastic products, cars (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "fertilizers, cement, packaged medicine, plastic products, cars (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 11% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 11% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.11, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 3,000 (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2023 est.) less than 1", "display": "total: 3,000 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 3000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 10.3% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 64% | electrification - rural areas: 1.7%", "display": "electrification - total population: 10.3% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 31.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 0.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 66.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 1.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 31.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "946,000 Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "946,000 Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "6 (2025)", "display": "6 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "soil erosion from overgrazing and agricultural expansion; deforestation; wildlife habitat loss", "display": "soil erosion from overgrazing and agricultural expansion; deforestation; wildlife habitat loss", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "838,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 32,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 806,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "838,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "12.536 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "12.536 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 43.1 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 15 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 222 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 43.1 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardo…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/burundi.json" }, { "entity_id": "cabo-verde", "name": "Cabo Verde", "source_code": "CV", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Africa", "roadmap_country": "Cabo Verde", "coverage_region": "Africa", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 141, "published_fact_count": 51, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 611014.0, "area_sq_km": 4033.0, "capital": "Praia", "government_type": "parliamentary republic", "life_expectancy_years": 74.3, "urban_population_percent": 68.0, "internet_users_percent": 74.0, "electricity_access_percent": 97.1, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 9900.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "The Portuguese discovered and colonized the uninhabited islands of Cabo Verde in the 15th century; Cabo Verde subsequently became a trading center for African slaves and later an important coaling and resupply stop for whaling and transatlantic shipping. The fusing of European and various African cultural traditions is reflected in Cabo Verde’s Crioulo language, music, and pano textiles. After gaining independence in 1975, a one-party system was established and maintained until multi-party elections were held in 1990. Cabo Verde continues to sustain one of Africa's most stable democratic governments and relatively stable economies, maintaining a currency pegged first to the Portuguese escudo and then to the euro since 1998. Repeated droughts during the second half of the 20th century caused significant hardship and prompted heavy emigration. As a result, Cabo Verde's expatriate population -- concentrated in Boston, Massachusetts and Western Europe -- is greater than its domestic one. | Most Cabo Verdeans have both African and Portuguese antecedents. Cabo Verde’s population descends from its first permanent inhabitants in the late 15th-century -- a preponderance of West African slaves, a small share of Portuguese colonists, and even fewer Italians and Spaniards. Among the nine inhabited islands, population distribution is varied. The islands in the east are very dry and are home to the country's growing tourism industry. The more western islands receive more precipitation and support larger populations, but agriculture and livestock grazing have damaged their soil fertility and vegetation. For centuries, the country’s overall population size has fluctuated significantly, as recurring periods of famine and epidemics have caused high death tolls and emigration.", "display": "The Portuguese discovered and colonized the uninhabited islands of Cabo Verde in the 15th century; Cabo Verde subsequently became a trading center for African slaves and later an…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1975 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Western Africa, group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Senegal", "display": "Western Africa, group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Senegal", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Africa", "display": "Africa", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 4,033 sq km | land: 4,033 sq km | water: 0 sq km", "display": "total : 4,033 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 4033.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "965 km", "display": "965 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "steep, rugged, rocky, volcanic", "display": "steep, rugged, rocky, volcanic", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "temperate; warm, dry summer; precipitation meager and erratic", "display": "temperate; warm, dry summer; precipitation meager and erratic", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Mt. Fogo (a volcano on Fogo Island) 2,829 m | lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m", "display": "highest point: Mt. Fogo (a volcano on Fogo Island) 2,829 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "prolonged droughts; seasonal harmattan wind produces obscuring dust; volcanically and seismically active | volcanism: Fogo (2,829 m), which last erupted in 1995, is Cabo Verde's only active volcano", "display": "prolonged droughts; seasonal harmattan wind produces obscuring dust; volcanically and seismically active", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1995 }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "salt, basalt rock, limestone, kaolin, fish, clay, gypsum", "display": "salt, basalt rock, limestone, kaolin, fish, clay, gypsum", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "among the nine inhabited islands, population distribution is variable; islands in the east are very dry and are only sparsely settled; the more southerly islands receive more precipitation and support larger populations; approximately half of the population lives on Sao Tiago Island, which is the location of the capital of Praia; Mindelo, on the northern island of Sao Vicente, also has a large urban population, as shown in this population distribution map", "display": "among the nine inhabited islands, population distribution is variable; islands in the east are very dry and are only sparsely settled; the more southerly islands receive more prec…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 611,014 (2024 est.) | male: 297,106 | female: 313,908", "display": "total: 611,014 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 611014.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.12% (2025 est.)", "display": "1.12% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.011200000000000002, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 68% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 1.83% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 68% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Portuguese (official), Crioulo (a Portuguese-based creole language with two main dialects)", "display": "Portuguese (official), Crioulo (a Portuguese-based creole language with two main dialects)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Roman Catholic 72.5%, Protestant 4% (includes Adventist 1.9%, Nazarene 1.8%, Assembly of God 0.2%, God is Love 0.1%), Christian Rationalism 1.7%, Muslim 1.3%, Jehovah's Witness 1.2%, Church of Jesus Christ 1%, other Christian 1.3%, other 1.2%, none 15.6%, no response 0.4% (2021 est.)", "display": "Roman Catholic 72.5%, Protestant 4% (includes Adventist 1.9%, Nazarene 1.8%, Assembly of God 0.2%, God is Love 0.1%), Christian Rationalism 1.7%, Muslim 1.3%, Jehovah's Witness 1.…", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 74.3 years (2024 est.) | male: 72 years | female: 76.7 years", "display": "total population: 74.3 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 74.3, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 29.3 years (2025 est.) | male: 27.9 years | female: 29.6 years", "display": "total: 29.3 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "168,000 PRAIA (capital) (2018)", "display": "168,000 PRAIA (capital) (2018)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 88.5% (2024 est.) | male: 92.9% (2024 est.) | female: 84.1% (2024 est.)", "display": "total population: 88.5% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 13 years (2018 est.) | male: 13 years (2018 est.) | female: 14 years (2018 est.)", "display": "total: 13 years (2018 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Cabo Verde | conventional short form: Cabo Verde | local long form: Republica de Cabo Verde | local short form: Cabo Verde | etymology: the name derives from the Cape Verde (Green Cape) peninsula on the Senegalese coast, the westernmost point of Africa and the nearest mainland to the islands", "display": "conventional long form: Republic of Cabo Verde", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Praia | geographic coordinates: 14 55 N, 23 31 W | time difference: UTC-1 (4 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: the earlier Portuguese name was Villa de Praia (\"Village of the Beach\"); it was shortened to Praia in 1974", "display": "name: Praia", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1974 }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary republic", "display": "parliamentary republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law system of Portugal", "display": "civil law system of Portugal", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: previous 1981; latest effective 25 September 1992 | amendment process: proposals require support of at least four fifths of the active National Assembly membership; amendment drafts require sponsorship of at least one third of the active Assembly membership; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly membership; constitutional sections, including those on national independence, form of government, political pluralism, suffrage, and human rights and liberties, cannot be amended", "display": "history: previous 1981; latest effective 25 September 1992", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1981 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "22 municipalities ( concelhos , singular - concelho ); Boa Vista, Brava, Maio, Mosteiros, Paul, Porto Novo, Praia, Ribeira Brava, Ribeira Grande, Ribeira Grande de Santiago, Sal, Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina do Fogo, Santa Cruz, São Domingos, São Filipe, São Lourenco dos Orgaos, São Miguel, São Salvador do Mundo, São Vicente, Tarrafal, Tarrafal de São Nicolau", "display": "22 municipalities ( concelhos , singular - concelho ); Boa Vista, Brava, Maio, Mosteiros, Paul, Porto Novo, Praia, Ribeira Brava, Ribeira Grande, Ribeira Grande de Santiago, Sal,…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACP, AfDB, AOSIS, AU, CD, CPLP, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ACP, AfDB, AOSIS, AU, CD, CPLP, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs),…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "stable, middle-income, developing island economy; strong GDP growth led by tourism sector recovery; sustained poverty reduction through PEDS II development plan; high reliance on foreign remittances and aid to finance external debt", "display": "stable, middle-income, developing island economy; strong GDP growth led by tourism sector recovery; sustained poverty reduction through PEDS II development plan; high reliance on…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$5.2 billion (2024 est.) | $4.848 billion (2023 est.) | $4.6 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$5.2 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 5.2, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$9,900 (2024 est.) | $9,300 (2023 est.) | $8,900 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$9,900 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 9900.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "7.3% (2024 est.) | 5.4% (2023 est.) | 15.8% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "7.3% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "1% (2024 est.) | 3.7% (2023 est.) | 7.9% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "1% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.01, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "11.9% (2024 est.) | 12% (2023 est.) | 12.3% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "11.9% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.11900000000000001, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "food and beverages, fish processing, shoes and garments, salt mining, ship repair", "display": "food and beverages, fish processing, shoes and garments, salt mining, ship repair", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "sugarcane, tomatoes, coconuts, pulses, goat milk, milk, vegetables, bananas, cabbages, onions (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "sugarcane, tomatoes, coconuts, pulses, goat milk, milk, vegetables, bananas, cabbages, onions (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "fish, refined petroleum, railway cargo containers, shellfish, garments (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "fish, refined petroleum, railway cargo containers, shellfish, garments (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, aircraft, cars, fish, railway cargo containers (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, aircraft, cars, fish, railway cargo containers (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 74% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 74% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.74, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 38,000 (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 7 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 38,000 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 38000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 97.1% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 95.3% | electrification - rural areas: 96.9%", "display": "electrification - total population: 97.1% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 71.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 14.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 14.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 71.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "19.999 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "19.999 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "10 (2025)", "display": "10 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 2 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 1 | very small: 1 | ports with oil terminals: 1 | key ports: Porto da Praia, Porto Grande", "display": "total ports: 2 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 44 (2023) | by type: general cargo 14, oil tanker 2, other 28", "display": "total: 44 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "deforestation due to demand for firewood; water shortages; droughts; desertification; soil erosion; illegal beach sand extraction; overfishing", "display": "deforestation due to demand for firewood; water shortages; droughts; desertification; soil erosion; illegal beach sand extraction; overfishing", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "714,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 714,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "714,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "300 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "300 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 155.895 million cubic meters (2022) | industrial: 5.614 million cubic meters (2022) | agricultural: 103.217 million cubic meters (2022)", "display": "municipal: 155.895 million cubic meters (2022)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environ…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/cabo-verde.json" }, { "entity_id": "cambodia", "name": "Cambodia", "source_code": "KH", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Southeast Asia", "roadmap_country": "Cambodia", "coverage_region": "Asia", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 149, "published_fact_count": 52, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 17230333.0, "area_sq_km": 181035.0, "capital": "Phnom Penh", "government_type": "parliamentary constitutional monarchy", "life_expectancy_years": 71.4, "urban_population_percent": 25.6, "internet_users_percent": 61.0, "electricity_access_percent": 92.3, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 7000.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Most Cambodians consider themselves to be Khmers, descendants of the Angkor Empire that extended over much of Southeast Asia and reached its zenith between the 10th and 13th centuries. Attacks by the Thai and Cham (from present-day Vietnam) weakened the empire, ushering in a long period of decline. The king placed the country under French protection in 1863, and it became part of French Indochina in 1887. Following Japanese occupation in World War II, Cambodia gained full independence from France in 1953. In 1975, after a seven-year struggle, communist Khmer Rouge forces captured Phnom Penh and evacuated all cities and towns. At least 1.5 million Cambodians died from execution, forced hardships, or starvation during the Khmer Rouge regime under POL POT. A 1978 Vietnamese invasion drove the Khmer Rouge into the countryside, began a 10-year Vietnamese occupation, and touched off 13 years of internecine warfare in which a coalition of Khmer Rouge, Cambodian nationalists, and royalist insurgents, with assistance from China, fought the Vietnamese-backed People’s Republic of Kampuchea (PRK). | The 1991 Paris Agreements ended the country’s civil war and mandated democratic elections, which took place in 1993 and ushered in a period of multi-party democracy with a constitutional monarchy. King Norodom SIHANOUK was reinstated as head of state, and the Cambodian People's Party (CPP) and the royalist FUNCINPEC party formed a coalition government. Nevertheless, the power-sharing arrangement proved fractious and fragile, and in 1997, a coup led by CPP leader and former PRK prime minister HUN SEN dissolved the coalition and sidelined FUNCINPEC. Despite further attempts at coalition governance, the CPP has since remained in power through elections criticized for lacking fairness, political and judicial corruption, media control, and influence over labor unions, all of which have been enforced with violence and intimidation. HUN SEN remained as prime minister until 2023, when he transferred power to his son, HUN MANET. HUN SEN has subsequently maintained considerable influence as the leader of the CPP and the Senate. The CPP has also placed limits on civil society, press freedom, and freedom of expression. Despite some economic growth and considerable investment from China over the past decade, Cambodia remains one of East Asia's poorest countries. | The remaining elements of the Khmer Rouge surrendered in 1999. A UN-backed special tribunal established in Cambodia in 1997 tried some of the surviving Khmer Rouge leaders for crimes against humanity and genocide. The tribunal concluded in 2022 with three convictions.", "display": "Most Cambodians consider themselves to be Khmers, descendants of the Angkor Empire that extended over much of Southeast Asia and reached its zenith between the 10th and 13th centu…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1953 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, between Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos", "display": "Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, between Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southeast Asia", "display": "Southeast Asia", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 181,035 sq km | land: 176,515 sq km | water: 4,520 sq km", "display": "total : 181,035 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 181035.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "443 km", "display": "443 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly low, flat plains; mountains in southwest and north", "display": "mostly low, flat plains; mountains in southwest and north", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to November); dry season (December to April); little seasonal temperature variation", "display": "tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to November); dry season (December to April); little seasonal temperature variation", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Phnum Aoral 1,810 m | lowest point: Gulf of Thailand 0 m | mean elevation: 126 m", "display": "highest point: Phnum Aoral 1,810 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "monsoonal rains (June to November); flooding; occasional droughts", "display": "monsoonal rains (June to November); flooding; occasional droughts", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "oil and gas, timber, gemstones, iron ore, manganese, phosphates, hydropower potential, arable land", "display": "oil and gas, timber, gemstones, iron ore, manganese, phosphates, hydropower potential, arable land", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "population concentrated in the southeast, particularly in and around the capital of Phnom Penh; further distribution is linked closely to the Tonle Sap and Mekong Rivers", "display": "population concentrated in the southeast, particularly in and around the capital of Phnom Penh; further distribution is linked closely to the Tonle Sap and Mekong Rivers", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 17,230,333 (2025 est.) | male: 8,362,224 | female: 8,868,109", "display": "total: 17,230,333 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 17230333.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.95% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.95% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0095, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 25.6% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 3.06% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 25.6% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Khmer (official) 95.8%, minority languages 2.9%, Chinese 0.6%, Vietnamese 0.5%, other 0.2% (2019 est.) | major-language sample(s): | សៀវភៅហេតុការណនៅលើពិភពលោក។ ទីតាំងពត៏មានមូលដានគ្រឹះយាងសំខាន់។. (Khmer) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Khmer (official) 95.8%, minority languages 2.9%, Chinese 0.6%, Vietnamese 0.5%, other 0.2% (2019 est.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2019 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Buddhist (official) 97.1%, Muslim 2%, Christian 0.3%, other 0.5% (2019 est.)", "display": "Buddhist (official) 97.1%, Muslim 2%, Christian 0.3%, other 0.5% (2019 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2019 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 71.4 years (2024 est.) | male: 69.6 years | female: 73.3 years", "display": "total population: 71.4 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 71.4, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 28.3 years (2025 est.) | male: 26.9 years | female: 28.9 years", "display": "total: 28.3 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "2.281 million PHNOM PENH (capital) (2023)", "display": "2.281 million PHNOM PENH (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 71.9% (2021 est.) | male: 81.5% (2021 est.) | female: 63.6% (2021 est.)", "display": "total population: 71.9% (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 11 years (2023 est.) | male: 11 years (2023 est.) | female: 11 years (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 11 years (2023 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Kingdom of Cambodia | conventional short form: Cambodia | local long form: Preahreacheanachakr Kampuchea (phonetic transliteration) | local short form: Kampuchea | former: Khmer Republic, Democratic Kampuchea, People's Republic of Kampuchea, State of Cambodia | etymology: the name is derived from Kambu, a legendary ancestor of the Cambodian people", "display": "conventional long form: Kingdom of Cambodia", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Phnom Penh | geographic coordinates: 11 33 N, 104 55 E | time difference: UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: the name means \"mountain of plenty,\" from the Cambodian words phnom (mountain or hill) and penh (full)", "display": "name: Phnom Penh", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary constitutional monarchy", "display": "parliamentary constitutional monarchy", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law system (influenced by the UN Transitional Authority in Cambodia), customary law, Communist legal theory, and common law", "display": "civil law system (influenced by the UN Transitional Authority in Cambodia), customary law, Communist legal theory, and common law", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: previous 1947; latest promulgated 21 September 1993 | amendment process: proposed by the monarch, by the prime minister, or by the president of the National Assembly if supported by one fourth of the Assembly membership; passage requires two-thirds majority of the Assembly membership; constitutional articles on the multiparty democratic form of government and the monarchy cannot be amended", "display": "history: previous 1947; latest promulgated 21 September 1993", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1947 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "24 provinces ( khett , singular and plural) and 1 municipality ( krong , singular and plural) | provinces: Banteay Meanchey, Battambang, Kampong Cham, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Speu, Kampong Thom, Kampot, Kandal, Kep, Koh Kong, Kratie, Mondolkiri, Oddar Meanchey, Pailin, Preah Sihanouk, Preah Vihear, Prey Veng, Pursat, Ratanakiri, Siem Reap, Stung Treng, Svay Rieng, Takeo, Tbong Khmum | municipalities: Phnom Penh (Phnum Penh)", "display": "24 provinces ( khett , singular and plural) and 1 municipality ( krong , singular and plural)", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ADB, ARF, ASEAN, CICA, EAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ADB, ARF, ASEAN, CICA, EAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, PCA,…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "one of the fastest growing Southeast Asian economies; rebounding tourism and clothing exports; substantial manufacturing and construction sectors; new trade agreements expanding agricultural markets; significant public debt; investing in new ports and roads", "display": "one of the fastest growing Southeast Asian economies; rebounding tourism and clothing exports; substantial manufacturing and construction sectors; new trade agreements expanding a…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$123.676 billion (2024 est.) | $116.658 billion (2023 est.) | $111.095 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$123.676 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 123.676, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$7,000 (2024 est.) | $6,700 (2023 est.) | $6,500 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$7,000 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 7000.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "6% (2024 est.) | 5% (2023 est.) | 5.1% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "6% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.1% (2023 est.) | 5.3% (2022 est.) | 2.9% (2021 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "2.1% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.021, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "0.3% (2024 est.) | 0.3% (2023 est.) | 0.3% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "0.3% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.003, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "tourism, garments, construction, rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products, rubber, cement, gem mining, textiles", "display": "tourism, garments, construction, rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products, rubber, cement, gem mining, textiles", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "cassava, rice, maize, sugarcane, vegetables, oil palm fruit, rubber, bananas, jute, pork (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "cassava, rice, maize, sugarcane, vegetables, oil palm fruit, rubber, bananas, jute, pork (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "garments, semiconductors, trunks and cases, footwear, gold (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "garments, semiconductors, trunks and cases, footwear, gold (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, fabric, gold, plastic products, synthetic fabric (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, fabric, gold, plastic products, synthetic fabric (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 61% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 61% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.61, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 510,000 (2022 est.) Slowly increase as focus is on mobile internet | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 3 (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 510,000 (2022 est.) 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destruction of mangrove swamps; soil erosion; limited access to potable water in rural areas; illegal fishing and overfishing; deforestation leading to sediment build-up in coastal ecosystems", "display": "habitat and biodiversity loss from illegal logging and strip mining; destruction of mangrove swamps; soil erosion; limited access to potable water in rural areas; illegal fishing…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "18.779 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 8.026 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 10.753 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "18.779 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "476.1 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "476.1 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 98 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 33 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 2.053 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 98 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardo…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/cambodia.json" }, { "entity_id": "cameroon", "name": "Cameroon", "source_code": "CM", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Africa", "roadmap_country": "Cameroon", "coverage_region": "Africa", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 152, "published_fact_count": 52, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 31518954.0, "area_sq_km": 475440.0, "capital": "Yaounde", "government_type": "presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 64.2, "urban_population_percent": 59.3, "internet_users_percent": 42.0, "electricity_access_percent": 71.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 4900.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Powerful chiefdoms ruled much of the area of present-day Cameroon before it became a German colony known as Kamerun in 1884. After World War I, the territory was divided between France and the UK as League of Nations mandates. French Cameroon became independent in 1960 as the Republic of Cameroon. The following year, the southern portion of neighboring British Cameroon voted to merge with the new country to form the Federal Republic of Cameroon. In 1972, a new constitution replaced the federation with a unitary state, the United Republic of Cameroon. The country has generally enjoyed stability, which has enabled the development of agriculture, roads, and railways, as well as a petroleum industry. Nonetheless, unrest and violence in the country's two western, English-speaking regions have persisted since 2016. Movement toward democratic reform is slow, and political power remains firmly in the hands of President Paul BIYA.", "display": "Powerful chiefdoms ruled much of the area of present-day Cameroon before it became a German colony known as Kamerun in 1884. After World War I, the territory was divided between F…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1960 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Central Africa, bordering the Bight of Biafra, between Equatorial Guinea and Nigeria", "display": "Central Africa, bordering the Bight of Biafra, between Equatorial Guinea and Nigeria", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Africa", "display": "Africa", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 475,440 sq km | land: 472,710 sq km | water: 2,730 sq km", "display": "total : 475,440 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 475440.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "402 km", "display": "402 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "diverse, with coastal plain in southwest, dissected plateau in center, mountains in west, plains in north", "display": "diverse, with coastal plain in southwest, dissected plateau in center, mountains in west, plains in north", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "varies with terrain, from tropical along coast to semiarid and hot in north", "display": "varies with terrain, from tropical along coast to semiarid and hot in north", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Fako on Mont Cameroun 4,045 m | lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m | mean elevation: 667 m", "display": "highest point: Fako on Mont Cameroun 4,045 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "volcanic activity with periodic releases of poisonous gases from Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun volcanoes | volcanism: Mt. Cameroon (4,095 m), which last erupted in 2000, is the most frequently active volcano in West Africa; lakes in the Oku volcanic field sometimes release fatal levels of gas, which killed about 1,700 people in 1986", "display": "volcanic activity with periodic releases of poisonous gases from Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun volcanoes", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2000 }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "petroleum, bauxite, iron ore, timber, hydropower", "display": "petroleum, bauxite, iron ore, timber, hydropower", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "population concentrated in the west and north, with the interior of the country sparsely populated, as shown in this population distribution map", "display": "population concentrated in the west and north, with the interior of the country sparsely populated, as shown in this population distribution map", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 31,518,954 (2025 est.) | male: 15,683,611 | female: 15,835,343", "display": "total: 31,518,954 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 31518954.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "2.37% (2025 est.)", "display": "2.37% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.023700000000000002, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 59.3% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 3.43% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 59.3% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "24 major African language groups, English (official), French (official) | major-language sample(s): | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. (English) | The World Factbook, une source indispensable d'informations de base. (French)", "display": "24 major African language groups, English (official), French (official)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Roman Catholic 33.1%, Muslim 30.6%, Protestant 27.1% other Christian 6.1%, animist 1.3%, other 0.7%, none 1.2% (2022 est.)", "display": "Roman Catholic 33.1%, Muslim 30.6%, Protestant 27.1% other Christian 6.1%, animist 1.3%, other 0.7%, none 1.2% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 64.2 years (2024 est.) | male: 62.3 years | female: 66.1 years", "display": "total population: 64.2 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 64.2, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 19.4 years (2025 est.) | male: 18.6 years | female: 19.2 years", "display": "total: 19.4 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "4.509 million YAOUNDE (capital), 4.063 million Douala (2023)", "display": "4.509 million YAOUNDE (capital), 4.063 million Douala (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 72.6% (2018 est.) | male: 79.7% (2018 est.) | female: 66.2% (2018 est.)", "display": "total population: 72.6% (2018 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 11 years (2023 est.) | male: 12 years (2023 est.) | female: 10 years (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 11 years (2023 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Cameroon | conventional short form: Cameroon | local long form: République du Cameroun (French)/Republic of Cameroon (English) | local short form: Cameroun/Cameroon | former: Kamerun, French Cameroon, British Cameroon, Federal Republic of Cameroon, United Republic of Cameroon | etymology: in the 16th century, Portuguese explorers named an estuary near the mouth of the Wouri River the Rio 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case passage requires a simple majority; constitutional articles on Cameroon’s unity and territorial integrity and its democratic principles cannot be amended", "display": "history: several previous; latest effective 18 January 1996", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1996 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "10 regions ( régions , singular - région ); Adamaoua, Centre, East (Est), Far North (Extrême-Nord), Littoral, North (Nord), North-West (Nord-Ouest), West (Ouest), South (Sud), South-West (Sud-Ouest)", "display": "10 regions ( régions , singular - région ); Adamaoua, Centre, East (Est), Far North (Extrême-Nord), Littoral, North (Nord), North-West (Nord-Ouest), West (Ouest), South (Sud), Sou…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": 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political instability and terrorism reducing economic output; systemic corruption; poor property rights enforcement; increasing poverty in northern regions", "display": "largest CEMAC economy with many natural resources; recent political instability and terrorism reducing economic output; systemic corruption; poor property rights enforcement; incr…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$143.264 billion (2024 est.) | $138.191 billion (2023 est.) | $133.843 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$143.264 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 143.264, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$4,900 (2024 est.) | $4,900 (2023 est.) | 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"content": "3.6% (2024 est.) | 3.7% (2023 est.) | 3.7% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "3.6% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.036000000000000004, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "petroleum production and refining, aluminum production, food processing, light consumer goods, textiles, lumber, ship repair", "display": "petroleum production and refining, aluminum production, food processing, light consumer goods, textiles, lumber, ship repair", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "cassava, plantains, oil palm fruit, maize, taro, tomatoes, sorghum, sugarcane, bananas, vegetables (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", 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consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "37 (2025)", "display": "37 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 7 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 1 | small: 0 | very small: 5 | size unknown: 1 | ports with oil terminals: 5 | key ports: Douala, Ebome Marine Terminal, Kole Oil Terminal, Kome Kribi 1 Marine Terminal, Kribi Deep Sea Port, Limboh Terminal, Moudi Marine Terminal", "display": "total ports: 7 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 987 km (2014) | narrow gauge: 987 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge | note: railway connections generally efficient but limited; rail lines connect major cities of Douala, Yaounde, Ngaoundere, and Garoua; passenger and freight service provided by CAMRAIL", "display": "total: 987 km (2014)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2014 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 198 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 2, general cargo 91, oil tanker 42, other 63", "display": "total: 198 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; poaching; overfishing; overhunting", "display": "deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; poaching; overfishing; overhunting", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "6.707 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 200 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 5.658 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 1.049 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "6.707 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "283.15 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "283.15 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 246.8 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 104.6 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 737 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 246.8 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: Nuclear Test Ban", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environ…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/cameroon.json" }, { "entity_id": "canada", "name": "Canada", "source_code": "CA", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "North America", "roadmap_country": "Canada", "coverage_region": "Americas", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 157, "published_fact_count": 51, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 39187155.0, "area_sq_km": 9984670.0, "capital": "Ottawa", "government_type": "federal parliamentary democracy (Parliament of Canada) under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm; federal and state authorities and 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Canada gained legislative independence from Britain in 1931 and formalized its constitutional independence from the UK when it passed the Canada Act in 1982. Economically and technologically, the nation has developed in parallel with the US, its neighbor to the south across the world's longest international border. Canada faces the political challenges of meeting public demands for quality improvements in health care, education, social services, and economic competitiveness, as well as responding to the particular concerns of predominantly francophone Quebec. Canada also aims to develop its diverse energy resources while maintaining its commitment to the environment.", "display": "A land of vast distances and rich natural resources, Canada became a self-governing dominion in 1867, while retaining ties to the British crown. Canada gained legislative independ…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1931 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Northern North America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean on the east, North Pacific Ocean on the west, and the Arctic Ocean on the north, north of the conterminous US", "display": "Northern North America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean on the east, North Pacific Ocean on the west, and the Arctic Ocean on the north, north of the conterminous US", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "North America", "display": "North America", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 9,984,670 sq km | land: 9,093,507 sq km | water: 891,163 sq km", "display": "total : 9,984,670 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 9984670.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "202,080 km | note: the Canadian Arctic Archipelago -- consisting of 36,563 islands, several of them among the world's largest -- gives Canada the longest coastline in the world", "display": "202,080 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly plains with mountains in west, lowlands in southeast", "display": "mostly plains with mountains in west, lowlands in southeast", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "varies from temperate in south to subarctic and arctic in north", "display": "varies from temperate in south to subarctic and arctic in north", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Mount Logan 5,959 m | lowest point: Atlantic/Pacific/Arctic Oceans 0 m | mean elevation: 487 m", "display": "highest point: Mount Logan 5,959 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "continuous permafrost in north is a serious obstacle to development; cyclonic storms form east of the Rocky Mountains, a result of the mixing of air masses from the Arctic, Pacific, and North American interior, and produce most of the country's rain and snow east of the mountains | volcanism: the vast majority of volcanoes in Western Canada's Coast Mountains remain dormant", "display": "continuous permafrost in north is a serious obstacle to development; cyclonic storms form east of the Rocky Mountains, a result of the mixing of air masses from the Arctic, Pacifi…", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "bauxite, iron ore, nickel, zinc, copper, gold, lead, uranium, rare earth elements, molybdenum, potash, diamonds, silver, fish, timber, wildlife, coal, petroleum, natural gas, hydropower", "display": "bauxite, iron ore, nickel, zinc, copper, gold, lead, uranium, rare earth elements, molybdenum, potash, diamonds, silver, fish, timber, wildlife, coal, petroleum, natural gas, hydr…", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "vast majority of the population lives in a discontinuous band within approximately 300 km (186 mi) of the southern border with the United States; the most populated province is Ontario, followed by Quebec and British Columbia", "display": "vast majority of the population lives in a discontinuous band within approximately 300 km (186 mi) of the southern border with the United States; the most populated province is On…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 39,187,155 (2025 est.) | male: 19,515,416 | female: 19,671,739", "display": "total: 39,187,155 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 39187155.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.73% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.73% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0073, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 81.9% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.95% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 81.9% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "English (official) 87.1%, French (official) 29.1%, Chinese languages 4.2%, Spanish 3.2%, Punjabi 2.6%, Arabic 2.4%, Tagalog 2.3%, Italian 1.5% (2022 est.) | major-language sample(s): | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. (English) | The World Factbook, une source indispensable d'informations de base. (French)", "display": "English (official) 87.1%, French (official) 29.1%, Chinese languages 4.2%, Spanish 3.2%, Punjabi 2.6%, Arabic 2.4%, Tagalog 2.3%, Italian 1.5% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Christian 53.3%, Muslim 4.9%, Hindu 2.3%, Sikh 2.1%, Buddhist 1%, Jewish 0.9%, Traditional (North American Indigenous) 0.2%, other religions and traditional spirituality 0.6%, none 34.6% (2021 est.)", "display": "Christian 53.3%, Muslim 4.9%, Hindu 2.3%, Sikh 2.1%, Buddhist 1%, Jewish 0.9%, Traditional (North American Indigenous) 0.2%, other religions and traditional spirituality 0.6%, non…", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 84.2 years (2024 est.) | male: 81.9 years | female: 86.6 years", "display": "total population: 84.2 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 84.2, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 42.8 years (2025 est.) | male: 41.4 years | female: 43.8 years", "display": "total: 42.8 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "6.372 million Toronto, 4.308 million Montreal, 2.657 million Vancouver, 1.640 million Calgary, 1.544 million Edmonton, 1.437 million OTTAWA (capital) (2023)", "display": "6.372 million Toronto, 4.308 million Montreal, 2.657 million Vancouver, 1.640 million Calgary, 1.544 million Edmonton, 1.437 million OTTAWA (capital) (2023)", 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"category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Ottawa | geographic coordinates: 45 25 N, 75 42 W | time difference: UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November | time zone note: Canada has six time zones | etymology: the city lies on the south bank of the Ottawa River, from which it derives its name; the river name comes from the Algonquin word adawe , meaning \"to trade\"", "display": "name: Ottawa", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "federal parliamentary democracy (Parliament of Canada) under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm; federal and state authorities and responsibilities regulated in constitution", "display": "federal parliamentary democracy (Parliament of Canada) under a 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April 1982 | amendment process: proposed by either house of Parliament or by the provincial legislative assemblies; there are 5 methods for passage though most require approval by both houses of Parliament, approval of at least two thirds of the provincial legislative assemblies and assent and formalization as a proclamation by the governor general in council; the most restrictive method is reserved for amendments affecting fundamental sections of the constitution, such as the office of the monarch or the governor general, and the constitutional amendment procedures, which require unanimous approval by both houses and by all the provincial assemblies, and assent of the governor general in council", "display": "history: consists of unwritten and written acts, customs, judicial decisions, and traditions dating from 1763; the written part of the constitution consists of the Constitution Ac…", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1982 }, 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economy and second-largest US trading partner; key timber, oil, and gas industries; trade uncertainties and weak business investments contributing to economic slowdown; high and growing public debt; inflation moderating but remains above target range", "display": "high-income economy and second-largest US trading partner; key timber, oil, and gas industries; trade uncertainties and weak business investments contributing to economic slowdown…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$2.341 trillion (2024 est.) | $2.305 trillion (2023 est.) | $2.271 trillion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$2.341 trillion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 2341.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": 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"id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "2.902 trillion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "2.902 trillion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 4.869 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 27.357 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 3.859 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 4.869 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Marine Life Conservation", "display": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/canada.json" }, { "entity_id": "cayman-islands", "name": "Cayman Islands", "source_code": "KY", "source_entity_class": "dependency-or-territory", "source_region": "Central America and the Caribbean", "roadmap_country": null, "coverage_region": null, "roadmap_status": "additional", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 109, "published_fact_count": 45, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 66653.0, "area_sq_km": 264.0, "capital": "George Town (on Grand Cayman)", "government_type": "parliamentary democracy; self-governing overseas territory of the UK", "life_expectancy_years": 82.5, "urban_population_percent": 100.0, "internet_users_percent": 81.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 78100.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2023, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "The British colonized the Cayman Islands during the 18th and 19th centuries, and Jamaica -- also a British colony at the time -- administered the islands after 1863. In 1959, the islands became a territory within the Federation of the West Indies. When the Federation dissolved in 1962, the Cayman Islands chose to remain a British dependency. The territory has transformed itself into a significant offshore financial center.", "display": "The British colonized the Cayman Islands during the 18th and 19th centuries, and Jamaica -- also a British colony at the time -- administered the islands after 1863. 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"display": "total : 264 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 264.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "160 km", "display": "160 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "low-lying limestone base surrounded by coral reefs", "display": "low-lying limestone base surrounded by coral reefs", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical marine; warm, rainy summers (May to October) and cool, relatively dry winters (November to April)", "display": "tropical marine; warm, rainy summers (May to October) and cool, relatively dry winters (November to April)", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: 1 km SW of The Bluff on Cayman Brac 50 m | lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m", "display": "highest point: 1 km SW of The Bluff on Cayman Brac 50 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "hurricanes (July to November)", "display": "hurricanes (July to November)", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "fish, climate and beaches that foster tourism", "display": "fish, climate and beaches that foster tourism", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "majority of the population resides on Grand Cayman", "display": "majority of the population resides on Grand Cayman", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 66,653 (2024 est.) | male: 32,379 | female: 34,274", "display": "total: 66,653 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 66653.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.71% (2025 est.)", "display": "1.71% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0171, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": 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"total: 41.3 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "35,000 GEORGE TOWN (capital) (2018)", "display": "35,000 GEORGE TOWN (capital) (2018)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: none | conventional short form: Cayman Islands | etymology: Spanish explorers named the islands in the early 16th century, using the Carib word for marine crocodiles, caiman", "display": "conventional long form: none", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: 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}, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "Caricom (associate), CDB, Interpol (subbureau), IOC, UNESCO (associate), UPU", "display": "Caricom (associate), CDB, Interpol (subbureau), IOC, UNESCO (associate), UPU", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "dominant offshore banking territory; services sector accounts for over 85% of economic activity; recently adopted a fiscal responsibility framework to combat tax evasion and money laundering; large tourism sector; does not have any welfare system; high standard of living", "display": "dominant offshore banking territory; services sector accounts for over 85% of economic activity; recently adopted a fiscal 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"estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "3 (2025)", "display": "3 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 2 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 0 | very small: 2 | ports with oil terminals: 2 | key ports: Cayman Brac, Georgetown", "display": "total ports: 2 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 130 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 29, container ship 3, general cargo 1, oil tanker 20, other 77", "display": "total: 130 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "no natural freshwater resources; trash washing up or being deposited on beaches; no recycling or waste-treatment facilities; deforestation", "display": "no natural freshwater resources; trash washing up or being deposited on beaches; no recycling or waste-treatment facilities; deforestation", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "737,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 737,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "737,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/cayman-islands.json" }, { "entity_id": "central-african-republic", "name": "Central African Republic", "source_code": "CF", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Africa", "roadmap_country": "Central African Republic", "coverage_region": "Africa", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 137, "published_fact_count": 48, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 5750570.0, "area_sq_km": 622984.0, "capital": "Bangui", "government_type": "presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 56.4, "urban_population_percent": 43.6, "internet_users_percent": 8.0, "electricity_access_percent": 15.7, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 1100.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": true }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "The Central African Republic (CAR) is a perennially weak state that sits at the crossroads of ethnic and linguistic groups in the center of the African continent. Among the last areas of Sub-Saharan Africa to be drawn into the world economy, its introduction into trade networks around the early 1700s fostered significant competition among its population. The local population sought to benefit from the lucrative Atlantic, trans-Saharan, and Indian Ocean trade in enslaved people and ivory. Slave raids aided by the local populations fostered animosity between ethnic groups that remains today. The territory was established as a French colony named Ubangui-Shari in 1903, and France modeled its administration of the colony after the Belgian Congo, subcontracting control of the territory to private companies that collected rubber and ivory. Although France banned the domestic slave trade in CAR in the 1910s, the private companies continued to exploit the population through forced labor. The colony of Ubangi-Shari gained independence from France as the Central African Republic in 1960, but the death of independence leader Barthelemy BOGANDA six months prior led to an immediate struggle for power. | CAR’s political history has since been marred by a series of coups, the first of which brought Jean-Bedel BOKASSA to power in 1966. Widespread corruption and intolerance for any political opposition characterized his regime. In an effort to prolong his mandate, BOKASSA named himself emperor in 1976 and changed the country’s name to the Central African Empire. His regime’s economic mismanagement culminated in widespread student protests in 1979 that were violently suppressed by security forces. BOKASSA fell out of favor with the international community and was overthrown in a French-backed coup in 1979. After BOKASSA’s departure, the country’s name once again became the Central African Republic. | CAR’s fifth coup in 2013 unseated President Francois BOZIZE after the Seleka, a mainly Muslim rebel coalition, seized the capital and forced BOZIZE to flee the country. The Seleka's widespread abuses spurred the formation of mainly Christian self-defense groups that called themselves the anti-Balaka, which have also committed human rights abuses against Muslim populations in retaliation. Since the rise of these groups, conflict in CAR has become increasingly ethnoreligious, although focused on identity rather than religious ideology. Elections in 2016 installed independent candidate Faustin-Archange TOUADERA as president; he was reelected in 2020. A peace agreement signed in 2019 between the government and the main armed factions has had little effect, and armed groups remain in control of large swaths of the country's territory. TOUADERA's United Hearts Movement has governed the country since 2016, and a new constitution approved by referendum on 30 July 2023 effectively ended term limits, creating the potential for TOUADERA to extend his rule.", "display": "The Central African Republic (CAR) is a perennially weak state that sits at the crossroads of ethnic and linguistic groups in the center of the African continent. Among the last a…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1903 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Central Africa, north of Democratic Republic of the Congo", "display": "Central Africa, north of Democratic Republic of the Congo", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Africa", "display": "Africa", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 622,984 sq km | land: 622,984 sq km | water: 0 sq km", "display": "total : 622,984 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 622984.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "0 km (landlocked)", "display": "0 km (landlocked)", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "vast, flat to rolling plateau; scattered hills in northeast and southwest", "display": "vast, flat to rolling plateau; scattered hills in northeast and southwest", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical; hot, dry winters; mild to hot, wet summers", "display": "tropical; hot, dry winters; mild to hot, wet summers", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Mont Ngaoui 1,410 m | lowest point: Oubangui River 335 m | mean elevation: 635 m", "display": "highest point: Mont Ngaoui 1,410 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds affect northern areas; floods are common", "display": "hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds affect northern areas; floods are common", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "diamonds, uranium, timber, gold, oil, hydropower", "display": "diamonds, uranium, timber, gold, oil, hydropower", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "majority of residents live in the western and central areas of the country, especially in and around the capital of Bangui, as shown in this population distribution map", "display": "majority of residents live in the western and central areas of the country, especially in and around the capital of Bangui, as shown in this population distribution map", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 5,750,570 (2025 est.) | male: 2,864,870 | female: 2,885,700", "display": "total: 5,750,570 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 5750570.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.74% (2025 est.)", "display": "1.74% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0174, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 43.6% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 3.32% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 43.6% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "French (official), Sangho (lingua franca and national language), tribal languages", "display": "French (official), Sangho (lingua franca and national language), tribal languages", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Roman Catholic 34.6%, Protestant 15.7%, other Christian 22.9%, Muslim 13.8%, ethnic religionist 12%, Baha'i 0.2%, agnostic/atheist 0.7% (2020 est.) | note: animistic beliefs and practices strongly influence the Christian majority", "display": "Roman Catholic 34.6%, Protestant 15.7%, other Christian 22.9%, Muslim 13.8%, ethnic religionist 12%, Baha'i 0.2%, agnostic/atheist 0.7% (2020 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 56.4 years (2024 est.) | male: 55.1 years | female: 57.7 years", "display": "total population: 56.4 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 56.4, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 20.6 years (2025 est.) | male: 19.7 years | female: 21.2 years", "display": "total: 20.6 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "958,000 BANGUI (capital) (2023)", "display": "958,000 BANGUI (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 42.4% (2019 est.) | male: 59.8% (2019 est.) | female: 27.1% (2019 est.)", "display": "total population: 42.4% (2019 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2019 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Central African Republic | conventional short form: none | local long form: République centrafricaine | local short form: none | former: Ubangi-Shari, Central African Empire | abbreviation: CAR | etymology: self-descriptive name specifying the country's location on the continent; \"Africa\" is derived from the Roman designation of the area corresponding to present-day Tunisia, \"Africa terra,\" which meant \"Land of the Afri\" (the tribe resident in that area), but which eventually came to mean the entire continent", "display": "conventional long form: Central African Republic", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Bangui | geographic coordinates: 4 22 N, 18 35 E | time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: established as a French military post in 1889; the name means \"rapids\" in the local Bobangui language, because of the city's location above the first great rapid on the Ubangi River", "display": "name: Bangui", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "presidential republic", "display": "presidential republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law system based on the French model", "display": "civil law system based on the French model", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: several previous; latest constitution passed by a national referendum on 30 July 2023 and validated by the Constitutional Court on 30 August 2023 | amendment process: proposals require support of the government, two thirds of the National Council of Transition, and assent by the \"Mediator of the Central African\" crisis; passage requires at least three-fourths majority vote by the National Council membership; non-amendable constitutional provisions include those on the secular and republican form of government, fundamental rights and freedoms, amendment procedures, or changes to the authorities of various high-level executive, parliamentary, and judicial officials", "display": "history: several previous; latest constitution passed by a national referendum on 30 July 2023 and validated by the Constitutional Court on 30 August 2023", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "14 prefectures ( préfectures , singular - préfecture ), 2 economic prefectures* ( préfectures économiques , singular - préfecture économique ), and 1 commune**; Bamingui-Bangoran, Bangui**, Basse-Kotto, Haute-Kotto, Haut-Mbomou, Kemo, Lobaye, Mambere-Kadei, Mbomou, Nana-Grebizi*, Nana-Mambere, Ombella-Mpoko, Ouaka, Ouham, Ouham-Pende, Sangha-Mbaere*, Vakaga", "display": "14 prefectures ( préfectures , singular - préfecture ), 2 economic prefectures* ( préfectures économiques , singular - préfecture économique ), and 1 commune**; Bamingui-Bangoran,…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, EITI (compliant country) (suspended), FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LCBC, MIGA, NAM, OIC (observer), OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, EITI (compliant country) (suspended), FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITSO, ITU, ITU…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "enormous natural resources; extreme poverty; weak public institutions and infrastructure; political and gender-based violence have led to displacement of roughly 25% of population; Bangui-Douala corridor blockade reduced activity and tax collection; strong agricultural performance offset COVID-19 downturn", "display": "enormous natural resources; extreme poverty; weak public institutions and infrastructure; political and gender-based violence have led to displacement of roughly 25% of population…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$5.926 billion (2024 est.) | $5.836 billion (2023 est.) | $5.795 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$5.926 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 5.926, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$1,100 (2024 est.) | $1,100 (2023 est.) | $1,100 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$1,100 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 1100.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "1.5% (2024 est.) | 0.7% (2023 est.) | 0.5% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "1.5% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3% (2023 est.) | 5.6% (2022 est.) | 4.3% (2021 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "3% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.03, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "5.9% (2024 est.) | 5.9% (2023 est.) | 6% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "5.9% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.059000000000000004, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "gold and diamond mining, logging, brewing, sugar refining", "display": "gold and diamond mining, logging, brewing, sugar refining", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "cassava, groundnuts, yams, coffee, maize, sesame seeds, taro, sugarcane, beef, milk (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "cassava, groundnuts, yams, coffee, maize, sesame seeds, taro, sugarcane, beef, milk (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "gold, wood, diamonds, vehicle parts/accessories, cotton (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "gold, wood, diamonds, vehicle parts/accessories, cotton (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, cars, packaged medicine, vaccines, tanks and armored vehicles (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, cars, packaged medicine, vaccines, tanks and armored vehicles (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 8% (2019 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 8% (2019 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.08, "estimate_year": 2019 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 1,000 (2022 est.) Data available for 2019 only. | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2022 est.) less than 1", "display": "total: 1,000 (2022 est.) Data available for 2019 only.", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 1000.0, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 15.7% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 34.7% | electrification - rural areas: 1.6%", "display": "electrification - total population: 15.7% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 0.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 99.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 0.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "954,000 Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "954,000 Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "43 (2025)", "display": "43 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "water pollution; tap water not potable; poaching; wildlife mismanagement; desertification; deforestation; soil erosion", "display": "water pollution; tap water not potable; poaching; wildlife mismanagement; desertification; deforestation; soil erosion", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "313,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 313,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "313,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "141 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "141 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 60.1 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 12 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 400,000 cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 60.1 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardo…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/central-african-republic.json" }, { "entity_id": "chad", "name": "Chad", "source_code": "TD", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Africa", "roadmap_country": "Chad", "coverage_region": "Africa", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 146, "published_fact_count": 49, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 19674004.0, "area_sq_km": null, "capital": "N'Djamena", "government_type": "presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 60.0, "urban_population_percent": 24.4, "internet_users_percent": 13.0, "electricity_access_percent": 11.7, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 2600.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": true }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Chad emerged from a collection of powerful states that controlled the Sahelian belt starting around the 9 th century. These states focused on controlling trans-Saharan trade routes and profited mostly from the slave trade. The Kanem-Bornu Empire, centered around the Lake Chad Basin, existed between the 9 th and 19 th centuries, and at its peak, the empire controlled territory stretching from southern Chad to southern Libya and included portions of modern-day Algeria, Cameroon, Niger, Nigeria, and Sudan. The Sudanese warlord Rabih AZ-ZUBAYR used an army comprised largely of slaves to conquer the Kanem-Bornu Empire in the late 19 th century. In southeastern Chad, the Bagirmi and Ouaddai (Wadai) kingdoms emerged in the 15 th and 16 th centuries and lasted until the arrival of the French in the 19 th and 20 th centuries. France began moving into the region in the late 1880s and defeated the Bagirmi kingdom in 1897, Rabih AZ-ZUBAYR in 1900, and the Ouddai kingdom in 1909. In the arid regions of northern Chad and southern Libya, an Islamic order called the Sanusiyya (Sanusi) relied heavily on the trans-Saharan slave trade and had upwards of 3 million followers by the 1880s. The French defeated the Sanusiyya in 1910 after years of intermittent war. By 1910, France had incorporated the northern arid region, the Lake Chad Basin, and southeastern Chad into French Equatorial Africa. | Chad achieved its independence in 1960 and then saw three decades of instability, oppressive rule, civil war, and a Libyan invasion. With the help of the French military and several African countries, Chadian leaders expelled Libyan forces during the 1987 \"Toyota War,\" so named for the use of Toyota pickup trucks as fighting vehicles. In 1990, Chadian general Idriss DEBY led a rebellion against President Hissene HABRE. Under DEBY, Chad approved a constitution and held elections in 1996. Shortly after DEBY was killed during a rebel incursion in 2021, a group of military officials -- led by DEBY’s son, Mahamat Idriss DEBY -- took control of the government. The military officials dismissed the National Assembly, suspended the Constitution, and formed a Transitional Military Council (TMC), while pledging to hold democratic elections by October 2022. A national dialogue in August-October 2022 culminated in decisions to extend the transition for up to two years, dissolve the TMC, and appoint Mahamat DEBY as Transitional President; the transitional authorities held a constitutional referendum in December 2023 and claimed 86 percent of votes were in favor of the new constitution. The transitional authorities have announced plans to hold elections by October 2024. | Chad has faced widespread poverty, an economy severely weakened by volatile international oil prices, terrorist-led insurgencies in the Lake Chad Basin, and several waves of rebellions in northern and eastern Chad. In 2015, the government imposed a state of emergency in the Lake Chad Basin following multiple attacks by the terrorist group Boko Haram, now known as ISIS-West Africa. The same year, Boko Haram conducted bombings in N'Djamena. In 2019, the Chadian government also declared a state of emergency in the Sila and Ouaddai regions bordering Sudan and in the Tibesti region bordering Niger, where rival ethnic groups are still fighting. The army has suffered heavy losses to Islamic terror groups in the Lake Chad Basin.", "display": "Chad emerged from a collection of powerful states that controlled the Sahelian belt starting around the 9 th century. These states focused on controlling trans-Saharan trade route…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1900 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Central Africa, south of Libya", "display": "Central Africa, south of Libya", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Africa", "display": "Africa", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 1.284 million sq km | land: 1,259,200 sq km | water: 24,800 sq km", "display": "total : 1.284 million sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "0 km (landlocked)", "display": "0 km (landlocked)", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "broad, arid plains in center, desert in north, mountains in northwest, lowlands in south", "display": "broad, arid plains in center, desert in north, mountains in northwest, lowlands in south", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical in south, desert in north", "display": "tropical in south, desert in north", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Emi Koussi 3,445 m | lowest point: Djourab 160 m | mean elevation: 543 m", "display": "highest point: Emi Koussi 3,445 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds occur in north; periodic droughts; locust plagues", "display": "hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds occur in north; periodic droughts; locust plagues", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "petroleum, uranium, natron, kaolin, fish (Lake Chad), gold, limestone, sand and gravel, salt", "display": "petroleum, uranium, natron, kaolin, fish (Lake Chad), gold, limestone, sand and gravel, salt", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "the population is unevenly distributed due to contrasts in climate and physical geography; the highest density is found in the southwest, particularly around Lake Chad and points south; the dry Saharan zone to the north is the least densely populated, as shown in this population distribution map", "display": "the population is unevenly distributed due to contrasts in climate and physical geography; the highest density is found in the southwest, particularly around Lake Chad and points…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 19,674,004 (2025 est.) | male: 9,756,129 | female: 9,917,875", "display": "total: 19,674,004 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 19674004.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "2.98% (2025 est.)", "display": "2.98% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0298, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 24.4% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 4.1% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 24.4% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "French (official), Arabic (official), Sara (in south), more than 120 languages and dialects | major-language sample(s): | The World Factbook, une source indispensable d'informations de base. (French) | كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "French (official), Arabic (official), Sara (in south), more than 120 languages and dialects", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Muslim 52.1%, Protestant 23.9%, Roman Catholic 20%, animist 0.3%, other Christian 0.2%, none 2.8%, unspecified 0.7% (2014-15 est.)", "display": "Muslim 52.1%, Protestant 23.9%, Roman Catholic 20%, animist 0.3%, other Christian 0.2%, none 2.8%, unspecified 0.7% (2014-15 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2014 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 60 years (2024 est.) | male: 58.1 years | female: 62 years", "display": "total population: 60 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 60.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 16.9 years (2025 est.) | male: 16.3 years | female: 17.2 years", "display": "total: 16.9 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.592 million N'DJAMENA (capital) (2023)", "display": "1.592 million N'DJAMENA (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 30.6% (2019 est.) | male: 44.5% (2019 est.) | female: 18.6% (2019 est.)", "display": "total population: 30.6% (2019 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2019 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 7 years (2015 est.) | male: 9 years (2015 est.) | female: 6 years (2015 est.)", "display": "total: 7 years (2015 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2015 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Chad | conventional short form: Chad | local long form: République du Tchad/Jumhuriyat Tshad | local short form: Tchad/Tshad | etymology: named for Lake Chad, which lies along the country's western border; taken from a local word meaning \"large body 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food insecurity; recent growth driven by oil and agricultural recovery; debt-restructuring agreement under G20 Common Framework", "display": "oil-dependent economy challenged by market fluctuations, regional instability, refugee influx, and climate vulnerability; high levels of extreme poverty and food insecurity; recen…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$52.895 billion (2024 est.) | $51.03 billion (2023 est.) | $49.012 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$52.895 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 52.895, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$2,600 (2024 est.) | $2,600 (2023 est.) | $2,700 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 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"source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 94.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 0.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 2.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 2.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 94.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "1.502 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "1.502 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "44 (2025)", "display": "44 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "inadequate supplies of potable water; soil and water pollution from improper waste disposal in rural areas and poor farming practices; desertification", "display": "inadequate supplies of potable water; soil and water pollution from improper waste disposal in rural areas and poor farming practices; desertification", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "2.054 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 2 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 2.054 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "2.054 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "45.7 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "45.7 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 103.7 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 103.7 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 672.2 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 103.7 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: Marine Dumping-London Convention", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardo…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/chad.json" }, { "entity_id": "chile", "name": "Chile", "source_code": "CL", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "South America", "roadmap_country": "Chile", "coverage_region": "Americas", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 146, "published_fact_count": 52, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 19091343.0, "area_sq_km": 756102.0, "capital": "Santiago; note - Valparaiso is the seat of the national legislature", "government_type": "presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 80.3, "urban_population_percent": 88.0, "internet_users_percent": 95.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 30200.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Indigenous groups inhabited central and southern Chile for several thousand years, living in mixed pastoralist and settled communities. The Inca then ruled the north of the country for nearly a century prior to the arrival of the Spanish in the 16th century. In 1541, the Spanish established the Captaincy General of Chile, which lasted until Chile declared its independence in 1810. The subsequent struggle with the Spanish became tied to other South American independence conflicts, with a decisive victory not being achieved until 1818. In the War of the Pacific (1879-83), Chile defeated Peru and Bolivia to win its current northernmost regions. By the 1880s, the Chilean central government cemented its control over the central and southern regions inhabited by Mapuche Indigenous peoples. Between 1891 and 1973, a series of elected governments succeeded each other until the Marxist government of Salvador ALLENDE was overthrown in 1973 in a military coup led by General Augusto PINOCHET, who ruled until a democratically elected president was inaugurated in 1990. Economic reforms that were maintained consistently since the 1980s contributed to steady growth, reduced poverty rates by over half, and helped secure the country's commitment to democratic and representative government. Chile has increasingly assumed regional and international leadership roles befitting its status as a stable, democratic nation.", "display": "Indigenous groups inhabited central and southern Chile for several thousand years, living in mixed pastoralist and settled communities. The Inca then ruled the north of the countr…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1973 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southern South America, bordering the South Pacific Ocean, between Argentina and Peru", "display": "Southern South America, bordering the South Pacific Ocean, between Argentina and Peru", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "South America", "display": "South America", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 756,102 sq km | land: 743,812 sq km | water: 12,290 sq km | note: includes Easter Island (Isla de Pascua) and Isla Sala y Gomez", "display": "total : 756,102 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 756102.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "6,435 km", "display": "6,435 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "low coastal mountains, fertile central valley, rugged Andes in east", "display": "low coastal mountains, fertile central valley, rugged Andes in east", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "temperate; desert in north; Mediterranean in central region; cool and damp in south", "display": "temperate; desert in north; Mediterranean in central region; cool and damp in south", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Nevado Ojos del Salado 6,893 m (highest volcano in the world) | lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m | mean elevation: 1,871 m", "display": "highest point: Nevado Ojos del Salado 6,893 m (highest volcano in the world)", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "severe earthquakes; active volcanism; tsunamis | volcanism: significant volcanic activity due to more than three-dozen active volcanoes along the Andes Mountains; Lascar (5,592 m), which last erupted in 2007, is the most active volcano in the northern Chilean Andes; Llaima (3,125 m) in central Chile, which last erupted in 2009, is another of the country's most active; Chaiten's 2008 eruption forced major evacuations; other notable historically active volcanoes include Cerro Hudson, Calbuco, Copahue, Guallatiri, Llullaillaco, Nevados de Chillan, Puyehue, San Pedro, and Villarrica; see note 2 under \"Geography - note\"", "display": "severe earthquakes; active volcanism; tsunamis", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2007 }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "copper, timber, iron ore, nitrates, precious metals, molybdenum, hydropower", "display": "copper, timber, iron ore, nitrates, precious metals, molybdenum, hydropower", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "90% of the population is located in the middle third of the country around the capital of Santiago; the far north, including the Atacama Desert, and the extreme south are relatively underpopulated", "display": "90% of the population is located in the middle third of the country around the capital of Santiago; the far north, including the Atacama Desert, and the extreme south are relative…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 19,091,343 (2025 est.) | male: 9,379,883 | female: 9,711,460", "display": "total: 19,091,343 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 19091343.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.46% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.46% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0046, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 88% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.78% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 88% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Spanish 99.5% (official), English 10.2%, Indigenous 1% (includes Mapudungun, Aymara, Quechua, Rapa Nui), other 2.3%, unspecified 0.2% (2012 est.) | major-language sample(s): | La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. | note: shares sum to more than 100% because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census", "display": "Spanish 99.5% (official), English 10.2%, Indigenous 1% (includes Mapudungun, Aymara, Quechua, Rapa Nui), other 2.3%, unspecified 0.2% (2012 est.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2012 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Catholic 57%, none 25.7%, Evangelical or Protestant 16.2%, other Christians and traditions related to Christ 1.3%; less than 1%: Buddhist, Catholic Orthodox, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, Islam, Judaism, other religions, no religion (2024)", "display": "Catholic 57%, none 25.7%, Evangelical or Protestant 16.2%, other Christians and traditions related to Christ 1.3%; less than 1%: Buddhist, Catholic Orthodox, Church of Jesus Chris…", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 80.3 years (2024 est.) | male: 77.3 years | female: 83.3 years", "display": "total population: 80.3 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 80.3, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 38.9 years (2025 est.) | male: 35.8 years | female: 38.2 years", "display": "total: 38.9 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "6.903 million SANTIAGO (capital), 1.009 million Valparaiso, 912,000 Concepcion (2023)", "display": "6.903 million SANTIAGO (capital), 1.009 million Valparaiso, 912,000 Concepcion (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 96.4% (2017 est.) | male: 96.5% (2017 est.) | female: 96.3% (2017 est.)", "display": "total population: 96.4% (2017 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2017 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 17 years (2023 est.) | male: 17 years (2023 est.) | female: 17 years (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 17 years (2023 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Chile | conventional short form: Chile | local long form: República de Chile | local short form: Chile | etymology: derivation of the name is unclear; it may come from a local word meaning either \"land's end\" or \"cold,\" or a local word that was confused with the Mexican Spanish word chili , meaning a chili pepper, in reference to the area's shape", "display": "conventional long form: Republic of Chile", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Santiago; note - Valparaiso is the seat of the national legislature | geographic coordinates: 33 27 S, 70 40 W | time difference: UTC-3 (2 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, begins second Sunday in August; ends second Sunday in May; note - Punta Arenas observes DST throughout the year | time zone note: Chile has three time zones: the continental portion at UTC-3; the southern Aysén and Magallanes regions, which do not use daylight savings time and remain at UTC-3 year-round; and Easter Island at UTC-5 | etymology: Santiago is named after Saint James, the patron saint of Spain (Santo Iago in Spanish); Valparaiso derives from the Spanish words valle (valley) and paraíso (paradise)", "display": "name: Santiago; note - Valparaiso is the seat of the national legislature", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "presidential republic", "display": "presidential republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law system influenced by several Western European civil legal systems; Constitutional Tribunal reviews legislative acts", "display": "civil law system influenced by several Western European civil legal systems; Constitutional Tribunal reviews legislative acts", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: many previous; latest adopted 11 September 1980, effective 11 March 1981; in September 2022 and again in December 2023, referendums presented for a new constitution were both defeated, and the September 1980 constitution remains in force | amendment process: proposed by members of either house of the National Congress or by the president of the republic; passage requires at least four-sevenths majority vote of the membership in both houses and approval by the president; passage of amendments to constitutional articles, such as the republican form of government, basic rights and freedoms, the Constitutional Tribunal, electoral justice, the Council of National Security, or the constitutional amendment process, requires at least four-sevenths majority vote by both houses of Congress and approval by the president; the president can opt to hold a referendum when Congress and the president disagree on an amendment", "display": "history: many previous; latest adopted 11 September 1980, effective 11 March 1981; in September 2022 and again in December 2023, referendums presented for a new constitution were…", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1980 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "16 regions ( regiones , singular - region ); Antofagasta, Araucanía, Arica y Parinacota, Atacama, Aysén, Biobío, Coquimbo, Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins, Los Lagos, Los Ríos, Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena (Magallanes and Chilean Antarctica), Maule, Ñuble, Región Metropolitana (Santiago), Tarapacá, Valparaíso | note: the US does not recognize any claims to Antarctica", "display": "16 regions ( regiones , singular - region ); Antofagasta, Araucanía, Arica y Parinacota, Atacama, Aysén, Biobío, Coquimbo, Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins, Los Lagos, Los Rí…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "APEC, BIS, CAN (associate), CD, CELAC, FAO, G-15, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA, Mercosur (associate), MIGA, MINUSTAH, NAM, OAS, OECD (enhanced engagement), OPANAL, OPCW, Pacific Alliance, PCA, PROSUR, SICA (observer), UN, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNMOGIP, UNOOSA, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "APEC, BIS, CAN (associate), CD, CELAC, FAO, G-15, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, I…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "export-driven economy; leading copper producer; though hit by COVID-19, fairly quick rebound from increased liquidity and rapid vaccine rollouts; decreasing poverty but still lingering inequality; public debt rising but still manageable; recent political violence has had negative economic consequences", "display": "export-driven economy; leading copper producer; though hit by COVID-19, fairly quick rebound from increased liquidity and rapid vaccine rollouts; decreasing poverty but still ling…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$596.556 billion (2024 est.) | $581.187 billion (2023 est.) | $578.173 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$596.556 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 596.556, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$30,200 (2024 est.) | $29,600 (2023 est.) | $29,600 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$30,200 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 30200.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.6% (2024 est.) | 0.5% (2023 est.) | 2.2% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "2.6% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "4.3% (2024 est.) | 7.6% (2023 est.) | 11.6% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "4.3% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.043, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "9.1% (2024 est.) | 9.1% (2023 est.) | 8.3% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "9.1% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.091, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "copper, lithium, other minerals, foodstuffs, fish processing, iron and steel, wood and wood products, transport equipment, cement, textiles", "display": "copper, lithium, other minerals, foodstuffs, fish processing, iron and steel, wood and wood products, transport equipment, cement, textiles", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "grapes, milk, apples, wheat, tomatoes, potatoes, chicken, maize, sugar beets, pork (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "grapes, milk, apples, wheat, tomatoes, potatoes, chicken, maize, sugar beets, pork (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "copper ore, refined copper, fish, carbonates, pitted fruits (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "copper ore, refined copper, fish, carbonates, pitted fruits (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, crude petroleum, cars, garments, trucks (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, crude petroleum, cars, garments, trucks (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 95% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 95% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.95, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 4.52 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 23 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 4.52 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 4520000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 35.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 20.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 10.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 26.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | geothermal: 0.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 5.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 35.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "71.42 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "71.42 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "379 (2025)", "display": "379 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 39 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 2 | small: 10 | very small: 27 | ports with oil terminals: 25 | key ports: Antofagasta, Bahia de Valdivia, Bahia de Valparaiso, Coronel, Iquique, Mejillones, Puerto Montt, Puerto San Antonio, Rada de Arica, Rada Punta Arenas, Talcahuano, Tocopilla", "display": "total ports: 39 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 7,281.5 km (2014) | narrow gauge: 3,853.5 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge | broad gauge: 3,428 km (2014) 1.676-m gauge (1,691 km electrified)", "display": "total: 7,281.5 km (2014)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2014 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 249 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 3, container ship 5, general cargo 66, oil tanker 14, other 161", "display": "total: 249 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "air pollution from industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution from raw sewage; noise pollution; improper garbage disposal; soil degradation; widespread deforestation; pollution and ecosystem degradation from mining; wildlife conservation", "display": "air pollution from industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution from raw sewage; noise pollution; improper garbage disposal; soil degradation; widespread deforestation; pollu…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "83.058 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 14.773 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 55.504 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 12.781 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "83.058 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "923.06 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "923.06 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 1.29 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 1.66 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 29.42 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 1.29 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Cl…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/chile.json" }, { "entity_id": "china", "name": "China", "source_code": "CN", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Asia", "roadmap_country": "China", "coverage_region": "Asia", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 158, "published_fact_count": 51, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 1407181209.0, "area_sq_km": 9596960.0, "capital": "Beijing", "government_type": "communist party-led state", "life_expectancy_years": 78.7, "urban_population_percent": 64.6, "internet_users_percent": 78.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 23800.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "China's historical civilization dates to at least the 13th century B.C., first under the Shang (to 1046 B.C.) and then the Zhou (1046-221 B.C.) dynasties. The imperial era of China began in 221 B.C. under the Qin Dynasty and lasted until the fall of the Qing Dynasty in 1912. During this period, China alternated between periods of unity and disunity under a succession of imperial dynasties. In the 19 th century, the Qing Dynasty suffered heavily from overextension by territorial conquest, insolvency, civil war, imperialism, military defeats, and foreign expropriation of ports and infrastructure. It collapsed following the Revolution of 1911, and China became a republic under SUN Yat-sen of the Kuomintang (KMT or Nationalist) Party. However, the republic was beset by division, warlordism, and continued foreign intervention. In the late 1920s, a civil war erupted between the ruling KMT-controlled government, led by CHIANG Kai-shek, and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Japan occupied much of northeastern China in the early 1930s, and then launched a full-scale invasion of the country in 1937. The resulting eight years of warfare devastated the country and cost up to 20 million Chinese lives by the time of Japan’s defeat in 1945. The Nationalist-Communist civil war continued with renewed intensity after the end of World War II and culminated with a CCP victory in 1949, under the leadership of MAO Zedong. | MAO and the CCP established an autocratic socialist system that, while ensuring the PRC's sovereignty, imposed strict controls over everyday life and launched agricultural, economic, political, and social policies -- such as the Great Leap Forward (1958-1962) and the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976) -- that cost the lives of millions of people. MAO died in 1976. Beginning in 1978, leaders DENG Xiaoping, JIANG Zemin, and HU Jintao focused on market-oriented economic development and opening up the country to foreign trade, while maintaining the rule of the CCP. Since the change, China has been among the world’s fastest growing economies, with real gross domestic product averaging over 9% growth annually through 2021, lifting an estimated 800 million people out of poverty and dramatically improving overall living standards. By 2011, the PRC’s economy was the second largest in the world. Current leader XI Jinping has continued these policies but has also maintained tight political controls. Over the past decade, China has increased its global outreach, including military deployments, participation in international organizations, and a global connectivity plan in 2013 called the \"Belt and Road Initiative\" (BRI). Many nations have signed on to BRI agreements to attract PRC investment, but others have expressed concerns about such issues as the opaque nature of the projects, financing, and potentially unsustainable debt obligations. XI Jinping assumed the positions of General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party and Chairman of the Central Military Commission in 2012 and President in 2013. In 2018, the PRC’s National People’s Congress passed an amendment abolishing presidential term limits, which allowed XI to gain a third five-year term in 2023.", "display": "China's historical civilization dates to at least the 13th century B.C., first under the Shang (to 1046 B.C.) and then the Zhou (1046-221 B.C.) dynasties. The imperial era of Chin…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1912 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Eastern Asia, bordering the East China Sea, Korea Bay, Yellow Sea, and South China Sea, between North Korea and Vietnam", "display": "Eastern Asia, bordering the East China Sea, Korea Bay, Yellow Sea, and South China Sea, between North Korea and Vietnam", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Asia", "display": "Asia", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 9,596,960 sq km | land: 9,326,410 sq km | water: 270,550 sq km", "display": "total : 9,596,960 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 9596960.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "14,500 km", "display": "14,500 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly mountains, high plateaus, deserts in west; plains, deltas, and hills in east", "display": "mostly mountains, high plateaus, deserts in west; plains, deltas, and hills in east", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "extremely diverse; tropical in south to subarctic in north", "display": "extremely diverse; tropical in south to subarctic in north", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Mount Everest (highest peak in Asia and highest point on earth above sea level) 8,849 m | lowest point: Turpan Pendi (Turfan Depression) -154 m | mean elevation: 1,840 m", "display": "highest point: Mount Everest (highest peak in Asia and highest point on earth above sea level) 8,849 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "frequent typhoons (about five per year along southern and eastern coasts); damaging floods; tsunamis; earthquakes; droughts; land subsidence | volcanism: China contains some historically active volcanoes including Changbaishan (also known as Baitoushan, Baegdu, or P'aektu-san), Hainan Dao, and Kunlun although most have been relatively inactive in recent centuries", "display": "frequent typhoons (about five per year along southern and eastern coasts); damaging floods; tsunamis; earthquakes; droughts; land subsidence", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "coal, iron ore, helium, petroleum, natural gas, arsenic, bismuth, cobalt, cadmium, ferrosilicon, gallium, germanium, hafnium, indium, lithium, mercury, tantalum, tellurium, tin, titanium, tungsten, antimony, manganese, magnesium, molybdenum, selenium, strontium, vanadium, magnetite, aluminum, lead, zinc, rare earth elements, uranium, hydropower potential (world's largest), arable land", "display": "coal, iron ore, helium, petroleum, natural gas, arsenic, bismuth, cobalt, cadmium, ferrosilicon, gallium, germanium, hafnium, indium, lithium, mercury, tantalum, tellurium, tin, t…", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "overwhelming majority of the population is found in the eastern half of the country; the west, with its vast mountainous and desert areas, remains sparsely populated; though ranked first in the world in total population, overall density is less than that of many Asian and European countries; high population density is found along the Yangtze and Yellow River valleys, the Xi Jiang River delta, the Sichuan Basin (around Chengdu), in and around Beijing, and the industrial area around Shenyang", "display": "overwhelming majority of the population is found in the eastern half of the country; the west, with its vast mountainous and desert areas, remains sparsely populated; though ranke…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 1,407,181,209 (2025 est.) | male: 716,908,592 | female: 690,272,617", "display": "total: 1,407,181,209 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 1407181209.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "-0.08% (2025 est.)", "display": "-0.08% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": -0.0008, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 64.6% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 1.78% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) | note: data do not include Hong Kong and Macau", "display": "urban population: 64.6% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Standard Chinese or Mandarin (official; Putonghua, based on the Beijing dialect), Yue (Cantonese), Wu (Shanghainese), Minbei (Fuzhou), Minnan (Hokkien-Taiwanese), Xiang, Gan, Hakka dialects, minority languages; note - Zhuang is official in Guangxi Zhuang, Yue is official in Guangdong, Mongolian is official in Nei Mongol, Uyghur is official in Xinjiang Uygur, Kyrgyz is official in Xinjiang Uyghur, and Tibetan is official in Xizang (Tibet) | major-language sample(s): | 世界概況 – 不可缺少的基本消息來源 (Standard Chinese) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Standard Chinese or Mandarin (official; Putonghua, based on the Beijing dialect), Yue (Cantonese), Wu (Shanghainese), Minbei (Fuzhou), Minnan (Hokkien-Taiwanese), Xiang, Gan, Hakk…", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "folk religion 21.9%, Buddhist 18.2%, Christian 5.1%, Muslim 1.8%, Hindu < 0.1%, Jewish < 0.1%, other 0.7% (includes Daoist (Taoist)), unaffiliated 52.1% (2021 est.) | note: officially atheist", "display": "folk religion 21.9%, Buddhist 18.2%, Christian 5.1%, Muslim 1.8%, Hindu < 0.1%, Jewish < 0.1%, other 0.7% (includes Daoist (Taoist)), unaffiliated 52.1% (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 78.7 years (2024 est.) | male: 76 years | female: 81.7 years", "display": "total population: 78.7 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 78.7, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 40.8 years (2025 est.) | male: 39 years | female: 41.5 years", "display": "total: 40.8 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "29.211 million Shanghai, 21.766 million BEIJING (capital), 17.341 million Chongqing, 14.284 million Guangzhou, 14.239 million Tianjin, 13.073 million Shenzhen (2023)", "display": "29.211 million Shanghai, 21.766 million BEIJING (capital), 17.341 million Chongqing, 14.284 million Guangzhou, 14.239 million Tianjin, 13.073 million Shenzhen (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 96.7% (2020 est.) | male: 98.4% (2020 est.) | female: 95.1% (2020 est.)", "display": "total population: 96.7% (2020 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: People's Republic of China | conventional short form: China | local long form: Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo | local short form: Zhongguo | abbreviation: PRC | etymology: English name could be derived from the Qin (Chin, Ts'in) rulers in the 3rd century B.C., or from the province of Shaanxi (Shensi) with its capital of Xi'an (Sian); the Chinese name Zhongguo translates as \"Central Nation\" or \"Middle Country\"", "display": "conventional long form: People's Republic of China", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Beijing | geographic coordinates: 39 55 N, 116 23 E | time difference: UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | time zone note: China is the largest country (in terms of area) with just one time zone; before 1949 it was divided into five | etymology: the name comes from the Chinese words bei (north) and jing (capital)", "display": "name: Beijing", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1949 }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "communist party-led state", "display": "communist party-led state", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law influenced by Soviet and continental European civil law systems; legislature retains power to interpret statutes | note: in 2020, the National People's Congress adopted the PRC Civil Code, which codifies personal relations and property relations", "display": "civil law influenced by Soviet and continental European civil law systems; legislature retains power to interpret statutes", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: several previous; latest promulgated 4 December 1982 | amendment process: proposed by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress or supported by more than one fifth of the National People’s Congress membership; passage requires more than two-thirds majority vote of the Congress membership", "display": "history: several previous; latest promulgated 4 December 1982", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1982 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "23 provinces ( sheng , singular and plural), 5 autonomous regions ( zizhiqu , singular and plural), 4 municipalities ( shi , singular and plural), and two special administrative regions ( tebie xingzhengqu , singular and plural) | provinces: Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang; (see note on Taiwan) | autonomous regions: Guangxi, Nei Mongol (Inner Mongolia), Ningxia, Xinjiang Uyghur, Xizang (Tibet) | municipalities: Beijing, Chongqing, Shanghai, Tianjin | special administrative regions: Hong Kong, Macau | note: China considers Taiwan its 23rd province; see separate entries for the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau", "display": "23 provinces ( sheng , singular and plural), 5 autonomous regions ( zizhiqu , singular and plural), 4 municipalities ( shi , singular and plural), and two special administrative r…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ADB, AfDB (nonregional member), APEC, Arctic Council (observer), ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), BIS, BRICS, CDB, CICA, EAS, FAO, FATF, G-20, G-24 (observer), G-5, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAIA (observer), MIGA, MINURSO, MONUSCO, NAM (observer), NSG, OAS (observer), OPCW, Pacific Alliance (observer), PCA, PIF (partner), SAARC (observer), SCO, SICA (observer), UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNOOSA, UN Security Council (permanent), UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC", "display": "ADB, AfDB (nonregional member), APEC, Arctic Council (observer), ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), BIS, BRICS, 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"lens": "economy", "content": "$33.598 trillion (2024 est.) | $32.005 trillion (2023 est.) | $30.361 trillion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$33.598 trillion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 33598.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$23,800 (2024 est.) | $22,700 (2023 est.) | $21,500 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$23,800 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 23800.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "5% (2024 est.) | 5.4% (2023 est.) | 3.1% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "5% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "0.2% (2024 est.) | 0.2% (2023 est.) | 2% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "0.2% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.002, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "4.6% (2024 est.) | 4.7% (2023 est.) | 5% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "4.6% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.046, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "world leader in gross value of industrial output; mining and ore processing, iron, steel, aluminum, and other metals, coal; machine building; armaments; textiles and apparel; petroleum; cement; chemicals; fertilizer; consumer products (including footwear, toys, and electronics); food processing; transportation equipment, including automobiles, railcars and locomotives, ships, aircraft; telecommunications equipment, commercial space launch vehicles, satellites", "display": "world leader in gross value of industrial output; mining and ore processing, iron, steel, aluminum, and other metals, coal; machine building; armaments; textiles and apparel; petr…", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "maize, rice, vegetables, wheat, sugarcane, potatoes, cucumbers/gherkins, tomatoes, watermelons, pork (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "maize, rice, vegetables, wheat, sugarcane, potatoes, cucumbers/gherkins, tomatoes, watermelons, pork (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "broadcasting equipment, computers, integrated circuits, garments, machine parts (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "broadcasting equipment, computers, integrated circuits, garments, machine parts (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "crude petroleum, integrated circuits, iron ore, gold, natural gas (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "crude petroleum, integrated circuits, iron ore, gold, natural gas (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 78% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 78% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.78, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 636 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 45 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 636 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 636000000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 64.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | nuclear: 4.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 6.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 9.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 13.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 1.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 64.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "113.805 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "113.805 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "552 (2025)", "display": "552 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 66 (2024) | large: 5 | medium: 9 | small: 25 | very small: 27 | ports with oil terminals: 48 | key ports: Chaozhou, Dalian, Fang-Cheng, Guangzhou, Hankow, Lon Shui Terminal, Qingdao Gang, Qinhuangdao, Shanghai, Shekou, Tianjin Xin Gang, Weihai, Wenzhou, Xiamen", "display": "total ports: 66 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 150,000 km (2021) 1.435-m gauge (100,000 km electrified); 104,0000 traditional, 40,000 high-speed", "display": "total: 150,000 km (2021) 1.435-m gauge (100,000 km electrified); 104,0000 traditional, 40,000 high-speed", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 8,314 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 1,831, container ship 419, general cargo 1,392, oil tanker 1,196, other 3,476", "display": "total: 8,314 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "air pollution and acid rain from reliance on coal; carbon dioxide emissions from the burning of fossil fuels; water shortages, particularly in the north; water pollution from untreated wastes; coastal destruction due to land reclamation, industrial development, and aquaculture; deforestation and habitat destruction; poor land management leading to soil erosion, landslides, floods, droughts, dust storms, and desertification; trade in endangered species", "display": "air pollution and acid rain from reliance on coal; carbon dioxide emissions from the burning of fossil fuels; water shortages, particularly in the north; water pollution from untr…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "12.196 billion metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 9.575 billion metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 1.847 billion metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 774.076 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "12.196 billion metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "2.84 trillion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "2.84 trillion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 117.01 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 103.04 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 361.24 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 117.01 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban", "display": "party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Pari…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/china.json" }, { "entity_id": "christmas-island", "name": "Christmas Island", "source_code": "CX", "source_entity_class": "dependency-or-territory", "source_region": "Southeast Asia", "roadmap_country": null, "coverage_region": null, "roadmap_status": "additional", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 64, "published_fact_count": 31, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 1692.0, "area_sq_km": 135.0, "capital": "The Settlement (Flying Fish Cove)", "government_type": "non-self-governing overseas territory of Australia", "life_expectancy_years": null, "urban_population_percent": null, "internet_users_percent": 78.6, "electricity_access_percent": null, "gdp_per_capita_usd": null, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": null, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Although Europeans sighted Christmas Island in 1615, it was named for the day of its rediscovery in 1643. Steep cliffs and dense jungle hampered attempts to explore the island over the next two centuries. The discovery of phosphate on the island in 1887 led to the UK annexing it the following year. In 1898, 200 Chinese indentured servants were brought in to work the mines, along with Malays, Sikhs, and a small number of Europeans. The UK administered Christmas Island from Singapore. | Japan invaded the island in 1942, but islanders sabotaged Japanese mining operations, making the mines relatively unproductive. After World War II, Australia and New Zealand bought the company mining the phosphate, and in 1958, the UK transferred sovereignty from Singapore to Australia in exchange for $20 million to compensate for the loss of future phosphate income. In 1980, Australia set up the Christmas Island National Park and expanded its boundaries throughout the 1980s until it covered more than 60% of the island’s territory. The phosphate mine was closed in 1987 because of environmental concerns, and Australia has rejected several efforts to reopen it. | In the 1980s, boats of asylum seekers started landing on Christmas Island, and the migrants claimed refugee status because they were on Australian territory. In 2001, Australia declared Christmas Island to be outside the Australian migration zone and built an immigration detention center on the island. Completed in 2008, the controversial detention center was closed in 2018 but then reopened in 2019. In 2020, the center served as a coronavirus quarantine facility for Australian citizens evacuated from China.", "display": "Although Europeans sighted Christmas Island in 1615, it was named for the day of its rediscovery in 1643. Steep cliffs and dense jungle hampered attempts to explore the island ove…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1942 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southeastern Asia, island in the Indian Ocean, south of Indonesia", "display": "Southeastern Asia, island in the Indian Ocean, south of Indonesia", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southeast Asia", "display": "Southeast Asia", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 135 sq km | land: 135 sq km | water: 0 sq km", "display": "total : 135 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 135.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "138.9 km", "display": "138.9 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "steep cliffs along coast rise abruptly to central plateau", "display": "steep cliffs along coast rise abruptly to central plateau", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical with a wet season (December to April) and dry season; heat and humidity moderated by trade winds", "display": "tropical with a wet season (December to April) and dry season; heat and humidity moderated by trade winds", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Murray Hill 361 m | lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m", "display": "highest point: Murray Hill 361 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard", "display": "the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "phosphate, beaches", "display": "phosphate, beaches", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "majority of the population lives on the northern tip of the island", "display": "majority of the population lives on the northern tip of the island", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 1,692 (2021 est.) | male: 1,007 | female: 685", "display": "total: 1,692 (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 1692.0, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.11% (2014 est.)", "display": "1.11% (2014 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0111, "estimate_year": 2014 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "English (official) 27.6%, Mandarin 17.2%, Malay 17.1%, Cantonese 3.9%, Min Nan 1.6%, Tagalog 1%, other 4.5%, unspecified 27.1% (2016 est.) | note: data represent language spoken at home", "display": "English (official) 27.6%, Mandarin 17.2%, Malay 17.1%, Cantonese 3.9%, Min Nan 1.6%, Tagalog 1%, other 4.5%, unspecified 27.1% (2016 est.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2016 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Muslim 19.4%, Buddhist 18.3%, Roman Catholic 8.8%, Protestant 6.5% (includes Anglican 3.6%, Uniting Church 1.2%, other 1.7%), other Christian 3.3%, other 0.6%, none 15.3%, unspecified 27.7% (2016 est.)", "display": "Muslim 19.4%, Buddhist 18.3%, Roman Catholic 8.8%, Protestant 6.5% (includes Anglican 3.6%, Uniting Church 1.2%, other 1.7%), other Christian 3.3%, other 0.6%, none 15.3%, unspeci…", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2016 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 38 years (2021 est.)", "display": "total: 38 years (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Territory of Christmas Island | conventional short form: Christmas Island | etymology: named by English Captain William MYNORS for the day of its rediscovery, Christmas Day (25 December 1643); Europeans had sighted the island as early as 1615", "display": "conventional long form: Territory of Christmas Island", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: The Settlement (Flying Fish Cove) | geographic coordinates: 10 25 S, 105 43 E | time difference: UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: Flying Fish Cove was named after a British explorer's ship in 1886", "display": "name: The Settlement (Flying Fish Cove)", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "non-self-governing overseas territory of Australia", "display": "non-self-governing overseas territory of Australia", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "system is under the authority of the governor general of Australia and Australian law", "display": "system is under the authority of the governor general of Australia and Australian law", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: 1 October 1958 (Christmas Island Act 1958)", "display": "history: 1 October 1958 (Christmas Island Act 1958)", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1958 }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "none", "display": "none", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "high-income Australian territorial economy; development through government services and phosphate mining; operates Australia’s Immigration Detention Centre; increasing tourism and government investments; sustained environmental protections", "display": "high-income Australian territorial economy; development through government services and phosphate mining; operates Australia’s Immigration Detention Centre; increasing tourism and…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "tourism, phosphate extraction (near depletion)", "display": "tourism, phosphate extraction (near depletion)", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "fertilizers, paintings, amine compounds (2023) | note: top export commodities based on value in dollars over $500,000", "display": "fertilizers, paintings, amine compounds (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "aircraft, refined petroleum, cars, air conditioners, plastic products (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "aircraft, refined petroleum, cars, air conditioners, plastic products (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 78.6% (2016 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 78.6% (2016 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.7859999999999999, "estimate_year": 2016 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "1 (2025)", "display": "1 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 1 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 1 | small: 0 | very small: 0 | ports with oil terminals: 0 | key ports: Flying Fish Cove", "display": "total ports: 1 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 18 km (2017) | standard gauge: 18 km (2017) 1.435-m (not in operation) | note: the 18-km Christmas Island Phosphate Company Railway between Flying Fish Cove and South Point was decommissioned in 1987; some tracks and scrap remain in place", "display": "total: 18 km (2017)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2017 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "loss of rainforest; impact of phosphate mining", "display": "loss of rainforest; impact of phosphate mining", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/christmas-island.json" }, { "entity_id": "clipperton-island", "name": "Clipperton Island", "source_code": "PF", "source_entity_class": "dependency-or-territory", "source_region": "Political Map of the World", "roadmap_country": null, "coverage_region": null, "roadmap_status": "additional", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 25, "published_fact_count": 14, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": null, "area_sq_km": 6.0, "capital": null, "government_type": null, "life_expectancy_years": null, "urban_population_percent": null, "internet_users_percent": null, "electricity_access_percent": null, "gdp_per_capita_usd": null, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": null, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "This isolated atoll was named for John CLIPPERTON, an English pirate who was rumored to have made it his hideout early in the 18th century. Annexed by France in 1855 and claimed by the US, it was seized by Mexico in 1897. Arbitration eventually awarded the island to France in 1931, which took possession in 1935.", "display": "This isolated atoll was named for John CLIPPERTON, an English pirate who was rumored to have made it his hideout early in the 18th century. Annexed by France in 1855 and claimed b…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1931 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Middle America, atoll in the North Pacific Ocean, 1,120 km southwest of Mexico", "display": "Middle America, atoll in the North Pacific Ocean, 1,120 km southwest of Mexico", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Political Map of the World", "display": "Political Map of the World", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 6 sq km | land: 6 sq km | water: 0 sq km", "display": "total : 6 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 6.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "11.1 km", "display": "11.1 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "coral atoll", "display": "coral atoll", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical; humid, average temperature 20-32 degrees Celsius, wet season (May to October)", "display": "tropical; humid, average temperature 20-32 degrees Celsius, wet season (May to October)", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Rocher Clipperton 29 m | lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m", "display": "highest point: Rocher Clipperton 29 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "subject to tropical storms and hurricanes from May to October", "display": "subject to tropical storms and hurricanes from May to October", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "fish", "display": "fish", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: uninhabited", "display": "total: uninhabited", "source_field": "Population", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: none | conventional short form: Clipperton Island | local long form: none | local short form: Ile Clipperton | former: sometimes referred to as Ile de la Passion or Atoll Clipperton | etymology: named after an 18th-century English pirate who is alleged to have used the island as a base starting in 1705", "display": "conventional long form: none", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "the laws of France apply", "display": "the laws of France apply", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "no natural resources, guano deposits depleted; stagnant fresh-water lagoon", "display": "no natural resources, guano deposits depleted; stagnant fresh-water lagoon", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/clipperton-island.json" }, { "entity_id": "cocos-keeling-islands", "name": "Cocos (Keeling) Islands", "source_code": "CC", "source_entity_class": "dependency-or-territory", "source_region": "Southeast Asia", "roadmap_country": null, "coverage_region": null, "roadmap_status": "additional", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 61, "published_fact_count": 28, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": null, "area_sq_km": 14.0, "capital": "West Island", "government_type": "non-self-governing overseas territory of Australia", "life_expectancy_years": null, "urban_population_percent": null, "internet_users_percent": 13.4, "electricity_access_percent": null, "gdp_per_capita_usd": null, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": null, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "British sea captain William KEELING discovered the Cocos (Keeling) Islands in 1609, and they were named for their coconut trees in 1622. Some maps began referring to them as the Keeling Islands in 1703. In 1825, Scottish trader John CLUNIES-ROSS was trying to get to Christmas Island but was blown off course and landed on Cocos (Keeling) Islands. The next year, a British trader hired CLUNIES-ROSS's brother to bring slaves and a harem of Malay women to create the first permanent settlement on the island. By the 1830s, the Clunies-Ross family had firmly established themselves as the leaders of the islands, and they ruled Cocos (Keeling) Islands in a feudal style until 1978. | The UK annexed the islands in 1857 and administered them from Ceylon after 1878 and from Singapore after 1886. The Cocos (Keeling) Islands hosted a cable relaying station and was attacked by the Germans in World War I. The Japanese similarly attacked the islands in World War II. The UK transferred the islands to Australia in 1955, when they were officially named the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, and in 1978, Australia bought all the land held by the Clunies-Ross family, ending their control of the islands. In a referendum in 1984, most islanders voted to integrate with Australia, and Western Australian laws have applied on the islands since 1992.", "display": "British sea captain William KEELING discovered the Cocos (Keeling) Islands in 1609, and they were named for their coconut trees in 1622. Some maps began referring to them as the K…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1978 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southeastern Asia, group of islands in the Indian Ocean, southwest of Indonesia, about halfway between Australia and Sri Lanka", "display": "Southeastern Asia, group of islands in the Indian Ocean, southwest of Indonesia, about halfway between Australia and Sri Lanka", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southeast Asia", "display": "Southeast Asia", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 14 sq km | land: 14 sq km | water: 0 sq km | note: includes the two main islands of West Island and Home Island", "display": "total : 14 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 14.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "26 km", "display": "26 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "flat, low-lying coral atolls", "display": "flat, low-lying coral atolls", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical with high humidity, moderated by the southeast trade winds for about nine months of the year", "display": "tropical with high humidity, moderated by the southeast trade winds for about nine months of the year", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: South Point on South Island 9 m | lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m", "display": "highest point: South Point on South Island 9 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "cyclone season is October to April", "display": "cyclone season is October to April", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "fish", "display": "fish", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "only Home Island and West Island are populated", "display": "only Home Island and West Island are populated", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 593 (2021 est.) | male: 301 | female: 292", "display": "total: 593 (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Malay (Cocos dialect) 68.8%, English 22.3%, unspecified 8.9%; note - data represent language spoken at home (2016 est.) | major-language sample(s): | Buku Fakta Dunia, sumber yang diperlukan untuk maklumat asas. (Malay) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Malay (Cocos dialect) 68.8%, English 22.3%, unspecified 8.9%; note - data represent language spoken at home (2016 est.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2016 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Muslim (predominantly Sunni) 75%, Anglican 3.5%, Roman Catholic 2.2%, none 12.9%, unspecified 6.3% (2016 est.)", "display": "Muslim (predominantly Sunni) 75%, Anglican 3.5%, Roman Catholic 2.2%, none 12.9%, unspecified 6.3% (2016 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2016 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 40 years (2021 est.)", "display": "total: 40 years (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Territory of Cocos (Keeling) Islands | conventional short form: Cocos (Keeling) Islands | etymology: the name refers to the abundant coconut trees on the islands and to English Captain William KEELING, the first European to sight the islands in 1609", "display": "conventional long form: Territory of Cocos (Keeling) Islands", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: West Island | geographic coordinates: 12 10 S, 96 50 E | time difference: UTC+6.5 (11.5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)", "display": "name: West Island", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "non-self-governing overseas territory of Australia", "display": "non-self-governing overseas territory of Australia", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "common law based on the Australian model", "display": "common law based on the Australian model", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: 23 November 1955 (Cocos (Keeling) Islands Act 1955)", "display": "history: 23 November 1955 (Cocos (Keeling) Islands Act 1955)", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1955 }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "none", "display": "none", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "copra products, tourism", "display": "copra products, tourism", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "vegetables, bananas, pawpaws, coconuts", "display": "vegetables, bananas, pawpaws, coconuts", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "ships (2023) | note: top export commodities based on value in dollars over $500,000", "display": "ships (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "iron structures, special purpose motor vehicles, cars, ships, aluminum structures (2023)", "display": "iron structures, special purpose motor vehicles, cars, ships, aluminum structures (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 13.4% (2021 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 13.4% (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.134, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "1 (2025)", "display": "1 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "limited freshwater resources; illegal fishing", "display": "limited freshwater resources; illegal fishing", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/cocos-keeling-islands.json" }, { "entity_id": "colombia", "name": "Colombia", "source_code": "CO", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "South America", "roadmap_country": "Colombia", "coverage_region": "Americas", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 157, "published_fact_count": 52, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 49842298.0, "area_sq_km": 1138910.0, "capital": "Bogotá", "government_type": "presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 74.9, "urban_population_percent": 82.4, "internet_users_percent": 77.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 18500.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Colombia was one of three countries that emerged after the dissolution of Gran Colombia in 1830 -- the others are Ecuador and Venezuela. A decades-long conflict among government forces, paramilitaries, and antigovernment insurgent groups heavily funded by the drug trade -- principally the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) -- escalated during the 1990s. In the wake of the paramilitary demobilization in the 2000s, new criminal groups arose that included some former paramilitaries. After four years of formal peace negotiations, the Colombian Government signed a final accord with the FARC in 2016 that called for its members to demobilize, disarm, and reincorporate into society and politics. The accord also committed the Colombian Government to create three new institutions to form a 'comprehensive system for truth, justice, reparation, and non-repetition,' including a truth commission, a special unit to coordinate the search for those who disappeared during the conflict, and a 'Special Jurisdiction for Peace' to administer justice for conflict-related crimes. Despite decades of internal conflict and drug-trade-related security challenges, Colombia maintains relatively strong and independent democratic institutions characterized by peaceful, transparent elections and the protection of civil liberties.", "display": "Colombia was one of three countries that emerged after the dissolution of Gran Colombia in 1830 -- the others are Ecuador and Venezuela. A decades-long conflict among government f…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2016 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Northern South America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Panama and Venezuela, and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Ecuador and Panama", "display": "Northern South America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Panama and Venezuela, and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Ecuador and Panama", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "South America", "display": "South America", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 1,138,910 sq km | land: 1,038,700 sq km | water: 100,210 sq km | note: includes Isla de Malpelo, Roncador Cay, and Serrana Bank", "display": "total : 1,138,910 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 1138910.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "3,208 km (Caribbean Sea 1,760 km, North Pacific Ocean 1,448 km)", "display": "3,208 km (Caribbean Sea 1,760 km, North Pacific Ocean 1,448 km)", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "flat coastal lowlands, central highlands, high Andes Mountains, eastern lowland plains (Llanos)", "display": "flat coastal lowlands, central highlands, high Andes Mountains, eastern lowland plains (Llanos)", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical along coast and eastern plains; cooler in highlands", "display": "tropical along coast and eastern plains; cooler in highlands", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Pico Cristobal Colon 5,730 m | lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m | mean elevation: 593 m", "display": "highest point: Pico Cristobal Colon 5,730 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highlands subject to volcanic eruptions; occasional earthquakes; periodic droughts | volcanism: Galeras (4,276 m) is one of Colombia's most active volcanoes; it has been deemed a Decade Volcano by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human populations; Nevado del Ruiz (5,321 m), 129 km (80 mi) west of Bogota, erupted in 1985, producing lahars (mudflows) that killed 23,000 people; the volcano last erupted in 1991; after 500 years of dormancy, Nevado del Huila reawakened in 2007 and has experienced frequent eruptions since then; other historically active volcanoes include Cumbal, Dona Juana, Nevado del Tolima, and Purace", "display": "highlands subject to volcanic eruptions; occasional earthquakes; periodic droughts", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1985 }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "petroleum, natural gas, coal, iron ore, nickel, gold, copper, emeralds, hydropower", "display": "petroleum, natural gas, coal, iron ore, nickel, gold, copper, emeralds, hydropower", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "the majority of people live in the north and west, where agricultural opportunities and natural resources are found; the vast grasslands of the llanos to the south and east, which make up approximately 60% of the country, are sparsely populated", "display": "the majority of people live in the north and west, where agricultural opportunities and natural resources are found; the vast grasslands of the llanos to the south and east, which…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 49,842,298 (2025 est.) | male: 24,320,959 | female: 25,521,339", "display": "total: 49,842,298 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 49842298.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.54% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.54% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0054, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 82.4% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 1.01% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 82.4% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Spanish (official) 98.9%, indigenous 1%, Portuguese 0.1%; 65 indigenous languages exist (2023 est.) | major-language sample(s): | La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Spanish (official) 98.9%, indigenous 1%, Portuguese 0.1%; 65 indigenous languages exist (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Roman Catholic 63.6%, Protestant 17.2% (Evangelical 16.7%, Adventist 0.3%, other Protestant 0.2%), Jehovah's Witness 0.6%, Church of Jesus Christ 0.1%, other 0.3%, believer, 0.2%. agnostic 1%, atheist 1%, none 14.2%, unspecified 1.8% (2023 est.)", "display": "Roman Catholic 63.6%, Protestant 17.2% (Evangelical 16.7%, Adventist 0.3%, other Protestant 0.2%), Jehovah's Witness 0.6%, Church of Jesus Christ 0.1%, other 0.3%, believer, 0.2%.…", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 74.9 years (2024 est.) | male: 71.3 years | female: 78.7 years", "display": "total population: 74.9 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 74.9, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 33.1 years (2025 est.) | male: 31.5 years | female: 34 years", "display": "total: 33.1 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "11.508 million BOGOTA (capital), 4.102 million Medellin, 2.864 million Cali, 2.349 million Barranquilla, 1.381 million Bucaramanga, 1.088 million Cartagena (2023)", "display": "11.508 million BOGOTA (capital), 4.102 million Medellin, 2.864 million Cali, 2.349 million 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"category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Colombia | conventional short form: Colombia | local long form: República de Colombia | local short form: Colombia | etymology: named after explorer Christopher COLUMBUS", "display": "conventional long form: Republic of Colombia", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Bogotá | geographic coordinates: 4 36 N, 74 05 W | time difference: UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: originally named Santa Fe de Bacatá in 1538, after the Chibcha people's nearby settlement of Bacatá; the name was later corrupted to Bogotá", "display": "name: Bogotá", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "presidential republic", "display": "presidential republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law system influenced by the Spanish and French civil codes", "display": "civil law system influenced by the Spanish and French civil codes", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: several previous; latest promulgated 4 July 1991 | amendment process: proposed by the government, by Congress, by a constituent assembly, or by public petition; passage requires a majority vote by Congress in each of two consecutive sessions; passage of amendments to constitutional articles on citizen rights, guarantees, and duties also require 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"infrastructure", "content": "total: 8.91 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 17 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 8.91 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 8910000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 34% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 1.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 62.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass 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terminals: 10 | key ports: Barranquilla, Buenaventura, Cartagena, Covenas, El Bosque, Mamonal, Pozos Colorados, Puerto Bolivar, Puerto Prodeco, Santa Marta", "display": "total ports: 14 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 2,141 km (2019) | standard gauge: 150 km (2019) 1.435-m gauge | narrow gauge: 1,991 km (2019) 0.914-m gauge", "display": "total: 2,141 km (2019)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2019 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 153 (2023) | by type: general cargo 28, oil tanker 13, other 112", "display": "total: 153 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "deforestation from timber exploitation in the Amazon and the Chocó region; soil erosion; soil and water pollution from overuse of pesticides; air pollution, especially in Bogota, from vehicle emissions", "display": "deforestation from timber exploitation in the Amazon and the Chocó region; soil erosion; soil and water pollution from overuse of pesticides; air pollution, especially in Bogota,…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "85.878 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 15.463 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 49.727 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 20.688 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "85.878 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "2.36 trillion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "2.36 trillion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 3.405 billion cubic meters (2022) | industrial: 1.033 billion cubic meters (2022) | agricultural: 20.46 billion cubic meters (2022)", "display": "municipal: 3.405 billion cubic meters (2022)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea", "display": "party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/colombia.json" }, { "entity_id": "comoros", "name": "Comoros", "source_code": "KM", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Africa", "roadmap_country": "Comoros", "coverage_region": "Africa", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 134, "published_fact_count": 50, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 911707.0, "area_sq_km": 2235.0, "capital": "Moroni", "government_type": "federal presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 67.8, "urban_population_percent": 30.1, "internet_users_percent": 36.0, "electricity_access_percent": 89.9, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 3600.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "For centuries prior to colonization in the 19th century, the Comoros archipelago in the Indian Ocean served as a key node in maritime trade networks that connected the Middle East, India, and eastern African regions. Composed of the islands of Anjouan, Mayotte, Moheli, and Grande Comore, Comoros spent most of the 20th century as a colonial outpost until it declared independence from France on 6 July 1975. Residents of Mayotte, however, voted to remain in France, and the French Government has since classified it as a French Overseas Department. | Since independence, Comoros has weathered approximately 20 successful and attempted coups, mostly between 1975 and 2000, resulting in prolonged political instability and stunted economic development. In 2002, President AZALI Assoumani became the first elected president following the completion of the Fomboni Accords, in which the islands of Grande Comore, Anjouan, and Moheli agreed to rotate the presidency among the islands every five years. This power-sharing agreement also included provisions allowing each island to maintain its local government. In 2007, Mohamed BACAR effected Anjouan's de-facto secession from the Union of the Comoros, refusing to step down when Comoros' other islands held legitimate elections. The African Union (AU) initially attempted to resolve the political crisis with sanctions and a naval blockade of Anjouan, but in 2008, the AU and Comoran soldiers seized the island. The island's inhabitants generally welcomed the move. In 2011, Ikililou DHOININE won the presidency in peaceful elections widely deemed to be free and fair. In closely contested elections in 2016, AZALI won a second term, when the rotating presidency returned to Grande Comore. In 2018, a referendum -- which the opposition parties boycotted -- approved a new constitution that extended presidential term limits and abolished the requirement for the presidency to rotate between the three main islands. AZALI formed a new government later that year, and he subsequently ran and was reelected in 2019. AZALI was reelected again in January 2024 in an election that the opposition disputed but the Supreme Court validated.", "display": "For centuries prior to colonization in the 19th century, the Comoros archipelago in the Indian Ocean served as a key node in maritime trade networks that connected the Middle East…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1975 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southern Africa, group of islands at the northern mouth of the Mozambique Channel, about two-thirds of the way between northern Madagascar and northern Mozambique", "display": "Southern Africa, group of islands at the northern mouth of the Mozambique Channel, about two-thirds of the way between northern Madagascar and northern Mozambique", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Africa", "display": "Africa", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 2,235 sq km | land: 2,235 sq km | water: 0 sq km", "display": "total : 2,235 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 2235.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "340 km", "display": "340 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "volcanic islands, interiors vary from steep mountains to low hills", "display": "volcanic islands, interiors vary from steep mountains to low hills", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical marine; rainy season (November to May)", "display": "tropical marine; rainy season (November to May)", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Karthala 2,360 m | lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m", "display": "highest point: Karthala 2,360 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "cyclones possible during rainy season (December to April); volcanic activity on Grand Comore | volcanism: Karthala (2,361 m) on Grand Comore Island last erupted in 2007; a 2005 eruption forced thousands of people to be evacuated and produced a large ash cloud", "display": "cyclones possible during rainy season (December to April); volcanic activity on Grand Comore", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2007 }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "fish", "display": "fish", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "the capital city of Maroni, on the western side of the island of Grande Comore, is the country's largest city; however, Anjouan is the most densely populated of the three islands that comprise Comoros, as shown in this population distribution map", "display": "the capital city of Maroni, on the western side of the island of Grande Comore, is the country's largest city; however, Anjouan is the most densely populated of the three islands…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 911,707 (2025 est.) | male: 441,215 | female: 470,492", "display": "total: 911,707 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 911707.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.26% (2025 est.)", "display": "1.26% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0126, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 30.1% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 2.97% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 30.1% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Arabic (official), French (official), Shikomoro (official; similar to Swahili), Comorian", "display": "Arabic (official), French (official), Shikomoro (official; similar to Swahili), Comorian", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Muslim 98.1% (overwhelmingly Sunni Muslim, small Shia Muslim and Ahmadiyya Muslim populations), ethnic religionist 1.1%, Christian 0.6%, other 0.3% (2020 est.) | note: Sunni Islam is the state religion", "display": "Muslim 98.1% (overwhelmingly Sunni Muslim, small Shia Muslim and Ahmadiyya Muslim populations), ethnic religionist 1.1%, Christian 0.6%, other 0.3% (2020 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 67.8 years (2024 est.) | male: 65.5 years | female: 70.2 years", "display": "total population: 67.8 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 67.8, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 23.1 years (2025 est.) | male: 22.1 years | female: 23.3 years", "display": "total: 23.1 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "62,000 MORONI (capital) (2018)", "display": "62,000 MORONI (capital) (2018)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 75.8% (2021 est.) | male: 79.9% (2021 est.) | female: 72.2% (2021 est.)", "display": "total population: 75.8% (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Union of the Comoros | conventional short form: Comoros | local long form: Udzima wa Komori (Comorian)/Union des Comores (French)/Al Ittihad al Qumuri (Arabic) | local short form: Komori (Comorian)/Les Comores (French)/Juzur al Qamar (Arabic) | former: Comorian State, Federal Islamic Republic of the Comoros | etymology: name derives from the Arabic al qamar , meaning \"the moon\"", "display": "conventional long form: Union of the Comoros", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Moroni | geographic coordinates: 11 42 S, 43 14 E | time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: the name means \"at the place of fire,\" referring to the capital's location below the active volcano Mt. Karthala", "display": "name: Moroni", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "federal presidential republic", "display": "federal presidential republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "mixed legal system of Islamic religious law, the French civil code of 1975, and customary law", "display": "mixed legal system of Islamic religious law, the French civil code of 1975, and customary law", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1975 }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: previous 1996, 2001; newest adopted 30 July 2018 | amendment process: proposed by the president of the union or supported by at least one third of the Assembly of the Union membership; adoption requires approval by at least three-quarters majority of the total Assembly membership or approval in a referendum", "display": "history: previous 1996, 2001; newest adopted 30 July 2018", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1996 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "3 islands; Anjouan (Ndzuwani), Grande Comore (N'gazidja), Moheli (Mwali)", "display": "3 islands; Anjouan (Ndzuwani), Grande Comore (N'gazidja), Moheli (Mwali)", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACP, AfDB, AMF, 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declining remittances; new structural and fiscal reforms; adverse cyclone and COVID-19 impacts; manageable debts; fragile liquidity environment;…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$3.092 billion (2024 est.) | $2.99 billion (2023 est.) | $2.901 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$3.092 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 3.092, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$3,600 (2024 est.) | $3,500 (2023 est.) | $3,500 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$3,600 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 3600.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP 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dollars", "display": "cloves, ships, essential oils, vanilla, scrap iron (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, poultry, rice, flavored water, additive manufacturing machines (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, poultry, rice, flavored water, additive manufacturing machines (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 36% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 36% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.36, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 3,000 (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2023 est.) less than 1", "display": "total: 3,000 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 3000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 89.9% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 100% | electrification - rural areas: 82.9%", "display": "electrification - total population: 89.9% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 100% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 100% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "7.139 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "7.139 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "3 (2025)", "display": "3 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 4 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 0 | very small: 4 | ports with oil terminals: 3 | key ports: Dzaoudzi, Fomboni, Moroni, Moutsamoudu", "display": "total ports: 4 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 273 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 17, container ship 7, general cargo 125, oil tanker 36, other 88", "display": "total: 273 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "deforestation; soil degradation and erosion from forest loss and crop cultivation on slopes without proper terracing; silting of coral reefs", "display": "deforestation; soil degradation and erosion from forest loss and crop cultivation on slopes without proper terracing; silting of coral reefs", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "436,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 436,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "436,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "1.2 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "1.2 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 4.8 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 500,000 cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 4.7 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 4.8 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardo…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/comoros.json" }, { "entity_id": "congo-democratic-republic-of-the", "name": "Congo, Democratic Republic of the", "source_code": "CD", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Africa", "roadmap_country": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "coverage_region": "Africa", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 151, "published_fact_count": 51, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 119038825.0, "area_sq_km": 2344858.0, "capital": "Kinshasa", "government_type": "semi-presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 62.6, "urban_population_percent": 47.4, "internet_users_percent": 31.0, "electricity_access_percent": 21.5, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 1500.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Bantu, Sudanic, and other migrants from West and Northeastern Africa arrived in the Congo River Basin between 2000 B.C. and A.D. 500. The territory that is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo has more than 200 ethnic groups that trace their histories to many communal organizations and kingdoms. The Kingdom of Kongo, for example, ruled the area around the mouth of the Congo River from the 14th to 19th centuries. Meanwhile, the Kingdoms of Luba and Lunda, located to the south and east, were also notable political groupings in the territory and ruled from the 16th and 17th centuries to the 19th century. European prospectors in the Congo Basin invaded and splintered these kingdoms in the late 1800’s, sponsored by King LEOPOLD II of Belgium, and the kingdoms were eventually forced to grant Leopold the rights to the Congo territory as his private property. During this period, known as the Congo Free State, the king's private colonial military forced the local population to produce rubber. From 1885 to 1908, millions of Congolese people died as a result of disease and inhumane treatment. International condemnation finally forced LEOPOLD to cede the land to the state of Belgium, creating the Belgian Congo. | The Republic of the Congo gained its independence from Belgium in 1960, but its early years were marred by instability. Col. Joseph MOBUTU seized power and declared himself president in a 1965 coup. He subsequently changed his name to MOBUTU Sese Seko and the country's name to Zaire. MOBUTU retained his position for 32 years, using sham elections and brute force. In 1994, a massive inflow of refugees from conflict in neighboring Rwanda and Burundi sparked ethnic strife and civil war. A rebellion backed by Rwanda and Uganda and fronted by Laurent KABILA toppled the MOBUTU regime in 1997. KABILA renamed the country the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). In 1998, another insurrection -- again backed by Rwanda and Uganda -- challenged the KABILA regime, but troops from Angola, Chad, Namibia, Sudan, and Zimbabwe helped quell the uprising. | In 2001, KABILA was assassinated, and his son, Joseph KABILA, was named head of state. In 2002, the new president negotiated the withdrawal of Rwandan forces occupying the eastern DRC; the remaining warring parties subsequently signed the Pretoria Accord to end the fighting and establish a government of national unity. KABILA was elected as president in 2006 and 2011. The DRC constitution barred him from running for a third term, so in 2016, the DRC Government delayed national elections for two years. This fueled significant civil and political unrest, with sporadic street protests and exacerbation of tensions in the eastern DRC regions. | The results of the 2018 elections were disputed, but opposition candidate Felix TSHISEKEDI, son of long-time opposition leader Etienne TSHISEKEDI, was announced as the election winner. This was the first transfer of power to an opposition candidate without significant violence or a coup since 1960. In 2023, the DRC held its fourth electoral cycle since independence; TSHISEKEDI was proclaimed the winner despite some allegations of fraud, with his Sacred Union alliance retaining a large parliamentary majority. | The DRC continues to experience violence -- particularly in the East -- perpetrated by more than 100 armed groups active in the region, including the March 23 (M23) rebel group, the ISIS-affiliated Allied Democratic Forces (ADF, or ISIS-DRC), the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR), and assorted local militias known as Mai Mai militias. The UN Organization Stabilization Mission in the DRC (MONUSCO) has operated in the region since 1999 and is the largest and most expensive UN peacekeeping mission in the world.", "display": "Bantu, Sudanic, and other migrants from West and Northeastern Africa arrived in the Congo River Basin between 2000 B.C. and A.D. 500. The territory that is now the Democratic Repu…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2000 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Central Africa, northeast of Angola", "display": "Central Africa, northeast of Angola", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Africa", "display": "Africa", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 2,344,858 sq km | land: 2,267,048 sq km | water: 77,810 sq km", "display": "total : 2,344,858 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 2344858.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "37 km", "display": "37 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "vast central basin is a low-lying plateau; mountains in east", "display": "vast central basin is a low-lying plateau; mountains in east", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical; hot and humid in equatorial river basin; cooler and drier in southern highlands; cooler and wetter in eastern highlands; north of Equator - wet season (April to October), dry season (December to February); south of Equator - wet season (November to March), dry season (April to October)", "display": "tropical; hot and humid in equatorial river basin; cooler and drier in southern highlands; cooler and wetter in eastern highlands; north of Equator - wet season (April to October)…", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Pic Marguerite on Mont Ngaliema (Mount Stanley) 5,110 m | lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m | mean elevation: 726 m", "display": "highest point: Pic Marguerite on Mont Ngaliema (Mount Stanley) 5,110 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "periodic droughts in south; Congo River floods (seasonal); active volcanoes in the east along the Great Rift Valley | volcanism: the active volcano Nyiragongo (3,470 m) poses a major threat to the city of Goma, home to a quarter of a million people; it produces unusually fast-moving lava, known to travel up to 100 km/hr; Nyiragongo has been deemed a Decade Volcano by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human populations; its neighbor Nyamuragira is Africa's most active volcano; Visoke is the only other historically active volcano", "display": "periodic droughts in south; Congo River floods (seasonal); active volcanoes in the east along the Great Rift Valley", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "cobalt, copper, niobium, tantalum, petroleum, industrial and gem diamonds, gold, silver, zinc, manganese, tin, uranium, coal, hydropower, timber | note 1: coltan, the industrial name for a columbite–tantalite mineral from which niobium and tantalum are extracted, is mainly artisanal and small-scale; tantalum, tin, tungsten, and gold extracted from central Africa are considered \"conflict minerals\" and as such are subject to international monitoring | note 2: the DROC is the World's leading producer of cobalt, accounting for as much as 70% of the World's supply; between 20-30% of this cobalt is produced in artisanal and small-scale mining operations", "display": "cobalt, copper, niobium, tantalum, petroleum, industrial and gem diamonds, gold, silver, zinc, manganese, tin, uranium, coal, hydropower, timber", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "urban clusters are spread throughout the country, particularly in the northeast along the border with Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi; the largest city is the capital, Kinshasha, located in the west along the Congo River; the south is least densely populated, as shown in this population distribution map", "display": "urban clusters are spread throughout the country, particularly in the northeast along the border with Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi; the largest city is the capital, Kinshasha, loca…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 119,038,825 (2025 est.) | male: 59,509,076 | female: 59,529,749", "display": "total: 119,038,825 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 119038825.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "3.09% (2025 est.)", "display": "3.09% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.030899999999999997, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 47.4% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 4.33% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 47.4% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "French (official), Lingala (a trade language), Kingwana (a dialect of Kiswahili or Swahili), Kikongo, Tshiluba | major-language sample(s): | Buku oyo ya bosembo ya Mokili Mobimba Ezali na Makanisi ya Liboso Mpenza. (Lingala) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "French (official), Lingala (a trade language), Kingwana (a dialect of Kiswahili or Swahili), Kikongo, Tshiluba", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Christian 93/1% (Roman Catholic 29.9%, Protestant 26.7%, other Christian 36.5%), Kimbanguist 2.8%, Muslim 1.3%, other (includes syncretic sects and indigenous beliefs) 1.2%, none 1.3%, unspecified 0.2% (2014 est.)", "display": "Christian 93/1% (Roman Catholic 29.9%, Protestant 26.7%, other Christian 36.5%), Kimbanguist 2.8%, Muslim 1.3%, other (includes syncretic sects and indigenous beliefs) 1.2%, none…", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2014 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 62.6 years (2024 est.) | male: 60.7 years | female: 64.6 years", "display": "total population: 62.6 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 62.6, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 16.9 years (2025 est.) | male: 16.7 years | female: 17 years", "display": "total: 16.9 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "16.316 million KINSHASA (capital), 2.892 million Mbuji-Mayi, 2.812 million Lubumbashi, 1.664 million Kananga, 1.423 million Kisangani, 1.249 million Bukavu (2023)", "display": "16.316 million KINSHASA (capital), 2.892 million Mbuji-Mayi, 2.812 million Lubumbashi, 1.664 million Kananga, 1.423 million Kisangani, 1.249 million Bukavu (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 73.6% (2018 est.) | male: 87.5% (2018 est.) | female: 61.6% (2018 est.)", "display": "total population: 73.6% (2018 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Democratic Republic of the Congo | conventional short form: DRC | local long form: République démocratique du Congo | local short form: RDC | former: Congo Free State, Belgian Congo, Congo/Leopoldville, Congo/Kinshasa, Zaire | abbreviation: DRC (or DROC) | etymology: named for the Congo River, most of which lies within the DRC; the river name derives from Kongo, a Bantu kingdom in the area", "display": "conventional long form: Democratic Republic of the Congo", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Kinshasa | geographic coordinates: 4 19 S, 15 18 E | time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | time zone note: the DRC has two time zones | etymology: founded as a trading post in 1881 and named Leopoldville in honor of King LEOPOLD II of the Belgians; in 1966, Leopoldville was renamed Kinshasa, a Bantu name of unknown meaning", "display": "name: Kinshasa", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1966 }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "semi-presidential republic", "display": "semi-presidential republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, 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key ports: Banana, Boma, Matadi", "display": "total ports: 3 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 4,007 km (2014) | narrow gauge: 3,882 km (2014) 1.067-m gauge (858 km electrified) | 125 1.000-mm gauge", "display": "total: 4,007 km (2014)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2014 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 24 (2023) | by type: general cargo 5, oil tanker 2, other 17", "display": "total: 24 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "poaching; water pollution; deforestation from agriculture 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(2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 464.9 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 146.8 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 71.9 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 464.9 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone 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6097665.0, "area_sq_km": 342000.0, "capital": "Brazzaville", "government_type": "presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 72.9, "urban_population_percent": 69.2, "internet_users_percent": 38.0, "electricity_access_percent": 50.6, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 6200.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Upon independence in 1960, the former French region of Middle Congo became the Republic of the Congo. From 1968 to 1992, the country was named the People’s Republic of the Congo. A quarter-century of experimentation with Marxism was abandoned in 1990, and a democratically elected government took office in 1992, at which time the country reverted to \"the Republic of the Congo\" name. A two-year civil war that ended in 1999 restored to power former President Denis SASSOU-Nguesso, who had ruled from 1979 to 1992. A new constitution adopted three years later provided for a multi-party system and a seven-year presidential term, and the next elections retained SASSOU-Nguesso. After a year of renewed fighting, SASSOU-Nguesso and southern-based rebel groups agreed to a final peace accord in 2003. SASSOU-Nguesso was reelected in 2009 and, after passing a constitutional referendum allowing him to run for additional terms, was reelected again in 2016 and 2021. 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(Lingala) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "French (official), French Lingala and Monokutuba (trade languages), many local languages and dialects (of which Kikongo is the most widespread)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Roman Catholic 33.1%, Awakening Churches/Christian Revival 22.3%, Protestant 19.9%, Salutiste 2.2%, Muslim 1.6%, Kimbanguist 1.5%, other 8.1%, none 11.3% (2007 est.)", "display": "Roman Catholic 33.1%, Awakening Churches/Christian Revival 22.3%, Protestant 19.9%, Salutiste 2.2%, Muslim 1.6%, Kimbanguist 1.5%, other 8.1%, none 11.3% (2007 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2007 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 72.9 years (2024 est.) | male: 71.5 years | female: 74.3 years", "display": "total population: 72.9 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 72.9, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 20.9 years (2025 est.) | male: 20.5 years | female: 20.9 years", "display": "total: 20.9 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "2.638 million BRAZZAVILLE (capital), 1.336 million Pointe-Noire (2023)", "display": "2.638 million BRAZZAVILLE (capital), 1.336 million Pointe-Noire (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", 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(2024 est.) | 4.3% (2023 est.) | 3% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "3.1% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.031, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "19.7% (2024 est.) | 19.9% (2023 est.) | 20.2% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "19.7% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.19699999999999998, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "petroleum extraction, cement, lumber, brewing, sugar, palm oil, soap, flour, cigarettes", "display": "petroleum extraction, cement, lumber, brewing, sugar, palm oil, soap, flour, cigarettes", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": 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"imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "ships, poultry, garments, iron pipes, refined petroleum (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "ships, poultry, garments, iron pipes, refined petroleum (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 38% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 38% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.38, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 78,000 (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 78,000 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 78000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 50.6% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 67.5% | electrification - rural areas: 12.4%", "display": "electrification - total population: 50.6% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 79.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 20.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 79.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "7.351 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "7.351 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "56 (2025)", "display": "56 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 5 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 1 | very small: 4 | ports with oil terminals: 4 | key ports: Djeno Terminal, Dussafu Terminal, N'kossa Terminal, Pointe Noire, Yombo Terminal", "display": "total ports: 5 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 510 km (2014) | narrow gauge: 510 km (2014) 1.067-m gauge", "display": "total: 510 km (2014)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2014 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 11 (2023) | by type: oil tanker 1, other 10", "display": "total: 11 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "air pollution from vehicle emissions; water pollution from raw sewage; tap water not potable; deforestation; wildlife protection", "display": "air pollution from vehicle emissions; water pollution from raw sewage; tap water not potable; deforestation; wildlife protection", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "2.66 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 1.826 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 834,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "2.66 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "832 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "832 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 63.7 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 24 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 4 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 63.7 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marin…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/congo-republic-of-the.json" }, { "entity_id": "cook-islands", "name": "Cook Islands", "source_code": "CK", "source_entity_class": "dependency-or-territory", "source_region": "Oceania", "roadmap_country": null, "coverage_region": null, "roadmap_status": "additional", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 108, "published_fact_count": 43, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 7592.0, "area_sq_km": 236.0, "capital": "Avarua", "government_type": "parliamentary democracy", "life_expectancy_years": 77.6, "urban_population_percent": 76.2, "internet_users_percent": 64.8, "electricity_access_percent": null, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 29800.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Polynesians from Tahiti were probably the first people to settle Rarotonga -- the largest of the Cook Islands -- around A.D. 900. Over time, Samoans and Tongans also settled in Rarotonga, and Rarotongans voyaged to the northern Cook Islands, settling Manihiki and Rakahanga. Pukapuka and Penrhyn in the northern Cook Islands were settled directly from Samoa. Prior to European contact, there was considerable travel and trade between inhabitants of the different islands and atolls, but they were not united in a single political entity. Spanish navigators were the first Europeans to spot the northern Cook Islands in 1595, followed by the first landing in 1606, but no further European contact occurred until the 1760s. In 1773, British explorer James COOK spotted Manuae in the southern Cook Islands, and Russian mapmakers named the islands after COOK in the 1820s. | Fearing France would militarily occupy the islands as it did in Tahiti, Rarotongans asked the UK for protectorate status in the 1840s and 1860s, a request the UK ignored. In 1888, Queen MAKEA TAKAU of Rarotonga formally petitioned for protectorate status, to which the UK reluctantly agreed. In 1901, the UK placed Rarotonga and the rest of the islands in the New Zealand Colony, and in 1915, the Cook Islands Act organized the islands into one political entity. It remained a protectorate until 1965, when New Zealand granted the Cook Islands self-governing status. The Cook Islands has a great deal of local autonomy and is an independent member of international organizations, but it is in free association with New Zealand, which is responsible for its defense and foreign affairs. In September 2023, the US recognized the Cook Islands as a sovereign and independent state.", "display": "Polynesians from Tahiti were probably the first people to settle Rarotonga -- the largest of the Cook Islands -- around A.D. 900. Over time, Samoans and Tongans also settled in Ra…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1901 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about halfway between Hawaii and New Zealand", "display": "Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about halfway between Hawaii and New Zealand", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Oceania", "display": "Oceania", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 236 sq km | land: 236 sq km | water: 0 sq km", "display": "total : 236 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 236.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "120 km", "display": "120 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "low coral atolls in north; volcanic, hilly islands in south", "display": "low coral atolls in north; volcanic, hilly islands in south", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical oceanic; moderated by trade winds; a dry season from April to November and a more humid season from December to March", "display": "tropical oceanic; moderated by trade winds; a dry season from April to November and a more humid season from December to March", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Te Manga 652 m | lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m", "display": "highest point: Te Manga 652 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical cyclones (November to March)", "display": "tropical cyclones (November to March)", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "coconuts (copra)", "display": "coconuts (copra)", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "most of the population is found on the island of Rarotonga", "display": "most of the population is found on the island of Rarotonga", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 7,592 (2025 est.) | male: 3,890 | female: 3,702", "display": "total: 7,592 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 7592.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "-2.15% (2025 est.)", "display": "-2.15% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": -0.0215, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 76.2% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.52% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 76.2% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "English (official) 86.4%, Cook Islands Maori (Rarotongan) (official) 76.2%, other 8.3% (2011 est.) | note: shares sum to more than 100% because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census", "display": "English (official) 86.4%, Cook Islands Maori (Rarotongan) (official) 76.2%, other 8.3% (2011 est.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2011 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Protestant 55% (Cook Islands Christian Church 43.1%, Seventh Day Adventist 8.3%, Assemblies of God 3.6%), Roman Catholic 16.7%, Church of Jesus Christ 3.9%, Jehovah's Witness 2.2%, Apostolic Church 2.1%, other 4.5%, none/unspecified 15.6% (2021 est.)", "display": "Protestant 55% (Cook Islands Christian Church 43.1%, Seventh Day Adventist 8.3%, Assemblies of God 3.6%), Roman Catholic 16.7%, Church of Jesus Christ 3.9%, Jehovah's Witness 2.2%…", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 77.6 years (2024 est.) | male: 74.8 years | female: 80.6 years", "display": "total population: 77.6 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 77.6, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 41.5 years (2025 est.) | male: 40.7 years | female: 41.4 years", "display": "total: 41.5 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 15 years (2023 est.) | male: 15 years (2023 est.) | female: 15 years (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 15 years (2023 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: none | conventional short form: Cook Islands | former: Hervey Islands | etymology: named after Captain James COOK, the British explorer who visited the islands in 1773 and 1777", "display": "conventional long form: none", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Avarua | geographic coordinates: 21 12 S, 159 46 W | time difference: UTC-10 (5 hours behind Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: translates as \"two harbors\" in Maori", "display": "name: Avarua", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary democracy", "display": "parliamentary democracy", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "common law similar to New Zealand common law", "display": "common law similar to New Zealand common law", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: 4 August 1965 (Cook Islands Constitution Act 1964) | amendment process: proposed by Parliament; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Parliament membership in each of several readings and assent of the chief of state’s representative; passage of amendments relating to the chief of state also requires two-thirds majority approval in a referendum", "display": "history: 4 August 1965 (Cook Islands Constitution Act 1964)", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1965 }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACP, ADB, AOSIS, FAO, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IFAD, IFRCS, IMO, IMSO, IOC, ITUC (NGOs), OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO", "display": "ACP, ADB, AOSIS, FAO, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IFAD, IFRCS, IMO, IMSO, IOC, ITUC (NGOs), OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "high-income self-governing New Zealand territorial economy; tourism-based activity but diversifying; severely curtailed by COVID-19 pandemic; copra and tropical fruit exporter; Asian Development Bank aid recipient", "display": "high-income self-governing New Zealand territorial economy; tourism-based activity but diversifying; severely curtailed by COVID-19 pandemic; copra and tropical fruit exporter; As…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$401.155 million (2024 est.) | $364.686 million (2023 est.) | $306.285 million (2022 est.) | note: data are in 2015 dollars", "display": "$401.155 million (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 0.401155, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$29,800 (2024 est.) | $25,700 (2023 est.) | $19,700 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2015 dollars", "display": "$29,800 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 29800.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "10.5% (2022 est.) | -24.5% (2021 est.) | -5.2% (2020 est.)", "display": "10.5% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "10.6% (2022 est.) | 1.9% (2021 est.) | 1% (2020 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "10.6% (2022 est.)", "source_field": 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The 1870s and 1880s saw attempts at guano mining, but these were soon abandoned. The islands became an Australian territory in 1969, and the boundaries were extended in 1997. A small meteorological staff has operated on the Willis Islets since 1921, and several other islands host unmanned weather stations, beacons, and lighthouses. Much of the territory lies within national marine nature reserves.", "display": "The widely scattered Coral Sea Islands were first charted in 1803, but they were too small to host permanent human habitation. 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It was not until 1563 that a permanent settlement of Cartago was established in the cooler, fertile central highlands. The area remained a colony for some two-and-a-half centuries. In 1821, Costa Rica was one of several Central American provinces that jointly declared independence from Spain. Two years later it joined the United Provinces of Central America, but this federation disintegrated in 1838, at which time Costa Rica proclaimed its sovereignty and independence. | Since the late 19th century, only two brief periods of violence have marred the country's democratic development. General Federico TINOCO Granados led a coup in 1917, but the threat of US intervention pushed him to resign in 1919. In 1948, landowner Jose FIGUERES Ferrer raised his own army and rebelled against the government. The brief civil war ended with an agreement to allow FIGUERES to remain in power for 18 months, then step down in favor of the previously elected Otilio ULATE. 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materials, fertilizer, plastic products", "display": "medical equipment, food processing, textiles and clothing, construction materials, fertilizer, plastic products", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "sugarcane, pineapples, bananas, oil palm fruit, milk, fruits, oranges, chicken, cassava, beef (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "sugarcane, pineapples, bananas, oil palm fruit, milk, fruits, oranges, chicken, cassava, beef (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "medical instruments, integrated circuits, orthopedic appliances, bananas, tropical fruits (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "medical instruments, integrated circuits, orthopedic appliances, bananas, tropical fruits (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, plastic products, cars, medical instruments, broadcasting equipment (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, plastic products, cars, medical instruments, broadcasting equipment (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 85% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 85% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.85, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 1.15 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 23 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 1.15 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 1150000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 0.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 12.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 72.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | geothermal: 13.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 0.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "30.725 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "30.725 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "132 (2025)", "display": "132 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 6 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 1 | very small: 5 | ports with oil terminals: 4 | key ports: Golfito, Puerto Caldera, Puerto Limon, Puerto Moin, Puerto Quepos, Puntarenas", "display": "total ports: 6 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 278 km (2014) | narrow gauge: 278 km (2014) 1.067-m gauge | note: the entire rail network fell into disrepair and out of use at the end of the 20th century; since 2005, certain sections of rail have been rehabilitated", "display": "total: 278 km (2014)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2014 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 11 (2023) | by type: other 11", "display": "total: 11 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "deforestation, largely from clearing land for cattle ranching and agriculture; soil erosion; coastal marine pollution; fisheries protection; solid waste management; air pollution", "display": "deforestation, largely from clearing land for cattle ranching and agriculture; soil erosion; coastal marine pollution; fisheries protection; solid waste management; air pollution", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "7.91 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 58,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 7.852 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "7.91 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "113 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "113 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 1.109 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 245.34 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 2.093 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 1.109 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environ…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/costa-rica.json" }, { "entity_id": "cote-d-ivoire", "name": "Cote d'Ivoire", "source_code": "CI", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Africa", "roadmap_country": "Côte d’Ivoire", "coverage_region": "Africa", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 152, "published_fact_count": 52, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 31855971.0, "area_sq_km": 322463.0, "capital": "Yamoussoukro (legislative capital), Abidjan (administrative and economic capital); note - the US Embassy is in Abidjan", "government_type": "presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 63.2, "urban_population_percent": 53.1, "internet_users_percent": 41.0, "electricity_access_percent": 70.4, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 6700.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Various small kingdoms ruled the area of Cote d'Ivoire between the 15th and 19th centuries, when European explorers arrived and then began to expand their presence. In 1844, France established a protectorate. During this period, many of these kingdoms and tribes fought to maintain their cultural identities -- some well into the 20th century. For example, the Sanwi kingdom -- originally founded in the 17th century -- tried to break away from Cote d’Ivoire and establish an independent state in 1969. | Cote d’Ivoire achieved independence from France in 1960 but has maintained close ties. Foreign investment and the export and production of cocoa drove economic growth that led Cote d’Ivoire to become one of the most prosperous states in West Africa. Then in 1999, a military coup overthrew the government, and a year later, junta leader Robert GUEI held rigged elections and declared himself the winner. Popular protests forced him to step aside, and Laurent GBAGBO was elected. Ivoirian dissidents and members of the military launched a failed coup in 2002 that developed into a civil war. In 2003, a cease-fire resulted in rebels holding the north, the government holding the south, and peacekeeping forces occupying a buffer zone in the middle. In 2007, President GBAGBO and former rebel leader Guillaume SORO signed an agreement in which SORO joined GBAGBO's government as prime minister. The two agreed to reunite the country by dismantling the buffer zone, integrating rebel forces into the national armed forces, and holding elections. | In 2010, Alassane Dramane OUATTARA won the presidential election, but GBAGBO refused to hand over power, resulting in five months of violent conflict. Armed OUATTARA supporters and UN and French troops eventually forced GBAGBO to step down in 2011. OUATTARA won a second term in 2015 and a controversial third term in 2020 -- despite the two-term limit in the Ivoirian constitution -- in an election boycotted by the opposition. Through political compromise with OUATTARA, the opposition participated peacefully in 2021 legislative elections and won a substantial minority of seats. Also in 2021, the International Criminal Court in The Hague ruled on a final acquittal for GBAGBO, who was on trial for crimes against humanity, paving the way for GBAGBO’s return to Abidjan the same year. GBAGBO has publicly met with OUATTARA since his return as a demonstration of political reconciliation.", "display": "Various small kingdoms ruled the area of Cote d'Ivoire between the 15th and 19th centuries, when European explorers arrived and then began to expand their presence. In 1844, Franc…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1969 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Ghana and Liberia", "display": "Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Ghana and Liberia", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Africa", "display": "Africa", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 322,463 sq km | land: 318,003 sq km | water: 4,460 sq km", "display": "total : 322,463 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 322463.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "515 km", "display": "515 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly flat to undulating plains; mountains in northwest", "display": "mostly flat to undulating plains; mountains in northwest", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical along coast, semiarid in far north; three seasons - warm and dry (November to March), hot and dry (March to May), hot and wet (June to October)", "display": "tropical along coast, semiarid in far north; three seasons - warm and dry (November to March), hot and dry (March to May), hot and wet (June to October)", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Monts Nimba 1,752 m | lowest point: Gulf of Guinea 0 m | mean elevation: 250 m", "display": "highest point: Monts Nimba 1,752 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "coast has heavy surf and no natural harbors; during the rainy season torrential flooding is possible", "display": "coast has heavy surf and no natural harbors; during the rainy season torrential flooding is possible", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "petroleum, natural gas, diamonds, manganese, iron ore, cobalt, bauxite, copper, gold, nickel, tantalum, silica sand, clay, cocoa beans, coffee, palm oil, hydropower", "display": "petroleum, natural gas, diamonds, manganese, iron ore, cobalt, bauxite, copper, gold, nickel, tantalum, silica sand, clay, cocoa beans, coffee, palm oil, hydropower", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "the population is primarily located in the forested south, with the highest concentration of people residing in and around the cities on the Atlantic coast; most of the northern savanna remains sparsely populated, with higher concentrations located along transportation corridors, as shown in this population distribution map", "display": "the population is primarily located in the forested south, with the highest concentration of people residing in and around the cities on the Atlantic coast; most of the northern s…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 31,855,971 (2025 est.) | male: 15,992,906 | female: 15,863,065", "display": "total: 31,855,971 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 31855971.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "2.33% (2025 est.)", "display": "2.33% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0233, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 53.1% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 3.38% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 53.1% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "French (official), 60 native dialects of which Dioula is the most widely spoken | major-language sample(s): | The World Factbook, une source indispensable d'informations de base. (French) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "French (official), 60 native dialects of which Dioula is the most widely spoken", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Muslim 42.9%, Catholic 17.2%, Evangelical 11.8%, Methodist 1.7%, other Christian 3.2%, animist 3.6%, other religion 0.5%, none 19.1% (2014 est.) | note: the majority of foreign migrant workers are Muslim (72.7%) and Christian (17.7%)", "display": "Muslim 42.9%, Catholic 17.2%, Evangelical 11.8%, Methodist 1.7%, other Christian 3.2%, animist 3.6%, other religion 0.5%, none 19.1% (2014 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2014 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 63.2 years (2024 est.) | male: 60.9 years | female: 65.4 years", "display": "total population: 63.2 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 63.2, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 20 years (2025 est.) | male: 21.2 years | female: 21.2 years", "display": "total: 20 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "231,000 YAMOUSSOUKRO (capital) (2018), 5.686 million ABIDJAN (seat of government) (2023)", "display": "231,000 YAMOUSSOUKRO (capital) (2018), 5.686 million ABIDJAN (seat of government) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 50% (2021 est.) | male: 60.2% (2021 est.) | female: 40.3% (2021 est.)", "display": "total population: 50% (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 11 years (2023 est.) | male: 11 years (2023 est.) | female: 11 years (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 11 years (2023 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Côte d'Ivoire | conventional short form: Côte d'Ivoire | local long form: République de Côte d'Ivoire | local short form: Cote d'Ivoire | former: Ivory Coast | etymology: name, which means \"Ivory Coast\" in French, reflects the ivory trade in the region from the 15th to 17th centuries; the French version of the name has been used internationally since 1986, at the country's request | note: pronounced coat-div-whar", "display": "conventional long form: Republic of Côte d'Ivoire", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1986 }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Yamoussoukro (legislative capital), Abidjan (administrative and economic capital); note - the US Embassy is in Abidjan | geographic coordinates: 6 49 N, 5 16 W | time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: formerly a village named N'Gokro, Yamoussoukro is named after Queen YAMOUSSOU, who ruled during the early 20th century; Abidjan's name may have come from a misunderstanding when a French explorer asked a group of women the name of the village -- thinking it was a question about what they were doing, they replied \"t'chan m’bi djan,\" which in the Ebrie language means \"I return from cutting leaves,\" so the explorer recorded the name of the locale as Abidjan", "display": "name: Yamoussoukro (legislative capital), Abidjan (administrative and economic capital); note - the US Embassy is in Abidjan", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "presidential republic", "display": "presidential republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law system based on the French civil code; Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court reviews legislation", "display": "civil law system based on the French civil code; Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court reviews legislation", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: previous 1960, 2000; latest draft completed 24 September 2016, approved by the National Assembly 11 October 2016, approved by referendum 30 October 2016, promulgated 8 November 2016 | amendment process: proposed by the president of the republic or by Parliament; consideration of drafts or proposals requires an absolute majority vote by the parliamentary membership; passage of amendments affecting presidential elections, presidential term of office and vacancies, and amendment procedures requires approval by absolute majority in a referendum; passage of other proposals by the president requires at least four-fifths majority vote by Parliament; constitutional articles on the sovereignty of the state and its republican and secular form of government cannot be amended", "display": "history: previous 1960, 2000; latest draft completed 24 September 2016, approved by the National Assembly 11 October 2016, approved by referendum 30 October 2016, promulgated 8 No…", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1960 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "12 districts and 2 autonomous districts*; Abidjan*, Bas-Sassandra, Comoe, Denguele, Goh-Djiboua, Lacs, Lagunes, Montagnes, Sassandra-Marahoue, Savanes, Vallée du Bandama, Woroba, Yamoussoukro*, Zanzan", "display": "12 districts and 2 autonomous districts*; Abidjan*, Bas-Sassandra, Comoe, Denguele, Goh-Djiboua, Lacs, Lagunes, Montagnes, Sassandra-Marahoue, Savanes, Vallée du Bandama, Woroba,…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), Entente, FAO, FZ, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSCA, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNMISS, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), Entente, FAO, FZ, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IP…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "one of West Africa’s most influential, stable, and rapidly developing economies; poverty declines in urban but increases in rural areas; strong construction sector and increasingly diverse economic portfolio; increasing but manageable public debt; large labor force in agriculture", "display": "one of West Africa’s most influential, stable, and rapidly developing economies; poverty declines in urban but increases in rural areas; strong construction sector and increasingl…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$215.018 billion (2024 est.) | $202.943 billion (2023 est.) | $190.645 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$215.018 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 215.018, "estimate_year": 2024 }, 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petroleum, ships, refined petroleum, fish, rice (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "crude petroleum, ships, refined petroleum, fish, rice (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 41% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 41% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.41, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 425,000 (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 425,000 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 425000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 70.4% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 95% | electrification - rural areas: 45.3%", "display": "electrification - total population: 70.4% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 68.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 30.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 0.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 68.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "8.489 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "8.489 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "29 (2025)", "display": "29 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 5 (2024) | large: 1 | medium: 0 | small: 0 | very small: 4 | ports with oil terminals: 5 | key ports: Abidjan, Baobab Marine Terminal, Espoir Marine Terminal, Port Bouet, San Pedro", "display": "total ports: 5 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 660 km (2008) | narrow gauge: 660 km (2008) 1.000-m gauge | note: an additional 622 km of this railroad extends into Burkina Faso", "display": "total: 660 km (2008)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2008 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 25 (2023) | by type: oil tanker 2, other 23", "display": "total: 25 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "deforestation; water pollution from sewage and from industrial, mining, and agricultural effluents", "display": "deforestation; water pollution from sewage and from industrial, mining, and agricultural effluents", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "16.28 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 11.641 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 4.639 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "16.28 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "84.14 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "84.14 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 320 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 242 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 600 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 320 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardo…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/cote-d-ivoire.json" }, { "entity_id": "croatia", "name": "Croatia", "source_code": "HR", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Europe", "roadmap_country": "Croatia", "coverage_region": "Europe", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 144, "published_fact_count": 51, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 4071208.0, "area_sq_km": 56594.0, "capital": "Zagreb", "government_type": "parliamentary republic", "life_expectancy_years": 77.7, "urban_population_percent": 58.6, "internet_users_percent": 83.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 42600.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "The lands that today comprise Croatia were part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until the end of World War I. In 1918, the Croats, Serbs, and Slovenes formed a kingdom known after 1929 as Yugoslavia. Following World War II, Yugoslavia became a federal independent communist state consisting of six socialist republics, including Croatia, under the strong hand of Josip Broz, aka TITO. Although Croatia declared its independence from Yugoslavia in 1991, it took four years of sporadic, but often bitter, fighting before Yugoslav forces were cleared from Croatian lands, along with a majority of Croatia's ethnic Serb population. Under UN supervision, the last Serb-held enclave in eastern Slavonia was returned to Croatia in 1998. The country joined NATO in 2009 and the EU in 2013. In January 2023, Croatia further integrated into the EU by joining the Eurozone and the Schengen Area.", "display": "The lands that today comprise Croatia were part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until the end of World War I. In 1918, the Croats, Serbs, and Slovenes formed a kingdom known after…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1918 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Slovenia", "display": "Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Slovenia", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Europe", "display": "Europe", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 56,594 sq km | land: 55,974 sq km | water: 620 sq km", "display": "total : 56,594 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 56594.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "5,835 km (mainland 1,777 km; islands 4,058 km)", "display": "5,835 km (mainland 1,777 km; islands 4,058 km)", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "geographically diverse; flat plains along Hungarian border, low mountains and highlands near Adriatic coastline and islands", "display": "geographically diverse; flat plains along Hungarian border, low mountains and highlands near Adriatic coastline and islands", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Mediterranean and continental; continental climate predominant with hot summers and cold winters; mild winters, dry summers along coast", "display": "Mediterranean and continental; continental climate predominant with hot summers and cold winters; mild winters, dry summers along coast", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Dinara 1,831 m | lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m | mean elevation: 331 m", "display": "highest point: Dinara 1,831 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "destructive earthquakes", "display": "destructive earthquakes", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "oil, some coal, bauxite, low-grade iron ore, calcium, gypsum, natural asphalt, silica, mica, clays, salt, hydropower", "display": "oil, some coal, bauxite, low-grade iron ore, calcium, gypsum, natural asphalt, silica, mica, clays, salt, hydropower", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "more of the population lives in the northern half of the country, with approximately a quarter of the populace residing in and around the capital of Zagreb; many of the islands are sparsely populated", "display": "more of the population lives in the northern half of the country, with approximately a quarter of the populace residing in and around the capital of Zagreb; many of the islands ar…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 4,071,208 (2025 est.) | male: 1,968,334 | female: 2,102,874", "display": "total: 4,071,208 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 4071208.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "-0.53% (2025 est.)", "display": "-0.53% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": -0.0053, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 58.6% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.05% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 58.6% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Croatian (official) 95.2%, Serbian 1.2%, other 3.1% (including Bosnian, Romani, Albanian, and Italian) unspecified 0.5% (2021 est.) | major-language sample(s): | Knjiga svjetskih činjenica, nužan izvor osnovnih informacija. (Croatian) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Croatian (official) 95.2%, Serbian 1.2%, other 3.1% (including Bosnian, Romani, Albanian, and Italian) unspecified 0.5% (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Roman Catholic 79%, Orthodox 3.3%, Protestant 0.3%, other Christian 4.8%, Muslim 1.3%, other 1.1%, agnostic 1.7%, none or atheist 4.7%, unspecified 3.9% (2021 est.)", "display": "Roman Catholic 79%, Orthodox 3.3%, Protestant 0.3%, other Christian 4.8%, Muslim 1.3%, other 1.1%, agnostic 1.7%, none or atheist 4.7%, unspecified 3.9% (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 77.7 years (2024 est.) | male: 74.6 years | female: 81 years", "display": "total population: 77.7 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 77.7, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 44.9 years (2025 est.) | male: 43.2 years | female: 47 years", "display": "total: 44.9 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "684,000 ZAGREB (capital) (2023)", "display": "684,000 ZAGREB (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 16 years (2022 est.) | male: 15 years (2022 est.) | female: 17 years (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 16 years (2022 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Croatia | conventional short form: Croatia | local long form: Republika Hrvatska | local short form: Hrvatska | former: People's Republic of Croatia, Socialist Republic of Croatia | etymology: name probably derives from the Croats, a Slavic tribe who migrated to the Balkans in the 7th century A.D., but that name may be related to the Russian word khrebet , meaning \"mountain chain\"", "display": "conventional long form: Republic of Croatia", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Zagreb | geographic coordinates: 45 48 N, 16 00 E | time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October | etymology: the city's name means \"beyond the bank (or ditch)\"; za in Old Croat means \"beyond,\" and greb means \"bank\" or \"ditch,\" relating to the city's original site above the Sava River", "display": "name: Zagreb", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary republic", "display": "parliamentary republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law system influenced by legal heritage of Austria-Hungary", "display": "civil law system influenced by legal heritage of Austria-Hungary", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: several previous; latest adopted 22 December 1990 | amendment process: proposed by at least one fifth of the Assembly membership, by the president of the republic, by the Government of Croatia, or through petition by at least 10% of the total electorate; proceedings to amend require majority vote by the Assembly; passage requires two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly; passage by petition requires a majority vote in a referendum and promulgation by the Assembly", "display": "history: several previous; latest adopted 22 December 1990", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1990 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "20 counties ( zupanije , singular - zupanija ) and 1 city* ( grad - singular) with special county status; Bjelovarsko-Bilogorska (Bjelovar-Bilogora), Brodsko-Posavska (Brod-Posavina), Dubrovacko-Neretvanska (Dubrovnik-Neretva), Istarska (Istria), Karlovacka (Karlovac), Koprivnicko-Krizevacka (Koprivnica-Krizevci), Krapinsko-Zagorska (Krapina-Zagorje), Licko-Senjska (Lika-Senj), Medimurska (Medimurje), Osjecko-Baranjska (Osijek-Baranja), Pozesko-Slavonska (Pozega-Slavonia), Primorsko-Goranska (Primorje-Gorski Kotar), Sibensko-Kninska (Sibenik-Knin), Sisacko-Moslavacka (Sisak-Moslavina), Splitsko-Dalmatinska (Split-Dalmatia), Varazdinska (Varazdin), Viroviticko-Podravska (Virovitica-Podravina), Vukovarsko-Srijemska (Vukovar-Syrmia), Zadarska (Zadar), Zagreb*, Zagrebacka (Zagreb county)", "display": "20 counties ( zupanije , singular - zupanija ) and 1 city* ( 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capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 1.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 14.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 48.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | geothermal: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 3.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 31.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "79.907 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "79.907 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "45 (2025)", "display": "45 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 16 (2024) | large: 2 | medium: 0 | small: 6 | very small: 8 | ports with oil terminals: 8 | key ports: Bakar, Dubrovnik, Omisalj, Rijeka Luka, Rovinj, Sibenik, Split, Zadar", "display": "total ports: 16 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 2,617 km (2020) 980 km electrified", "display": "total: 2,617 km (2020) 980 km electrified", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 384 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 10, general cargo 32, oil tanker 14, other 328", "display": "total: 384 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "air pollution in urban areas, as well as emissions from neighboring countries; surface water pollution in the Danube River Basin", "display": "air pollution in urban areas, as well as emissions from neighboring countries; surface water pollution in the Danube River Basin", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "16.467 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 1.335 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 9.858 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 5.275 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "16.467 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "105.5 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "105.5 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 465 million cubic meters (2022) | industrial: 475 million cubic meters (2022) | agricultural: 76 million cubic meters (2022)", "display": "municipal: 465 million cubic meters (2022)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/croatia.json" }, { "entity_id": "cuba", "name": "Cuba", "source_code": "CU", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Central America and the Caribbean", "roadmap_country": "Cuba", "coverage_region": "Americas", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 138, "published_fact_count": 52, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 10059519.0, "area_sq_km": 110860.0, "capital": "Havana", "government_type": "communist state", "life_expectancy_years": 80.1, "urban_population_percent": 77.5, "internet_users_percent": 71.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 23700.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "The native Amerindian population of Cuba began to decline after the arrival of Christopher COLUMBUS in 1492, as the country was developed as a Spanish colony during the next several centuries. Large numbers of African slaves were imported to work the coffee and sugar plantations, and Havana became the launching point for the annual treasure fleets bound for Spain from Mexico and Peru. Spanish rule eventually provoked an independence movement, and occasional rebellions were harshly suppressed. US intervention during the Spanish-American War in 1898 assisted the Cubans in overthrowing Spanish rule. The Treaty of Paris established Cuban independence from Spain in 1898, and after three-and-a-half years of subsequent US military rule, Cuba became an independent republic in 1902. | Cuba then experienced a string of governments mostly dominated by the military and corrupt politicians. Fidel CASTRO led a rebel army to victory in 1959; his authoritarian rule held the subsequent regime together for nearly five decades. He handed off the presidency to his younger brother Raul CASTRO in 2008. Cuba's communist revolution, with Soviet support, was exported throughout Latin America and Africa during the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. Miguel DIAZ-CANEL Bermudez, hand-picked by Raul CASTRO to succeed him, was approved as president by the National Assembly and took office in 2018. DIAZ-CANEL was appointed First Secretary of the Communist Party in 2021 after the retirement of Raul CASTRO and continues to serve as both president and first secretary. Cuba traditionally and consistently portrays the US embargo, in place since 1961, as the source of its socioeconomic difficulties. As a result of efforts begun in 2014 to reestablish diplomatic relations, the US and Cuba reopened embassies in their respective countries in 2015. The embargo remains in place, however, and the relationship between the US and Cuba remains tense. Illicit migration of Cuban nationals to the US via maritime and overland routes has been a longstanding challenge. In 2017, the US and Cuba signed a Joint Statement ending the so-called \"wet-foot, dry-foot\" policy, by which Cuban nationals who reached US soil were permitted to stay. Irregular Cuban maritime migration has dropped significantly since 2016, when migrant interdictions at sea topped 5,000, but land border crossings continue.", "display": "The native Amerindian population of Cuba began to decline after the arrival of Christopher COLUMBUS in 1492, as the country was developed as a Spanish colony during the next sever…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1902 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, 150 km south of Key West, Florida", "display": "Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, 150 km south of Key West, Florida", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Central America and the Caribbean", "display": "Central America and the Caribbean", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 110,860 sq km | land: 109,820 sq km | water: 1,040 sq km", "display": "total : 110,860 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 110860.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "3,735 km", "display": "3,735 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly flat to rolling plains, with rugged hills and mountains in the southeast", "display": "mostly flat to rolling plains, with rugged hills and mountains in the southeast", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical; moderated by trade winds; dry season (November to April); rainy season (May to October)", "display": "tropical; moderated by trade winds; dry season (November to April); rainy season (May to October)", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Pico Turquino 1,974 m | lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m | mean elevation: 108 m", "display": "highest point: Pico Turquino 1,974 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "the east coast is subject to hurricanes from August to November (in general, the country averages about one hurricane every other year); droughts are common", "display": "the east coast is subject to hurricanes from August to November (in general, the country averages about one hurricane every other year); droughts are common", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "cobalt, nickel, iron ore, chromium, copper, salt, timber, silica, petroleum, arable land", "display": "cobalt, nickel, iron ore, chromium, copper, salt, timber, silica, petroleum, arable land", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "large population clusters found throughout the country, the more significant ones being in the larger towns and cities, particularly the capital of Havana", "display": "large population clusters found throughout the country, the more significant ones being in the larger towns and cities, particularly the capital of Havana", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 10,059,519 (2025 est.) | male: 4,950,615 | female: 5,108,904", "display": "total: 10,059,519 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 10059519.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "-0.6% (2025 est.)", "display": "-0.6% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": -0.006, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 77.5% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.19% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 77.5% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Spanish (official) | major-language sample(s): | La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Spanish (official)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Christian 58.9%, folk religion 17.6%, Buddhist <1%, Hindu <1%, Jewish <1%, Muslim <1%, other <1%, none 23.2% (2020 est.) | note: folk religions include religions of African origin, spiritualism, and others intermingled with Catholicism or Protestantism; data is estimative because no authoritative source on religious affiliation exists for Cuba", "display": "Christian 58.9%, folk religion 17.6%, Buddhist <1%, Hindu <1%, Jewish <1%, Muslim <1%, other <1%, none 23.2% (2020 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 80.1 years (2024 est.) | male: 77.8 years | female: 82.6 years", "display": "total population: 80.1 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 80.1, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 46.2 years (2025 est.) | male: 41 years | female: 44.4 years", "display": "total: 46.2 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "2.149 million HAVANA (capital) (2023)", "display": "2.149 million HAVANA (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 97.7% (2019 est.) | male: 99% (2019 est.) | female: 96.3% (2019 est.)", "display": "total population: 97.7% (2019 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2019 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 14 years (2023 est.) | male: 13 years (2023 est.) | female: 15 years (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 14 years (2023 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Cuba | conventional short form: Cuba | local long form: República de Cuba | local short form: Cuba | etymology: the origin of the name is disputed; it could be derived from a local Taino word, either cubao , meaning \"where fertile land is abundant,\" or coabana, meaning \"great place\"", "display": "conventional long form: Republic of Cuba", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Havana | geographic coordinates: 23 07 N, 82 21 W | time difference: UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November; note - Cuba has been known to alter the schedule of DST on short notice in an attempt to conserve electricity for lighting | etymology: Spanish soldier Diego VELAZQUEZ named the city San Cristobal de la Habana, or Saint Christopher of the Habana; \"Habana\" may have been the name of a local ethnic group, but the meaning of the word is unknown", "display": "name: Havana", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "communist state", "display": "communist state", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law system based on Spanish civil code", "display": "civil law system based on Spanish civil code", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: several previous; latest drafted 14 July 2018, approved by the National Assembly 22 December 2018, approved by referendum 24 February 2019 | amendment process: proposed by the National Assembly of People’s Power; passage requires approval of at least two-thirds majority of the National Assembly membership; amendments to constitutional articles on the authorities of the National Assembly, Council of State, or any rights and duties in the constitution also require approval in a referendum; constitutional articles on the Cuban political, social, and economic system cannot be amended", "display": "history: several previous; latest drafted 14 July 2018, approved by the National Assembly 22 December 2018, approved by referendum 24 February 2019", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "15 provinces ( provincias , singular - provincia ) and 1 special municipality* ( municipio especial ); Artemisa, Camaguey, Ciego de Avila, Cienfuegos, Granma, Guantanamo, Holguin, Isla de la Juventud*, La Habana (Havana), Las Tunas, Matanzas, Mayabeque, Pinar del Río, Sancti Spiritus, Santiago de Cuba, Villa Clara", "display": "15 provinces ( provincias , singular - provincia ) and 1 special municipality* ( municipio especial ); Artemisa, Camaguey, Ciego de Avila, Cienfuegos, Granma, Guantanamo, Holguin,…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACP, ACS, ALBA, AOSIS, CABEI, CELAC, EAEU (observer), FAO, G-77, IAEA, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IFAD, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, NAM, OAS (excluded from formal participation since 1962), OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, Petrocaribe, PIF (partner), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHRC, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ACP, ACS, ALBA, AOSIS, CABEI, CELAC, EAEU (observer), FAO, G-77, IAEA, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IFAD, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU,…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1962 }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "still largely state-run planned economy, although privatization increasing under new constitution; widespread protests due to lack of basic necessities and electricity; massive foreign investment increases recently; known tobacco exporter; unique oil-for-doctors relationship with Venezuela; widespread corruption", "display": "still largely state-run planned economy, although privatization increasing under new constitution; widespread protests due to lack of basic necessities and electricity; massive fo…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$81.165 billion (2024 est.) | $81.985 billion (2023 est.) | $83.597 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2015 dollars", "display": "$81.165 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 81.165, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$23,700 (2024 est.) | $18,300 (2023 est.) | $13,300 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2015 dollars", "display": "$23,700 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 23700.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "-1.9% (2023 est.) | 1.8% (2022 est.) | 1.3% (2021 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "-1.9% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "76.1% (2022 est.) | 151.9% (2021 est.) | 11.9% (2020 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "76.1% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.7609999999999999, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "1.6% (2024 est.) | 1.8% (2023 est.) | 1.9% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "1.6% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.016, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "petroleum, nickel, cobalt, pharmaceuticals, tobacco, construction, steel, cement, agricultural machinery, sugar", "display": "petroleum, nickel, cobalt, pharmaceuticals, tobacco, construction, steel, cement, agricultural machinery, sugar", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "sugarcane, cassava, plantains, vegetables, mangoes/guavas, milk, tomatoes, pumpkins/squash, sweet potatoes, bananas (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "sugarcane, cassava, plantains, vegetables, mangoes/guavas, milk, tomatoes, pumpkins/squash, sweet potatoes, bananas (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "tobacco, nickel, liquor, zinc ore, precious metal ore (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "tobacco, nickel, liquor, zinc ore, precious metal ore (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "beer, poultry, rice, plastic products, soybean oil (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "beer, poultry, rice, plastic products, soybean oil (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 71% (2023 est.) | note: private citizens are prohibited from buying computers or accessing the Internet without special authorization; foreigners may access the Internet in large hotels but are subject to firewalls; some Cubans buy illegal passwords on the black market or take advantage of public outlets to access limited email and the government-controlled \"intranet\"; issues relating to COVID-19 impact research into internet adoption, so actual internet user figures may be different than published numbers suggest", "display": "percent of population: 71% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.71, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 327,000 (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 3 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 327,000 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 327000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 95.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 1.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 0.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 0.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 2.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 95.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "26.07 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "26.07 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "120 (2025)", "display": "120 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 34 (2024) | large: 6 | medium: 3 | small: 10 | very small: 6 | size unknown: 9 | ports with oil terminals: 14 | key ports: Antilla, Bahai de la Habana, Bahia de Sagua de Tanamo, Cabanas, Casilda, Cienfuegos, Nuevitas Bay, Puerto Guantanamo, Santiago de Cuba", "display": "total ports: 34 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 8,367 km (2017) | standard gauge: 8,195 km (2017) 1.435-m gauge (124 km electrified) | narrow gauge: 172 km (2017) 1.000-m gauge | note: As of 2013, 70 km of standard gauge and 12 km of narrow gauge track were not for public use", "display": "total: 8,367 km (2017)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2017 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 65 (2023) | by type: general cargo 13, oil tanker 10, other 42", "display": "total: 65 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "soil degradation and desertification (brought on by poor farming techniques and natural disasters); biodiversity loss; deforestation; air and water pollution", "display": "soil degradation and desertification (brought on by poor farming techniques and natural disasters); biodiversity loss; deforestation; air and water pollution", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "19.716 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 16,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 18.12 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 1.58 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "19.716 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "38.12 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "38.12 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 1.7 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 740 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 4.519 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 1.7 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation", "display": "party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangere…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/cuba.json" }, { "entity_id": "curacao", "name": "Curacao", "source_code": "CW", "source_entity_class": "dependency-or-territory", "source_region": "Central America and the Caribbean", "roadmap_country": null, "coverage_region": null, "roadmap_status": "additional", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 98, "published_fact_count": 41, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 153289.0, "area_sq_km": 444.0, "capital": "Willemstad", "government_type": "parliamentary democracy", "life_expectancy_years": 79.9, "urban_population_percent": 89.0, "internet_users_percent": 68.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 27700.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2023, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "The original Arawak Indian settlers who arrived on Curaçao from South America in about A.D. 1000 were largely enslaved by the Spanish early in the 16th century and forcibly relocated to other colonies where labor was needed. The Dutch seized Curaçao from the Spanish in 1634. Once the center of the Caribbean slave trade, Curaçao was hard hit economically when the Dutch abolished slavery in 1863. Its prosperity (and that of neighboring Aruba) was restored in the early 20th century with the construction of the Isla Refineria to service the newly discovered Venezuelan oilfields. In 1954, Curaçao and several other Dutch Caribbean colonies were reorganized as the Netherlands Antilles, part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. In referenda in 2005 and 2009, the citizens of Curaçao voted to become a self-governing country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The change in status became effective in 2010 with the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles.", "display": "The original Arawak Indian settlers who arrived on Curaçao from South America in about A.D. 1000 were largely enslaved by the Spanish early in the 16th century and forcibly reloca…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1954 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Caribbean, an island in the Caribbean Sea, 55 km off the coast of Venezuela", "display": "Caribbean, an island in the Caribbean Sea, 55 km off the coast of Venezuela", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Central America and the Caribbean", "display": "Central America and the Caribbean", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 444 sq km | land: 444 sq km | water: 0 sq km", "display": "total : 444 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 444.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "364 km", "display": "364 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "generally low, hilly terrain", "display": "generally low, hilly terrain", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical marine climate, ameliorated by northeast trade winds, results in mild temperatures; semiarid with average rainfall of 60 cm/year", "display": "tropical marine climate, ameliorated by northeast trade winds, results in mild temperatures; semiarid with average rainfall of 60 cm/year", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Mt. Christoffel 372 m | lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m", "display": "highest point: Mt. Christoffel 372 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Curacao is south of the Caribbean hurricane belt and is rarely threatened", "display": "Curacao is south of the Caribbean hurricane belt and is rarely threatened", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "calcium phosphates, protected harbors, hot springs", "display": "calcium phosphates, protected harbors, hot springs", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "largest concentration on the island is Willemstad; smaller settlements near the coast can be found throughout the island, particularly in the northwest", "display": "largest concentration on the island is Willemstad; smaller settlements near the coast can be found throughout the island, particularly in the northwest", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 153,289 (2024 est.) | male: 73,755 | female: 79,534", "display": "total: 153,289 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 153289.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.25% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.25% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0025, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 89% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.57% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 89% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Papiamento (official) (a creole language that is a mixture of Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch, English, and, to a lesser extent, French, as well as elements of African languages and the language of the Arawak) 80%, Dutch (official) 8.8%, Spanish 5.6%, English (official) 3.1%, other 2.3%, unspecified 0.3% (2011 est.) | note: data represent most spoken language in household", "display": "Papiamento (official) (a creole language that is a mixture of Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch, English, and, to a lesser extent, French, as well as elements of African languages and th…", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2011 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Roman Catholic 72.8%, Pentecostal 6.6%, Protestant 3.2%, Adventist 3%, Jehovah's Witness 2%, Evangelical 1.9%, other 3.8%, none 6%, unspecified 0.6% (2011 est.)", "display": "Roman Catholic 72.8%, Pentecostal 6.6%, Protestant 3.2%, Adventist 3%, Jehovah's Witness 2%, Evangelical 1.9%, other 3.8%, none 6%, unspecified 0.6% (2011 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2011 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 79.9 years (2024 est.) | male: 77.6 years | female: 82.3 years", "display": "total population: 79.9 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 79.9, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 38.1 years (2025 est.) | male: 35.5 years | female: 40.2 years", "display": "total: 38.1 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "144,000 WILLEMSTAD (capital) (2018)", "display": "144,000 WILLEMSTAD (capital) (2018)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Country of Curacao | conventional short form: Curacao | local long form: Land Curacao (Dutch)/ Pais Korsou (Papiamento) | local short form: Curacao (Dutch)/ Korsou (Papiamento) | former: Netherlands Antilles; Curacao and Dependencies | etymology: the origin of the name is disputed; many historians now agree that the name derives from a similar-sounding word the original inhabitants used to describe themselves", "display": "conventional long form: Country of Curacao", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Willemstad | geographic coordinates: 12 06 N, 68 55 W | time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: the name means \"William's Town\" in Dutch; named after Prince WILLEM of Orange (1533-84), the first stadtholder of the United Provinces of the Netherlands", "display": "name: Willemstad", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary 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"international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACS (associate), Caricom (observer), FATF, ILO, ITU, UNESCO (associate), UPU", "display": "ACS (associate), Caricom (observer), FATF, ILO, ITU, UNESCO (associate), UPU", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "high-income island economy; developed infrastructure; tourism and financial services-based economy; investing in information technology incentives; oil refineries service Venezuela and China", "display": "high-income island economy; developed infrastructure; tourism and financial services-based economy; investing in information technology incentives; oil refineries service Venezuel…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$4.312 billion (2023 est.) | $4.138 billion (2022 est.) | $3.834 billion (2021 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$4.312 billion (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 4.312, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$27,700 (2023 est.) | $27,600 (2022 est.) | $25,200 (2021 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$27,700 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 27700.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "4.2% (2023 est.) | 7.9% (2022 est.) | 4.2% (2021 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "4.2% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.6% (2019 est.) | 2.6% (2018 est.) | 1.6% (2017 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "2.6% (2019 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.026000000000000002, "estimate_year": 2019 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "tourism, petroleum refining, petroleum transshipment, light manufacturing, financial and business services", "display": "tourism, petroleum refining, petroleum transshipment, light manufacturing, financial and business services", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "aloe, sorghum, peanuts, vegetables, tropical fruit", "display": "aloe, sorghum, peanuts, vegetables, tropical fruit", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "diamonds, refined petroleum, crude petroleum, gold, petroleum coke (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "diamonds, refined petroleum, crude petroleum, gold, petroleum coke (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, cars, garments, plastic products, packaged medicine (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, cars, garments, plastic products, packaged medicine (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 68% (2017 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 68% (2017 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.68, "estimate_year": 2017 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 61,000 (2022 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 33 (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 61,000 (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 61000.0, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "1 (2025)", "display": "1 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 4 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 2 | small: 1 | very small: 1 | ports with oil terminals: 3 | key ports: Bullenbaai, Caracasbaai, Sint Michelsbaai, Willemstad", "display": "total ports: 4 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 57 (2023) | by type: general cargo 5, oil tanker 1, other 51", "display": "total: 57 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "waste management, including pollution of marine areas from domestic sewage, inadequate sewage treatment facilities, industrial effluents, agricultural runoff, mismanagement of toxic substances, and ineffective regulations; damage from neglect and a lack of controls at major refinery", "display": "waste management, including pollution of marine areas from domestic sewage, inadequate sewage treatment facilities, industrial effluents, agricultural runoff, mismanagement of tox…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/curacao.json" }, { "entity_id": "cyprus", "name": "Cyprus", "source_code": "CY", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Middle East", "roadmap_country": "Cyprus", "coverage_region": "Asia", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 141, "published_fact_count": 50, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 1332293.0, "area_sq_km": 9251.0, "capital": "Nicosia (Lefkosia/Lefkosa)", "government_type": "Republic of Cyprus - presidential republic; self-declared \"Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus\" (TRNC) - parliamentary republic with enhanced presidency", "life_expectancy_years": 80.2, "urban_population_percent": 67.0, "internet_users_percent": 91.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 53300.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "A former British colony, Cyprus became independent in 1960 after years of resistance to British rule. Tensions between the Greek Cypriot majority and Turkish Cypriot minority came to a head in December 1963, when violence broke out in the capital of Nicosia. Despite the deployment of UN peacekeepers in 1964, sporadic intercommunal violence continued and forced most Turkish Cypriots into enclaves throughout the island. In 1974, a Greek Government-sponsored attempt to overthrow the elected president of Cyprus was met by military intervention from Turkey, which soon controlled more than a third of the island. In 1983, the Turkish Cypriot administered area declared itself the \"Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus\" (TRNC), but it is recognized only by Turkey. A UN-mediated agreement to reunite Cyprus, the Annan Plan, failed to win approval from both communities in 2004. The most recent round of reunification negotiations was suspended in 2017 after failure to achieve a breakthrough. | The entire island joined the EU in 2004, although the EU acquis -- the body of common rights and obligations -- applies only to the areas under the internationally recognized government and is suspended in the TRNC. However, individual Turkish Cypriots able to document their eligibility for Republic of Cyprus citizenship have the same legal rights accorded to citizens of other EU states.", "display": "A former British colony, Cyprus became independent in 1960 after years of resistance to British rule. Tensions between the Greek Cypriot majority and Turkish Cypriot minority came…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1960 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Middle East, island in the Mediterranean Sea, south of Turkey; note - Cyprus views itself as part of Europe; geopolitically, it can be classified as falling within Europe, the Middle East, or both", "display": "Middle East, island in the Mediterranean Sea, south of Turkey; note - Cyprus views itself as part of Europe; geopolitically, it can be classified as falling within Europe, the Mid…", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Middle East", "display": "Middle East", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 9,251 sq km (of which 3,355 sq km are in north Cyprus) | land: 9,241 sq km | water: 10 sq km", "display": "total : 9,251 sq km (of which 3,355 sq km are in north Cyprus)", "source_field": "Area", "value": 9251.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "648 km", "display": "648 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "central plain with mountains to north and south; scattered but significant plains along southern coast", "display": "central plain with mountains to north and south; scattered but significant plains along southern coast", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters", "display": "temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Mount Olympus 1,951 m | lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m | mean elevation: 91 m", "display": "highest point: Mount Olympus 1,951 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "moderate earthquake activity; droughts", "display": "moderate earthquake activity; droughts", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "copper, pyrites, asbestos, gypsum, timber, salt, marble, clay earth pigment", "display": "copper, pyrites, asbestos, gypsum, timber, salt, marble, clay earth pigment", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "population concentrated in central Nicosia and in the major cities of the south: Paphos, Limassol, and Larnaca", "display": "population concentrated in central Nicosia and in the major cities of the south: Paphos, Limassol, and Larnaca", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 1,332,293 (2025 est.) | male: 681,128 | female: 651,165", "display": "total: 1,332,293 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 1332293.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.89% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.89% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0089, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 67% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.76% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 67% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Greek (official) 80.9%, Turkish (official) 0.2%, English 4.1%, Romanian 2.9%, Russian 2.5%, Bulgarian 2.2%, Arabic 1.2%, Filipino 1.1%, other 4.3%, unspecified 0.6% (2011 est.) | major-language sample(s): | Το Παγκόσμιο Βιβλίο Δεδομένων, η απαραίτητη πηγή βασικών πληροφοριών. (Greek) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. | note: data represent only the Republic of Cyprus", "display": "Greek (official) 80.9%, Turkish (official) 0.2%, English 4.1%, Romanian 2.9%, Russian 2.5%, Bulgarian 2.2%, Arabic 1.2%, Filipino 1.1%, other 4.3%, unspecified 0.6% (2011 est.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2011 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Eastern Orthodox Christian 89.1%, Roman Catholic 2.9%, Protestant/Anglican 2%, Muslim 1.8%, Buddhist 1%, other (includes Maronite Catholic, Armenian Apostolic, Hindu) 1.4%, unknown 1.1%, none/atheist 0.6% (2011 est.) | note: data represent only the government-controlled area of Cyprus", "display": "Eastern Orthodox Christian 89.1%, Roman Catholic 2.9%, Protestant/Anglican 2%, Muslim 1.8%, Buddhist 1%, other (includes Maronite Catholic, Armenian Apostolic, Hindu) 1.4%, unknow…", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2011 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 80.2 years (2024 est.) | male: 77.4 years | female: 83.1 years", "display": "total population: 80.2 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 80.2, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 39.9 years (2025 est.) | male: 38.2 years | female: 41 years", "display": "total: 39.9 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "269,000 NICOSIA (capital) (2018)", "display": "269,000 NICOSIA (capital) (2018)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 16 years (2022 est.) | male: 16 years (2022 est.) | female: 17 years (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 16 years (2022 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Cyprus | conventional short form: Cyprus | local long form: Kypriaki Dimokratia (Greek)/ Kibris Cumhuriyeti (Turkish) | local short form: Kypros (Greek)/ Kibris (Turkish) | etymology: the Greek name for the island is Kupros, which is probably derived from the Sumerian kabar , meaning \"copper\" or \"bronze;\" copper mines were located on the island in antiquity | note: the Turkish Cypriot community, which administers the northern part of the island, refers to itself as the \"Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus\" or \"TRNC\" (\"Kuzey Kibris Turk Cumhuriyeti\" or \"KKTC\")", "display": "conventional long form: Republic of Cyprus", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Nicosia (Lefkosia/Lefkosa) | geographic coordinates: 35 10 N, 33 22 E | time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October | etymology: may have been named after Nike, the Greek goddess of victory; the Greek name for the city, Lefkosia, and the Turkish name, Lefkosa, both mean \"White City\"", "display": "name: Nicosia (Lefkosia/Lefkosa)", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "Republic of Cyprus - presidential republic; self-declared \"Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus\" (TRNC) - parliamentary republic with enhanced presidency | note: a separation of the two main ethnic communities inhabiting the island began following the outbreak of communal strife in 1963; this separation was further solidified when a Greek military-junta-supported coup attempt prompted the Turkish military intervention in July 1974 that gave the Turkish Cypriots de facto control in the north; Greek Cypriots control the only internationally recognized government on the island; on 15 November 1983, then Turkish Cypriot \"President\" Rauf DENKTAS declared independence and the formation of the \"TRNC,” which is recognized only by Turkey", "display": "Republic of Cyprus - presidential republic; self-declared \"Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus\" (TRNC) - parliamentary republic with enhanced presidency", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1963 }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "mixed system of English common law and civil law, with European law supremacy", "display": "mixed system of English common law and civil law, with European law supremacy", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: ratified 16 August 1960 | amendment process: constitution of the Republic of Cyprus -- proposed by the House of Representatives; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the total membership of the \"Greek Community\" and the \"Turkish Community\"; however, all seats of Turkish Cypriot members have remained vacant since 1964 | constitution of the “Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus” -- proposed by at least 10 members of the \"Assembly of the Republic\"; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the total Assembly membership and approval by referendum | note: in 1963, the constitution was partly suspended as Turkish Cypriots withdrew from the government; Turkish-held territory in 1983 was declared the \"Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus\" (\"TRNC\"); in 1985, the \"TRNC\" approved its own constitution", "display": "history: ratified 16 August 1960", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1960 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "6 districts; Ammochostos (Famagusta; all but a small part located in the Turkish Cypriot community), Keryneia (Kyrenia; the only district located entirely in the Turkish Cypriot community), Larnaka (Larnaca; with a small part located in the Turkish Cypriot community), Lefkosia (Nicosia; a small part administered by Turkish Cypriots), Lemesos (Limassol), Pafos (Paphos) | note: the 5 \"districts\" of the \"Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus\" are Gazimagusa (Famagusta), Girne (Kyrenia), Guzelyurt (Morphou), Iskele (Trikomo), Lefkosa (Nicosia)", "display": "6 districts; Ammochostos (Famagusta; all but a small part located in the Turkish Cypriot community), Keryneia (Kyrenia; the only district located entirely in the Turkish Cypriot c…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "Australia Group, C, CD, CE, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, NSG, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "Australia Group, C, CD, CE, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC,…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "services-based, high-income EU island economy; heavy tourism; sustained growth between recovery of national banking system and COVID-19 trade restrictions; high living standards; a known financial hub, its stock exchange functions as an investment bridge between EU-and EEU-member countries | note: Even though the whole of the island is part of the EU, implementation of the EU \"acquis communautaire\" has been suspended in the area administered by Turkish Cypriots, known locally as the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, until political conditions permit the reunification of the island. Its market-based economy is roughly one-fifth the size of its southern neighbor and is likewise dominated by the service sector with a large portion of the population employed by the government. Manufacturing is limited mainly to food and beverages, furniture and fixtures, construction materials, metal and non-metal products, textiles and clothing. Little trade exists with the Republic of Cyprus outside of construction, historically relying heavily upon Turkey for financial aid, defense, telecommunications, utilities, and postal services. The Turkish Lira is the preferred currency, though foreign currencies are widely accepted in business transactions.", "display": "services-based, high-income EU island economy; heavy tourism; sustained growth between recovery of national banking system and COVID-19 trade restrictions; high living standards;…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$50.055 billion (2024 est.) | $48.386 billion (2023 est.) | $47.085 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$50.055 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 50.055, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$53,300 (2024 est.) | $52,200 (2023 est.) | $51,600 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$53,300 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 53300.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3.4% (2024 est.) | 2.8% (2023 est.) | 7.2% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "3.4% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "1.8% (2024 est.) | 3.5% (2023 est.) | 8.4% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "1.8% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.018000000000000002, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "5.7% (2024 est.) | 6.1% (2023 est.) | 6.9% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "5.7% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.057, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "tourism, food and beverage processing, cement and gypsum, ship repair and refurbishment, textiles, light chemicals, metal products, wood, paper, stone and clay products | note: area administered by Turkish Cypriots - foodstuffs, textiles, clothing, ship repair, clay, gypsum, copper, furniture", "display": "tourism, food and beverage processing, cement and gypsum, ship repair and refurbishment, textiles, light chemicals, metal products, wood, paper, stone and clay products", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "milk, potatoes, sheep milk, pork, goat milk, wheat, chicken, olives, grapes, barley (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "milk, potatoes, sheep milk, pork, goat milk, wheat, chicken, olives, grapes, barley (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "ships, refined petroleum, packaged medicine, cheese, scented mixtures (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "ships, refined petroleum, packaged medicine, cheese, scented mixtures (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, ships, cars, packaged medicine, coal tar oil (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, ships, cars, packaged medicine, coal tar oil (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 91% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 91% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.91, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 357,000 (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 39 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 357,000 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 357000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 79.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 16% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 3.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 79.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "107.188 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "107.188 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "14 (2025)", "display": "14 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 6 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 3 | very small: 3 | ports with oil terminals: 4 | key ports: Dhekelia, Famagusta, Kyrenia, Larnaca, Limassol, Xeros", "display": "total ports: 6 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 1,005 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 243, container ship 154, general cargo 211, oil tanker 47, other 350", "display": "total: 1,005 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "scarce water resources; salination; water pollution from sewage, industrial wastes, and pesticides; coastal degradation; erosion; loss of wildlife habitats from urbanization", "display": "scarce water resources; salination; water pollution from sewage, industrial wastes, and pesticides; coastal degradation; erosion; loss of wildlife habitats from urbanization", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "6.837 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 100,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 6.737 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "6.837 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "780 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "780 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 112 million cubic meters (2022) | industrial: 17 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 177 million cubic meters (2022)", "display": "municipal: 112 million cubic meters (2022)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/cyprus.json" }, { "entity_id": "czechia", "name": "Czechia", "source_code": "CZ", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Europe", "roadmap_country": "Czechia", "coverage_region": "Europe", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 146, "published_fact_count": 49, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 10838703.0, "area_sq_km": 78867.0, "capital": "Prague", "government_type": "parliamentary republic", "life_expectancy_years": 78.6, "urban_population_percent": 74.6, "internet_users_percent": 86.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 48000.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": true }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "At the close of World War I, the Czechs and Slovaks of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire merged to form Czechoslovakia, a parliamentarian democracy. During the interwar years, having rejected a federal system, the new country's predominantly Czech leaders were frequently preoccupied with meeting the increasingly strident demands of other ethnic minorities within the republic, most notably the Slovaks, the Sudeten Germans, and the Ruthenians (Ukrainians). On the eve of World War II, Nazi Germany occupied the territory that today comprises Czechia, and Slovakia became an independent state allied with Germany. After the war, a reunited but truncated Czechoslovakia (less Ruthenia) fell within the Soviet sphere of influence when the pro-Soviet Communist party staged a coup in February 1948. In 1968, an invasion by fellow Warsaw Pact troops ended the efforts of the country's leaders to liberalize communist rule and create \"socialism with a human face,\" ushering in a period of repression known as \"normalization.\" The peaceful \"Velvet Revolution\" swept the Communist Party from power at the end of 1989 and inaugurated a return to democratic rule and a market economy. On 1 January 1993, the country underwent a nonviolent \"velvet divorce\" into its two national components, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The Czech Republic joined NATO in 1999 and the European Union in 2004. The country formally added the short-form name Czechia in 2016, while also continuing to use the full form name, the Czech Republic.", "display": "At the close of World War I, the Czechs and Slovaks of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire merged to form Czechoslovakia, a parliamentarian democracy. During the interwar years, ha…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1948 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Central Europe, between Germany, Poland, Slovakia, and Austria", "display": "Central Europe, between Germany, Poland, Slovakia, and Austria", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Europe", "display": "Europe", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 78,867 sq km | land: 77,247 sq km | water: 1,620 sq km", "display": "total : 78,867 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 78867.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "0 km (landlocked)", "display": "0 km (landlocked)", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Bohemia in the west consists of rolling plains, hills, and plateaus surrounded by low mountains; Moravia in the east consists of very hilly country", "display": "Bohemia in the west consists of rolling plains, hills, and plateaus surrounded by low mountains; Moravia in the east consists of very hilly country", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters", "display": "temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Snezka 1,602 m | lowest point: Labe (Elbe) River 115 m | mean elevation: 433 m", "display": "highest point: Snezka 1,602 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "flooding", "display": "flooding", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "hard coal, soft coal, kaolin, clay, graphite, timber, arable land", "display": "hard coal, soft coal, kaolin, clay, graphite, timber, arable land", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, but the northern and eastern regions tend to have larger urban concentrations", "display": "a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, but the northern and eastern regions tend to have larger urban concentrations", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 10,838,703 (2025 est.) | male: 5,337,128 | female: 5,501,575", "display": "total: 10,838,703 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 10838703.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "-0.02% (2025 est.)", "display": "-0.02% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": -0.0002, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 74.6% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.2% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 74.6% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Czech (official) 88.4%, Slovak 1.5%, other 2.6%, unspecified 7.2% (2021 est.) | major-language sample(s): | World Factbook, nepostradatelný zdroj základních informací. (Czech) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. | note: includes only persons with one mother tongue", "display": "Czech (official) 88.4%, Slovak 1.5%, other 2.6%, unspecified 7.2% (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Roman Catholic 7%, other believers belonging to a church or religious society 6% (includes Evangelical United Brethren Church and Czechoslovak Hussite Church), believers unaffiliated with a religious society 9.1%, none 47.8%, unspecified 30.1% (2021 est.)", "display": "Roman Catholic 7%, other believers belonging to a church or religious society 6% (includes Evangelical United Brethren Church and Czechoslovak Hussite Church), believers unaffilia…", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 78.6 years (2024 est.) | male: 75.6 years | female: 81.8 years", "display": "total population: 78.6 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 78.6, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 44.4 years (2025 est.) | male: 42.7 years | female: 45.7 years", "display": "total: 44.4 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.323 million PRAGUE (capital) (2023)", "display": "1.323 million PRAGUE (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 17 years (2022 est.) | male: 16 years (2022 est.) | female: 18 years (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 17 years (2022 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Czech Republic | conventional short form: Czechia | local long form: Ceska republika | local short form: Cesko | etymology: name derives from the Czechs, a West Slavic tribe who rose to prominence in the late 9th century A.D.; the tribal name is said to come from an ancestral chief", "display": "conventional long form: Czech Republic", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Prague | geographic coordinates: 50 05 N, 14 28 E | time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October | etymology: the name may derive from the old Slavic word \"praga\" or \"prah,\" meaning \"threshold;\" it could also be related to the same Slavic root word as the modern Czech \"pražiti,\" a term for woodland cleared by burning", "display": "name: Prague", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary republic", "display": "parliamentary republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "new civil code enacted in 2014, replacing civil code of 1964 based on former Austro-Hungarian civil codes and socialist theory", "display": "new civil code enacted in 2014, replacing civil code of 1964 based on former Austro-Hungarian civil codes and socialist theory", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2014 }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: previous 1960; latest ratified 16 December 1992, effective 1 January 1993 | amendment process: passage requires at least three-fifths concurrence of members present in both houses of Parliament", "display": "history: previous 1960; latest ratified 16 December 1992, effective 1 January 1993", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1960 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "13 regions ( kraje , singular - kraj ) and 1 capital city* ( hlavni mesto ); Jihocesky (South Bohemia), Jihomoravsky (South Moravia), Karlovarsky (Karlovy Vary), Kralovehradecky (Hradec Kralove), Liberecky (Liberec), Moravskoslezsky (Moravia-Silesia), Olomoucky (Olomouc), Pardubicky (Pardubice), Plzensky (Pilsen), Praha (Prague)*, Stredocesky (Central Bohemia), Ustecky (Usti), Vysocina (Highlands), Zlinsky (Zlin)", "display": "13 regions ( kraje , singular - kraj ) and 1 capital city* ( hlavni mesto ); Jihocesky (South Bohemia), Jihomoravsky (South Moravia), Karlovarsky (Karlovy Vary), Kralovehradecky (…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, ESA, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC", "display": "Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, ESA, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, I…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "high-income, diversified EU economy; manufacturing-oriented exporter led by automotive industry; moderate growth driven by household consumption and investments, despite negative contribution from net exports; tight labor market with low unemployment; gained energy independence from Russian oil in April 2025", "display": "high-income, diversified EU economy; manufacturing-oriented exporter led by automotive industry; moderate growth driven by household consumption and investments, despite negative…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$521.928 billion (2024 est.) | $516.145 billion (2023 est.) | $516.431 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$521.928 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 521.928, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$48,000 (2024 est.) | $47,500 (2023 est.) | $48,400 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$48,000 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 48000.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "1.1% (2024 est.) | -0.1% (2023 est.) | 2.8% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "1.1% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.4% (2024 est.) | 10.7% (2023 est.) | 15.1% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "2.4% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.024, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.6% (2024 est.) | 2.6% (2023 est.) | 2.3% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "2.6% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.026000000000000002, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "motor vehicles, metallurgy, machinery and equipment, glass, armaments", "display": "motor vehicles, metallurgy, machinery and equipment, glass, armaments", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "wheat, sugar beets, milk, barley, rapeseed, potatoes, maize, triticale, pork, chicken (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "wheat, sugar beets, milk, barley, rapeseed, potatoes, maize, triticale, pork, chicken (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "cars, vehicle parts/accessories, broadcasting equipment, computers, plastic products (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "cars, vehicle parts/accessories, broadcasting equipment, computers, plastic products (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "broadcasting equipment, vehicle parts/accessories, cars, plastic products, computers (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "broadcasting equipment, vehicle parts/accessories, cars, plastic products, computers (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 86% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 86% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.86, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 4.1 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 38 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 4.1 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 4099999.9999999995, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 45.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | nuclear: 40.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 4.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 0.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 2.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 45.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "136.306 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "136.306 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "252 (2025)", "display": "252 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 9,548 km (2020) 3,242 km electrified", "display": "total: 9,548 km (2020) 3,242 km electrified", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "air and water pollution (including acid rain) in areas of northwest Bohemia and in northern Moravia around Ostrava; pollution from industry, mining, and agriculture", "display": "air and water pollution (including acid rain) in areas of northwest Bohemia and in northern Moravia around Ostrava; pollution from industry, mining, and agriculture", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "79.901 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 41.667 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 25.707 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 12.527 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "79.901 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "13.15 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "13.15 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 626 million cubic meters (2022) | industrial: 776 million cubic meters (2022) | agricultural: 44 million cubic meters (2022)", "display": "municipal: 626 million cubic meters (2022)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/czechia.json" }, { "entity_id": "denmark", "name": "Denmark", "source_code": "DK", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Europe", "roadmap_country": "Denmark", "coverage_region": "Europe", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 147, "published_fact_count": 51, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 6051491.0, "area_sq_km": 43094.0, "capital": "Copenhagen", "government_type": "parliamentary constitutional monarchy", "life_expectancy_years": 82.1, "urban_population_percent": 88.5, "internet_users_percent": 100.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 73700.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Once the seat of Viking raiders and later a major north European power, Denmark has evolved into a modern, prosperous nation that is part of the general political and economic integration of Europe. It joined NATO in 1949 and the EEC (now the EU) in 1973. The country has opted out of certain elements of the EU's Maastricht Treaty, including the European Economic and Monetary Union and justice and home affairs issues. a 2022 referendum resulted in the removal of Denmark's 30-year opt-out on defense issues, now allowing Denmark to participate fully in the EU's Common Security and Defense Policy.", "display": "Once the seat of Viking raiders and later a major north European power, Denmark has evolved into a modern, prosperous nation that is part of the general political and economic int…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1949 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, on a peninsula north of Germany (Jutland); also includes several major islands (Sjaelland, Fyn, and Bornholm)", "display": "Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, on a peninsula north of Germany (Jutland); also includes several major islands (Sjaelland, Fyn, and Bornholm)", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Europe", "display": "Europe", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 43,094 sq km | land: 42,434 sq km | water: 660 sq km | note: includes the island of Bornholm in the Baltic Sea and the rest of metropolitan Denmark (the Jutland Peninsula, and the major islands of Sjaelland and Fyn) but excludes the Faroe Islands and Greenland", "display": "total : 43,094 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 43094.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "7,314 km", "display": "7,314 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "low and flat to gently rolling plains", "display": "low and flat to gently rolling plains", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "temperate; humid and overcast; mild, windy winters and cool summers", "display": "temperate; humid and overcast; mild, windy winters and cool summers", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Store Mollehoj 171 m | lowest point: Lammefjord -7 m | mean elevation: 34 m", "display": "highest point: Store Mollehoj 171 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "flooding is a threat in some areas of the country (e.g., parts of Jutland, along the southern coast of the island of Lolland) that are protected from the sea by a system of dikes", "display": "flooding is a threat in some areas of the country (e.g., parts of Jutland, along the southern coast of the island of Lolland) that are protected from the sea by a system of dikes", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "petroleum, natural gas, fish, arable land, salt, limestone, chalk, stone, gravel and sand", "display": "petroleum, natural gas, fish, arable land, salt, limestone, chalk, stone, gravel and sand", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "population centers tend to be along coastal areas, particularly in Copenhagen and the eastern side of the country's mainland", "display": "population centers tend to be along coastal areas, particularly in Copenhagen and the eastern side of the country's mainland", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 6,051,491 (2025 est.) | male: 3,001,698 | female: 3,049,793", "display": "total: 6,051,491 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 6051491.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.64% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.64% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0064, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 88.5% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.54% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 88.5% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Danish, Faroese, Greenlandic (an Inuit dialect), German (small minority); note - English is the predominant second language | major-language sample(s): | Verdens Faktabog, den uundværlig kilde til grundlæggende oplysninger. (Danish) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Danish, Faroese, Greenlandic (an Inuit dialect), German (small minority); note - English is the predominant second language", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Evangelical Lutheran (official) 71.4%, Muslim 4.3%, other/none/unspecified (denominations include Roman Catholic, Jehovah's Witness, Serbian Orthodox Christian, Jewish, Baptist, Buddhist, Church of Jesus Christ, Pentecostal, and nondenominational Christian) 24.3% (2024 est.)", "display": "Evangelical Lutheran (official) 71.4%, Muslim 4.3%, other/none/unspecified (denominations include Roman Catholic, Jehovah's Witness, Serbian Orthodox Christian, Jewish, Baptist, B…", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 82.1 years (2024 est.) | male: 80.2 years | female: 84.1 years", "display": "total population: 82.1 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 82.1, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 42.2 years (2025 est.) | male: 41 years | female: 43.4 years", "display": "total: 42.2 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.381 million COPENHAGEN (capital) (2023)", "display": "1.381 million COPENHAGEN (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 18 years (2023 est.) | male: 18 years (2023 est.) | female: 19 years (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 18 years (2023 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Kingdom of Denmark | conventional short form: Denmark | local long form: Kongeriget Danmark | local short form: Danmark | etymology: the name derives from the words Dane , a tribal name with unclear Germanic origins, and mark , a Danish word that refers to a march (borderland)", "display": "conventional long form: Kingdom of Denmark", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Copenhagen | geographic coordinates: 55 40 N, 12 35 E | time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October; note - applies to continental Denmark only, not to its North Atlantic components | etymology: name derives from the Danish words køber (merchant or buyer) and havn (harbor or port)", "display": "name: Copenhagen", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary constitutional monarchy", "display": "parliamentary constitutional monarchy", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law; judicial review of legislative acts", "display": "civil law; judicial review of legislative acts", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: several previous; latest adopted 5 June 1953 | amendment process: proposed by the Folketing (Parliament) with consent of the government; passage requires approval by the next Folketing following a general election, approval by simple majority vote of at least 40% of voters in a referendum, and assent of the chief of state", "display": "history: several previous; latest adopted 5 June 1953", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1953 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "metropolitan Denmark - 5 regions ( regioner , singular - region ); Hovedstaden (Capital), Midtjylland (Central Jutland), Nordjylland (North Jutland), Sjaelland (Zealand), Syddanmark (Southern Denmark)", "display": "metropolitan Denmark - 5 regions ( regioner , singular - region ); Hovedstaden (Capital), Midtjylland (Central Jutland), Nordjylland (North Jutland), Sjaelland (Zealand), Syddanma…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-9, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, 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workers and higher retirement age", "display": "high-income, EU-member, trade-oriented Nordic economy; growth driven by pharmaceuticals, energy, and services; large share of employment in public sector; fixed exchange rate pegg…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$440.558 billion (2024 est.) | $424.937 billion (2023 est.) | $414.592 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$440.558 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 440.558, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$73,700 (2024 est.) | $71,500 (2023 est.) | $70,200 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$73,700 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 73700.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3.7% (2024 est.) | 2.5% (2023 est.) | 1.5% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "3.7% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "1.4% (2024 est.) | 3.3% (2023 est.) | 7.7% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "1.4% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.013999999999999999, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "5.6% (2024 est.) | 5.1% (2023 est.) | 4.5% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "5.6% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.055999999999999994, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "wind turbines, pharmaceuticals, medical equipment, shipbuilding and refurbishment, iron, steel, nonferrous metals, chemicals, food processing, machinery and transportation equipment, textiles and clothing, electronics, construction, furniture and other wood products", "display": "wind turbines, pharmaceuticals, medical equipment, shipbuilding and refurbishment, iron, steel, nonferrous metals, chemicals, food processing, machinery and transportation equipme…", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "milk, wheat, potatoes, barley, sugar beets, pork, rapeseed, rye, oats, chicken (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "milk, wheat, potatoes, barley, sugar beets, pork, rapeseed, rye, oats, chicken (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "packaged medicine, fish, vaccines, refined petroleum, pork (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "packaged medicine, fish, vaccines, refined petroleum, pork (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "natural gas, cars, garments, packaged medicine, refined petroleum (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "natural gas, cars, garments, packaged medicine, refined petroleum (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 100% (2024 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 100% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 1.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 2.65 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 44 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 2.65 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 2650000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 11.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 9.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 57.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 21.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 11.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "98.513 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "98.513 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "102 (2025)", "display": "102 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 69 (2024) | large: 1 | medium: 2 | small: 30 | very small: 36 | ports with oil terminals: 33 | key ports: Abenra, Alborg, Arhus, Assens, Augustenborg, Bandholm, Esbjerg, Faborg, Fredericia, Frederikshavn, Haderslev, Holstebro-Stuer, Kalundborg, Kobenhavn, Kolding, Korsor, Marstal, Middelfart, Naestved, Nakskov, Nyborg, Nykobing, Odense, Randers, Ronne, Rudkobing, Sakskobing, Skagen Havn, Sonderborg, Stubbekobing, Studstrup, Svendborg, Vejle", "display": "total ports: 69 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 2,682 km (2020) 876 km electrified", "display": "total: 2,682 km (2020) 876 km electrified", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 715 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 15, container ship 132, general cargo 69, oil tanker 107, other 392", "display": "total: 715 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "air pollution, principally from vehicle and power-plant emissions; nitrogen and phosphorus pollution of the North Sea; water pollution from animal wastes and pesticides", "display": "air pollution, principally from vehicle and power-plant emissions; nitrogen and phosphorus pollution of the North Sea; water pollution from animal wastes and pesticides", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "29.915 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 2.54 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 22.535 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 4.841 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "29.915 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "6 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "6 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 382.787 million cubic meters (2022) | industrial: 45.076 million cubic meters (2022) | agricultural: 506.487 million cubic meters (2022)", "display": "municipal: 382.787 million cubic meters (2022)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: Antarctic-Environmental Protection", "display": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/denmark.json" }, { "entity_id": "dhekelia", "name": "Dhekelia", "source_code": "DX", "source_entity_class": "dependency-or-territory", "source_region": "Middle East", "roadmap_country": null, "coverage_region": null, "roadmap_status": "additional", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 38, "published_fact_count": 13, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy" ], "summary": { "population": 15500.0, "area_sq_km": 131.0, "capital": "Episkopi Cantonment (base administrative center for Akrotiri and Dhekelia); located in Akrotiri", "government_type": null, "life_expectancy_years": null, "urban_population_percent": null, "internet_users_percent": null, "electricity_access_percent": null, "gdp_per_capita_usd": null, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": null, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "By terms of the 1960 Treaty of Establishment that created the independent Republic of Cyprus, the UK retained full sovereignty and jurisdiction over two areas of almost 254 square kilometers -- Akrotiri and Dhekelia. The larger of these is the Dhekelia Sovereign Base Area, which is also referred to as the Eastern Sovereign Base Area.", "display": "By terms of the 1960 Treaty of Establishment that created the independent Republic of Cyprus, the UK retained full sovereignty and jurisdiction over two areas of almost 254 square…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1960 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Eastern Mediterranean, on the southeast coast of Cyprus near Famagusta", "display": "Eastern Mediterranean, on the southeast coast of Cyprus near Famagusta", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Middle East", "display": "Middle East", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total: 131 sq km | note: area surrounds three Cypriot enclaves", "display": "total: 131 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 131.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "27.5 km", "display": "27.5 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters", "display": "temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "approximately 15,500 on the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia including 9,700 Cypriots and 5,800 Service and UK-based contract personnel and dependents", "display": "approximately 15,500 on the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia including 9,700 Cypriots and 5,800 Service and UK-based contract personnel and dependents", "source_field": "Population", "value": 15500.0, "estimate_year": null }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "English, Greek | major-language sample(s): | Το Παγκόσμιο Βιβλίο Δεδομένων, η απαραίτητη πηγή βασικών πληροφοριών. (Greek) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "English, Greek", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: none | conventional short form: Dhekelia", "display": "conventional long form: none", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Episkopi Cantonment (base administrative center for Akrotiri and Dhekelia); located in Akrotiri | geographic coordinates: 34 40 N, 32 51 E | time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October | etymology: \"Episkopi\" means \"episcopal\" in Greek and stems from the fact that the site previously served as the bishop's seat of an Orthodox diocese", "display": "name: Episkopi Cantonment (base administrative center for Akrotiri and Dhekelia); located in Akrotiri", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "laws applicable to the Cypriot population are, as far as possible, the same as the laws of the Republic of Cyprus; note - the Sovereign Base Area Administration has its own court system to deal with civil and criminal matters", "display": "laws applicable to the Cypriot population are, as far as possible, the same as the laws of the Republic of Cyprus; note - the Sovereign Base Area Administration has its own court…", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: presented 3 August 1960, effective 16 August 1960 (The Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia Order in Council 1960, serves as a basic legal document); amended 1966", "display": "history: presented 3 August 1960, effective 16 August 1960 (The Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia Order in Council 1960, serves as a basic legal document); amended 1966", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1960 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "none", "display": "none", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/dhekelia.json" }, { "entity_id": "djibouti", "name": "Djibouti", "source_code": "DJ", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Africa", "roadmap_country": "Djibouti", "coverage_region": "Africa", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 141, "published_fact_count": 50, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 1013703.0, "area_sq_km": 23200.0, "capital": "Djibouti", "government_type": "presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 65.9, "urban_population_percent": 78.6, "internet_users_percent": 65.0, "electricity_access_percent": 65.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 6800.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Present-day Djibouti was the site of the medieval Ifat and Adal Sultanates. In the late 19th century, the Afar sultans signed treaties with the French that allowed the latter to establish the colony of French Somaliland in 1862. The French signed additional treaties with the ethnic Somali in 1885. | Tension between the ethnic Afar and Somali populations increased over time, as the ethnic Somalis perceived that the French unfairly favored the Afar and gave them disproportionate influence in local governance. In 1958, the French held a referendum that provided residents of French Somaliland the option to either continue their association with France or to join neighboring Somalia as it established its independence. Ethnic Somali protested the vote, because French colonial leaders did not recognize many Somali as residents, which gave the Afar outsized influence in the decision to uphold ties with France. After a second referendum in 1967, the French changed the territory’s name to the French Territory of the Afars and the Issas, in part to underscore their relationship with the ethnic Afar and downplay the significance of the ethnic Somalis. A final referendum in 1977 established Djibouti as an independent nation and granted ethnic Somalis Djiboutian nationality, formally resetting the balance of power between the majority ethnic Somalis and minority ethnic Afar residents. Upon independence, the country was named after its capital city of Djibouti. Hassan Gouled APTIDON, an ethnic Somali leader, installed an authoritarian one-party state and served as president until 1999. Unrest between the Afar minority and Somali majority culminated in a civil war during the 1990s that ended in 2001 with a peace accord between Afar rebels and the Somali Issa-dominated government. In 1999, Djibouti's first multiparty presidential election resulted in the election of Ismail Omar GUELLEH as president; he was reelected to a second term in 2005 and extended his tenure in office via a constitutional amendment, which allowed him to serve his third and fourth terms, and to begin a fifth term in 2021. | Djibouti occupies a strategic geographic location at the intersection of the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden. Its ports handle 95% of Ethiopia’s trade. Djibouti’s ports also service transshipments between Europe, the Middle East, and Asia. The government has longstanding ties to France, which maintains a military presence in the country, as do the US, Japan, Italy, Germany, Spain, and China.", "display": "Present-day Djibouti was the site of the medieval Ifat and Adal Sultanates. In the late 19th century, the Afar sultans signed treaties with the French that allowed the latter to e…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1958 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Eastern Africa, bordering the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea, between Eritrea and Somalia", "display": "Eastern Africa, bordering the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea, between Eritrea and Somalia", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Africa", "display": "Africa", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 23,200 sq km | land: 23,180 sq km | water: 20 sq km", "display": "total : 23,200 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 23200.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "314 km", "display": "314 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "coastal plain and plateau separated by central mountains", "display": "coastal plain and plateau separated by central mountains", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "desert; torrid, dry", "display": "desert; torrid, dry", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Moussa Ali 2,021 m | lowest point: Lac Assal -155 m | mean elevation: 430 m", "display": "highest point: Moussa Ali 2,021 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "earthquakes; droughts; occasional cyclonic disturbances from the Indian Ocean bring heavy rains and flash floods | volcanism: experiences limited volcanic activity; Ardoukoba (298 m) last erupted in 1978; Manda-Inakir, located along the Ethiopian border, is also historically active", "display": "earthquakes; droughts; occasional cyclonic disturbances from the Indian Ocean bring heavy rains and flash floods", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1978 }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "potential geothermal power, gold, clay, granite, limestone, marble, salt, diatomite, gypsum, pumice, petroleum", "display": "potential geothermal power, gold, clay, granite, limestone, marble, salt, diatomite, gypsum, pumice, petroleum", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "most densely populated areas are in the east; the largest city is Djibouti, and the other cities in the country are a fraction of its size, as shown in this population distribution map", "display": "most densely populated areas are in the east; the largest city is Djibouti, and the other cities in the country are a fraction of its size, as shown in this population distributio…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 1,013,703 (2025 est.) | male: 458,988 | female: 554,715", "display": "total: 1,013,703 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 1013703.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.84% (2025 est.)", "display": "1.84% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0184, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 78.6% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 1.56% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 78.6% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "French (official), Arabic (official), Somali, Afar", "display": "French (official), Arabic (official), Somali, Afar", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Sunni Muslim 94% (nearly all Djiboutians), other 6% (mainly foreign-born residents - Shia Muslim, Christian, Hindu, Jewish, Baha'i, and atheist)", "display": "Sunni Muslim 94% (nearly all Djiboutians), other 6% (mainly foreign-born residents - Shia Muslim, Christian, Hindu, Jewish, Baha'i, and atheist)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 65.9 years (2024 est.) | male: 63.4 years | female: 68.5 years", "display": "total population: 65.9 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 65.9, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 26.7 years (2025 est.) | male: 24.4 years | female: 27.9 years", "display": "total: 26.7 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "600,000 DJIBOUTI (capital) (2023)", "display": "600,000 DJIBOUTI (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Djibouti | conventional short form: Djibouti | local long form: République de Djibouti (French)/ Jumhuriyat Jibuti (Arabic) | local short form: Djibouti (French)/ Jibuti (Arabic) | former: French Somaliland, French Territory of the Afars and Issas | 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"legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "mixed system based primarily on the French civil code (as it existed in 1997), Islamic religious law (in matters of family law and successions), and customary law", "display": "mixed system based primarily on the French civil code (as it existed in 1997), Islamic religious law (in matters of family law and successions), and customary law", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1997 }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: approved by referendum 4 September 1992 | amendment process: proposed by the president of the republic or by the National Assembly; Assembly consideration of proposals requires assent of at least one third of the membership; passage requires a simple majority vote by the Assembly and approval by simple majority vote in a referendum; the president can opt to bypass a referendum if adopted by at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly; constitutional articles on the sovereignty of Djibouti, its republican form of government, and its pluralist form of democracy cannot be amended", "display": "history: approved by referendum 4 September 1992", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1992 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "6 districts ( cercles , singular - cercle ); Ali Sabieh, Arta, Dikhil, Djibouti, Obock, Tadjourah", "display": "6 districts ( cercles , singular - cercle ); Ali Sabieh, Arta, Dikhil, Djibouti, Obock, Tadjourah", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, ATMIS, AU, CAEU (candidates), COMESA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, MINURSO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, ATMIS, AU, CAEU (candidates), COMESA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITU, ITUC…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "food import-dependent Horn of Africa economy driven by various national military bases and port-based trade; fairly resilient from COVID-19 disruptions; major re-exporter; increasing Ethiopian and Chinese trade 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6800.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "6% (2024 est.) | 7.4% (2023 est.) | 5.2% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "6% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.1% (2024 est.) | 1.5% (2023 est.) | 5.2% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "2.1% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.021, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "25.9% (2024 est.) | 26.2% (2023 est.) | 26.4% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "25.9% (2024 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"Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "raw sugar, seed oils, cars, palm oil, rice (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "raw sugar, seed oils, cars, palm oil, rice (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, palm oil, fertilizers, cars, seed oils (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, palm oil, fertilizers, cars, seed oils (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 65% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 65% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.65, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 17,000 (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 17,000 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 17000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 65% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 72.8% | electrification - rural areas: 36.6%", "display": "electrification - total population: 65% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 65.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 0.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 34.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 65.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "10.428 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "10.428 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "10 (2025)", "display": "10 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 2 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 2 | very small: 0 | ports with oil terminals: 2 | key ports: Djibouti, Doraleh", "display": "total ports: 2 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 97 km (2017) (Djibouti segment of the 756 km Addis Ababa-Djibouti railway) | standard gauge: 97 km (2017) 1.435-m gauge", "display": "total: 97 km (2017) (Djibouti segment of the 756 km Addis Ababa-Djibouti railway)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2017 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 40 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 1, container ship 1, general cargo 4, oil tanker 13, other 21", "display": "total: 40 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "inadequate supplies of potable water; water pollution; limited arable land; deforestation (forests threatened by agriculture and the use of wood for fuel); desertification; endangered species", "display": "inadequate supplies of potable water; water pollution; limited arable land; deforestation (forests threatened by agriculture and the use of wood for fuel); desertification; endang…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "685,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 45,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 640,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "685,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "300 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "300 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 16 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 0 cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 3 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 16 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardo…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/djibouti.json" }, { "entity_id": "dominica", "name": "Dominica", "source_code": "DM", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Central America and the Caribbean", "roadmap_country": "Dominica", "coverage_region": "Americas", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 121, "published_fact_count": 48, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 74661.0, "area_sq_km": 751.0, "capital": "Roseau", "government_type": "parliamentary republic", "life_expectancy_years": 78.7, "urban_population_percent": 72.0, "internet_users_percent": 84.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 18700.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Dominica was the last of the Caribbean islands to be colonized by Europeans, due chiefly to the fierce resistance of the native Caribs. France ceded possession to Britain in 1763, and Dominica became a British colony in 1805. Slavery ended in 1833, and in 1835, the first three men of African descent were elected to the legislative assembly of Dominica. In 1871, Dominica became first part of the British Leeward Islands and then the British Windward Islands until 1958. In 1967, Dominica became an associated state of the UK, formally taking responsibility for its internal affairs, and the country gained its independence in 1978. In 1980, Dominica's fortunes improved when Mary Eugenia CHARLES -- the first female prime minister in the Caribbean -- replaced a corrupt and tyrannical administration, and she served for the next 15 years. In 2017, Hurricane Maria passed over the island, causing extensive damage to structures, roads, communications, and the power supply, and largely destroying critical agricultural areas.", "display": "Dominica was the last of the Caribbean islands to be colonized by Europeans, due chiefly to the fierce resistance of the native Caribs. France ceded possession to Britain in 1763,…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1958 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, about halfway between Puerto Rico and Trinidad and Tobago", "display": "Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, about halfway between Puerto Rico and Trinidad and Tobago", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Central America and the Caribbean", "display": "Central America and the Caribbean", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 751 sq km | land: 751 sq km | water: NEGL", "display": "total : 751 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 751.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "148 km", "display": "148 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "rugged mountains of volcanic origin", "display": "rugged mountains of volcanic origin", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds; heavy rainfall", "display": "tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds; heavy rainfall", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Morne Diablotins 1,447 m | lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m", "display": "highest point: Morne Diablotins 1,447 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "flash floods are a constant threat; destructive hurricanes can be expected during the late summer months | volcanism: Dominica lies in the middle of the volcanic-island arc of the Lesser Antilles that extends from the island of Saba in the north to Grenada in the south; of the 16 volcanoes that make up this arc, five are located on Dominica, more than any other island in the Caribbean: Morne aux Diables (861 m), Morne Diablotins (1,430 m), Morne Trois Pitons (1,387 m), Watt Mountain (1,224 m), which last erupted in 1997, and Morne Plat Pays (940 m); the two best-known volcanic features on Dominica, the Valley of Desolation and the Boiling Lake thermal areas, lie on the flanks of Watt Mountain, and both are popular tourist destinations", "display": "flash floods are a constant threat; destructive hurricanes can be expected during the late summer months", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1997 }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "timber, hydropower, arable land", "display": "timber, hydropower, arable land", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "population is mostly clustered along the coast, with roughly a third living in the parish of St. George, in or around the capital of Roseau; the volcanic interior is sparsely populated", "display": "population is mostly clustered along the coast, with roughly a third living in the parish of St. George, 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"display": "urban population: 72% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "English (official), French patois", "display": "English (official), French patois", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Roman Catholic 52.7%, Protestant 29.7% (includes Seventh Day Adventist 6.7%, Pentecostal 6.1%, Baptist 5.2%, Christian Union Church 3.9%, Methodist 2.6%, Gospel Mission 2.1%, other Protestant 3.1%), Jehovah's Witness 1.3%, Rastafarian 1.1%, other 4.3%, none 9.4%, unspecified 1.4% (2011 est.)", "display": "Roman Catholic 52.7%, Protestant 29.7% (includes Seventh Day Adventist 6.7%, Pentecostal 6.1%, Baptist 5.2%, Christian Union Church 3.9%, Methodist 2.6%, Gospel 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(2018)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Commonwealth of Dominica | conventional short form: Dominica | etymology: the island was named by explorer Christopher COLUMBUS for the day of the week on which he spotted it, Sunday ( Domingo in Spanish, dominica dies in Latin), 3 November 1493", "display": "conventional long form: Commonwealth of Dominica", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Roseau | geographic coordinates: 15 18 N, 61 24 W | time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: the name is French for \"reed;\" the first settlement was named after the river reeds that grew in the area", "display": "name: Roseau", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary republic", "display": "parliamentary republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "common law based on the English model", "display": "common law based on the English model", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: previous 1967 (pre-independence); latest presented 25 July 1978, entered into force 3 November 1978 | amendment process: proposed by the House of Assembly; passage of amendments to constitutional sections such as fundamental rights and freedoms, the government structure, and constitutional amendment procedures requires approval by three fourths of the Assembly membership in the final reading of the amendment bill, approval by simple majority in a referendum, and assent of the president", "display": "history: previous 1967 (pre-independence); latest presented 25 July 1978, entered into force 3 November 1978", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1967 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "10 parishes; Saint Andrew, Saint David, Saint George, Saint John, Saint Joseph, Saint Luke, Saint Mark, Saint Patrick, Saint Paul, Saint Peter", "display": "10 parishes; Saint Andrew, Saint David, Saint George, Saint John, Saint Joseph, Saint Luke, Saint Mark, Saint Patrick, Saint Paul, Saint Peter", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACP, ACS, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CD, CDB, CELAC, Commonwealth of Nations, ECCU, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OAS, OECS, OIF, OPANAL, OPCW, Petrocaribe, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ACP, ACS, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CD, CDB, CELAC, Commonwealth of Nations, ECCU, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspond…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "highly agrarian OECS island economy; ECCU-member state; large banana exporter; improved oversight of its citizenship-by-investment program; emerging ecotourism, information and communications, and education industries", "display": "highly agrarian OECS island economy; ECCU-member state; large banana exporter; improved oversight of its citizenship-by-investment program; emerging ecotourism, information and co…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$1.241 billion (2024 est.) | $1.216 billion (2023 est.) | $1.173 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$1.241 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 1.241, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$18,700 (2024 est.) | $18,300 (2023 est.) | $17,600 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$18,700 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 18700.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.1% (2024 est.) | 3.7% (2023 est.) | 10.4% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "2.1% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.6% (2024 est.) | 5.1% (2023 est.) | 2.9% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "2.6% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.026000000000000002, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": 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commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "iron blocks, medical instruments, excavation machinery, power equipment, soap (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, ships, plastic products, semi-finished iron, cars (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, ships, plastic products, semi-finished iron, cars (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 84% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 84% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.84, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 14,000 (2022 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 21 (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 14,000 (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 14000.0, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 84.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 0.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 15% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 84.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "36.395 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "36.395 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "2 (2025)", "display": "2 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 2 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 0 | very small: 2 | ports with oil terminals: 1 | key ports: Portsmouth, Roseau", "display": "total ports: 2 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 77 (2023) | by type: general cargo 26, oil tanker 10, other 41", "display": "total: 77 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "pollution from agrochemicals and from untreated sewage; forests endangered by the expansion of farming; soil erosion; pollution of the coastal zone from agricultural/industrial chemicals and untreated sewage", "display": "pollution from agrochemicals and from untreated sewage; forests endangered by the expansion of farming; soil erosion; pollution of the coastal zone from agricultural/industrial ch…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "168,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 168,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "168,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "200 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "200 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 19 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 0 cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 1 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 19 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous W…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/dominica.json" }, { "entity_id": "dominican-republic", "name": "Dominican Republic", "source_code": "DO", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Central America and the Caribbean", "roadmap_country": "Dominican Republic", "coverage_region": "Americas", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 149, "published_fact_count": 52, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 10899292.0, "area_sq_km": 48670.0, "capital": "Santo Domingo", "government_type": "presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 72.6, "urban_population_percent": 84.4, "internet_users_percent": 85.0, "electricity_access_percent": 98.1, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 24200.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "The Taino -- indigenous inhabitants of Hispaniola prior to the arrival of Europeans -- divided the island now known as the Dominican Republic and Haiti into five chiefdoms and territories. Christopher COLUMBUS explored and claimed the island on his first voyage in 1492; it became a springboard for Spanish conquest of the Caribbean and the American mainland. In 1697, Spain recognized French dominion over the western third of the island, which in 1804 became Haiti. The remainder of the island, by then known as Santo Domingo, sought to gain its own independence in 1821, but the Haitians conquered and ruled it for 22 years; it finally attained independence as the Dominican Republic in 1844. In 1861, the Dominicans voluntarily returned to the Spanish Empire, but two years later, they launched a war that restored independence in 1865. | A legacy of unsettled and mostly non-representative rule followed, capped by the dictatorship of Rafael Leonidas TRUJILLO from 1930 to 1961. Juan BOSCH was elected president in 1962 but was deposed in a military coup in 1963. In 1965, the US led an intervention in the midst of a civil war sparked by an uprising to restore BOSCH. In 1966, Joaquin BALAGUER defeated BOSCH in the presidential election. BALAGUER maintained a tight grip on power for most of the next 30 years, until international reaction to flawed elections forced him to curtail his term in 1996. Since then, regular competitive elections have been held.", "display": "The Taino -- indigenous inhabitants of Hispaniola prior to the arrival of Europeans -- divided the island now known as the Dominican Republic and Haiti into five chiefdoms and ter…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1930 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Caribbean, eastern two-thirds of the island of Hispaniola, between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east of Haiti", "display": "Caribbean, eastern two-thirds of the island of Hispaniola, between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east of Haiti", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Central America and the Caribbean", "display": "Central America and the Caribbean", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 48,670 sq km | land: 48,320 sq km | water: 350 sq km", "display": "total : 48,670 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 48670.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "1,288 km", "display": "1,288 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "rugged highlands and mountains interspersed with fertile valleys", "display": "rugged highlands and mountains interspersed with fertile valleys", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical maritime; little seasonal temperature variation; seasonal variation in rainfall", "display": "tropical maritime; little seasonal temperature variation; seasonal variation in rainfall", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Pico Duarte 3,098 m | lowest point: Lago Enriquillo -46 m | mean elevation: 424 m", "display": "highest point: Pico Duarte 3,098 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to severe storms from June to October; occasional flooding; periodic droughts", "display": "lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to severe storms from June to October; occasional flooding; periodic droughts", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "nickel, bauxite, gold, silver, arable land", "display": "nickel, bauxite, gold, silver, arable land", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "coastal development is significant, especially in the southern coastal plains and the Cibao Valley, where population density is highest; smaller population clusters exist in the interior mountains (Cordillera Central)", "display": "coastal development is significant, especially in the southern coastal plains and the Cibao Valley, where population density is highest; smaller population clusters exist in the i…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 10,899,292 (2025 est.) | male: 5,506,679 | female: 5,392,613", "display": "total: 10,899,292 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 10899292.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.78% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.78% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0078000000000000005, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 84.4% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 1.64% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 84.4% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Spanish (official) | major-language sample(s): | La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Spanish (official)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Evangelical 50.2%, Roman Catholic 30.1%, none 18.5%, unspecified 1.2% (2023 est.)", "display": "Evangelical 50.2%, Roman Catholic 30.1%, none 18.5%, unspecified 1.2% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 72.6 years (2024 est.) | male: 71 years | female: 74.3 years", "display": "total population: 72.6 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 72.6, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 29.6 years (2025 est.) | male: 29.1 years | female: 29.4 years", "display": "total: 29.6 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "3.524 million SANTO DOMINGO (capital) (2023)", "display": "3.524 million SANTO DOMINGO (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 94% (2024 est.) | male: 93.6% (2024 est.) | female: 94.4% (2024 est.)", "display": "total population: 94% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 14 years (2022 est.) | male: 13 years (2022 est.) | female: 15 years (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 14 years (2022 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Dominican Republic | conventional short form: The Dominican | local long form: República Dominicana | local short form: La Dominicana | former: Santo Domingo (the capital city's name formerly applied to the entire country) | etymology: the name is a latinized form of the Spanish term Santo Domingo , meaning \"holy Sunday;\" Spanish explorers originally settled the island on a Sunday in 1496, and the name was first given to the island of Hispaniola as a whole in 1697", "display": "conventional long form: Dominican Republic", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Santo Domingo | geographic coordinates: 18 28 N, 69 54 W | time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: named after Saint Domingo de GUZMAN (1170-1221), founder of the Dominican Order; the city's full name was originally Santo Domingo de Guzman", "display": "name: Santo Domingo", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "presidential republic", "display": "presidential republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law system based on the French civil code; Criminal Procedures Code modified in 2004 to include important elements of an accusatory system", "display": "civil law system based on the French civil code; Criminal Procedures Code modified in 2004 to include important elements of an accusatory system", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2004 }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: many previous (38 total); latest proclaimed 13 June 2015 | amendment process: proposed by a special session of the National Congress called the National Revisory Assembly; passage requires at least two-thirds majority approval by at least one half of those present in both houses of the Assembly; passage of amendments to constitutional articles, such as fundamental rights and guarantees, territorial composition, nationality, or the procedures for constitutional reform, also requires approval in a referendum", "display": "history: many previous (38 total); latest proclaimed 13 June 2015", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2015 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "31 provinces ( provincias , singular - provincia ), 1 district* ( distrito ); Azua, Baoruco, Barahona, Dajabón, Distrito Nacional*, Duarte, Elías Piña, El Seibo, Espaillat, Hato Mayor, Hermanas Mirabal, Independencia, La Altagracia, La Romana, La Vega, María Trinidad Sánchez, Monseñor Nouel, Monte Cristi, Monte Plata, Pedernales, Peravia, Puerto Plata, Samaná, Sánchez Ramírez, San Cristóbal, San José de Ocoa, San Juan, San Pedro de Macorís, Santiago, Santiago Rodríguez, Santo Domingo, Valverde", "display": "31 provinces ( provincias , singular - provincia ), 1 district* ( distrito ); Azua, Baoruco, Barahona, Dajabón, Distrito Nacional*, Duarte, Elías Piña, El Seibo, Espaillat, Hato M…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACP, ACS, AOSIS, BCIE, Caricom (observer), CD, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA, MIGA, MINUSMA, NAM, OAS, OIF (observer), OPANAL, OPCW, Pacific Alliance (observer), PCA, Petrocaribe, SICA (associated member), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHRC, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ACP, ACS, AOSIS, BCIE, Caricom (observer), CD, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "surging middle-income tourism, construction, mining, and telecommunications OECS economy; major foreign US direct investment and free-trade zones; developing local financial markets; improving debt management; declining poverty", "display": "surging middle-income tourism, construction, mining, and telecommunications OECS economy; major foreign US direct investment and free-trade zones; developing local financial marke…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$276.884 billion (2024 est.) | $263.82 billion (2023 est.) | $258.16 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$276.884 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 276.884, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$24,200 (2024 est.) | $23,300 (2023 est.) | $23,000 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$24,200 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 24200.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "5% (2024 est.) | 2.2% (2023 est.) | 5.2% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "5% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3.3% (2024 est.) | 4.8% (2023 est.) | 8.8% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "3.3% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.033, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "5.5% (2024 est.) | 5.6% (2023 est.) | 5.6% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "5.5% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.055, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "tourism, sugar processing, gold mining, textiles, cement, tobacco, electrical components, medical devices", "display": "tourism, sugar processing, gold mining, textiles, cement, tobacco, electrical components, medical devices", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "sugarcane, bananas, papayas, plantains, avocados, rice, milk, watermelons, vegetables, pineapples (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "sugarcane, bananas, papayas, plantains, avocados, rice, milk, watermelons, vegetables, pineapples (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "medical instruments, tobacco, gold, garments, power equipment (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "medical instruments, tobacco, gold, garments, power equipment (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, cars, natural gas, plastic products, crude petroleum (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, cars, natural gas, plastic products, crude petroleum (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 85% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 85% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.85, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 1.26 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 11 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 1.26 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 1260000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 98.1% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 98.8% | electrification - rural areas: 95%", "display": "electrification - total population: 98.1% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 82.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 5.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 4.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 0.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 82.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "39.329 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "39.329 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "32 (2025)", "display": "32 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 17 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 2 | small: 7 | very small: 6 | size unknown: 2 | ports with oil terminals: 7 | key ports: Andres (Andres Lng Terminal), Las Calderas, Puerto de Haina, Puerto Plata, Punta Nizao Oil Terminal, San Pedro de Macoris, Santa Barbara de Samana, Santa Cruz de Barahona, Santo Domingo", "display": "total ports: 17 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 496 km (2014) | standard gauge: 354 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge | narrow gauge: 142 km (2014) 0.762-m gauge", "display": "total: 496 km (2014)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2014 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 40 (2023) | by type: container ship 1, general cargo 2, oil tanker 1, other 36", "display": "total: 40 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "soil eroding into the sea damages coral reefs; deforestation", "display": "soil eroding into the sea damages coral reefs; deforestation", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "29.713 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 5.374 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 19.872 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 4.467 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "29.713 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "23.5 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "23.5 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 855 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 659.9 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 7.563 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 855 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardo…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/dominican-republic.json" }, { "entity_id": "ecuador", "name": "Ecuador", "source_code": "EC", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "South America", "roadmap_country": "Ecuador", "coverage_region": "Americas", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 152, "published_fact_count": 52, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 18479841.0, "area_sq_km": 283561.0, "capital": "Quito", "government_type": "presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 74.9, "urban_population_percent": 64.8, "internet_users_percent": 77.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 13900.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "What is now Ecuador formed part of the northern Inca Empire until the Spanish conquest in 1533. Quito -- the traditional name for the area -- became a seat of Spanish colonial government in 1563 and part of the Viceroyalty of New Granada in 1717. The territories of the Viceroyalty -- New Granada (Colombia), Venezuela, and Quito -- gained their independence between 1819 and 1822 and formed a federation known as Gran Colombia. When Quito withdrew to become an independent republic in 1830, the traditional name was changed to the \"Republic of the Equator.\" Between 1904 and 1942, Ecuador lost territories in a series of conflicts with its neighbors. A border war with Peru that flared in 1995 was resolved in 1999. Although Ecuador has had nearly 50 years of civilian governance, the period has been marked by political instability.", "display": "What is now Ecuador formed part of the northern Inca Empire until the Spanish conquest in 1533. Quito -- the traditional name for the area -- became a seat of Spanish colonial gov…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1904 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Western South America, bordering the Pacific Ocean at the Equator, between Colombia and Peru", "display": "Western South America, bordering the Pacific Ocean at the Equator, between Colombia and Peru", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "South America", "display": "South America", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 283,561 sq km | land: 276,841 sq km | water: 6,720 sq km | note: includes Galapagos Islands", "display": "total : 283,561 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 283561.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "2,237 km", "display": "2,237 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "coastal plain (costa), inter-Andean central highlands (sierra), and flat to rolling eastern jungle (oriente)", "display": "coastal plain (costa), inter-Andean central highlands (sierra), and flat to rolling eastern jungle (oriente)", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical along coast, becoming cooler inland at higher elevations; tropical in Amazonian jungle lowlands", "display": "tropical along coast, becoming cooler inland at higher elevations; tropical in Amazonian jungle lowlands", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Chimborazo 6,267 | lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m | mean elevation: 1,117 m | note: because the earth is not a perfect sphere and has an equatorial bulge, the highest point on the planet farthest from its center is Mount Chimborazo not Mount Everest, which is merely the highest peak above sea level", "display": "highest point: Chimborazo 6,267", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "frequent earthquakes; landslides; volcanic activity; floods; periodic droughts | volcanism: volcanic activity concentrated along the Andes Mountains; Sangay (5,230 m) is mainland Ecuador's most active volcano; other historically active volcanoes in the Andes include Antisana, Cayambe, Chacana, Cotopaxi, Guagua Pichincha, Reventador, Sumaco, and Tungurahua; Fernandina (1,476 m), a shield volcano, is the most active of the many Galapagos volcanoes; other historically active Galapagos volcanoes include Wolf, Sierra Negra, Cerro Azul, Pinta, Marchena, and Santiago", "display": "frequent earthquakes; landslides; volcanic activity; floods; periodic droughts", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "petroleum, fish, timber, hydropower", "display": "petroleum, fish, timber, hydropower", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "nearly half of the population is concentrated in the interior, with large concentrations also found along the western coastal strip; the rainforests of the east remain sparsely populated", "display": "nearly half of the population is concentrated in the interior, with large concentrations also found along the western coastal strip; the rainforests of the east remain sparsely po…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 18,479,841 (2025 est.) | male: 9,097,614 | female: 9,382,227", "display": "total: 18,479,841 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 18479841.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.91% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.91% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0091, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 64.8% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 1.62% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 64.8% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Spanish (Castilian; official) 98.6%, indigenous 3.9% (Quechua 3.2%, other indigenous 0.7%), foreign 2.8%, other 0.6% (includes Ecuadorian sign language) (2022 est.) | major-language sample(s): | La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. | note 1: shares sum to more than 100% because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census | note 2: Quechua and Shuar are official languages of intercultural relations; other indigenous languages are in official use by indigenous peoples in the areas they inhabit", "display": "Spanish (Castilian; official) 98.6%, indigenous 3.9% (Quechua 3.2%, other indigenous 0.7%), foreign 2.8%, other 0.6% (includes Ecuadorian sign language) (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Roman Catholic 68.2%, Protestant 19% (Evangelical 18.3%, Adventist 0.6%, other Protestant 0.2%), Jehovah's Witness 1.4%, other 2.3%, none 8.2% don't know/no response 1% (2023 est.)", "display": "Roman Catholic 68.2%, Protestant 19% (Evangelical 18.3%, Adventist 0.6%, other Protestant 0.2%), Jehovah's Witness 1.4%, other 2.3%, none 8.2% don't know/no response 1% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 74.9 years (2024 est.) | male: 69.7 years | female: 80.4 years", "display": "total population: 74.9 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 74.9, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 28.2 years (2025 est.) | male: 27 years | female: 28.9 years", "display": "total: 28.2 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "3.142 million Guayaquil, 1.957 million QUITO (capital) (2023)", "display": "3.142 million Guayaquil, 1.957 million QUITO (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 96.3% (2022 est.) | male: 96.8% (2022 est.) | female: 95.7% (2022 est.)", "display": "total population: 96.3% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 15 years (2022 est.) | male: 14 years (2022 est.) | female: 15 years (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 15 years (2022 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Ecuador | conventional short form: Ecuador | local long form: República del Ecuador | local short form: Ecuador | former: Quito | etymology: the name is the Spanish word for \"equator,\" referring to its geographic position", "display": "conventional long form: Republic of Ecuador", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Quito | geographic coordinates: 0 13 S, 78 30 W | time difference: UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | time zone note: Ecuador has two time zones, including the Galapagos Islands (UTC-6) | etymology: named after the Quitu, a Pre-Columbian people who lived in the area; the meaning of their name is unknown", "display": "name: Quito", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "presidential republic", "display": "presidential republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law based on the Chilean civil code with modifications; traditional law in ethnic communities", "display": "civil law based on the Chilean civil code with modifications; traditional law in ethnic communities", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: many previous; latest approved 20 October 2008 | amendment process: proposed by the president of the republic through a referendum, by public petition of at least 1% of registered voters, or by agreement of at least one-third membership of the National Assembly; passage requires two separate readings a year apart and approval by at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly, and approval by absolute majority in a referendum; amendments such as changes to the structure of the state, constraints on personal rights and guarantees, or constitutional amendment procedures are not allowed", "display": "history: many previous; latest approved 20 October 2008", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2008 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "24 provinces ( provincias , singular - provincia ); Azuay, Bolivar, Cañar, Carchi, Chimborazo, Cotopaxi, El Oro, Esmeraldas, Galapagos, Guayas, Imbabura, Loja, Los Rios, Manabí, Morona Santiago, Napo, 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null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$252.728 billion (2024 est.) | $257.889 billion (2023 est.) | $252.861 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$252.728 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 252.728, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$13,900 (2024 est.) | $14,300 (2023 est.) | $14,200 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$13,900 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 13900.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "-2% (2024 est.) | 2% (2023 est.) | 5.9% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "-2% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "1.5% (2024 est.) | 2.2% (2023 est.) | 3.5% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "1.5% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.015, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "4.8% (2024 est.) | 3.6% (2023 est.) | 3.8% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "4.8% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.048, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "petroleum, food processing, textiles, wood products, chemicals", "display": "petroleum, food processing, textiles, wood products, chemicals", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "bananas, sugarcane, milk, oil palm fruit, maize, rice, plantains, chicken, pineapples, cocoa beans (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "bananas, sugarcane, milk, oil palm fruit, maize, rice, plantains, chicken, pineapples, cocoa beans (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "crude petroleum, shellfish, bananas, fish, gold (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "crude petroleum, shellfish, bananas, fish, gold (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, coal tar oil, cars, packaged medicine, plastics (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, coal tar oil, cars, packaged medicine, plastics (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 77% (2024 est.) | according to 2021 statistics from Ecuador's Ministry of Telecommunications and Information Society, 50% of homes do not have access to fixed internet", "display": "percent of population: 77% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.77, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 2.89 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 16 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 2.89 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 2890000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 23.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 75.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 1.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 23.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "35.7 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "35.7 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "317 (2025)", "display": "317 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 6 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 2 | very small: 4 | ports with oil terminals: 5 | key ports: Esmeraldas, Guayaquil, La Libertad, Manta, Puerto Bolivar, Puerto Maritimo de Guayaquil", "display": "total ports: 6 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 965 km (2022) | narrow gauge: 965 km (2022) 1.067-m gauge | note: passenger service limited to certain sections of track, mostly for tourist trains", "display": "total: 965 km (2022)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 154 (2023) | by type: container ship 1, general cargo 8, oil tanker 28, other 117", "display": "total: 154 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; water pollution; pollution from oil production wastes in areas of the Amazon Basin and Galapagos Islands", "display": "deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; water pollution; pollution from oil production wastes in areas of the Amazon Basin and Galapagos Islands", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "38.286 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 39,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 37.711 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 536,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "38.286 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "442.4 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "442.4 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 1.293 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 549 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 8.076 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 1.293 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/ecuador.json" }, { "entity_id": "egypt", "name": "Egypt", "source_code": "EG", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Africa", "roadmap_country": "Egypt", "coverage_region": "Africa", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 159, "published_fact_count": 52, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 112870457.0, "area_sq_km": 1001450.0, "capital": "Cairo", "government_type": "presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 75.0, "urban_population_percent": 43.1, "internet_users_percent": 73.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 16800.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "The regularity and richness of the annual Nile River flood, coupled with semi-isolation provided by deserts to the east and west, allowed for the development of one of the world's great civilizations in Egypt. A unified kingdom arose circa 3200 B.C., and a series of dynasties ruled in Egypt for the next three millennia. The last native dynasty fell to the Persians in 341 B.C., who in turn were replaced by the Greeks, Romans, and Byzantines. Arab conquerors introduced Islam and the Arabic language in the 7th century and ruled for the next six centuries. The Mamluks, a local military caste, took control around 1250 and continued to govern after the Ottoman Turks conquered Egypt in 1517. | Completion of the Suez Canal in 1869 elevated Egypt as an important world transportation hub. Ostensibly to protect its investments, Britain seized control of Egypt's government in 1882, but the country's nominal allegiance to the Ottoman Empire continued until 1914. Egypt gained partial independence from the UK in 1922 and full sovereignty in 1952. British forces evacuated the Suez Canal Zone in 1956. The completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1971 and the resultant Lake Nasser have reaffirmed the time-honored place of the Nile River in the agriculture and ecology of Egypt. A rapidly growing population (the largest in the Arab world), limited arable land, and dependence on the Nile all continue to overtax resources and stress society. The government has struggled to meet the demands of Egypt's fast-growing population as it implements large-scale infrastructure projects, energy cooperation, and foreign direct investment appeals. | Inspired by the 2010 Tunisian revolution, Egyptian opposition groups led demonstrations and labor strikes countrywide, culminating in President Hosni MUBARAK's ouster in 2011. Egypt's military assumed national leadership until a new legislature was in place in early 2012; later that same year, Muslim Brotherhood candidate Mohamed MORSI won the presidential election. Following protests throughout the spring of 2013 against MORSI's government and the Muslim Brotherhood, the Egyptian Armed Forces intervened and removed MORSI from power in July 2013 and replaced him with interim president Adly MANSOUR. Simultaneously, the government began enacting laws to limit freedoms of assembly and expression. In 2014, voters approved a new constitution by referendum and then elected former defense minister Abdel Fattah EL-SISI president. EL-SISI was reelected to a second four-year term in 2018 and a third term in December 2023.", "display": "The regularity and richness of the annual Nile River flood, coupled with semi-isolation provided by deserts to the east and west, allowed for the development of one of the world's…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1914 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Libya and the Gaza Strip, and the Red Sea north of Sudan, and includes the Asian Sinai Peninsula", "display": "Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Libya and the Gaza Strip, and the Red Sea north of Sudan, and includes the Asian Sinai Peninsula", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Africa", "display": "Africa", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 1,001,450 sq km | land: 995,450 sq km | water: 6,000 sq km", "display": "total : 1,001,450 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 1001450.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "2,450 km", "display": "2,450 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "vast desert plateau interrupted by Nile valley and delta", "display": "vast desert plateau interrupted by Nile valley and delta", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "desert; hot, dry summers with moderate winters", "display": "desert; hot, dry summers with moderate winters", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Mount Catherine 2,629 m | lowest point: Qattara Depression -133 m | mean elevation: 321 m", "display": "highest point: Mount Catherine 2,629 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "periodic droughts; frequent earthquakes; flash floods; landslides; hot, driving windstorms called khamsin occur in spring; dust storms; sandstorms", "display": "periodic droughts; frequent earthquakes; flash floods; landslides; hot, driving windstorms called khamsin occur in spring; dust storms; sandstorms", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, manganese, limestone, gypsum, talc, asbestos, lead, rare earth elements, zinc", "display": "petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, manganese, limestone, gypsum, talc, asbestos, lead, rare earth elements, zinc", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "approximately 95% of the population lives within 20 km (12 mi) of the Nile River and its delta; vast areas of the country remain sparsely populated or uninhabited, as shown in this population distribution map", "display": "approximately 95% of the population lives within 20 km (12 mi) of the Nile River and its delta; vast areas of the country remain sparsely populated or uninhabited, as shown in thi…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 112,870,457 (2025 est.) | male: 57,960,635 | female: 54,909,822", "display": "total: 112,870,457 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 112870457.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.4% (2025 est.)", "display": "1.4% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.013999999999999999, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 43.1% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 1.9% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 43.1% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Arabic (official); English and French widely understood by educated classes | major-language sample(s): | كتاب حقائق العالم، أفضل مصدر للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Arabic (official); English and French widely understood by educated classes", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Muslim (predominantly Sunni) 90%, Christian (majority Coptic Orthodox, other Christians include Armenian Apostolic, Catholic, Maronite, Orthodox, and Anglican) 10%", "display": "Muslim (predominantly Sunni) 90%, Christian (majority Coptic Orthodox, other Christians include Armenian Apostolic, Catholic, Maronite, Orthodox, and Anglican) 10%", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 75 years (2024 est.) | male: 73.8 years | female: 76.2 years", "display": "total population: 75 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 75.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 24.6 years (2025 est.) | male: 24.3 years | female: 24.4 years", "display": "total: 24.6 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "22.183 million CAIRO (capital), 5.588 million Alexandria, 778,000 Bur Sa'id (2023)", "display": "22.183 million CAIRO (capital), 5.588 million Alexandria, 778,000 Bur Sa'id (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 79.5% (2022 est.) | male: 85.3% (2022 est.) | female: 73.3% (2022 est.)", "display": "total population: 79.5% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 13 years (2023 est.) | male: 13 years (2023 est.) | female: 13 years (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 13 years (2023 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Arab Republic of Egypt | conventional short form: Egypt | local long form: Jumhuriyat Misr al-Arabiyah | local short form: Misr | former: United Arab Republic (short-lived unification with Syria) | etymology: the English name Egypt derives from the ancient Greek name for the country, \"Aguptos,\" and the ancient Roman name, \"Aegyptus,\" with the Greek form coming from the words aia gupos , or \"land of the vulture;\" the Arabic name for the country, Misr, can be traced to the Assyrian word misir , meaning \"fort\"", "display": "conventional long form: Arab Republic of Egypt", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Cairo | geographic coordinates: 30 03 N, 31 15 E | time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Friday in April; ends last Friday in October | etymology: the ancient Egyptian name of the original city was Khere-ohe or Kheri-aha; the modern city's name may also derive from the Arabic al-qahir , meaning \"the victorious;\" this is an Arabic name for the planet Mars, which was in the ascendant on the day in 969 A.D. when construction on the new part of the city began", "display": "name: Cairo", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "presidential republic", "display": "presidential republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "mixed system based on Napoleonic civil and penal law, Islamic religious law, and vestiges of colonial-era laws; Supreme Constitutional Court reviews laws", "display": "mixed system based on Napoleonic civil and penal law, Islamic religious law, and vestiges of colonial-era laws; Supreme Constitutional Court reviews laws", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: several previous; latest approved by a constitutional committee in December 2013, approved by referendum held on 14-15 January 2014, ratified by interim president on 19 January 2014 | amendment process: proposed by the president of the republic or by one fifth of the House of Representatives members; a decision to accept the proposal requires majority vote by House members; passage of amendment requires a two-thirds majority vote by House members and passage by majority vote in a referendum; articles of reelection of the president and principles of freedom are not amendable unless the amendment \"brings more guarantees\"", "display": "history: several previous; latest approved by a constitutional committee in December 2013, approved by referendum held on 14-15 January 2014, ratified by interim president on 19 J…", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2013 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "27 governorates ( muhafazat , singular - muhafazat ); Ad Daqahliyah, Al Bahr al Ahmar (Red Sea), Al Buhayrah, Al Fayyum, Al Gharbiyah, Al Iskandariyah (Alexandria), Al Isma'iliyah (Ismailia), Al Jizah (Giza), Al Minufiyah, Al Minya, Al Qahirah (Cairo), Al Qalyubiyah, Al Uqsur (Luxor), Al Wadi al Jadid (New Valley), As Suways (Suez), Ash Sharqiyah, Aswan, Asyut, Bani Suwayf, Bur Sa'id (Port Said), Dumyat (Damietta), Janub Sina' (South Sinai), Kafr ash Shaykh, Matruh, Qina, Shamal Sina' (North Sinai), Suhaj", "display": "27 governorates ( muhafazat , singular - muhafazat ); Ad Daqahliyah, Al Bahr al Ahmar (Red Sea), Al Buhayrah, Al Fayyum, Al Gharbiyah, Al Iskandariyah (Alexandria), Al Isma'iliyah…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AU, BRICS, BSEC (observer), CAEU, CD, CICA, COMESA, D-8, EBRD, FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAS, LCBC (observer), MIGA, MINURSO, MONUSCO, NAM, OAPEC, OAS (observer), OIC, OIF, OSCE (partner), PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNOOSA, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AU, BRICS, BSEC (observer), CAEU, CD, CICA, COMESA, D-8, EBRD, FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, I…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "Africa’s second-largest economy; 2030 Vision to diversify markets and energy infrastructure; improving fiscal, external, and current accounts; underperforming private sector; poor labor force participation; expanded credit access", "display": "Africa’s second-largest economy; 2030 Vision to diversify markets and energy infrastructure; improving fiscal, external, and current accounts; underperforming private sector; poor…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2030 }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$1.958 trillion (2024 est.) | $1.912 trillion (2023 est.) | $1.842 trillion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$1.958 trillion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 1958.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$16,800 (2024 est.) | $16,700 (2023 est.) | $16,400 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$16,800 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 16800.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.4% (2024 est.) | 3.8% (2023 est.) | 6.6% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "2.4% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "28.3% (2024 est.) | 33.9% (2023 est.) | 13.9% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "28.3% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.28300000000000003, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "7.2% (2024 est.) | 7.4% (2023 est.) | 7.4% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "7.2% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.07200000000000001, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "textiles, food processing, tourism, 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| wind: 2.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 87.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "34.975 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "34.975 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "73 (2025)", "display": "73 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": 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marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "rapid growth in population straining natural resources; increasing soil salination below Aswan High Dam; desertification; oil pollution in coastal ecosystems; water pollution from agricultural pesticides, raw sewage, and industrial effluents; limited natural freshwater resources away from the Nile", "display": "rapid growth in population straining natural resources; increasing soil salination below Aswan High Dam; desertification; oil pollution in coastal ecosystems; water pollution from…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "236.618 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 6.966 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 114.507 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 115.144 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "236.618 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "57.5 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "57.5 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 10.75 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 5.4 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 61.35 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 10.75 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous W…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/egypt.json" }, { "entity_id": "el-salvador", "name": "El Salvador", "source_code": "SV", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Central America and the Caribbean", "roadmap_country": "El Salvador", "coverage_region": "Americas", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 146, "published_fact_count": 52, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 6334723.0, "area_sq_km": 21041.0, "capital": "San Salvador", "government_type": "presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 75.9, "urban_population_percent": 75.4, "internet_users_percent": 68.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 11700.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "El Salvador achieved independence from Spain in 1821 and from the Central American Federation in 1839. A 12-year civil war, which cost about 75,000 lives, was brought to a close in 1992 when the government and leftist rebels signed a treaty that provided for military and political reforms. El Salvador is beset by one of the world's highest homicide rates and pervasive criminal gangs.", "display": "El Salvador achieved independence from Spain in 1821 and from the Central American Federation in 1839. A 12-year civil war, which cost about 75,000 lives, was brought to a close i…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1992 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Central America, bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Guatemala and Honduras", "display": "Central America, bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Guatemala and Honduras", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Central America and the Caribbean", "display": "Central America and the Caribbean", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 21,041 sq km | land: 20,721 sq km | water: 320 sq km", "display": "total : 21,041 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 21041.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "307 km", "display": "307 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly mountains with narrow coastal belt and central plateau", "display": "mostly mountains with narrow coastal belt and central plateau", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical; rainy season (May to October); dry season (November to April); tropical on coast; temperate in uplands", "display": "tropical; rainy season (May to October); dry season (November to April); tropical on coast; temperate in uplands", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Cerro El Pital 2,730 m | lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m | mean elevation: 442 m", "display": "highest point: Cerro El Pital 2,730 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "known as the Land of Volcanoes; frequent and sometimes destructive earthquakes and volcanic activity; extremely susceptible to hurricanes | volcanism: significant volcanic activity; San Salvador (1,893 m), which last erupted in 1917, has the potential to cause major harm to the country's capital, which lies just below the volcano's slopes; San Miguel (2,130 m) is one of the most active volcanoes in the country; other historically active volcanoes include Conchaguita, Ilopango, Izalco, and Santa Ana", "display": "known as the Land of Volcanoes; frequent and sometimes destructive earthquakes and volcanic activity; extremely susceptible to hurricanes", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1917 }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "hydropower, geothermal power, petroleum, arable land", "display": "hydropower, geothermal power, petroleum, arable land", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "high population density country-wide, with particular concentration around the capital of San Salvador", "display": "high population density country-wide, with particular concentration around the capital of San Salvador", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 6,334,723 (2025 est.) | male: 3,026,645 | female: 3,308,078", "display": "total: 6,334,723 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 6334723.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.34% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.34% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0034000000000000002, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 75.4% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 1.33% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 75.4% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Spanish (official), Nawat (among some indigenous) | major-language sample(s): | La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Spanish (official), Nawat (among some indigenous)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Roman Catholic 43.9%, Protestant 39.6% (Evangelical - unspecified 38.2%, Evangelical - Methodist 1.3%, Evangelical - Baptist 0.1%), none 16.3%, unspecified 0.2% (2023 est.)", "display": "Roman Catholic 43.9%, Protestant 39.6% (Evangelical - unspecified 38.2%, Evangelical - Methodist 1.3%, Evangelical - Baptist 0.1%), none 16.3%, unspecified 0.2% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 75.9 years (2024 est.) | male: 72.4 years | female: 79.5 years", "display": "total population: 75.9 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 75.9, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 31.2 years (2025 est.) | male: 28.2 years | female: 31.2 years", "display": "total: 31.2 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.116 million SAN SALVADOR (capital) (2023)", "display": "1.116 million SAN SALVADOR (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 89.8% (2024 est.) | male: 91.6% (2024 est.) | female: 88.2% (2024 est.)", "display": "total population: 89.8% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 11 years (2023 est.) | male: 11 years (2023 est.) | female: 12 years (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 11 years (2023 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of El Salvador | conventional short form: El Salvador | local long form: República de El Salvador | local short form: El Salvador | etymology: means \"the Savior\" in Spanish and is a shortened form of \"the Divine Savior of the World\" (el Divino Salvador del Mundo), 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"label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "presidential republic", "display": "presidential republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law system with minor common law influence; Supreme Court reviews legislative acts", "display": "civil law system with minor common law influence; Supreme Court reviews legislative acts", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: many previous; latest drafted 16 December 1983, enacted 23 December 1983 | amendment process: proposals require agreement by absolute majority of the Legislative Assembly membership; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly; constitutional articles on basic principles, and citizen rights and freedoms cannot be amended", "display": "history: many previous; latest drafted 16 December 1983, enacted 23 December 1983", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1983 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "14 departments ( departamentos , singular - departamento ); Ahuachapán, Cabanas, Chalatenango, Cuscatlán, La Libertad, La Paz, La Union, Morazán, San Miguel, San Salvador, San Vicente, Santa Ana, Sonsonate, Usulután", "display": "14 departments ( departamentos , singular - departamento ); Ahuachapán, Cabanas, Chalatenango, Cuscatlán, La Libertad, La Paz, La Union, Morazán, San Miguel, San Salvador, San Vic…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": 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"category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "upper-middle-income, dollarized Central American economy; reliant on remittances from US; recent growth linked to infrastructure investment, consumption, and crime reduction; $1.3 billion IMF loan to address fiscal imbalances; Bitcoin adopted as legal tender; persistent poverty and large informal sector", "display": "upper-middle-income, dollarized Central American economy; reliant on remittances from US; recent growth linked to infrastructure investment, consumption, and crime reduction; $1.3…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$73.961 billion (2024 est.) | $72.085 billion (2023 est.) | $69.621 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$73.961 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 73.961, 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chicken, sorghum, beans, oranges, coconuts, eggs, mangoes/guavas (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "sugarcane, maize, milk, chicken, sorghum, beans, oranges, coconuts, eggs, mangoes/guavas (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "garments, plastic products, electrical capacitors, raw sugar, toilet paper (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "garments, plastic products, electrical capacitors, raw sugar, toilet paper (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, natural gas, garments, packaged medicine, plastics (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, natural gas, garments, packaged medicine, plastics (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 68% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 68% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.68, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 671,000 (2022 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 11 (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 671,000 (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 671000.0, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 9.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 19.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 2.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 31% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | geothermal: 24.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 14% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 9.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "24.421 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "24.421 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "27 (2025)", "display": "27 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 3 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 0 | very small: 3 | ports with oil terminals: 3 | key ports: Acajutla, Acajutla Offshore Terminal, La Union", "display": "total ports: 3 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 12.5 km (2014) | narrow gauge: 12.5 km (2014) 0.914-mm gauge", "display": "total: 12.5 km (2014)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2014 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 5 (2023) | by type: other 5", "display": "total: 5 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution; contamination of soils from disposal of toxic wastes", "display": "deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution; contamination of soils from disposal of toxic wastes", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "8.694 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 1,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 7.745 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 948,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "8.694 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "26.27 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "26.27 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 433.229 million cubic meters (2022) | industrial: 94.316 million cubic meters (2022) | agricultural: 1.411 billion cubic meters (2022)", "display": "municipal: 433.229 million cubic meters (2022)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardo…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/el-salvador.json" }, { "entity_id": "equatorial-guinea", "name": "Equatorial Guinea", "source_code": "GQ", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Africa", "roadmap_country": "Equatorial Guinea", "coverage_region": "Africa", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 131, "published_fact_count": 49, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 1795834.0, "area_sq_km": 28051.0, "capital": "Malabo; note - Malabo is on the island of Bioko; some months of the year, the government operates out of Bata on the mainland region.", "government_type": "presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 63.9, "urban_population_percent": 74.4, "internet_users_percent": 60.0, "electricity_access_percent": 67.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 15500.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Equatorial Guinea consists of a continental territory and five inhabited islands; it is one of the smallest countries by area and population in Africa. The mainland region was most likely predominantly inhabited by Pygmy ethnic groups prior to the migration of various Bantu-speaking ethnic groups around the second millennium BC. The island of Bioko, the largest of Equatorial Guinea’s five inhabited islands and the location of the country’s capital of Malabo, has been occupied since at least 1000 B.C. In the early 1470s, Portuguese explorers landed on Bioko Island, and Portugal soon after established control of the island and other areas of modern Equatorial Guinea. In 1778, Portugal ceded its colonial hold over present-day Equatorial Guinea to Spain in the Treaty of El Pardo. The borders of modern-day Equatorial Guinea would evolve between 1778 and 1968 as the area remained under European colonial rule. | In 1968, Equatorial Guinea was granted independence from Spain and elected Francisco MACIAS NGUEMA as its first president. MACIAS consolidated power soon after his election and ruled brutally for over a decade. Under his regime, Equatorial Guinea experienced mass suppression, purges, and killings. Some estimates indicate that a third of the population either went into exile or was killed under MACIAS’ rule. In 1979, present-day President OBIANG Nguema Mbasogo, then a senior military officer, deposed MACIAS in a violent coup. OBIANG has ruled since and has been elected in non-competitive contests several times, most recently in 2022. The president exerts near-total control over the political system. | Equatorial Guinea experienced rapid economic growth in the early years of the 21st century due to the discovery of large offshore oil reserves in 1996. Production peaked in 2004 and has declined since. The country's economic windfall from oil production resulted in massive increases in government revenue, a significant portion of which was earmarked for infrastructure development. Systemic corruption, however, has hindered socio-economic development, and the population has seen only limited improvements to living standards. Equatorial Guinea continues to seek to diversify its economy, increase foreign investment, and assume a greater role in regional and international affairs. ", "display": "Equatorial Guinea consists of a continental territory and five inhabited islands; it is one of the smallest countries by area and population in Africa. The mainland region was mos…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1968 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Central Africa, bordering the Bight of Biafra, between Cameroon and Gabon", "display": "Central Africa, bordering the Bight of Biafra, between Cameroon and Gabon", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Africa", "display": "Africa", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 28,051 sq km | land: 28,051 sq km | water: 0 sq km", "display": "total : 28,051 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 28051.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "296 km", "display": "296 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "coastal plains rise to interior hills; islands are volcanic", "display": "coastal plains rise to interior hills; islands are volcanic", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical; always hot, humid", "display": "tropical; always hot, humid", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Pico Basile 3,008 m | lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m | mean elevation: 577 m", "display": "highest point: Pico Basile 3,008 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "violent windstorms; flash floods | volcanism: Santa Isabel (3,007 m), which last erupted in 1923, is the country's only historically active volcano; Santa Isabel and two dormant volcanoes form Bioko Island in the Gulf of Guinea", "display": "violent windstorms; flash floods", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1923 }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "petroleum, natural gas, timber, gold, bauxite, diamonds, tantalum, sand and gravel, clay", "display": "petroleum, natural gas, timber, gold, bauxite, diamonds, tantalum, sand and gravel, clay", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "the two large cities are Bata on the mainland and the capital Malabo on the island of Bioko; small communities are scattered throughout the mainland and the five inhabited islands, as shown in this population distribution map", "display": "the two large cities are Bata on the mainland and the capital Malabo on the island of Bioko; small communities are scattered throughout the mainland and the five inhabited islands…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 1,795,834 (2024 est.) | male: 962,385 | female: 833,449", "display": "total: 1,795,834 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 1795834.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "3.1% (2025 est.)", "display": "3.1% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.031, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 74.4% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 3.62% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 74.4% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Spanish (official) 67.6%, other (includes Fang, Bubi, Portuguese (official), French (official), Fa d'Ambo spoken in Annobon) 32.4% (1994 est.) | major-language sample(s): | La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Spanish (official) 67.6%, other (includes Fang, Bubi, Portuguese (official), French (official), Fa d'Ambo spoken in Annobon) 32.4% (1994 est.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1994 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Roman Catholic 88%, Protestant 5%, Muslim 2%, other 5% (animist, Baha'i, Jewish) (2015 est.)", "display": "Roman Catholic 88%, Protestant 5%, Muslim 2%, other 5% (animist, Baha'i, Jewish) (2015 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2015 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 63.9 years (2024 est.) | male: 61.6 years | female: 66.2 years", "display": "total population: 63.9 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 63.9, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 22.3 years (2025 est.) | male: 22.7 years | female: 21.5 years", "display": "total: 22.3 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "297,000 MALABO (capital) (2018)", "display": "297,000 MALABO (capital) (2018)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Equatorial Guinea | conventional short form: Equatorial Guinea | local long form: Republica de Guinea Ecuatorial (Spanish)/ 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Spanish renamed it Santa Isabel in 1843, for Queen ISABELLA II of Spain; it was renamed again in 1973 after King MALABO (1837–1937), the last king of the Bubi (local ethnic group)", "display": "name: Malabo; note - Malabo is on the island of Bioko; some months of the year, the government operates out of Bata on the mainland region.", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1973 }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "presidential republic", "display": "presidential republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "mixed system of civil and customary law", "display": "mixed system of civil and customary law", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: previous 1968, 1973, 1982; approved by referendum 17 November 1991 | amendment process: proposed by the president of the republic or supported by three fourths of the membership in either house of the National Assembly; passage requires three-fourths majority vote by both houses of the Assembly and approval in a referendum if requested by the president", "display": "history: previous 1968, 1973, 1982; approved by referendum 17 November 1991", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1968 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "8 provinces ( provincias , singular - provincia ); Annobon, Bioko Norte, Bioko Sur, Centro Sur, Djibloho, Kie-Ntem, Litoral, Wele-Nzas", "display": "8 provinces ( provincias , singular - provincia ); Annobon, Bioko Norte, Bioko Sur, Centro Sur, Djibloho, Kie-Ntem, Litoral, Wele-Nzas", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, CPLP, FAO, Francophonie, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WTO (observer)", "display": "ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, CPLP, FAO, Francophonie, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), O…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "growing CEMAC economy and new OPEC member; large oil and gas reserves; targeting economic diversification and poverty reduction; still recovering from CEMAC crisis; improving public financial management; persistent poverty; hard-hit by COVID-19", "display": "growing CEMAC economy and new OPEC member; large oil and gas reserves; targeting economic diversification and poverty reduction; still recovering from CEMAC crisis; improving publ…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$29.248 billion (2024 est.) | $28.985 billion (2023 est.) | $30.539 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$29.248 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 29.248, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$15,500 (2024 est.) | $15,700 (2023 est.) | $16,900 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$15,500 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 15500.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "0.9% (2024 est.) | -5.1% (2023 est.) | 3.2% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "0.9% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "4.8% (2022 est.) | -0.1% (2021 est.) | 4.8% (2020 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "4.8% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.048, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "7.9% (2024 est.) | 8.4% (2023 est.) | 8.5% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "7.9% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.079, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "petroleum, natural gas, sawmilling", "display": "petroleum, natural gas, sawmilling", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "sweet potatoes, cassava, plantains, oil palm fruit, root vegetables, bananas, coconuts, coffee, cocoa beans, chicken (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "sweet potatoes, cassava, plantains, oil palm fruit, root vegetables, bananas, coconuts, coffee, cocoa beans, chicken (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "crude petroleum, natural gas, alcohols, wood, scrap iron (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "crude petroleum, natural gas, alcohols, wood, scrap iron (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "ships, poultry, plastic products, beer, valves (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "ships, poultry, plastic products, beer, valves (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 60% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 60% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.6, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 2,000 (2022 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2022 est.) less than 1", "display": "total: 2,000 (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 2000.0, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 67% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 89.8% | electrification - rural areas: 1.4%", "display": "electrification - total population: 67% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 68.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 31.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 68.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "54.509 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "54.509 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "7 (2025)", "display": "7 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 7 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 1 | very small: 6 | ports with oil terminals: 6 | key ports: Bata, Ceiba Terminal, Cogo, Luba, Malabo, Punta Europa Terminal, Serpentina Terminal", "display": "total ports: 7 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 53 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 1, general cargo 16, oil tanker 7, other 29", "display": "total: 53 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "deforestation (agricultural expansion, fires, and grazing); desertification; water pollution; tap water non-potable; wildlife preservation", "display": "deforestation (agricultural expansion, fires, and grazing); desertification; water pollution; tap water non-potable; wildlife preservation", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "5.471 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 1 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 896,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 4.575 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "5.471 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "26 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "26 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 15.8 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 3 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 1 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 15.8 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marin…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/equatorial-guinea.json" }, { "entity_id": "eritrea", "name": "Eritrea", "source_code": "ER", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Africa", "roadmap_country": "Eritrea", "coverage_region": "Africa", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 128, "published_fact_count": 51, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 6416435.0, "area_sq_km": 117600.0, "capital": "Asmara", "government_type": "authoritarian", "life_expectancy_years": 67.5, "urban_population_percent": 43.3, "internet_users_percent": 20.0, "electricity_access_percent": 55.4, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 700.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Eritrea won independence from Italian colonial control in 1941, but the UN only established it as an autonomous region within the Ethiopian federation in 1952, after a decade of British administrative control. Ethiopia's full annexation of Eritrea as a province 10 years later sparked a violent 30-year conflict for independence that ended in 1991 with Eritrean fighters defeating government forces. Eritreans overwhelmingly approved independence in a 1993 referendum. ISAIAS Afwerki has been Eritrea's only president since independence; his rule, particularly since 2001, has been characterized by highly autocratic and repressive actions. His government has created a highly militarized society by instituting an unpopular program of mandatory conscription into national service -- divided between military and civilian service -- of indefinite length. | A two-and-a-half-year border war with Ethiopia that erupted in 1998 ended under UN auspices in 2000. Ethiopia rejected a subsequent 2007 Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission (EEBC) demarcation. More than a decade of a tense “no peace, no war” stalemate ended in 2018 when the newly elected Ethiopian prime minister accepted the EEBC’s 2007 ruling, and the two countries signed declarations of peace and friendship. Eritrean leaders then engaged in intensive diplomacy around the Horn of Africa, bolstering regional peace, security, and cooperation, as well as brokering rapprochements between governments and opposition groups. In 2018, the UN Security Council lifted an arms embargo that had been imposed on Eritrea since 2009, after the UN Somalia-Eritrea Monitoring Group reported they had not found evidence of Eritrean support in recent years for al-Shabaab. The country’s rapprochement with Ethiopia led to a resumption of economic ties, but the level of air transport, trade, and tourism have remained roughly the same since late 2020. | The Eritrean economy remains agriculture-dependent, and the country is still one of Africa’s poorest nations. Eritrea faced new international condemnation and US sanctions in mid-2021 for its participation in the war in Ethiopia’s Tigray Regional State, where Eritrean forces were found to have committed war crimes and crimes against humanity. As most Eritrean troops were departing northern Ethiopia in January 2023, ISAIAS began a series of diplomatic engagements aimed at bolstering Eritrea’s foreign partnerships and regional influence. Despite the country's improved relations with its neighbors, ISAIAS has not let up on repression, and conscription and militarization continue.", "display": "Eritrea won independence from Italian colonial control in 1941, but the UN only established it as an autonomous region within the Ethiopian federation in 1952, after a decade of B…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1941 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Eastern Africa, bordering the Red Sea, between Djibouti and Sudan", "display": "Eastern Africa, bordering the Red Sea, between Djibouti and Sudan", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Africa", "display": "Africa", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 117,600 sq km | land: 101,000 sq km | water: 16,600 sq km", "display": "total : 117,600 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 117600.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "2,234 km (mainland on Red Sea 1,151 km; islands in Red Sea 1,083 km)", "display": "2,234 km (mainland on Red Sea 1,151 km; islands in Red Sea 1,083 km)", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "dominated by extension of Ethiopian north-south trending highlands, descending on the east to a coastal desert plain, on the northwest to hilly terrain and on the southwest to flat-to-rolling plains", "display": "dominated by extension of Ethiopian north-south trending highlands, descending on the east to a coastal desert plain, on the northwest to hilly terrain and on the southwest to fla…", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "hot, dry desert strip along Red Sea coast; cooler and wetter in the central highlands (up to 61 cm of rainfall annually, heaviest June to September); semiarid in western hills and lowlands", "display": "hot, dry desert strip along Red Sea coast; cooler and wetter in the central highlands (up to 61 cm of rainfall annually, heaviest June to September); semiarid in western hills and…", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Soira 3,018 m | lowest point: near Kulul within the Danakil Depression -75 m | mean elevation: 853 m", "display": "highest point: Soira 3,018 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "frequent droughts, rare earthquakes and volcanoes; locust swarms | volcanism: Dubbi (1,625 m), which last erupted in 1861, was the country's only historically active volcano until Nabro (2,218 m) came to life in 2011", "display": "frequent droughts, rare earthquakes and volcanoes; locust swarms", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2011 }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "gold, potash, zinc, copper, salt, possibly oil and natural gas, fish", "display": "gold, potash, zinc, copper, salt, possibly oil and natural gas, fish", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "density is highest in the center of the country, in and around the cities of Asmara (capital) and Keren; smaller settlements exist in the north and south, as shown in this population distribution map", "display": "density is highest in the center of the country, in and around the cities of Asmara (capital) and Keren; smaller settlements exist in the north and south, as shown in this populat…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 6,416,435 (2025 est.) | male: 3,158,281 | female: 3,258,154", "display": "total: 6,416,435 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 6416435.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.16% (2025 est.)", "display": "1.16% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0116, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 43.3% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 3.67% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 43.3% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Tigrinya (official), Arabic (official), English (official), Tigre, Kunama, Afar, other Cushitic languages", "display": "Tigrinya (official), Arabic (official), English (official), Tigre, Kunama, Afar, other Cushitic languages", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Eritrean Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Evangelical Lutheran, Sunni Muslim", "display": "Eritrean Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Evangelical Lutheran, Sunni Muslim", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 67.5 years (2024 est.) | male: 64.9 years | female: 70.2 years", "display": "total population: 67.5 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 67.5, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 21.7 years (2025 est.) | male: 20.8 years | female: 21.8 years", "display": "total: 21.7 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.073 million ASMARA (capital) (2023)", "display": "1.073 million ASMARA (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 8 years (2015 est.) | male: 9 years (2015 est.) | female: 7 years (2015 est.)", "display": "total: 8 years (2015 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2015 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: State of Eritrea | conventional short form: Eritrea | local long form: Hagere Ertra | local short form: Ertra | former: Eritrea Autonomous Region in Ethiopia | etymology: the country name derives from the ancient Greek name Erythra Thalassa , meaning \"Red Sea,\" the body of water that borders the country", "display": "conventional long form: State of Eritrea", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Asmara | geographic coordinates: 15 20 N, 38 56 E | time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: the name's origin is unclear; according to Tigrinya oral tradition, the name is part of a phrase meaning \"the women made them unite,\" referring to a group of women who made four clans unite to defeat a common enemy; asmara also means \"flowery wood\" in the Tigrinya language", "display": "name: Asmara", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "authoritarian", "display": "authoritarian", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "mixed system of civil, customary, and Islamic religious law", "display": "mixed system of civil, customary, and Islamic religious law", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: ratified by the Constituent Assembly 23 May 1997 (never implemented) | amendment process: proposed by the president of Eritrea or by assent of at least one half of the National Assembly membership; passage requires at least an initial three-quarters majority vote by the Assembly and, after one year, final passage by at least four-fifths majority vote by the Assembly", "display": "history: ratified by the Constituent Assembly 23 May 1997 (never implemented)", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1997 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "6 regions ( zobatat , singular - zoba ); 'Anseba, Debub (South), Debubawi K'eyyih Bahri (Southern Red Sea), Gash-Barka, Ma'ikel (Central), Semienawi K'eyyih Bahri (Northern Red Sea)", "display": "6 regions ( zobatat , singular - zoba ); 'Anseba, Debub (South), Debubawi K'eyyih Bahri (Southern Red Sea), Gash-Barka, Ma'ikel (Central), Semienawi K'eyyih Bahri (Northern Red Se…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACP, AfDB, AU, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS (observer), IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS (observer), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO", "display": "ACP, AfDB, AU, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS (observer), IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS (o…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "largely agrarian economy with a significant mining sector; substantial fiscal surplus due to tight controls; high and vulnerable debts; increased Ethiopian trade and shared port usage decreasing prices; financial and economic data integrity challenges", "display": "largely agrarian economy with a significant mining sector; substantial fiscal surplus due to tight controls; high and vulnerable debts; increased Ethiopian trade and shared port u…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$2.534 billion (2024 est.) | $2.465 billion (2023 est.) | $2.398 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2015 dollars", "display": "$2.534 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 2.534, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$700 (2024 est.) | $700 (2023 est.) | $700 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2015 dollars", "display": "$700 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 700.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "5% (2017 est.) | 1.9% (2016 est.) | 2.6% (2015 est.)", "display": "5% (2017 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2017 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "7.4% (2022 est.) | 6.6% (2021 est.) | 5.6% (2020 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "7.4% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.07400000000000001, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "5.6% (2024 est.) | 5.6% (2023 est.) | 5.7% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "5.6% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.055999999999999994, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "food processing, beverages, clothing and textiles, light manufacturing, salt, cement", "display": "food processing, beverages, clothing and textiles, light manufacturing, salt, cement", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "sorghum, milk, barley, vegetables, root vegetables, cereals, pulses, wheat, beef, maize (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "sorghum, milk, barley, vegetables, root vegetables, cereals, pulses, wheat, beef, maize (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "copper ore, zinc ore, gold, garments, liquor (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "copper ore, zinc ore, gold, garments, liquor (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "trucks, sorghum, construction vehicles, wheat flours, other foods (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "trucks, sorghum, construction vehicles, wheat flours, other foods (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 20% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 20% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.2, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 6,000 (2022 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2022 est.) less than 1", "display": "total: 6,000 (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 6000.0, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 55.4% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 75.5% | electrification - rural areas: 36%", "display": "electrification - total population: 55.4% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 89.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 10.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 89.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "2.977 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "2.977 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "11 (2025)", "display": "11 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 2 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 2 | very small: 0 | ports with oil terminals: 2 | key ports: Assab, Mitsiwa Harbor", "display": "total ports: 2 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 306 km (2018) | narrow gauge: 306 km (2018) 0.950-m gauge", "display": "total: 306 km (2018)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 9 (2023) | by type: general cargo 4, oil tanker 1, other 4", "display": "total: 9 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "deforestation; desertification; soil erosion; overgrazing", "display": "deforestation; desertification; soil erosion; overgrazing", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "733,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 733,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "733,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "7.315 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "7.315 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 31 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 1 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 550 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 31 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Paris Agreement", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protectio…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/eritrea.json" }, { "entity_id": "estonia", "name": "Estonia", "source_code": "EE", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Europe", "roadmap_country": "Estonia", "coverage_region": "Europe", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 143, "published_fact_count": 51, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 1340478.0, "area_sq_km": 45228.0, "capital": "Tallinn", "government_type": "parliamentary republic", "life_expectancy_years": 78.4, "urban_population_percent": 69.8, "internet_users_percent": 93.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 41500.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "After centuries of Danish, Swedish, German, and Russian rule, Estonia attained independence in 1918. Forcibly incorporated into the USSR in 1940 -- an action never recognized by the US and many other countries -- it regained its freedom in 1991 with the collapse of the Soviet Union. Since the last Russian troops left in 1994, Estonia has been free to promote economic and political ties with the West. It joined both NATO and the EU in 2004, formally joined the OECD in 2010, and adopted the euro as its official currency in 2011.", "display": "After centuries of Danish, Swedish, German, and Russian rule, Estonia attained independence in 1918. Forcibly incorporated into the USSR in 1940 -- an action never recognized by t…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1918 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Eastern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and Gulf of Finland, between Latvia and Russia", "display": "Eastern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and Gulf of Finland, between Latvia and Russia", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Europe", "display": "Europe", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 45,228 sq km | land: 42,388 sq km | water: 2,840 sq km | note: includes 1,520 islands in the Baltic Sea", "display": "total : 45,228 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 45228.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "3,794 km", "display": "3,794 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "marshy, lowlands; flat in the north, hilly in the south", "display": "marshy, lowlands; flat in the north, hilly in the south", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "maritime; wet, moderate winters, cool summers", "display": "maritime; wet, moderate winters, cool summers", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Suur Munamagi 318 m | lowest point: Baltic Sea 0 m | mean elevation: 61 m", "display": "highest point: Suur Munamagi 318 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "sometimes flooding occurs in the spring", "display": "sometimes flooding occurs in the spring", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "oil shale, peat, rare earth elements, phosphorite, clay, limestone, sand, dolomite, arable land, sea mud", "display": "oil shale, peat, rare earth elements, phosphorite, clay, limestone, sand, dolomite, arable land, sea mud", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations", "display": "a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 1,340,478 (2025 est.) | male: 634,988 | female: 705,490", "display": "total: 1,340,478 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 1340478.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "-0.47% (2025 est.)", "display": "-0.47% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": -0.004699999999999999, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 69.8% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: -0.03% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 69.8% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Estonian (official) 67.2%, Russian 28.5%, other 3.7%, unspecified 0.6% (2021est.)", "display": "Estonian (official) 67.2%, Russian 28.5%, other 3.7%, unspecified 0.6% (2021est.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Orthodox 16.5%, Protestant 9.2% (Lutheran 7.7%, other Protestant 1.5%), other 3% (includes Roman Catholic, Muslim, Jehovah's Witness, Pentecostal, Buddhist, and Taara Believer), none 58.4%, unspecified 12.9% (2021 est.)", "display": "Orthodox 16.5%, Protestant 9.2% (Lutheran 7.7%, other Protestant 1.5%), other 3% (includes Roman Catholic, Muslim, Jehovah's Witness, Pentecostal, Buddhist, and Taara Believer), n…", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 78.4 years (2024 est.) | male: 73.8 years | female: 83.2 years", "display": "total population: 78.4 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 78.4, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 42.9 years (2025 est.) | male: 41.9 years | female: 48.2 years", "display": "total: 42.9 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "454,000 TALLINN (capital) (2023)", "display": "454,000 TALLINN (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 16 years (2023 est.) | male: 15 years (2023 est.) | female: 16 years (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 16 years (2023 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Estonia | conventional short form: Estonia | local long form: Eesti Vabariik | local short form: Eesti | former: Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic (while occupied by the USSR) | etymology: derives from the name of the people who lived along the eastern Baltic Sea in the first centuries A.D., which came from the Baltic word aueist , meaning \"waterside dwellers\"", "display": "conventional long form: Republic of Estonia", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Tallinn | geographic coordinates: 59 26 N, 24 43 E | time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October | etymology: the name derives from the Old Estonian term tan-linn , meaning \"Danish fort,\" a reference to Danish King VALDEMAR II founding the city in 1219", "display": "name: Tallinn", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary republic", "display": "parliamentary republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law system", "display": "civil law system", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: several previous; latest adopted 28 June 1992, entered into force 3 July 1992 | amendment process: proposed by at least one-fifth of Parliament members or by the president of the republic; passage requires three readings of the proposed amendment and a simple majority vote in two successive memberships of Parliament; passage of amendments to the \"General Provisions\" and \"Amendment of the Constitution\" chapters requires at least three-fifths majority vote by Parliament to conduct a referendum and majority vote in a referendum", "display": "history: several previous; latest adopted 28 June 1992, entered into force 3 July 1992", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1992 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "15 urban municipalities ( linnad , singular - linn ), 64 rural municipalities ( vallad , singular - vald ) | urban municipalities: Haapsalu, Keila, Kohtla-Jarve, Loksa, Maardu, Narva, Narva-Joesuu, Paide, Parnu, Rakvere, Sillamae, Tallinn, Tartu, Viljandi, Voru | rural municipalities: Alutaguse, Anija, Antsla, Elva, Haademeeste, Haljala, Harku, Hiiumaa, Jarva, Joelahtme, Jogeva, Johvi, Kadrina, Kambja, Kanepi, Kastre, Kehtna, Kihnu, Kiili, Kohila, Kose, Kuusalu, Laane-Harju, Laane-Nigula, Laaneranna, Luganuse, Luunja, Marjamaa, Muhu, Mulgi, Mustvee, Noo, Otepaa, Peipsiaare, Pohja-Parnumaa, Pohja-Sakala, Poltsamaa, Polva, Raasiku, Rae, Rakvere, Räpina, Rapla, Rouge, Ruhnu, Saarde, Saaremaa, Saku, Saue, Setomaa, Tapa, Tartu, Toila, Tori, Torva, Turi, Vaike-Maarja, Valga, Viimsi, Viljandi, Vinni, Viru-Nigula, Vormsi, Voru", "display": "15 urban municipalities ( linnad , singular - linn ), 64 rural municipalities ( vallad , singular - vald )", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "Australia Group, BA, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA (cooperating state), EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, 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productivity rates", "display": "high-income, service-based EU and eurozone economy; rebound in exports playing a role in economic recovery; rising food prices contributing to inflation; decrease in labor force p…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$57.001 billion (2024 est.) | $57.15 billion (2023 est.) | $58.931 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$57.001 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 57.001, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$41,500 (2024 est.) | $41,700 (2023 est.) | $43,700 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$41,500 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 41500.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "-0.3% (2024 est.) | -3% (2023 est.) | 0.1% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "-0.3% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3.5% (2024 est.) | 9.2% (2023 est.) | 19.4% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "3.5% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.035, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "7.9% (2024 est.) | 6.4% (2023 est.) | 5.6% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "7.9% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.079, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "food, engineering, electronics, wood and wood products, textiles; information technology, telecommunications", "display": "food, engineering, electronics, wood and wood products, textiles; information technology, telecommunications", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "milk, wheat, barley, rapeseed, peas, oats, potatoes, rye, pork, triticale (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "milk, wheat, barley, rapeseed, peas, oats, potatoes, rye, pork, triticale (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "cars, wood, broadcasting equipment, refined petroleum, prefabricated buildings (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "cars, wood, broadcasting equipment, refined petroleum, prefabricated buildings (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "cars, refined petroleum, broadcasting equipment, natural gas, packaged medicine (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "cars, refined petroleum, broadcasting equipment, natural gas, packaged medicine (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 93% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 93% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.93, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 516,000 (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 38 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 516,000 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 516000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 52.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 9.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 10.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 0.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 27.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 52.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "73.679 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "73.679 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "34 (2025)", "display": "34 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 20 (2024) | large: 4 | medium: 1 | small: 4 | very small: 11 | ports with oil terminals: 5 | key ports: Muuga - Port of Tallin, Paldiski Lounasadam, Paljassaare, Sillamae, Vanasadam - Port of Tallinn", "display": "total ports: 20 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 1,441 km (2020) 225 km electrified", "display": "total: 1,441 km (2020) 225 km electrified", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 72 (2023) | by type: general cargo 3, oil tanker 3, other 66", "display": "total: 72 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "air pollution from sulfur dioxide from oil-shale-burning power plants; coastal seawater pollution", "display": "air pollution from sulfur dioxide from oil-shale-burning power plants; coastal seawater pollution", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "4.607 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: -19,814 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 3.977 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 649,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "4.607 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "12.806 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "12.806 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 64.998 million cubic meters (2022) | industrial: 1.135 billion cubic meters (2022) | agricultural: 5 million cubic meters (2022)", "display": "municipal: 64.998 million cubic meters (2022)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Volatile O…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/estonia.json" }, { "entity_id": "eswatini", "name": "Eswatini", "source_code": "SZ", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Africa", "roadmap_country": "Eswatini", "coverage_region": "Africa", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 140, "published_fact_count": 49, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 1137268.0, "area_sq_km": 17364.0, "capital": "Mbabane (administrative capital); Lobamba (royal and legislative capital)", "government_type": "absolute monarchy", "life_expectancy_years": 60.7, "urban_population_percent": 24.8, "internet_users_percent": 57.99999999999999, "electricity_access_percent": 82.3, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 10400.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": true }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "A Swazi kingdom was founded in the mid-18 th century and ruled by a series of kings, including MSWATI II, a 19 th century ruler whose name was adopted for the country and its predominant ethnic group. European countries defined the kingdom’s modern borders during the late-19 th century, and Swaziland (as it became known) was administered as a UK high commission territory from 1903 until its independence in 1968. A new constitution that came into effect in 2005 included provisions for a more independent parliament and judiciary, but the legal status of political parties remains unclear, and the kingdom is still considered an absolute monarchy. King MSWATI III renamed the country from Swaziland to Eswatini in 2018 to reflect the name most commonly used by its citizens. | In 2021, MSWATI III used security forces to suppress prodemocracy protests. A national dialogue and reconciliation process agreed to in the wake of violence has not materialized. In November 2023, King MSWATI III appointed a new prime minister following peaceful national elections. Despite its classification as a lower-middle income country, Eswatini suffers from severe poverty, corruption, and high unemployment. Eswatini has the world's highest HIV/AIDS prevalence rate, although recent years have shown marked declines in new infections. Eswatini is the only country in Africa that recognizes Taiwan.", "display": "A Swazi kingdom was founded in the mid-18 th century and ruled by a series of kings, including MSWATI II, a 19 th century ruler whose name was adopted for the country and its pred…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1903 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southern Africa, between Mozambique and South Africa", "display": "Southern Africa, between Mozambique and South Africa", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Africa", "display": "Africa", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 17,364 sq km | land: 17,204 sq km | water: 160 sq km", "display": "total : 17,364 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 17364.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "0 km (landlocked)", "display": "0 km (landlocked)", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly mountains and hills; some moderately sloping plains", "display": "mostly mountains and hills; some moderately sloping plains", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "varies from tropical to near temperate", "display": "varies from tropical to near temperate", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Emlembe 1,862 m | lowest point: Great Usutu River 21 m | mean elevation: 305 m", "display": "highest point: Emlembe 1,862 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "drought", "display": "drought", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "asbestos, coal, clay, cassiterite, hydropower, forests, small gold and diamond deposits, quarry stone, and talc", "display": "asbestos, coal, clay, cassiterite, hydropower, forests, small gold and diamond deposits, quarry stone, and talc", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "because of its mountainous terrain, the population distribution is uneven throughout the country, concentrating primarily in valleys and plains as shown in this population distribution map", "display": "because of its mountainous terrain, the population distribution is uneven throughout the country, concentrating primarily in valleys and plains as shown in this population distrib…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 1,137,268 (2025 est.) | male: 557,204 | female: 580,064", "display": "total: 1,137,268 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 1137268.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.87% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.87% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0087, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 24.8% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 2.42% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 24.8% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "English (official, used for government business), siSwati (official)", "display": "English (official, used for government business), siSwati (official)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Christian 90% (Zionist - a blend of Christianity and traditional African religions - 40%, Roman Catholic 20%, other Christian 30% - includes Anglican, Methodist, Church of Jesus Christ, Jehovah's Witness), Muslim 2%, other 8% (includes Baha'i, Buddhist, Hindu, indigenous, Jewish) (2015 est.)", "display": "Christian 90% (Zionist - a blend of Christianity and traditional African religions - 40%, Roman Catholic 20%, other Christian 30% - includes Anglican, Methodist, Church of Jesus C…", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2015 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 60.7 years (2024 est.) | male: 58.7 years | female: 62.8 years", "display": "total population: 60.7 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 60.7, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 24.8 years (2025 est.) | male: 23.4 years | female: 25.8 years", "display": "total: 24.8 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "68,000 MBABANE (capital) (2018)", "display": "68,000 MBABANE (capital) (2018)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 90.8% (2022 est.) | male: 91.1% (2022 est.) | female: 90.4% (2022 est.)", "display": "total population: 90.8% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Kingdom of Eswatini | conventional short form: Eswatini | local long form: Umbuso weSwatini | local short form: eSwatini | former: Swaziland | etymology: the country name derives from 19th century King MSWATI II, under whose rule Swati territory was expanded and unified | note: pronounced ay-swatini or eh-swatini", "display": "conventional long form: Kingdom of Eswatini", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Mbabane (administrative capital); Lobamba (royal and legislative capital) | geographic coordinates: 26 19 S, 31 08 E | time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: the origin of the name is unclear; it may come from the Mbabane River next to the city, whose name is said to derive from the word lubabe , a type of shrub; another theory cites a local chief, Mbabane KUNENE, as the source of the name", "display": "name: Mbabane (administrative capital); Lobamba (royal and legislative capital)", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "absolute monarchy", "display": "absolute monarchy", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "mixed system of civil, common, and customary law", "display": "mixed system of civil, common, and customary law", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: previous 1968, 1978; latest signed by the king 26 July 2005, effective 8 February 2006 | amendment process: proposed at a joint sitting of both houses of Parliament; passage requires majority vote by both houses and/or majority vote in a referendum, and assent of the king; passage of amendments affecting \"specially entrenched\" constitutional provisions requires at least three-fourths majority vote by both houses, passage by simple majority vote in a referendum, and assent of the king; passage of \"entrenched\" provisions requires at least two-thirds majority vote of both houses, passage in a referendum, and assent of the king", "display": "history: previous 1968, 1978; latest signed by the king 26 July 2005, effective 8 February 2006", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1968 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "4 regions; Hhohho, Lubombo, Manzini, Shiselweni", "display": "4 regions; Hhohho, Lubombo, Manzini, Shiselweni", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PCA, SACU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OPCW…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "landlocked southern African economy; South African trade dependent and currency pegging; CMA and SACU member state; COVID-19 economic slowdown; growing utilities inflation; persistent poverty and unemployment; HIV/AIDS labor force disruptions", "display": "landlocked southern African economy; South African trade dependent and currency pegging; CMA and SACU member state; COVID-19 economic slowdown; growing utilities inflation; persis…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$12.885 billion (2024 est.) | $12.553 billion (2023 est.) | $12.135 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$12.885 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 12.885, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$10,400 (2024 est.) | $10,200 (2023 est.) | $10,000 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$10,400 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 10400.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.6% (2024 est.) | 3.4% (2023 est.) | 1.1% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "2.6% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.6% (2019 est.) | 4.8% (2018 est.) | 6.2% (2017 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "2.6% (2019 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.026000000000000002, "estimate_year": 2019 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "34.4% (2024 est.) | 35.1% (2023 est.) | 35.4% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "34.4% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.344, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "soft drink concentrates, coal, forestry, sugar processing, textiles, and apparel", "display": "soft drink concentrates, coal, forestry, sugar processing, textiles, and apparel", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "sugarcane, maize, root vegetables, grapefruits, oranges, milk, pineapples, bananas, beef, sweet potatoes (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "sugarcane, maize, root vegetables, grapefruits, oranges, milk, pineapples, bananas, beef, sweet potatoes (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "scented mixtures, raw sugar, industrial acids/oils/alcohols, garments, wood (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "scented mixtures, raw sugar, industrial acids/oils/alcohols, garments, wood (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, electricity, plastic products, cotton fabric, garments (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, electricity, plastic products, cotton fabric, garments (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 58% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 58% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.58, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 34,000 (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 3 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 34,000 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 34000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 82.3% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 86.1% | electrification - rural areas: 81.6%", "display": "electrification - total population: 82.3% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 3.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 4.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 54.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 37.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 3.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "18.823 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "18.823 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "16 (2025)", "display": "16 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 301 km (2014) | narrow gauge: 301 km (2014) 1.067-m gauge", "display": "total: 301 km (2014)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2014 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "limited supplies of potable water; overhunting depleting wildlife; population growth, deforestation, and overgrazing lead to soil erosion and soil degradation", "display": "limited supplies of potable water; overhunting depleting wildlife; population growth, deforestation, and overgrazing lead to soil erosion and soil degradation", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "1.326 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 410,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 916,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "1.326 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "4.51 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "4.51 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 41.3 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 20.7 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 1.006 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 41.3 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardo…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/eswatini.json" }, { "entity_id": "ethiopia", "name": "Ethiopia", "source_code": "ET", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Africa", "roadmap_country": "Ethiopia", "coverage_region": "Africa", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 156, "published_fact_count": 50, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 121372632.0, "area_sq_km": 1104300.0, "capital": "Addis Ababa", "government_type": "federal parliamentary republic", "life_expectancy_years": 67.7, "urban_population_percent": 23.2, "internet_users_percent": 17.0, "electricity_access_percent": 55.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 2900.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": true }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "The area that is modern-day Ethiopia is rich in cultural and religious diversity with more than 80 ethnic groups. The oldest hominid yet found comes from Ethiopia, and Ethiopia was the second country to officially adopt Christianity in the 4th century A.D. A series of monarchies ruled the area that is now Ethiopia from 980 B.C. to 1855, when the Amhara kingdoms of northern Ethiopia united in an empire under Tewodros II. Many Ethiopians still speak reverently about the Battle of Adwa in 1896, when they defeated Italian forces and won their freedom from colonial rule. | Emperor Haile SELASSIE became an internationally renowned figure in 1935, when he unsuccessfully appealed to the League of Nations to prevent Italy from occupying Ethiopia from 1936 to 1941. SELASSIE survived an attempted coup in 1960, annexed modern-day Eritrea in 1962, and played a leading role in establishing the Organization of African Unity in 1963. However, in 1974, a military junta called the Derg deposed him and established a socialist state. Torn by bloody coups, uprisings, drought, and massive displacement, the Derg regime was toppled in 1991 by a coalition of opposing forces, the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF). The EPRDF became an ethno-federalist political coalition that ruled Ethiopia from 1991 until its dissolution in 2019. Ethiopia adopted its constitution in 1994 and held its first multiparty elections in 1995. | A two-and-a-half-year border war with Eritrea in the late 1990s ended with a peace treaty in 2000. Ethiopia subsequently rejected the 2007 Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission demarcation. This resulted in more than a decade of a tense “no peace, no war” stalemate between the two countries. In 2012, longtime Prime Minister MELES Zenawi died in office and was replaced by his Deputy Prime Minister HAILEMARIAM Desalegn, marking the first peaceful transition of power in decades. Following a wave of popular dissent and anti-government protest that began in 2015, HAILEMARIAM resigned in 2018, and ABIY Ahmed Ali took office the same year as Ethiopia's first ethnic Oromo prime minister. In 2018, ABIY promoted a rapprochement between Ethiopia and Eritrea that was marked with a peace agreement and a reopening of their shared border. In 2019, Ethiopia's nearly 30-year ethnic-based ruling coalition, the EPRDF, merged into a single unity party called the Prosperity Party; however, the lead coalition party, the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF), declined to join. In 2020, a military conflict erupted between forces aligned with the TPLF and the Ethiopian military. The conflict -- which was marked by atrocities committed by all parties -- ended in 2022 with a cessation of hostilities agreement between the TPLF and the Ethiopian Government. However, Ethiopia continues to experience ethnic-based violence as other groups -- including the Oromo Liberation Army (OLA) and Amhara militia Fano -- seek concessions from the Ethiopian Government.", "display": "The area that is modern-day Ethiopia is rich in cultural and religious diversity with more than 80 ethnic groups. The oldest hominid yet found comes from Ethiopia, and Ethiopia wa…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1935 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Eastern Africa, west of Somalia", "display": "Eastern Africa, west of Somalia", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Africa", "display": "Africa", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 1,104,300 sq km | land: 1,096,570 sq km | water: 7,730 sq km | note: area numbers are approximate since a large portion of the Ethiopia-Somalia border is undefined", "display": "total : 1,104,300 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 1104300.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "0 km (landlocked)", "display": "0 km (landlocked)", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "high plateau with central mountain range divided by Great Rift Valley", "display": "high plateau with central mountain range divided by Great Rift Valley", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical monsoon with wide topographic-induced variation", "display": "tropical monsoon with wide topographic-induced variation", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Ras Dejen 4,550 m | lowest point: Danakil Depression -125 m | mean elevation: 1,330 m", "display": "highest point: Ras Dejen 4,550 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "geologically active Great Rift Valley susceptible to earthquakes, volcanic eruptions; frequent droughts | volcanism: volcanic activity in the Great Rift Valley; Erta Ale (613 m) is the country's most active volcano; Dabbahu became active in 2005, forcing evacuations; other historically active volcanoes include Alayta, Dalaffilla, Dallol, Dama Ali, Fentale, Kone, Manda Hararo, and Manda-Inakir", "display": "geologically active Great Rift Valley susceptible to earthquakes, volcanic eruptions; frequent droughts", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2005 }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "small reserves of gold, platinum, copper, potash, natural gas, hydropower", "display": "small reserves of gold, platinum, copper, potash, natural gas, hydropower", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest density is found in the highlands of the north and middle areas of the country, particularly around the centrally located capital city of Addis Ababa; the far east and southeast are sparsely populated, as shown in this population distribution map", "display": "highest density is found in the highlands of the north and middle areas of the country, particularly around the centrally located capital city of Addis Ababa; the far east and sou…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 121,372,632 (2025 est.) | male: 60,461,406 | female: 60,911,226", "display": "total: 121,372,632 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 121372632.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "2.34% (2025 est.)", "display": "2.34% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.023399999999999997, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 23.2% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 4.4% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 23.2% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Oromo (official regional working language) 33.8%, Amharic (official national language) 29.3%, Somali (official regional working language) 6.2%, Tigrigna (Tigrinya) (official regional working language) 5.9%, Sidamo 4%, Wolaytta 2.2%, Gurage 2%, Afar (official regional working language) 1.7%, Hadiyya 1.7%, Gamo 1.5%, Gedeo 1.3%, Opuuo 1.2%, Kafa 1.1%, other 8.1%, English (2007 est.) | major-language sample(s): | Kitaaba Addunyaa Waan Qabataamaatiif - Kan Madda Odeeffannoo bu’uraawaatiif baay’ee barbaachisaa ta’e. (Oromo) | የአለም እውነታ መጽሐፍ፣ ለመሠረታዊ መረጃ እጅግ አስፈላጊ የሆነ ምንጭ። (Amharic) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Oromo (official regional working language) 33.8%, Amharic (official national language) 29.3%, Somali (official regional working language) 6.2%, Tigrigna (Tigrinya) (official regio…", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2007 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Ethiopian Orthodox 43.8%, Muslim 31.3%, Protestant 22.8%, Catholic 0.7%, traditional 0.6%, other 0.8% (2016 est.)", "display": "Ethiopian Orthodox 43.8%, Muslim 31.3%, Protestant 22.8%, Catholic 0.7%, traditional 0.6%, other 0.8% (2016 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2016 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 67.7 years (2024 est.) | male: 65.4 years | female: 70 years", "display": "total population: 67.7 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 67.7, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 20.6 years (2025 est.) | male: 20.2 years | female: 20.7 years", "display": "total: 20.6 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "5.461 million ADDIS ABABA (capital) (2023)", "display": "5.461 million ADDIS ABABA (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 60.5% (2022 est.) | male: 71% (2022 est.) | female: 50% (2022 est.)", "display": "total population: 60.5% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia | conventional short form: Ethiopia | local long form: YeItyop'iya Federalawi Demokrasiyawi Ripeblik | local short form: Ityop'iya | former: Abyssinia, Italian East Africa | abbreviation: FDRE | etymology: the country name derives from the ancient Greek word used to describe the inhabitants, aithiops , meaning \"burnt appearance\"", "display": "conventional long form: Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Addis Ababa | geographic coordinates: 9 02 N, 38 42 E | time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: the name in Amharic means \"new flower;\" Empress TAITU gave the name to the new capital city in 1887", "display": "name: Addis Ababa", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "federal parliamentary republic", "display": "federal parliamentary republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law system", "display": "civil law system", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: several previous; latest drafted June 1994, adopted 8 December 1994, entered into force 21 August 1995 | amendment process: proposals submitted for discussion require two-thirds majority approval in either house of Parliament or majority approval of one-third of the State Councils; passage of amendments other than constitutional articles on fundamental rights and freedoms and the initiation and amendment of the constitution requires two-thirds majority vote in a joint session of Parliament and majority vote by two thirds of the State Councils; passage of amendments affecting rights and freedoms and amendment procedures requires two-thirds majority vote in each house of Parliament and majority vote by all the State Councils", "display": "history: several previous; latest drafted June 1994, adopted 8 December 1994, entered into force 21 August 1995", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1994 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "12 ethnically based regional states ( kililoch , singular - kilil ) and 2 chartered cities* ( astedader akabibiwach , singular - astedader akabibi ); Adis Abeba* (Addis Ababa), Afar, Amara (Amhara), Binshangul Gumuz, Dire Dawa*, Gambela Hizboch (Gambela), Hareri Hizb (Harari), Oromia, Sidama, Sumale, Tigray, YeDebub Biheroch Bihereseboch na Hizboch (Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples), YeDebub M'irab Ityop'iya Hizboch (Southwest Ethiopia Peoples), Southern Ethiopia Peoples", "display": "12 ethnically based regional states ( kililoch , singular - kilil ) and 2 chartered cities* ( astedader akabibiwach , singular - astedader akabibi ); Adis Abeba* (Addis Ababa), Af…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACP, AfDB, ATMIS, AU, BRICS, COMESA, EITI, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMISS, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (accession candidate)", "display": "ACP, AfDB, ATMIS, AU, BRICS, COMESA, EITI, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "low-income, fast-growing Horn of Africa economy; widespread poverty and food insecurity worsened by conflict and environmental factors; landlocked with tensions over seaport access; development aid supporting reforms to boost private-sector growth and financial stability; challenge of creating jobs for growing labor force", "display": "low-income, fast-growing Horn of Africa economy; widespread poverty and food insecurity worsened by conflict and environmental factors; landlocked with tensions over seaport acces…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$380.895 billion (2024 est.) | $354.926 billion (2023 est.) | $332.97 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$380.895 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 380.895, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$2,900 (2024 est.) | $2,800 (2023 est.) | $2,700 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$2,900 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 2900.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "7.3% (2024 est.) | 6.6% (2023 est.) | 5.3% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "7.3% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "21% (2024 est.) | 30.2% (2023 est.) | 33.9% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "21% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.21, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3.4% (2024 est.) | 3.5% (2023 est.) | 3.5% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "3.4% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.034, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "food processing, beverages, textiles, leather, garments, chemicals, metals processing, cement", "display": "food processing, beverages, textiles, leather, garments, chemicals, metals processing, cement", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "maize, cereals, wheat, milk, sorghum, barley, taro, beans, sweet potatoes, potatoes (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "maize, cereals, wheat, milk, sorghum, barley, taro, beans, sweet potatoes, potatoes (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "coffee, garments, dried legumes, cut flowers, oil seeds (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "coffee, garments, dried legumes, cut flowers, oil seeds (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, fertilizers, plastics, raw sugar, cars (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, fertilizers, plastics, raw sugar, cars (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 17% (2021 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 17% (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.17, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 566,000 (2022 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2022 est.) less than 1", "display": "total: 566,000 (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 566000.0, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 55% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 94% | electrification - rural areas: 43%", "display": "electrification - total population: 55% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "solar: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 3.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 96.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | geothermal: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "solar: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "2.366 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "2.366 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "58 (2025)", "display": "58 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 659 km (2017) (Ethiopian segment of the 756 km Addis Ababa-Djibouti railroad) | standard gauge: 659 km (2017) 1.435-m gauge | note: electric railway with redundant power supplies; under joint control of Djibouti and Ethiopia and managed by a Chinese contractor", "display": "total: 659 km (2017) (Ethiopian segment of the 756 km Addis Ababa-Djibouti railroad)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2017 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 12 (2023) | by type: general cargo 10, oil tanker 2", "display": "total: 12 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; loss of biodiversity; water shortages in some areas from water-intensive farming and poor management; industrial pollution and pesticides contribute to air, water, and soil pollution", "display": "deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; loss of biodiversity; water shortages in some areas from water-intensive farming and poor management; industrial polluti…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "18.519 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 3.427 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 15.092 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "18.519 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "122 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "122 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 810 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 51.1 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 9.687 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 810 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection | signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardo…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/ethiopia.json" }, { "entity_id": "european-union", "name": "European Union", "source_code": "EE", "source_entity_class": "supranational", "source_region": "Europe", "roadmap_country": null, "coverage_region": null, "roadmap_status": "additional", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 107, "published_fact_count": 42, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 451815312.0, "area_sq_km": 4236351.0, "capital": "Brussels (Belgium), Strasbourg (France), Luxembourg, Frankfurt (Germany)", "government_type": "a hybrid and unique intergovernmental and supranational organization", "life_expectancy_years": 77.63, "urban_population_percent": null, "internet_users_percent": 90.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 54300.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "In the aftermath and devastation of the two World Wars, a number of far-sighted European leaders in the late 1940s sought to respond to the overwhelming desire for peace and reconciliation on the continent. In 1950, French Foreign Minister Robert SCHUMAN proposed pooling the production of coal and steel in Western Europe, which would bring France and West Germany together and be open to other countries as well. The following year, the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) was set up when six members -- Belgium, France, West Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands -- signed the Treaty of Paris. Within a few years, the ECSC was so successful that member states decided to further integrate their economies. In 1957, envisioning an \"ever closer union,\" the Treaties of Rome created the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom), which eliminated trade barriers among the six member states to create a common market. In 1967, the institutions of all three communities were formally merged into the European Community (EC), creating a single Commission, a single Council of Ministers, and a legislative body known today as the European Parliament. Members of the European Parliament were initially selected by national parliaments, but direct elections began in 1979 and have been held every five years since. | In 1973, the first enlargement of the EC added Denmark, Ireland, and the UK. The 1980s saw further membership expansion, with Greece joining in 1981 and Spain and Portugal in 1986. The 1992 Treaty of Maastricht laid the basis for further cooperation in foreign and defense policy and judicial and internal affairs, as well as the creation of an economic and monetary union -- including a common currency. The Maastricht Treaty created the European Union (EU), at the time standing alongside the EC. In 1995, Austria, Finland, and Sweden joined the EU/EC, raising the total number of member states to 15. On 1 January 1999, the new euro currency was launched in world markets and became the unit of exchange for all EU member states except Denmark, Sweden, and the UK. In 2002, citizens of the 12 participating member states began using euro banknotes and coins. | In an effort to ensure that the EU could function efficiently with an expanded membership, the Treaty of Nice in 2000 set forth rules to streamline the size and procedures of the EU's institutions. An effort to establish a \"Constitution for Europe,\" growing out of a Convention held in 2002-2003, foundered when it was rejected in referenda in France and the Netherlands in 2005. A subsequent effort in 2007 incorporated many features of the rejected draft Constitutional Treaty, while also making a number of substantive as well as symbolic changes. The new treaty, referred to as the Treaty of Lisbon, sought to amend existing treaties rather than replace them. The treaty was approved at a conference of member states, and after all member states ratified, the Lisbon Treaty came into force on 1 December 2009, at which point the EU officially replaced and succeeded the EC. | Ten new countries joined the EU in 2004 -- Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia. Bulgaria and Romania joined in 2007 and Croatia in 2013. UK citizens on 23 June 2016 narrowly voted to leave the EU; the formal exit, widely known as \"Brexit,\" took place on 31 January 2020. The EU and the UK negotiated a withdrawal agreement that included a status quo transition period through December 2020, when the follow-on EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement was concluded. Current EU membership stands at 27. Eight of the newer member states -- Croatia, Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Slovakia, and Slovenia -- have now adopted the euro, bringing total euro-zone membership to 20.", "display": "In the aftermath and devastation of the two World Wars, a number of far-sighted European leaders in the late 1940s sought to respond to the overwhelming desire for peace and recon…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1950 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Europe between the North Atlantic Ocean in the west and Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine to the east", "display": "Europe between the North Atlantic Ocean in the west and Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine to the east", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Europe", "display": "Europe", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 4,236,351 sq km | rank by area (sq km): | 1. France (includes five overseas regions) 643,801 | 2. Spain 505,370 | 3. Sweden 450,295 | 4. Germany 357,022 | 5. Finland 338,145 | 6. Poland 312,685 | 7. Italy 301,340 | 8. Romania 238,391 | 9. Greece 131,957 | 10. Bulgaria 110,879 | 11. Hungary 93,028 | 12. Portugal 92,090 | 13. Austria 83,871 | 14. Czechia 78,867 | 15. Ireland 70,273 | 16. Lithuania 65,300 | 17. Latvia 64,589 | 18. Croatia 56,594 | 19. Slovakia 49,035 | 20. Estonia 45,228 | 21. Denmark 43,094 | 22. Netherlands 41,543 | 23. Belgium 30,528 | 24. Slovenia 20,273 | 25. Cyprus 9,251 | 26. Luxembourg 2,586 | 27. Malta 316", "display": "total : 4,236,351 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 4236351.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "53,563.9 km", "display": "53,563.9 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "fairly flat along Baltic and Atlantic coasts; mountainous in the central and southern areas", "display": "fairly flat along Baltic and Atlantic coasts; mountainous in the central and southern areas", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "cold temperate; potentially subarctic in the north to temperate; mild wet winters; hot dry summers in the south", "display": "cold temperate; potentially subarctic in the north to temperate; mild wet winters; hot dry summers in the south", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Mont Blanc, France 4,810 m | lowest point: Zuidplaspolder, Netherlands -7 m", "display": "highest point: Mont Blanc, France 4,810 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "flooding along coasts; avalanches in mountainous area; earthquakes in the south; volcanic eruptions in Italy; periodic droughts in Spain; ice floes in the Baltic Sea region", "display": "flooding along coasts; avalanches in mountainous area; earthquakes in the south; volcanic eruptions in Italy; periodic droughts in Spain; ice floes in the Baltic Sea region", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "iron ore, natural gas, petroleum, coal, copper, lead, zinc, bauxite, uranium, potash, salt, hydropower, arable land, timber, fish", "display": "iron ore, natural gas, petroleum, coal, copper, lead, zinc, bauxite, uranium, potash, salt, hydropower, arable land, timber, fish", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "population distribution varies considerably from country to country but tends to follow a pattern of coastal and river settlement, with urban agglomerations forming large hubs; the area in and around the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg (known collectively as Benelux), is the most densely populated area in the EU", "display": "population distribution varies considerably from country to country but tends to follow a pattern of coastal and river settlement, with urban agglomerations forming large hubs; th…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 451,815,312 (2024 est.) | male: 220,631,332 | female: 231,183,980", "display": "total: 451,815,312 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 451815312.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.1% (2021 est.)", "display": "0.1% (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.001, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hungarian, Irish, Italian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Maltese, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovak, Slovene, Spanish, Swedish | note: only the 24 official languages are listed; German, the major language of Germany and Austria, is the most widely spoken mother tongue - about 16% of the EU population; English is the most widely spoken foreign language - about 29% of the EU population is conversant with it; English is an official language in Ireland and Malta and thus remained an official EU language after the UK left the bloc (2020)", "display": "Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hungarian, Irish, Italian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Maltese, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian…", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Roman Catholic 41%, Orthodox 10%, Protestant 9%, other Christian 4%, Muslim 2%, other 4% (includes Jewish, Sikh, Buddhist, Hindu), atheist 10%, non-believer/agnostic 17%, unspecified 3% (2019 est.)", "display": "Roman Catholic 41%, Orthodox 10%, Protestant 9%, other Christian 4%, Muslim 2%, other 4% (includes Jewish, Sikh, Buddhist, Hindu), atheist 10%, non-believer/agnostic 17%, unspecif…", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2019 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 77.63 years (2021) | male: 72.98 years | female: 82.51 years", "display": "total population: 77.63 years (2021)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 77.63, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 44 years (2020) | male: 42.6 years | female: 45.5 years", "display": "total: 44 years (2020)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Brussels (Belgium), Strasbourg (France), Luxembourg, Frankfurt (Germany) | geographic coordinates: (Brussels) 50 50 N, 4 20 E | time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1 hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October | time zone note: the 27 European Union member states are spread across three time zones | note: the European Council and the Council of the European Union meet in Brussels, Belgium, except for Council of the EU meetings held in Luxembourg in April, June, and October; the European Parliament meets in Brussels and Strasbourg, France, and has administrative offices in Luxembourg; the Court of Justice of the European Union is located in Luxembourg; and the European Central Bank is located in Frankfurt, Germany", "display": "name: Brussels (Belgium), Strasbourg (France), Luxembourg, Frankfurt (Germany)", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "a hybrid and unique intergovernmental and supranational organization", "display": "a hybrid and unique intergovernmental and supranational organization", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "unique supranational system in which EU treaties and EU law have primacy over member-state law", "display": "unique supranational system in which EU treaties and EU law have primacy over member-state law", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: none; the EU legal order relies primarily on the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU (TFEU) | amendment process: EU treaties can be amended in several ways: | 1) Ordinary Revision Procedure (for key amendments to the treaties); initiated by an EU member state, the European Parliament, or the European Commission; after the proposal is adopted by the European Council, a conference of national government representatives then reviews the proposal; passage requires ratification by all EU member states | 2) Simplified Revision Procedure (for amendment of EU internal policies and actions); passage of a proposal requires unanimous European Council vote after European Council consultation with the European Commission, the European Parliament, and the European Central Bank (if the amendment concerns monetary matters) and requires ratification by all EU member states | 3) Passerelle Clause; allows the alteration of a legislative procedure without a formal amendment of the treaties | 4) Flexibility Clause; permits the EU to decide in subject areas where EU competences have not been explicitly granted in the treaties but are necessary to the attainment of treaty objectives", "display": "history: none; the EU legal order relies primarily on the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU (TFEU)", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ARF, ASEAN (dialogue member), Australian Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS, CERN, EBRD, FAO, FATF, G-7, G-10, G-20, IDA, IEA, IGAD (partners), LAIA (observer), NSG (observer), OAS (observer), OECD, PIF (partner), SAARC (observer), SICA (observer), UN (observer), UNRWA (observer), WCO, WTO, ZC (observer)", "display": "ARF, ASEAN (dialogue member), Australian Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS, CERN, EBRD, FAO, FATF, G-7, G-10, G-20, IDA, IEA, IGAD (partners), LAIA (observer), NSG (observer), OAS…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$24.441 trillion (2024 est.) | $24.17 trillion (2023 est.) | $24.036 trillion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$24.441 trillion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 24441.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$54,300 (2024 est.) | $53,800 (2023 est.) | $53,700 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$54,300 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 54300.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "1% (2024 est.) | 0.5% (2023 est.) | 3.5% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "1% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.4% (2024 est.) | 6.3% (2023 est.) | 8.8% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "2.4% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.024, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "6% (2024 est.) | 6.1% (2023 est.) | 6.2% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "6% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.06, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "among the world's largest and most technologically advanced regions, the EU industrial base includes: ferrous and non-ferrous metal production and processing, metal products, petroleum, coal, cement, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, aerospace, rail transportation equipment, passenger and commercial vehicles, construction equipment, industrial equipment, shipbuilding, electrical power equipment, machine tools and automated manufacturing systems, electronics and telecommunications equipment, fishing, food and beverages, furniture, paper, textiles", "display": "among the world's largest and most technologically advanced regions, the EU industrial base includes: ferrous and non-ferrous metal production and processing, metal products, petr…", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "milk, wheat, sugar beets, maize, potatoes, barley, grapes, pork, rapeseed, tomatoes (2022) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage for all EU member states", "display": "milk, wheat, sugar beets, maize, potatoes, barley, grapes, pork, rapeseed, tomatoes (2022)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "cars, packaged medicine, refined petroleum, vehicle parts/accessories, vaccines (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars; includes both exports to external partners and internal trade among EU member states", "display": "cars, packaged medicine, refined petroleum, vehicle parts/accessories, vaccines (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "cars, crude petroleum, natural gas, refined petroleum, vehicle parts/accessories (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars; includes both imports from external partners and internal trade among EU member states", "display": "cars, crude petroleum, natural gas, refined petroleum, vehicle parts/accessories (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 90% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 90% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.9, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 172.888 million (2022 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 39 (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 172.888 million (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 172888000.0, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 33.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | nuclear: 22.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 9.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 17.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 11.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | geothermal: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 33.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "114.309 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "114.309 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "5,211 (2025)", "display": "5,211 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 4,894,173 km (2019)", "display": "total: 4,894,173 km (2019)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2019 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "various forms of air, soil, and water pollution; see individual country entries", "display": "various forms of air, soil, and water pollution; see individual country entries", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "2.651 billion metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 518.857 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 1.489 billion metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 643.8 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "2.651 billion metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "1.7 trillion cubic meters (2019)", "display": "1.7 trillion cubic meters (2019)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2019 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 2006 | signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds", "display": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/european-union.json" }, { "entity_id": "falkland-islands-islas-malvinas", "name": "Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)", "source_code": "FK", "source_entity_class": "dependency-or-territory", "source_region": "South America", "roadmap_country": null, "coverage_region": null, "roadmap_status": "additional", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 87, "published_fact_count": 38, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 3142.0, "area_sq_km": 12173.0, "capital": "Stanley", "government_type": "parliamentary democracy (Legislative Assembly); self-governing overseas territory of the UK", "life_expectancy_years": null, "urban_population_percent": 79.7, "internet_users_percent": 99.0, "electricity_access_percent": null, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 70800.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2015, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Although first sighted by an English navigator in 1592, the first landing (English) did not occur until almost a century later in 1690, and the first settlement (French) was not established until 1764. The colony was turned over to Spain two years later, and the islands have since been the subject of a territorial dispute, first between Britain and Spain, then between Britain and Argentina. The UK asserted its claim to the islands by establishing a naval garrison there in 1833. Argentina invaded the islands in 1982. The British responded with an expeditionary force and after fierce fighting forced an Argentine surrender on 14 June 1982. With hostilities ended and Argentine forces withdrawn, UK administration resumed. In response to renewed calls from Argentina for Britain to relinquish control of the islands, a referendum was held in 2013 that resulted in 99.8% of the population voting to remain a part of the UK.", "display": "Although first sighted by an English navigator in 1592, the first landing (English) did not occur until almost a century later in 1690, and the first settlement (French) was not e…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1982 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, about 500 km east of southern Argentina", "display": "Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, about 500 km east of southern Argentina", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "South America", "display": "South America", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 12,173 sq km | land: 12,173 sq km | water: 0 sq km | note: includes the two main islands of East and West Falkland and about 200 small islands", "display": "total : 12,173 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 12173.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "1,288 km", "display": "1,288 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "rocky, hilly, mountainous with some boggy, undulating plains", "display": "rocky, hilly, mountainous with some boggy, undulating plains", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "cold marine; strong westerly winds, cloudy, humid; rain occurs on more than half of days in year; average annual rainfall is 60 cm in Stanley; occasional snow all year, except in January and February, but typically does not accumulate", "display": "cold marine; strong westerly winds, cloudy, humid; rain occurs on more than half of days in year; average annual rainfall is 60 cm in Stanley; occasional snow all year, except in…", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Mount Usborne 705 m | lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m", "display": "highest point: Mount Usborne 705 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "strong winds persist throughout the year", "display": "strong winds persist throughout the year", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "fish, squid, wildlife, calcified seaweed, sphagnum moss", "display": "fish, squid, wildlife, calcified seaweed, sphagnum moss", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "a very small population, with most residents living in and around Stanley", "display": "a very small population, with most residents living in and around Stanley", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 3,142 (2021) | male: 1,645 | female: 1,497 | note: data include all persons usually resident in the islands at the time of the 2021 census", "display": "total: 3,142 (2021)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 3142.0, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.01% (2014 est.)", "display": "0.01% (2014 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0001, "estimate_year": 2014 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 79.7% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.53% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 79.7% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "English 89%, Spanish 7.7%, other 3.3% (2006 est.)", "display": "English 89%, Spanish 7.7%, other 3.3% (2006 est.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Christian 57.1%, other 1.6%, none 35.4%, unspecified 6% (2016 est.)", "display": "Christian 57.1%, other 1.6%, none 35.4%, unspecified 6% (2016 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2016 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: (2017 est.) 77.9 | male: 75.6 | female: 79.6", "display": "total population: (2017 est.) 77.9", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2017 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "2,000 STANLEY (capital) (2018)", "display": "2,000 STANLEY (capital) (2018)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: none | conventional short form: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) | etymology: the archipelago takes its name from the Falkland Sound, the strait separating the two main islands; the channel was named after the Fifth Viscount of FALKLAND, who sponsored an expedition to the islands in 1690; the Spanish name for the archipelago derives from the French \"Iles Malouines,\" meaning Islands of Malo, the name French explorer Louis-Antoine de BOUGAINVILLE gave the islands in 1764 in honor of the French port of Saint-Malo", "display": "conventional long form: none", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Stanley | geographic coordinates: 51 42 S, 57 51 W | time difference: UTC-3 (2 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: named in 1844 after Edward SMITH-STANLEY, the 14th Earl of Derby", "display": "name: Stanley", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary democracy (Legislative Assembly); self-governing overseas territory of the UK", "display": "parliamentary democracy (Legislative Assembly); self-governing overseas territory of the UK", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "English common law and local statutes", "display": "English common law and local statutes", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: previous 1985; latest entered into force 1 January 2009 (The Falkland Islands Constitution Order 2008)", "display": "history: previous 1985; latest entered into force 1 January 2009 (The Falkland Islands Constitution Order 2008)", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1985 }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "UPU", "display": "UPU", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "British South American territorial economy; longstanding fishing industry; surging tourism prior to COVID-19 and Brexit; recent offshore hydrocarbon discoveries threaten ecotourism industries; no central bank and must have British approval on currency shifts", "display": "British South American territorial economy; longstanding fishing industry; surging tourism prior to COVID-19 and Brexit; recent offshore hydrocarbon discoveries threaten ecotouris…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$70,800 (2015 est.) | $63,000 (2014 est.)", "display": "$70,800 (2015 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 70800.0, "estimate_year": 2015 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "fish and wool processing; tourism", "display": "fish and wool processing; tourism", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "fodder and vegetable crops; venison, sheep, dairy products; fish, squid", "display": "fodder and vegetable crops; venison, sheep, dairy products; fish, squid", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "shellfish, fish, wool, sheep and goat meat (2023) | note: top export commodities based on value in dollars over $500,000", "display": "shellfish, fish, wool, sheep and goat meat (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, aircraft parts, prefabricated buildings, plastic products, surveying equipment (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, aircraft parts, prefabricated buildings, plastic products, surveying equipment (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 99% (2021 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 99% (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.99, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 1,000 (2020 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 33 (2020 est.)", "display": "total: 1,000 (2020 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 1000.0, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 73.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 26.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 73.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "34 (2025)", "display": "34 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 1 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 1 | small: 0 | very small: 0 | ports with oil terminals: 1 | key ports: Stanley", "display": "total ports: 1 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 2 (2023) | by type: general cargo 1, other 1", "display": "total: 2 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "overfishing by unlicensed vessels; grazing threatens important habitats; soil erosion from fires", "display": "overfishing by unlicensed vessels; grazing threatens important habitats; soil erosion from fires", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "36,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 36,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "36,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/falkland-islands-islas-malvinas.json" }, { "entity_id": "faroe-islands", "name": "Faroe Islands", "source_code": "FO", "source_entity_class": "dependency-or-territory", "source_region": "Europe", "roadmap_country": null, "coverage_region": null, "roadmap_status": "additional", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 103, "published_fact_count": 43, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 52933.0, "area_sq_km": 1393.0, "capital": "Torshavn", "government_type": "parliamentary democracy (Faroese Parliament); part of the Kingdom of Denmark", "life_expectancy_years": 81.7, "urban_population_percent": 43.0, "internet_users_percent": 98.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 70400.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2023, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "The Faroe Islands were already populated by about A.D. 500, but whether the original settlers were Celtic or early Norse (or someone else) has yet to be determined. Viking settlers arrived on the islands in the 9th century, and the islands served as an important stepping stone for medieval Viking exploration of the North Atlantic. The islands have been connected politically to Denmark since the 14th century, and today the Faroe Islands are a self-governing dependency of Denmark. The Home Rule Act of 1948 granted a high degree of self-government to the Faroese, who have autonomy over most internal affairs and external trade, while Denmark is responsible for justice, defense, and some foreign affairs. The Faroe Islands are not part of the European Union.", "display": "The Faroe Islands were already populated by about A.D. 500, but whether the original settlers were Celtic or early Norse (or someone else) has yet to be determined. Viking settler…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1948 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Northern Europe, island group between the Norwegian Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, about halfway between Iceland and Norway", "display": "Northern Europe, island group between the Norwegian Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, about halfway between Iceland and Norway", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Europe", "display": "Europe", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 1,393 sq km | land: 1,393 sq km | water: 0 sq km (some lakes and streams)", "display": "total : 1,393 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 1393.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "1,117 km", "display": "1,117 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "rugged, rocky, some low peaks; cliffs along most of coast", "display": "rugged, rocky, some low peaks; cliffs along most of coast", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mild winters, cool summers; usually overcast; foggy, windy", "display": "mild winters, cool summers; usually overcast; foggy, windy", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Slaettaratindur 882 m | lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m", "display": "highest point: Slaettaratindur 882 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "strong winds and heavy rains can occur throughout the year", "display": "strong winds and heavy rains can occur throughout the year", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "fish, whales, hydropower, possible oil and gas", "display": "fish, whales, hydropower, possible oil and gas", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "the island of Streymoy is by far the most populous with over 40% of the population; it has approximately twice as many inhabitants as Eysturoy, the second most populous island; seven of the inhabited islands have fewer than 100 people", "display": "the island of Streymoy is by far the most populous with over 40% of the population; it has approximately twice as many inhabitants as Eysturoy, the second most populous island; se…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 52,933 (2024 est.) | male: 27,400 | female: 25,533", "display": "total: 52,933 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 52933.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.62% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.62% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0062, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 43% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.89% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 43% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Faroese 93.8% (derived from Old Norse), Danish 3.2%, other 3% (2011 est.) | note: data represent population by primary language", "display": "Faroese 93.8% (derived from Old Norse), Danish 3.2%, other 3% (2011 est.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2011 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Christian 87% (predominantly Evangelical Lutheran), other 0.9%, none 3.7%, unspecified 8.9% (2011 est.)", "display": "Christian 87% (predominantly Evangelical Lutheran), other 0.9%, none 3.7%, unspecified 8.9% (2011 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2011 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 81.7 years (2024 est.) | male: 79.2 years | female: 84.4 years", "display": "total population: 81.7 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 81.7, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 37 years (2025 est.) | male: 36.9 years | female: 36.8 years", "display": "total: 37 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "21,000 TORSHAVN (capital) (2018)", "display": "21,000 TORSHAVN (capital) (2018)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: none | conventional short form: Faroe Islands | local long form: none | local short form: Foroyar | etymology: the archipelago's name derives from the Old Norse name Faeroyar, meaning \"sheep islands;\" faer means \"sheep,\" and - oyar means \"islands\"", "display": "conventional long form: none", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Torshavn | geographic coordinates: 62 00 N, 6 46 W | time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October | etymology: the name means \"Thor's harbor\" in Danish", "display": "name: Torshavn", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary democracy (Faroese Parliament); part of the Kingdom of Denmark", "display": "parliamentary democracy (Faroese Parliament); part of the Kingdom of Denmark", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "the laws of Denmark apply", "display": "the laws of Denmark apply", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: 5 June 1953 (Danish Constitution), 23 March 1948 (Home Rule Act), and 24 June 2005 (Takeover Act) serve as the Faroe Islands' constitutional position in the Unity of the Realm | amendment process: see entry for Denmark", "display": "history: 5 June 1953 (Danish Constitution), 23 March 1948 (Home Rule Act), and 24 June 2005 (Takeover Act) serve as the Faroe Islands' constitutional position in the Unity of the…", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1953 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "29 first-order municipalities ( kommunur , singular - kommuna ) Eidhi, Eystur, Famjin, Fuglafjordhur, Fugloy, Hov, Husavik, Hvalba, Hvannasund, Klaksvik, Kunoy, Kvivik, Nes, Porkeri, Runavik, Sandur, Sjovar, Skalavik, Skopun, Skuvoy, 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Schengen Area; associate Nordic Council member; very low unemployment; unique foreign ownership allowance in fishing industry; known salmon exporter; growing IT industries", "display": "high-income Danish territorial economy; party neither to the EU nor the Schengen Area; associate Nordic Council member; very low unemployment; unique foreign ownership allowance i…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$3.834 billion (2023 est.) | $3.741 billion (2022 est.) | $3.613 billion (2021 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$3.834 billion (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 3.834, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$70,400 (2023 est.) | $69,400 (2022 est.) 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"Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "milk, potatoes, lamb/mutton, sheepskins, sheep offal, beef, sheep fat, beef offal, cattle hides, beef suet (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "milk, potatoes, lamb/mutton, sheepskins, sheep offal, beef, sheep fat, beef offal, cattle hides, beef suet (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "fish and fish products (2021)", "display": "fish and fish products (2021)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "goods for household consumption, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, raw materials and semi-manufactures, cars", "display": "goods 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"infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 99.9% | electrification - rural areas: 100%", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 53.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 18.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 26.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 53.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "1 (2025)", "display": "1 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 9 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 0 | very small: 9 | ports with oil terminals: 5 | key ports: Fuglafjordur, Klaksvik, Kongshavn, Runavik, Sorvagur, Torshavn, Tvoroyri, Vagur, Vestmanna", "display": "total ports: 9 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 91 (2023) | by type: container ships 6, general cargo 45, other 40", "display": "total: 91 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "coastal erosion, landslides and rockfalls, flash flooding, wind storms; oil spills", "display": "coastal erosion, landslides and rockfalls, flash flooding, wind storms; oil spills", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "742,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 742,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "742,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/faroe-islands.json" }, { "entity_id": "fiji", "name": "Fiji", "source_code": "FJ", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Oceania", "roadmap_country": "Fiji", "coverage_region": "Oceania", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 143, "published_fact_count": 51, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 951611.0, "area_sq_km": 18274.0, "capital": "Suva (on Viti Levu)", "government_type": "parliamentary republic", "life_expectancy_years": 74.8, "urban_population_percent": 58.7, "internet_users_percent": 79.0, "electricity_access_percent": 92.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 14100.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Austronesians settled Fiji around 1000 B.C., followed by successive waves of Melanesians starting around the first century A.D. Fijians traded with Polynesian groups in Samoa and Tonga, and by about 900, much of Fiji was in the Tu’i Tongan Empire’s sphere of influence. The Tongan influence declined significantly by 1200, while Melanesian seafarers continued to periodically arrive in Fiji, further mixing Melanesian and Polynesian cultural traditions. The first European spotted Fiji in 1643 and by the 1800s, European merchants, missionaries, traders, and whalers frequented the islands. Rival kings and chiefs competed for power, at times aided by Europeans, and in 1865, Seru Epenisa CAKOBAU united many groups into the Confederacy of Independent Kingdoms of Viti. The arrangement proved weak, however, and in 1871 CAKOBAU formed the Kingdom of Fiji in an attempt to centralize power. Fearing a hostile takeover by a foreign power as the kingdom’s economy began to falter, CAKOBAU ceded Fiji to the UK in 1874. | The first British governor set up a plantation-style economy and brought in more than 60,000 Indians as indentured laborers, most of whom chose to stay in Fiji rather than return to India when their contracts expired. In the early 1900s, society was divided along ethnic lines, with iTaukei (indigenous Fijians), Europeans, and Indo-Fijians living in separate areas and maintaining their own languages and traditions. ITaukei fears of an Indo-Fijian takeover of government delayed independence through the 1960s; Fiji achieved independence in 1970 with agreements to allocate parliamentary seats by ethnic groups. After two coups in 1987, a new constitution in 1990 cemented iTaukei control of politics, leading thousands of Indo-Fijians to leave. A reformed constitution in 1997 was more equitable and led to the election of an Indo-Fijian prime minister in 1999, who was ousted in a coup the following year. In 2005, the new prime minister put forward a bill that would grant pardons to the coup perpetrators, leading Josaia Voreqe \"Frank\" BAINIMARAMA to launch a coup in 2006. BAINIMARAMA appointed himself prime minister in 2007 and retained the position after elections in 2014 and 2018 that international observers deemed credible. BAINIMARAMA's party lost control of the prime minister position after elections in 2022 with former opposition leader Sitiveni Ligamamada RABUKA winning the office by a narrow margin.", "display": "Austronesians settled Fiji around 1000 B.C., followed by successive waves of Melanesians starting around the first century A.D. Fijians traded with Polynesian groups in Samoa and…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1970 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Oceania, island group in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand", "display": "Oceania, island group in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Oceania", "display": "Oceania", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 18,274 sq km | land: 18,274 sq km | water: 0 sq km", "display": "total : 18,274 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 18274.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "1,129 km", "display": "1,129 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly mountains of volcanic origin", "display": "mostly mountains of volcanic origin", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical marine; only slight seasonal temperature variation", "display": "tropical marine; only slight seasonal temperature variation", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Tomanivi 1,324 m | lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m", "display": "highest point: Tomanivi 1,324 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "cyclonic storms can occur from November to January", "display": "cyclonic storms can occur from November to January", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "timber, fish, gold, copper, offshore oil potential, hydropower", "display": "timber, fish, gold, copper, offshore oil potential, hydropower", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "approximately 70% of the population lives on the island of Viti Levu; roughly half of the population lives in urban areas", "display": "approximately 70% of the population lives on the island of Viti Levu; roughly half of the population lives in urban areas", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 951,611 (2024 est.) | male: 482,304 | female: 469,307", "display": "total: 951,611 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 951611.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.38% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.38% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0038, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban 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"people", "content": "178,000 SUVA (capital) (2018)", "display": "178,000 SUVA (capital) (2018)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "female: 92.4% (2021 est.)", "display": "female: 92.4% (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Fiji | conventional short form: Fiji | local long form: Republic of Fiji (English)/ Matanitu ko Viti (Fijian) | local short form: Fiji (English)/ Viti (Fijian) | etymology: the Fijians called their home Viti, but the neighboring Tongans called it Fisi; in the Anglicized spelling of the Tongan pronunciation -- promulgated by explorer Captain James COOK -- the designation became Fiji", 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"lens": "institutions", "content": "14 provinces and 1 dependency*; Ba, Bua, Cakaudrove, Kadavu, Lau, Lomaiviti, Macuata, Nadroga and Navosa, Naitasiri, Namosi, Ra, Rewa, Rotuma*, Serua, Tailevu", "display": "14 provinces and 1 dependency*; Ba, Bua, Cakaudrove, Kadavu, Lau, Lomaiviti, Macuata, Nadroga and Navosa, Naitasiri, Namosi, Ra, Rewa, Rotuma*, Serua, Tailevu", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACP, ADB, AOSIS, C, CP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, OPCW, PCA, PIF, Sparteca (suspended), SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ACP, ADB, AOSIS, C, CP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, 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prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "4.5% (2024 est.) | 2.3% (2023 est.) | 4.3% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "4.5% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.045, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "4.4% (2024 est.) | 4.4% (2023 est.) | 4.5% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "4.4% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.044000000000000004, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "tourism, sugar processing, clothing, copra, gold, silver, lumber", "display": "tourism, sugar processing, clothing, copra, gold, silver, lumber", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { 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"lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, medical instruments, cars, broadcasting equipment, plastics (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, medical instruments, cars, broadcasting equipment, plastics (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 79% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 79% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.79, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 23,000 (2022 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 3 (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 23,000 (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 23000.0, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 92% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 97.6% | electrification - rural areas: 86.8%", "display": "electrification - total population: 92% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 36.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 1.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 52.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 10% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 36.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "25.375 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "25.375 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "26 (2025)", "display": "26 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 5 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 2 | very small: 3 | ports with oil terminals: 4 | key ports: Lautoka Harbor, Levuka, Malai, Savusavu Bay, Suva Harbor", "display": "total ports: 5 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 597 km (2008) | narrow gauge: 597 km (2008) 0.600-m gauge | note: belongs to the government-owned Fiji Sugar Corporation; used to haul sugarcane during the harvest season, which runs from May to December", "display": "total: 597 km (2008)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2008 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 74 (2023) | by type: general cargo 21, oil tanker 4, other 49", "display": "total: 74 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "air pollution from waste incineration and vehicle emissions; deforestation and soil erosion; soil erosion from clearing land by bush burning", "display": "air pollution from waste incineration and vehicle emissions; deforestation and soil erosion; soil erosion from clearing land by bush burning", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "1.432 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 12 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 1.432 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "1.432 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "28.55 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "28.55 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 25.3 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 9.6 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 50 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 25.3 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/fiji.json" }, { "entity_id": "finland", "name": "Finland", "source_code": "FI", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Europe", "roadmap_country": "Finland", "coverage_region": "Europe", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 147, "published_fact_count": 51, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 5550449.0, "area_sq_km": 338145.0, "capital": "Helsinki", "government_type": "parliamentary republic", "life_expectancy_years": 82.2, "urban_population_percent": 85.8, "internet_users_percent": 94.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 55600.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Finland was a province and then a grand duchy under Sweden from the 12th to the 19th centuries and an autonomous grand duchy of Russia after 1809. It gained complete independence in 1917. During World War II, Finland successfully defended its independence through cooperation with Germany and resisted subsequent invasions by the Soviet Union, albeit with some loss of territory. During the next half-century, Finland transformed from a farm/forest economy to a diversified modern industrial economy; per-capita income is among the highest in Western Europe. A member of the EU since 1995, Finland was the only Nordic state to join the euro single currency at its initiation in January 1999. In the 21st century, the key features of Finland's modern welfare state are high-quality education, promotion of equality, and a national social welfare system, although the system is currently facing the challenges of an aging population and the fluctuations of an export-driven economy. Following Russia's invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Finland opted to join NATO; it became the organization's 31st member in April 2023.", "display": "Finland was a province and then a grand duchy under Sweden from the 12th to the 19th centuries and an autonomous grand duchy of Russia after 1809. It gained complete independence…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1917 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of Finland, between Sweden and Russia", "display": "Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of Finland, between Sweden and Russia", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Europe", "display": "Europe", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 338,145 sq km | land: 303,815 sq km | water: 34,330 sq km", "display": "total : 338,145 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 338145.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "1,250 km", "display": "1,250 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly low, flat to rolling plains interspersed with lakes and low hills", "display": "mostly low, flat to rolling plains interspersed with lakes and low hills", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "cold temperate; potentially subarctic but comparatively mild because of moderating influence of the North Atlantic Current, Baltic Sea, and more than 60,000 lakes", "display": "cold temperate; potentially subarctic but comparatively mild because of moderating influence of the North Atlantic Current, Baltic Sea, and more than 60,000 lakes", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Halti (alternatively Haltia, Haltitunturi, Haltiatunturi) 1,328 m | lowest point: Baltic Sea 0 m | mean elevation: 164 m", "display": "highest point: Halti (alternatively Haltia, Haltitunturi, Haltiatunturi) 1,328 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "severe winters in the north", "display": "severe winters in the north", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "timber, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, chromite, nickel, gold, silver, limestone", "display": "timber, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, chromite, nickel, gold, silver, limestone", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "the vast majority of people are found in the south; the northern interior areas remain sparsely populated", "display": "the vast majority of people are found in the south; the northern interior areas remain sparsely populated", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 5,550,449 (2025 est.) | male: 2,750,057 | female: 2,800,392", "display": "total: 5,550,449 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 5550449.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.02% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.02% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0002, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 85.8% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.42% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 85.8% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Finnish (official) 85.9%, Swedish (official) 5.2%, Russian 1.7%, other 7.2% (2022 est.) | major-language sample(s): | World Factbook, korvaamaton perustietolähde. (Finnish) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Finnish (official) 85.9%, Swedish (official) 5.2%, Russian 1.7%, other 7.2% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Lutheran 66.6%, Greek Orthodox 1.1%, other 1.7%, none 30.6% (2022 est.)", "display": "Lutheran 66.6%, Greek Orthodox 1.1%, other 1.7%, none 30.6% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 82.2 years (2024 est.) | male: 79.3 years | female: 85.2 years", "display": "total population: 82.2 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 82.2, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 44 years (2025 est.) | male: 41.8 years | female: 44.9 years", "display": "total: 44 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.338 million HELSINKI (capital) (2023)", "display": "1.338 million HELSINKI (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 20 years (2023 est.) | male: 18 years (2023 est.) | female: 21 years (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 20 years (2023 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Finland | conventional short form: Finland | local long form: Suomen tasavalta (Finnish)/ Republiken Finland (Swedish) | local short form: Suomi (Finnish)/ Finland (Swedish) | etymology: name derives from the Finns, an ethnic group in northeastern Europe; their name comes from the Germanic word finna , meaning \"fish scale;\" the local name, Suomi, may come from two local words: suo , meaning \"marsh,\" and maa , meaning \"land\"", "display": "conventional long form: Republic of Finland", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Helsinki | geographic coordinates: 60 10 N, 24 56 E | time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October | etymology: the modern name is a Finnish derivation; King Gustav VASA of Sweden founded the city in 1550 as Helsingfors; the name came from Helsing , the Old Norwegian name for a local people, and the word fors , or \"waterfall,\" referring to a waterfall at the city's original location on the Vantaa River", "display": "name: Helsinki", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary republic", "display": "parliamentary republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law system based on the Swedish model", "display": "civil law system based on the Swedish model", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: previous 1906, 1919; latest drafted 17 June 1997, approved by Parliament 11 June 1999, entered into force 1 March 2000 | amendment process: proposed by Parliament; passage normally requires simple majority vote in two readings in the first parliamentary session and at least two-thirds majority vote in a single reading by the newly elected Parliament; proposals declared \"urgent\" by five-sixths of Parliament members can be passed by at least two-thirds majority vote in the first parliamentary session only", "display": "history: previous 1906, 1919; latest drafted 17 June 1997, approved by Parliament 11 June 1999, entered into force 1 March 2000", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1906 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "19 regions ( maakunnat , singular - maakunta (Finnish); landskapen , singular - landskapet (Swedish)); Aland (Swedish), Ahvenanmaa (Finnish); Etela-Karjala (Finnish), Sodra Karelen (Swedish) [South Karelia]; Etela-Pohjanmaa (Finnish), Sodra Osterbotten (Swedish) [South Ostrobothnia]; Etela-Savo (Finnish), Sodra Savolax (Swedish) [South Savo]; Kanta-Hame (Finnish), Egentliga Tavastland (Swedish); Kainuu (Finnish), Kajanaland (Swedish); Keski-Pohjanmaa (Finnish), Mellersta Osterbotten (Swedish) [Central Ostrobothnia]; Keski-Suomi (Finnish), Mellersta Finland (Swedish) [Central Finland]; Kymenlaakso (Finnish), Kymmenedalen (Swedish); Lappi (Finnish), Lappland (Swedish); Paijat-Hame (Finnish), Paijanne-Tavastland (Swedish); Pirkanmaa (Finnish), Birkaland (Swedish) [Tampere]; Pohjanmaa (Finnish), Osterbotten (Swedish) [Ostrobothnia]; Pohjois-Karjala (Finnish), Norra Karelen (Swedish) [North Karelia]; Pohjois-Pohjanmaa (Finnish), Norra Osterbotten (Swedish) [North Ostrobothnia]; Pohjois-Savo (Finnish), Norra Savolax (Swedish) [North Savo]; Satakunta (Finnish and Swedish); Uusimaa (Finnish), Nyland (Swedish) [Newland]; Varsinais-Suomi (Finnish), Egentliga Finland (Swedish) [Southwest Finland]", "display": "19 regions ( maakunnat , singular - maakunta (Finnish); landskapen , singular - landskapet (Swedish)); Aland (Swedish), Ahvenanmaa (Finnish); Etela-Karjala (Finnish), Sodra Karele…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-9, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club, PCA, PFP, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMIL, UNMOGIP, UNOOSA, UNRWA, UNSOM, UNTSO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC", "display": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), EMU, ESA, EU, FAO…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "high-income, export-based EU and eurozone economy; major timber, metals, engineering, telecom, and electronics industries; emerging from recession triggered by inflation, weak consumer and export demand, and lower private investment; labor market reform plan to address structural rigidities", "display": "high-income, export-based EU and eurozone economy; major timber, metals, engineering, telecom, and electronics industries; emerging from recession triggered by inflation, weak con…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$313.591 billion (2024 est.) | $314.075 billion (2023 est.) | $317.078 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$313.591 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 313.591, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$55,600 (2024 est.) | $56,200 (2023 est.) | $57,100 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$55,600 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 55600.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "-0.2% (2024 est.) | -0.9% (2023 est.) | 0.8% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "-0.2% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "1.6% (2024 est.) | 6.3% (2023 est.) | 7.1% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "1.6% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.016, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "8.3% (2024 est.) | 7.2% (2023 est.) | 6.8% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "8.3% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.083, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "metals and metal products, electronics, machinery and scientific instruments, shipbuilding, pulp and paper, foodstuffs, chemicals, textiles, clothing", "display": "metals and metal products, electronics, machinery and scientific instruments, shipbuilding, pulp and paper, foodstuffs, chemicals, textiles, clothing", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "milk, barley, oats, wheat, potatoes, sugar beets, pork, chicken, peas, rye (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "milk, barley, oats, wheat, potatoes, sugar beets, pork, chicken, peas, rye (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "paper, refined petroleum, steel, wood pulp, ships (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "paper, refined petroleum, steel, wood pulp, ships (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "crude petroleum, cars, refined petroleum, packaged medicine, broadcasting equipment (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "crude petroleum, cars, refined petroleum, packaged medicine, broadcasting equipment (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 94% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 94% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.94, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 1.98 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 35 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 1.98 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 1980000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 5.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | nuclear: 41.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 0.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 18.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 19.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 13.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 5.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "183.54 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "183.54 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "98 (2025)", "display": "98 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 37 (2024) | large: 5 | medium: 7 | small: 11 | very small: 14 | ports with oil terminals: 21 | key ports: Helsinki, Kaskinen, Kokkola, Kotka, Kristinestad, Mantyluoto, Oulu, Pietarsaari, Pori, Rauma, Turku, Vaasa", "display": "total ports: 37 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 5,918 km (2020) 3,349 km electrified", "display": "total: 5,918 km (2020) 3,349 km electrified", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 282 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 9, general cargo 75, oil tanker 4, other 194", "display": "total: 282 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "limited air pollution in urban centers; some water pollution from industrial wastes, agricultural chemicals; habitat loss threatens wildlife populations", "display": "limited air pollution in urban centers; some water pollution from industrial wastes, agricultural chemicals; habitat loss threatens wildlife populations", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "33.594 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 7.536 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 23.069 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 2.989 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "33.594 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "110 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "110 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 500 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 1.299 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 1 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 500 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/finland.json" }, { "entity_id": "france", "name": "France", "source_code": "FR", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "metropolitan France: Europe", "roadmap_country": "France", "coverage_region": "Europe", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 158, "published_fact_count": 51, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 68512806.0, "area_sq_km": 643801.0, "capital": "Paris", "government_type": "semi-presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 82.6, "urban_population_percent": 81.8, "internet_users_percent": 87.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 54500.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "France today is one of the most modern countries in the world and is a leader among European nations. It plays an influential global role as a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, NATO, the G-7, the G-20, the EU, and other multilateral organizations. France rejoined NATO's integrated military command structure in 2009, reversing then President Charles DE GAULLE's 1966 decision to withdraw French forces from NATO. Since 1958, it has constructed a hybrid presidential-parliamentary governing system resistant to the instabilities experienced in earlier, more purely parliamentary administrations. In recent decades, its reconciliation and cooperation with Germany have proved central to the economic integration of Europe, including the introduction of a common currency, the euro, in January 1999. In the early 21st century, five French overseas entities -- French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, and Reunion -- became French regions and were made part of France proper.", "display": "France today is one of the most modern countries in the world and is a leader among European nations. It plays an influential global role as a permanent member of the United Natio…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2009 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "metropolitan France: Western Europe, bordering the Bay of Biscay and English Channel, between Belgium and Spain, southeast of the UK; bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Italy and Spain | French Guiana: Northern South America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Brazil and Suriname | Guadeloupe: Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, southeast of Puerto Rico | Martinique: Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean, north of Trinidad and Tobago | Mayotte: Southern Indian Ocean, island in the Mozambique Channel, about halfway between northern Madagascar and northern Mozambique | Reunion: Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar", "display": "metropolitan France: Western Europe, bordering the Bay of Biscay and English Channel, between Belgium and Spain, southeast of the UK; bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Ital…", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "metropolitan France: Europe | French Guiana: South America | Guadeloupe: Central America and the Caribbean | Martinique: Central America and the Caribbean | Mayotte: Africa | Reunion: World", "display": "metropolitan France: Europe", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 643,801 sq km ; 551,500 sq km (metropolitan France) | land: 640,427 sq km ; 549,970 sq km (metropolitan France) | water: 3,374 sq km ; 1,530 sq km (metropolitan France) | note: the first numbers include the overseas regions of French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, and Reunion", "display": "total : 643,801 sq km ; 551,500 sq km (metropolitan France)", "source_field": "Area", "value": 643801.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "4,853 km | metropolitan France: 3,427 km", "display": "4,853 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "metropolitan France: mostly flat plains or gently rolling hills in north and west; remainder is mountainous, especially Pyrenees in south, Alps in east | French Guiana: low-lying coastal plains rising to hills and small mountains | Guadeloupe: Basse-Terre is volcanic in origin with interior mountains; Grande-Terre is low limestone formation; most of the seven other islands are volcanic in origin | Martinique: mountainous with indented coastline; dormant volcano | Mayotte: generally undulating, with deep ravines and ancient volcanic peaks | Reunion: mostly rugged and mountainous; fertile lowlands along coast", "display": "metropolitan France: mostly flat plains or gently rolling hills in north and west; remainder is mountainous, especially Pyrenees in south, Alps in east", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "metropolitan France: generally cool winters and mild summers, but mild winters and hot summers along the Mediterranean; occasional strong, cold, dry, north-to-northwesterly wind known as the mistral | French Guiana: tropical; hot, humid; little seasonal temperature variation | Guadeloupe and Martinique: subtropical tempered by trade winds; moderately high humidity; rainy season (June to October); vulnerable to devastating cyclones (hurricanes) every eight years on average | Mayotte: tropical; marine; hot, humid, rainy season during northeastern monsoon (November to May); dry season is cooler (May to November) | Reunion: tropical, but temperature moderates with elevation; cool and dry (May to November), hot and rainy (November to April)", "display": "metropolitan France: generally cool winters and mild summers, but mild winters and hot summers along the Mediterranean; occasional strong, cold, dry, north-to-northwesterly wind k…", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Mont Blanc 4,810 | lowest point: Rhone River delta -2 m | mean elevation: 375 m | note: to assess the possible effects of climate change on the ice and snow cap of Mont Blanc, its surface and peak have been extensively measured in recent years; these new peak measurements have exceeded the traditional height of 4,807 m and have varied between 4,808 m and 4,811 m; the actual rock summit is 4,792 m and is 40 m away from the ice-covered summit", "display": "highest point: Mont Blanc 4,810", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "metropolitan France: flooding; avalanches; midwinter windstorms; drought; forest fires in south | overseas departments: hurricanes (cyclones); flooding | volcanism: Montagne Pelée (1,394 m) on the island of Martinique in the Caribbean is the most active volcano of the Lesser Antilles arc, although it last erupted in 1932; a catastrophic eruption in 1902 destroyed the city of St. Pierre, killing an estimated 30,000 people; La Soufrière (1,467 m) on the island of Guadeloupe has also had explosive eruptions in recent years", "display": "metropolitan France: flooding; avalanches; midwinter windstorms; drought; forest fires in south", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1932 }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "metropolitan France: coal, iron ore, bauxite, zinc, uranium, antimony, arsenic, potash, feldspar, fluorspar, gypsum, timber, arable land, fish; French Guiana : gold deposits, petroleum, kaolin, niobium, tantalum, clay", "display": "metropolitan France: coal, iron ore, bauxite, zinc, uranium, antimony, arsenic, potash, feldspar, fluorspar, gypsum, timber, arable land, fish; French Guiana : gold deposits, petr…", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "much of the population is concentrated in the north and southeast; although there are many urban agglomerations throughout the country, Paris is by far the largest city, with Lyon ranked a distant second", "display": "much of the population is concentrated in the north and southeast; although there are many urban agglomerations throughout the country, Paris is by far the largest city, with Lyon…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 68,512,806 (2025 est.) | male: 33,627,639 | female: 34,885,167", "display": "total: 68,512,806 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 68512806.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.2% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.2% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.002, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 81.8% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.67% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 81.8% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "French (official) 100%, declining regional dialects and languages (Provençal, Breton, Alsatian, Corsican, Catalan, Basque, Flemish, Occitan, Picard) | major-language sample(s): | The World Factbook, une source indispensable d'informations de base. (French) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. | note: overseas departments - French, Creole patois, Mahorian (a Swahili dialect)", "display": "French (official) 100%, declining regional dialects and languages (Provençal, Breton, Alsatian, Corsican, Catalan, Basque, Flemish, Occitan, Picard)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Roman Catholic 47%, Muslim 4%, Protestant 2%, Buddhist 2%, Orthodox 1%, Jewish 1%, other 1%, none 33%, unspecified 9% (2021 est.) | note: France maintains a tradition of secularism and has not officially collected data on religious affiliation since the 1872 national census, which complicates assessments of France's religious composition; an 1872 law prohibiting state authorities from collecting data on individuals' ethnicity or religious beliefs was reaffirmed by a 1978 law emphasizing the prohibition of the collection or exploitation of personal data revealing an individual's race, ethnicity, or political, philosophical, or religious opinions; a 1905 law codified France's separation of church and state", "display": "Roman Catholic 47%, Muslim 4%, Protestant 2%, Buddhist 2%, Orthodox 1%, Jewish 1%, other 1%, none 33%, unspecified 9% (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 82.6 years (2024 est.) | male: 79.8 years | female: 85.5 years", "display": "total population: 82.6 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 82.6, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 42.7 years (2025 est.) | male: 41 years | female: 44.2 years", "display": "total: 42.7 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "11.208 million PARIS (capital), 1.761 million Lyon, 1.628 million Marseille-Aix-en-Provence, 1.079 million Lille, 1.060 million Toulouse, 1.000 million Bordeaux (2023)", "display": "11.208 million PARIS (capital), 1.761 million Lyon, 1.628 million Marseille-Aix-en-Provence, 1.079 million Lille, 1.060 million Toulouse, 1.000 million Bordeaux (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 16 years (2022 est.) | male: 16 years (2022 est.) | female: 17 years (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 16 years (2022 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: French Republic | conventional short form: France | local long form: République française | local short form: France | etymology: derives from the Latin name Francia, meaning \"Land of the Franks\"; the Franks were a group of Germanic tribes located along the middle and lower Rhine River in the 3rd century A.D.; the origin of the tribal name is unclear but may come from the Old German word franka , meaning \"brave,\" or from a personal name such as Francio or Francus", "display": "conventional long form: French Republic", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Paris | geographic coordinates: 48 52 N, 2 20 E | time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October | time zone note: applies to metropolitan France only; for its overseas regions the time difference is UTC-4 for Guadeloupe and Martinique, UTC-3 for French Guiana, UTC+3 for Mayotte, and UTC+4 for Reunion | etymology: name derives from the Parisii, a Celtic tribe that inhabited the area from the 3rd century B.C.; the Celtic settlement became the Roman town of Lutetia Parisiorum (Lutetia of the Parisii); over subsequent centuries it became Parisium and then Paris", "display": "name: Paris", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "semi-presidential republic", "display": "semi-presidential republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law; review of administrative but not legislative acts", "display": "civil law; review of administrative but not legislative acts", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: many previous; latest effective 4 October 1958 | amendment process: proposed by the president of the republic (upon recommendation of the prime minister and Parliament) or by Parliament; proposals submitted by Parliament members require passage by both houses followed by approval in a referendum; passage of proposals submitted by the government can bypass a referendum if submitted by the president to Parliament and 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Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, and Réunion) and is subdivided into 96 metropolitan departments and 5 overseas departments (which are the same as the overseas regions)", "display": "18 regions ( régions , singular - région ); Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Bretagne (Brittany), Centre-Val de Loire (Center-Loire Valley), Corse (Corsica), Grand E…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council (observer), Australia Group, BDEAC, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS (observer), CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, FZ, G-5, G-7, G-8, G-10, G-20, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD 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tourism, aircraft manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, and industrial sectors; high public debt; ongoing pension reform efforts; transitioning to a green economy via \"France 2030\" strategy", "display": "high-income, advanced EU economy and eurozone member; strong tourism, aircraft manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, and industrial sectors; high public debt; ongoing pension reform eff…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2030 }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$3.732 trillion (2024 est.) | $3.689 trillion (2023 est.) | $3.655 trillion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$3.732 trillion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 3732.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$54,500 (2024 est.) | $54,000 (2023 est.) | $53,700 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$54,500 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 54500.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "1.2% (2024 est.) | 0.9% (2023 est.) | 2.6% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "1.2% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2% (2024 est.) | 4.9% (2023 est.) | 5.2% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "2% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.02, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "7.4% (2024 est.) | 7.4% (2023 est.) | 7.4% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "7.4% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.07400000000000001, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "machinery, chemicals, automobiles, metallurgy, aircraft, electronics, textiles, food processing, tourism", "display": "machinery, chemicals, automobiles, metallurgy, aircraft, electronics, textiles, food processing, tourism", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "wheat, sugar beets, milk, maize, barley, potatoes, grapes, rapeseed, pork, sunflower seeds (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "wheat, sugar beets, milk, maize, barley, potatoes, grapes, rapeseed, pork, sunflower seeds (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "aircraft, cars, packaged medicine, gas turbines, vehicle parts/accessories (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "aircraft, cars, packaged medicine, gas turbines, vehicle parts/accessories (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "cars, natural gas, crude petroleum, refined petroleum, garments (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "cars, natural gas, crude petroleum, refined petroleum, garments (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 87% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 87% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.87, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 32.3 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 49 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 32.3 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 32299999.999999996, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 7.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | nuclear: 63.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 4.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 10.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 10.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | tide and wave: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 2.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 7.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "123.526 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "123.526 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "1,218 (2025) | note: Includes 29 airports in French overseas departments (French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, Reunion)", "display": "1,218 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 66 (2024) | large: 6 | medium: 12 | small: 22 | very small: 26 | ports with oil terminals: 31 | key ports: Bayonne, Bordeaux, Boulogne-sur-Mer, Dunkerque Port Est, Dunkerque Port Ouest, La Pallice, La Rochelle, Les Sables d'Olonne, Lorient, Montoir, Nantes, Le Havre, Rouen, Rade de Brest, Rade de Cherbourg, Rochefort, St. Nazaire, Toulon", "display": "total ports: 66 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 27,860 km (2020) 16,660 km electrified | narrow gauge: -5 km", "display": "total: 27,860 km (2020) 16,660 km electrified", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 553 (2023) | by type: container ship 32, general cargo 48, oil tanker 25, other 448 | note: includes Monaco", "display": "total: 553 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "air pollution and acid rain from industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution from urban wastes, agricultural runoff", "display": "air pollution and acid rain from industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution from urban wastes, agricultural runoff", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "303.779 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 25.355 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 209.4 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 69.025 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "303.779 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "211 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "211 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 5.271 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 16.641 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 2.515 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 5.271 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/france.json" }, { "entity_id": "french-polynesia", "name": "French Polynesia", "source_code": "PF", "source_entity_class": "dependency-or-territory", "source_region": "Oceania", "roadmap_country": null, "coverage_region": null, "roadmap_status": "additional", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 111, "published_fact_count": 45, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 305507.0, "area_sq_km": 4167.0, "capital": "Papeete (located on Tahiti)", "government_type": "parliamentary democracy (Assembly of French Polynesia); an overseas collectivity of France", "life_expectancy_years": 78.9, "urban_population_percent": 62.3, "internet_users_percent": 73.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 23300.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "French Polynesia consists of five archipelagos -- the Austral Islands, the Gambier Islands, the Marquesas Islands, the Society Islands, and the Tuamotu Archipelago. The Marquesas were first settled around 200 B.C. and the Society Islands around A.D. 300. Raiatea in the Society Islands became a center for religion and culture. Exploration of the other islands emanated from Raiatea, and by 1000, there were small permanent settlements in all the island groups. Ferdinand MAGELLAN was the first European to see the islands of French Polynesia in 1520. In 1767, British explorer Samuel WALLIS was the first European to visit Tahiti, followed by French navigator Louis Antoine de BOUGAINVILLE in 1768 and British explorer James COOK in 1769. King POMARE I united Tahiti and surrounding islands into the Kingdom of Tahiti in 1788. Protestant missionaries arrived in 1797, and POMARE I’s successor converted in the 1810s, along with most Tahitians. In the 1830s, Queen POMARE IV refused to allow French Catholic missionaries to operate, leading France to declare a protectorate over Tahiti and fight the French-Tahitian War of the 1840s in an attempt to annex the islands. | In 1880, King POMARE V ceded Tahiti and its possessions to France, changing its status into a colony. France then claimed the Gambier Islands and Tuamotu Archipelago and by 1901 had incorporated all five island groups into its establishments in Oceania. A Tahitian nationalist movement formed in 1940, leading France to grant French citizenship to the islanders in 1946 and change it to an overseas territory. In 1957, the islands’ name was changed to French Polynesia, and the following year, 64% of voters chose to stay part of France when they approved a new constitution. Uninhabited Mururoa Atoll was established as a French nuclear test site in 1962, and tests were conducted between 1966 and 1992 (underground beginning in 1975). France also conducted tests at Fangataufa Atoll, including its last nuclear test in 1996. | France granted French Polynesia partial internal autonomy in 1977 and expanded autonomy in 1984. French Polynesia was converted into an overseas collectivity in 2003 and renamed an overseas territory in 2004. Pro-independence politicians won a surprise majority in local elections that same year, but in subsequent elections, they have been relegated to a vocal minority. In 2013, French Polynesia was relisted on the UN List of Non-Self-Governing Territories.", "display": "French Polynesia consists of five archipelagos -- the Austral Islands, the Gambier Islands, the Marquesas Islands, the Society Islands, and the Tuamotu Archipelago. The Marquesas…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1901 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Oceania, five archipelagoes (Archipel des Tuamotu, Iles Gambier, Iles Marquises, Iles Tubuai, Society Islands) in the South Pacific Ocean about halfway between South America and Australia", "display": "Oceania, five archipelagoes (Archipel des Tuamotu, Iles Gambier, Iles Marquises, Iles Tubuai, Society Islands) in the South Pacific Ocean about halfway between South America and A…", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Oceania", "display": "Oceania", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 4,167 sq km (118 islands and atolls; 67 are inhabited) | land: 3,827 sq km | water: 340 sq km", "display": "total : 4,167 sq km (118 islands and atolls; 67 are inhabited)", "source_field": "Area", "value": 4167.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "2,525 km", "display": "2,525 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mixture of rugged high islands and low islands with reefs", "display": "mixture of rugged high islands and low islands with reefs", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical, but moderate", "display": "tropical, but moderate", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Mont Orohena 2,241 m | lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m", "display": "highest point: Mont Orohena 2,241 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "occasional cyclonic storms in January", "display": "occasional cyclonic storms in January", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "timber, fish, cobalt, hydropower", "display": "timber, fish, cobalt, hydropower", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "the majority of the population lives in the Society Islands, one of five archipelagos that includes the most populous island, Tahiti, with approximately 70% of the nation's population", "display": "the majority of the population lives in the Society Islands, one of five archipelagos that includes the most populous island, Tahiti, with approximately 70% of the nation's popula…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 305,507 (2025 est.) | male: 156,084 | female: 149,423", "display": "total: 305,507 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 305507.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.63% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.63% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0063, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 62.3% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.65% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 62.3% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "French (official) 73.5%, Tahitian 20.1%, Marquesan 2.6%, Austral languages 1.2%, Paumotu 1%, other 1.6% (2017 est.) | major-language sample(s): | The World Factbook, une source indispensable d'informations de base. (French) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "French (official) 73.5%, Tahitian 20.1%, Marquesan 2.6%, Austral languages 1.2%, Paumotu 1%, other 1.6% (2017 est.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2017 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Protestant 54%, Roman Catholic 30%, other 10%, no religion 6%", "display": "Protestant 54%, Roman Catholic 30%, other 10%, no religion 6%", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 78.9 years (2024 est.) | male: 76.6 years | female: 81.3 years", "display": "total population: 78.9 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 78.9, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 35.8 years (2025 est.) | male: 35 years | female: 35.6 years", "display": "total: 35.8 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "136,000 PAPEETE (capital) (2018)", "display": "136,000 PAPEETE (capital) (2018)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Overseas Lands of French Polynesia | conventional short form: French Polynesia | local long form: Pays d'outre-mer de la Polynésie française | local short form: Polynésie Française | former: Establishments in Oceania, French Establishments in Oceania | etymology: the term \"Polynesia\" is an 18th-century construct composed of two Greek words, poly (many) and nesoi (islands), and refers to the more than 1,000 islands scattered over the central and southern Pacific Ocean", "display": "conventional long form: Overseas Lands of French Polynesia", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Papeete (located on Tahiti) | geographic coordinates: 17 32 S, 149 34 W | time difference: UTC-10 (5 hours behind Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: the name derives from the Tahitian words pape (water) and ete (basket), referring to a place where people came to get water", "display": "name: Papeete (located on Tahiti)", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary democracy (Assembly of French Polynesia); an overseas collectivity of France", "display": "parliamentary democracy (Assembly of French Polynesia); an overseas collectivity of France", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "the laws of France apply", "display": "the laws of France apply", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: 4 October 1958 (French Constitution) | amendment process: French constitution amendment procedures apply", "display": "history: 4 October 1958 (French Constitution)", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1958 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "5 administrative subdivisions ( subdivisions administratives , singular - subdivision administrative ): Iles Australes (Austral Islands), Iles du Vent (Windward Islands), Iles Marquises (Marquesas Islands), Iles Sous-le-Vent (Leeward Islands), Iles Tuamotu-Gambier | note: the Leeward Islands and the Windward Islands together make up the Society Islands (Iles de la Société)", "display": "5 administrative subdivisions ( subdivisions administratives , singular - subdivision administrative ): Iles Australes (Austral Islands), Iles du Vent (Windward Islands), Iles Mar…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ITUC (NGOs), PIF, SPC, UPU, WMO", "display": "ITUC (NGOs), PIF, SPC, UPU, WMO", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "small, territorial-island tourism-based economy; large French financing; lower EU import duties; Pacific Islands Forum member; fairly resilient from COVID-19; oil-dependent infrastructure", "display": "small, territorial-island tourism-based economy; large French financing; lower EU import duties; Pacific Islands Forum member; fairly resilient from COVID-19; oil-dependent infras…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$6.007 billion (2024 est.) | $5.935 billion (2023 est.) | $5.892 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2015 dollars", "display": "$6.007 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 6.007, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$23,300 (2024 est.) | $22,800 (2023 est.) | $20,700 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2015 dollars", "display": "$23,300 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 23300.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3% (2023 est.) | 4.5% (2022 est.) | 2.1% (2021 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "3% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "6.4% (2022 est.) | 0.5% (2021 est.) | -0.1% (2020 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "6.4% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.064, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "11.8% (2024 est.) | 11.8% (2023 est.) | 11.9% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "11.8% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.11800000000000001, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "tourism, pearls, agricultural processing, handicrafts, phosphates", "display": "tourism, pearls, agricultural processing, handicrafts, phosphates", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "coconuts, fruits, cassava, sugarcane, pineapples, eggs, tropical fruits, watermelons, tomatoes, pork (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "coconuts, fruits, cassava, sugarcane, pineapples, eggs, tropical fruits, watermelons, tomatoes, pork (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "pearls, fish, aircraft parts, gas turbines, vanilla (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "pearls, fish, aircraft parts, gas turbines, vanilla (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "cars, packaged medicine, refined petroleum, poultry, broadcasting equipment (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "cars, packaged medicine, refined petroleum, poultry, broadcasting equipment (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 73% (2017 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 73% (2017 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.73, "estimate_year": 2017 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 78,000 (2022 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 28 (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 78,000 (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 78000.0, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 66% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 27% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 66% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "54 (2025)", "display": "54 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 6 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 1 | very small: 5 | ports with oil terminals: 1 | key ports: Atuona, Baie Taiohae, Papeete, Port Rikitea, Uturoa, Vaitape", "display": "total ports: 6 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 24 (2023) | by type: general cargo 14", "display": "total: 24 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "sea-level rise; cyclones, storms, and tsunamis producing floods, landslides, erosion, and reef damage; droughts; fresh water scarcity", "display": "sea-level rise; cyclones, storms, and tsunamis producing floods, landslides, erosion, and reef damage; droughts; fresh water scarcity", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "1.01 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 1.01 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "1.01 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/french-polynesia.json" }, { "entity_id": "french-southern-and-antarctic-lands", "name": "French Southern and Antarctic Lands", "source_code": "TF", "source_entity_class": "dependency-or-territory", "source_region": "Antarctic Region", "roadmap_country": null, "coverage_region": null, "roadmap_status": "additional", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 39, "published_fact_count": 21, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": null, "area_sq_km": null, "capital": null, "government_type": null, "life_expectancy_years": null, "urban_population_percent": null, "internet_users_percent": null, "electricity_access_percent": null, "gdp_per_capita_usd": null, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": null, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "In 2007, the Iles Eparses became an integral part of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands (TAAF). The Southern Lands are now divided into five administrative districts, two of which are archipelagos, the Iles Crozet and Iles Kerguelen; the third is a district composed of two volcanic islands, Ile Saint-Paul and Ile Amsterdam; the fourth, Iles Eparses, consists of five scattered tropical islands around Madagascar. They contain no permanent inhabitants and are visited only by researchers studying the native fauna, scientists at the various scientific stations, fishermen, and military personnel. The fifth district is the Antarctic portion, which consists of \"Adelie Land,\" a thin slice of the Antarctic continent discovered and claimed by the French in 1840. | Ile Amsterdam: Discovered but not named in 1522 by the Spanish, the island subsequently received the appellation of Nieuw Amsterdam from a Dutchman; it was claimed by France in 1843. A short-lived attempt at cattle farming began in 1871. A French meteorological station established on the island in 1949 is still in use. | Ile Saint Paul: Claimed by France since 1893, the island was a fishing industry center from 1843 to 1914. In 1928, a spiny lobster cannery was established, but when the company went bankrupt in 1931, seven workers were abandoned. Only two survived until 1934 when rescue finally arrived. | Iles Crozet: A large archipelago formed from the Crozet Plateau, Iles Crozet is divided into two main groups: L'Occidental (the West), which includes Ile aux Cochons, Ilots des Apotres, Ile des Pingouins, and the reefs Brisants de l'Heroine; and L'Oriental (the East), which includes Ile d'Est and Ile de la Possession, the largest island of the Crozets. Discovered and claimed by France in 1772, the islands were used for seal hunting and as a base for whaling. Originally administered as a dependency of Madagascar, they became part of the TAAF in 1955. | Iles Kerguelen: This island group, discovered in 1772, consists of one large island (Ile Kerguelen) and about 300 smaller islands. A permanent group of 50 to 100 scientists resides at the main base at Port-aux-Francais. | Adelie Land: The only non-insular district of the TAAF is the Antarctic claim known as \"Adelie Land.\" The US Government does not recognize it as a French dependency. | Bassas da India: A French possession since 1897, this atoll is a volcanic rock surrounded by reefs and is awash at high tide. | Europa Island: This heavily wooded island has been a French possession since 1897; it is the site of a small military garrison that staffs a weather station. | Glorioso Islands: A French possession since 1892, the Glorioso Islands are composed of two lushly vegetated coral islands (Ile Glorieuse and Ile du Lys) and three rock islets. A military garrison operates a weather and radio station on Ile Glorieuse. | Juan de Nova Island: Named after a famous 15th-century Spanish navigator and explorer, the island has been a French possession since 1897. It has been exploited for its guano and phosphate. Presently a small military garrison oversees a meteorological station. | Tromelin Island: First explored by the French in 1776, the island came under the jurisdiction of Reunion in 1814. At present, it serves as a sea turtle sanctuary and is the site of an important meteorological station.", "display": "In 2007, the Iles Eparses became an integral part of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands (TAAF). The Southern Lands are now divided into five administrative districts, two of…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2007 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "southeast and east of Africa, islands in the southern Indian Ocean, some near Madagascar and others about equidistant between Africa, Antarctica, and Australia; note - French Southern and Antarctic Lands include Ile Amsterdam, Ile Saint-Paul, Iles Crozet, Iles Kerguelen, Bassas da India, Europa Island, Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island, and Tromelin Island in the southern Indian Ocean, along with the French-claimed sector of Antarctica, \"Adelie Land\"; the US does not recognize the French claim to \"Adelie Land\"", "display": "southeast and east of Africa, islands in the southern Indian Ocean, some near Madagascar and others about equidistant between Africa, Antarctica, and Australia; note - French Sout…", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Antarctic Region | Africa", "display": "Antarctic Region", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Ile Amsterdam (Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul): total - 55 sq km; land - 55 sq km; water - 0 sq km | Ile Saint-Paul (Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul): total - 7 sq km; land - 7 sq km; water - 0 sq km | Iles Crozet: total - 352 sq km; land - 352 sq km; water - 0 sq km | Iles Kerguelen: total - 7,215 sq km; land - 7,215 sq km; water - 0 sq km | Bassas da India (Iles Eparses): total - 80 sq km; land - 0.2 sq km; water - 79.8 sq km (lagoon) | Europa Island (Iles Eparses): total - 28 sq km; land - 28 sq km; water - 0 sq km | Glorioso Islands (Iles Eparses): total - 5 sq km; land - 5 sq km; water - 0 sq km | Juan de Nova Island (Iles Eparses): total - 4.4 sq km; land - 4.4 sq km; water - 0 sq km | Tromelin Island (Iles Eparses): total - 1 sq km; land - 1 sq km; water - 0 sq km | note: excludes \"Adelie Land\" claim of about 500,000 sq km in Antarctica that is not recognized by the US", "display": "Ile Amsterdam (Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul): total - 55 sq km; land - 55 sq km; water - 0 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Ile Amsterdam (Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul): 28 km | Ile Saint-Paul (Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul): | Iles Kerguelen: 2,800 km | Bassas da India (Iles Eparses): 35.2 km | Europa Island (Iles Eparses): 22.2 km | Glorioso Islands (Iles Eparses): 35.2 km | Juan de Nova Island (Iles Eparses): 24.1 km | Tromelin Island (Iles Eparses): 3.7 km", "display": "Ile Amsterdam (Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul): 28 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Ile Amsterdam (Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul): a volcanic island with steep coastal cliffs; the center floor of the volcano is a large plateau | Ile Saint-Paul (Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul): triangular in shape, the island is the top of a volcano, rocky with steep cliffs on the eastern side; has active thermal springs | Iles Crozet: a large archipelago formed from the Crozet Plateau is divided into two groups of islands | Iles Kerguelen: the interior of the large island of Ile Kerguelen is composed of high mountains, hills, valleys, and plains with peninsulas stretching off its coasts | Bassas da India (Iles Eparses): atoll, awash at high tide; shallow (15 m) lagoon | Europa Island, Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island: low, flat, and sandy | Tromelin Island (Iles Eparses): low, flat, sandy; likely volcanic seamount", "display": "Ile Amsterdam (Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul): a volcanic island with steep coastal cliffs; the center floor of the volcano is a large plateau", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul: oceanic with persistent westerly winds and high humidity | Iles Crozet: windy, cold, wet, and cloudy | Iles Kerguelen: oceanic, cold, overcast, windy | Iles Eparses: tropical", "display": "Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul: oceanic with persistent westerly winds and high humidity", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Mont de la Dives on Ile Amsterdam (Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul) 867 m | lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m | highest points throughout the French Southern and Antarctic Lands: Crête de la Novara on Ile Saint-Paul (Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul) 284 m; Pic Marion-Dufresne in Iles Crozet 1090 m; Mont Ross in Iles Kerguelen 1850 m; unnamed location on Bassas de India (Iles Eparses) 2.4 m; 24 unnamed location on Europa Island (Iles Eparses) 6 m; unnamed location on Glorioso Islands (Iles Eparses) 12 m; unnamed location on Juan de Nova Island (Iles Eparses) 10 m; unnamed location on Tromelin Island (Iles Eparses) 7 m", "display": "highest point: Mont de la Dives on Ile Amsterdam (Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul) 867 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Ile Amsterdam and Ile Saint-Paul are inactive volcanoes; Iles Éparses are subject to periodic cyclones; Bassas da India is a maritime hazard because it is under water for three hours before and after high tide | volcanism: Reunion Island - Piton de la Fournaise (2,632 m), which has erupted many times in recent years, is one of the world's most active volcanoes; although rare, eruptions outside the volcano's caldera could threaten nearby cities", "display": "Ile Amsterdam and Ile Saint-Paul are inactive volcanoes; Iles Éparses are subject to periodic cyclones; Bassas da India is a maritime hazard because it is under water for three ho…", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "fish, crayfish, note, Glorioso Islands and Tromelin Island (Iles Eparses) have guano, phosphates, and coconuts | note: in the 1950's and 1960's, several species of trout were introduced to Iles Kerguelen of which two, brown trout and brook trout, survived to establish wild populations; reindeer were also introduced to Iles Kerguelen in 1956 as a source of fresh meat for whaling crews -- the herd today, one of two in the Southern Hemisphere, is estimated to number around 4,000", "display": "fish, crayfish, note, Glorioso Islands and Tromelin Island (Iles Eparses) have guano, phosphates, and coconuts", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1950 }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: no permanent inhabitants | Ile Amsterdam (Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul) : uninhabited but has a meteorological station | Ile Saint-Paul (Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul) : uninhabited but is visited by fishermen and researchers | Iles Crozet : uninhabited except for staff of the Alfred Faure research station on Ile del la Possession | Iles Kerguelen : researchers are located at the main base at Port-aux-Francais on Ile Kerguelen | Bassas da India (Iles Eparses) : uninhabitable | Europa Island, Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island (Iles Eparses) : a small French military garrison and a few meteorologists on each possession; visited by researchers | Tromelin Island (Iles Eparses) : uninhabited, visited by researchers", "display": "total: no permanent inhabitants", "source_field": "Population", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Territory of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands | conventional short form: French Southern and Antarctic Lands | local long form: Terres australes et antarctiques françaises | local short form: Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises | abbreviation: TAAF | etymology: self-descriptive name specifying the territories' affiliation and location in the Southern Hemisphere", "display": "conventional long form: Territory of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "the laws of France apply", "display": "the laws of France apply", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US government, but the 5 administrative districts are Iles Crozet, Iles Éparses, Iles Kerguelen, Ile Saint-Paul et Ile Amsterdam, and \"Adelie Land,\" a claim in Antarctica that the US does not recognize", "display": "no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US government, but the 5 administrative districts are Iles Crozet, Iles Éparses, Iles Kerguelen, Ile Saint-Paul et Ile Am…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "UPU", "display": "UPU", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "very small, fishing-based, domestic economic activity; military base servicing", "display": "very small, fishing-based, domestic economic activity; military base servicing", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "fish (2023) | note: top export commodities based on value in dollars over $500,000", "display": "fish (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "scented mixtures, industrial acids/oils/alcohols, surveying equipment, fish, refined petroleum (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "scented mixtures, industrial acids/oils/alcohols, surveying equipment, fish, refined petroleum (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "4 (2025)", "display": "4 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 2 (2023) | by type: other 2", "display": "total: 2 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "problems from introduction of foreign species on Iles Crozet; overfishing of Patagonian toothfish around Iles Crozet and Iles Kerguelen", "display": "problems from introduction of foreign species on Iles Crozet; overfishing of Patagonian toothfish around Iles Crozet and Iles Kerguelen", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/french-southern-and-antarctic-lands.json" }, { "entity_id": "gabon", "name": "Gabon", "source_code": "GA", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Africa", "roadmap_country": "Gabon", "coverage_region": "Africa", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 149, "published_fact_count": 51, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 2513738.0, "area_sq_km": 267667.0, "capital": "Libreville", "government_type": "presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 70.4, "urban_population_percent": 91.0, "internet_users_percent": 72.0, "electricity_access_percent": 93.5, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 18900.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Gabon, a sparsely populated country known for its dense rainforests and vast petroleum reserves, is one of the most prosperous and stable countries in central Africa. Approximately 40 ethnic groups are represented, the largest of which is the Fang, a group that covers the northern third of Gabon and expands north into Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon. From about the early 1300s, various kingdoms emerged in present-day Gabon and the surrounding area, including the Kingdoms of Loango and Orungu. Because most early Bantu languages spoken in these kingdoms did not have a written form, much of Gabon's early history was lost over time. Portuguese traders who arrived in the mid-1400s gave the area its name of Gabon. At that time, indigenous trade networks began to engage with European traders, exchanging goods such as ivory and wood. For a century beginning in the 1760s, trade came to focus mostly on enslaved people. While many groups in Gabon participated in the slave trade, the Fang were a notable exception. As the slave trade declined in the late 1800s, France colonized the country and directed a widespread extraction of Gabonese resources. Anti-colonial rhetoric by Gabon’s educated elites increased significantly in the early 1900s, but no widespread rebellion materialized. French decolonization after World War II led to the country’s independence in 1960. | Within a year of independence, the government changed from a parliamentary to a presidential system, and Leon M’BA won the first presidential election in 1961. El Hadj Omar BONGO Ondimba was M’BA’s vice president and assumed the presidency after M’BA’s death in 1967. BONGO went on to dominate the country's political scene for four decades (1967-2009). In 1968, he declared Gabon a single-party state and created the still-dominant Parti Democratique Gabonais (PDG). In the early 1990s, he reintroduced a multiparty system under a new constitution in response to growing political opposition. He was reelected by wide margins in 1995, 1998, 2002, and 2005 against a divided opposition and amidst allegations of fraud. After BONGO's death in 2009, a new election brought his son, Ali BONGO Ondimba, to power, and he was reelected in 2016. He won a third term in the August 2023 election but was overthrown in a military coup a few days later. Gen. Brice OLIGUI Nguema led a military group called the Committee for the Transition and Restoration of Institutions that arrested BONGO, canceled the election results, and dissolved state institutions. In September 2023, OLIGUI was sworn in as transitional president of Gabon.", "display": "Gabon, a sparsely populated country known for its dense rainforests and vast petroleum reserves, is one of the most prosperous and stable countries in central Africa. Approximatel…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1960 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Central Africa, bordering the Atlantic Ocean at the Equator, between Republic of the Congo and Equatorial Guinea", "display": "Central Africa, bordering the Atlantic Ocean at the Equator, between Republic of the Congo and Equatorial Guinea", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Africa", "display": "Africa", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 267,667 sq km | land: 257,667 sq km | water: 10,000 sq km", "display": "total : 267,667 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 267667.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "885 km", "display": "885 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "narrow coastal plain; hilly interior; savanna in east and south", "display": "narrow coastal plain; hilly interior; savanna in east and south", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical; always hot, humid", "display": "tropical; always hot, humid", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Mont Bengoue 1,050 m | lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m | mean elevation: 377 m", "display": "highest point: Mont Bengoue 1,050 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "none", "display": "none", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "petroleum, natural gas, diamond, niobium, manganese, uranium, gold, timber, iron ore, hydropower", "display": "petroleum, natural gas, diamond, niobium, manganese, uranium, gold, timber, iron ore, hydropower", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "the relatively small population is spread in pockets throughout the country; the largest urban center is the capital of Libreville, located along the Atlantic coast in the northwest, as shown in this population distribution map", "display": "the relatively small population is spread in pockets throughout the country; the largest urban center is the capital of Libreville, located along the Atlantic coast in the northwe…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 2,513,738 (2025 est.) | male: 1,299,085 | female: 1,214,653", "display": "total: 2,513,738 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 2513738.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "2.35% (2025 est.)", "display": "2.35% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0235, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 91% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 2.27% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 91% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "French (official), Fang, Myene, Nzebi, Bapounou/Eschira, Bandjabi", "display": "French (official), Fang, Myene, Nzebi, Bapounou/Eschira, Bandjabi", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Protestant 46.4% (Revival Church 37%, other Protestant 9.4%), Roman Catholic 29.8%, other Christian 4%, Muslim 10.8%, traditional/animist 1.1%, other 0.9%, none 7% (2019-21 est.)", "display": "Protestant 46.4% (Revival Church 37%, other Protestant 9.4%), Roman Catholic 29.8%, other Christian 4%, Muslim 10.8%, traditional/animist 1.1%, other 0.9%, none 7% (2019-21 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2019 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 70.4 years (2024 est.) | male: 68.6 years | female: 72.1 years", "display": "total population: 70.4 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 70.4, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 22.3 years (2025 est.) | male: 22.5 years | female: 21.5 years", "display": "total: 22.3 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "870,000 LIBREVILLE (capital) (2023)", "display": "870,000 LIBREVILLE (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 88.9% (2021 est.) | male: 90.8% (2021 est.) | female: 87.1% (2021 est.)", "display": "total population: 88.9% (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Gabonese Republic | conventional short form: Gabon | local long form: République Gabonaise | local short form: Gabon | etymology: name originates from the Portuguese word gabão, meaning \"cloak,\" possibly used by 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"Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "mixed system of French civil law and customary law", "display": "mixed system of French civil law and customary law", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: previous 1961, 1991; latest approved in November 2024 referendum | amendment process: proposed by the president of the republic, by the Council of Ministers, or by one third of either house of Parliament; passage requires Constitutional Court evaluation, at least two-thirds majority vote of two thirds of the Parliament membership convened in joint session, and approval in a referendum; constitutional articles on Gabon’s democratic form of government cannot be amended", "display": "history: previous 1961, 1991; latest approved in November 2024 referendum", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1961 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "9 provinces; Estuaire, Haut-Ogooue, Moyen-Ogooue, Ngounie, Nyanga, Ogooue-Ivindo, Ogooue-Lolo, Ogooue-Maritime, Woleu-Ntem", "display": "9 provinces; Estuaire, Haut-Ogooue, Moyen-Ogooue, Ngounie, Nyanga, Ogooue-Ivindo, Ogooue-Lolo, Ogooue-Maritime, Woleu-Ntem", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACP, AfDB, AU (suspended), BDEAC, CEMAC, FAO, FZ, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSCA, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, 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"gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$48.045 billion (2024 est.) | $46.472 billion (2023 est.) | $45.363 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$48.045 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 48.045, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$18,900 (2024 est.) | $18,700 (2023 est.) | $18,700 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$18,900 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 18900.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3.4% (2024 est.) | 2.4% (2023 est.) | 3% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "3.4% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "1.2% (2024 est.) | 3.6% (2023 est.) | 4.2% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "1.2% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.012, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "20.1% (2024 est.) | 20.3% (2023 est.) | 20.4% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "20.1% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.201, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "petroleum extraction and refining; manganese, gold; chemicals, ship repair, food and beverages, textiles, 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"deforestation from logging; solid-waste disposal; water pollution from oil industry; wildlife poaching", "display": "deforestation from logging; solid-waste disposal; water pollution from oil industry; wildlife poaching", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "3.144 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 230,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 2.005 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 908,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "3.144 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "166 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "166 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 84.7 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 14.1 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 40.3 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 84.7 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardo…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/gabon.json" }, { "entity_id": "gambia-the", "name": "Gambia, The", "source_code": "GM", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Africa", "roadmap_country": "The Gambia", "coverage_region": "Africa", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 140, "published_fact_count": 50, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 2523327.0, "area_sq_km": 11300.0, "capital": "Banjul", "government_type": "presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 68.4, "urban_population_percent": 64.5, "internet_users_percent": 46.0, "electricity_access_percent": 65.4, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 3000.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "In the 10th century, Muslim merchants established some of The Gambia’s earliest large settlements as trans-Saharan trade hubs. These settlements eventually grew into major export centers sending slaves, gold, and ivory across the Sahara. Between the 16th and 17th centuries, European colonial powers began establishing trade with The Gambia. In 1664, the United Kingdom established a colony in The Gambia focused on exporting enslaved people across the Atlantic. During the roughly 300 years of the trans-Atlantic slave trade, the UK and other European powers may have exported as many as 3 million people from The Gambia. | The Gambia gained its independence from the UK in 1965. Geographically surrounded by Senegal, it formed the short-lived confederation of Senegambia between 1982 and 1989. In 1994, Yahya JAMMEH led a military coup overthrowing the president and banning political activity. He subsequently won every presidential election until 2016, when he lost to Adama BARROW, who headed an opposition coalition during free and fair elections. BARROW won reelection in 2021. The Gambia is the only member of the Economic Community of West African States that does not have presidential term limits. Since the 2016 election, The Gambia and the US have enjoyed improved relations. US assistance to the country has supported democracy-strengthening activities, capacity building, economic development, and security sector education and training programs.", "display": "In the 10th century, Muslim merchants established some of The Gambia’s earliest large settlements as trans-Saharan trade hubs. These settlements eventually grew into major export…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1965 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean and Senegal", "display": "Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean and Senegal", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Africa", "display": "Africa", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 11,300 sq km | land: 10,120 sq km | water: 1,180 sq km", "display": "total : 11,300 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 11300.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "80 km", "display": "80 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "flood plain of the Gambia River flanked by some low hills", "display": "flood plain of the Gambia River flanked by some low hills", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical; hot, rainy season (June to November); cooler, dry season (November to May)", "display": "tropical; hot, rainy season (June to November); cooler, dry season (November to May)", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: unnamed elevation 63 m; 3 km southeast of the town of Sabi | lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m | mean elevation: 34 m", "display": "highest point: unnamed elevation 63 m; 3 km southeast of the town of Sabi", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "droughts", "display": "droughts", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "fish, clay, silica sand, titanium (rutile and ilmenite), tin, zircon", "display": "fish, clay, silica sand, titanium (rutile and ilmenite), tin, zircon", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "settlements are found scattered along the Gambia River; the largest communities, including the capital of Banjul and the country's largest city, Serekunda, are found at the mouth of the Gambia River along the Atlantic coast, as shown in this population distribution map", "display": "settlements are found scattered along the Gambia River; the largest communities, including the capital of Banjul and the country's largest city, Serekunda, are found at the mouth…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 2,523,327 (2024 est.) | male: 1,250,490 | female: 1,272,837", "display": "total: 2,523,327 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 2523327.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "2.09% (2025 est.)", "display": "2.09% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0209, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 64.5% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 3.75% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 64.5% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "English (official), Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, other indigenous vernaculars", "display": "English (official), Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, other indigenous vernaculars", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Muslim 96.4%, Christian 3.5%, other or none 0.1% (2019-20 est.)", "display": "Muslim 96.4%, Christian 3.5%, other or none 0.1% (2019-20 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2019 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 68.4 years (2024 est.) | male: 66.7 years | female: 70.1 years", "display": "total population: 68.4 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 68.4, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 20.5 years (2025 est.) | male: 19.8 years | female: 20.6 years", "display": "total: 20.5 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "481,000 BANJUL (capital) (2023) | note: includes the local government areas of Banjul and Kanifing", "display": "481,000 BANJUL (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 51.6% (2021 est.) | male: 65.3% (2021 est.) | female: 40.5% (2021 est.)", "display": "total population: 51.6% (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of The Gambia | conventional short form: The Gambia | etymology: named for the Gambia River that flows through the country; Portuguese explorers in the 15th century derived the name for the river from its local name, Ba-Dimma, meaning \"the river\"", "display": "conventional long form: Republic of The Gambia", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Banjul | geographic coordinates: 13 27 N, 16 34 W | time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: the name derives from a misunderstanding between Portuguese colonists and inhabitants in the 15th century; when asked what the area was called, the inhabitants thought they were being asked what they were doing and replied, \" bangjulo,\" or \"rope making\"", "display": "name: Banjul", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "presidential republic", "display": "presidential republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "mixed system of English common law, Islamic law, and customary law", "display": "mixed system of English common law, Islamic law, and customary law", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: previous 1965 (Independence Act), 1970; latest adopted 8 April 1996, approved by referendum 8 August 1996, effective 16 January 1997 | amendment process: proposed by the National Assembly; passage requires at least three-fourths majority vote by the Assembly membership in each of several readings and approval by the president of the republic; a referendum is required for amendments affecting national sovereignty, fundamental rights and freedoms, government structures and authorities, taxation, and public funding; passage by referendum requires participation of at least 50% of eligible voters and approval by at least 75% of votes cast | note: in 2024, The Gambian government announced its commitment to adopting a new constitution", "display": "history: previous 1965 (Independence Act), 1970; latest adopted 8 April 1996, approved by referendum 8 August 1996, effective 16 January 1997", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1965 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "5 regions, 1 city*, and 1 municipality**; Banjul*, Central River, Kanifing**, Lower River, North Bank, Upper River, West Coast", "display": "5 regions, 1 city*, and 1 municipality**; Banjul*, Central River, Kanifing**, Lower River, North Bank, Upper River, West Coast", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NA…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "low-income West African economy; agriculture-dominant; high poverty rate; heightened inflation; dependent on foreign assistance and remittances; structural reforms conditioned by IMF Extended Credit Facility program", "display": "low-income West African economy; agriculture-dominant; high poverty rate; heightened inflation; dependent on foreign assistance and remittances; structural reforms conditioned by…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$8.365 billion (2024 est.) | $7.911 billion (2023 est.) | $7.549 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$8.365 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 8.365, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$3,000 (2024 est.) | $2,900 (2023 est.) | $2,900 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$3,000 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 3000.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "5.7% (2024 est.) | 4.8% (2023 est.) | 5.5% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "5.7% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "11.6% (2024 est.) | 17% (2023 est.) | 11.5% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "11.6% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.11599999999999999, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "6.5% (2024 est.) | 6.5% (2023 est.) | 6.1% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "6.5% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.065, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "peanuts, fish, hides, tourism, beverages, agricultural machinery assembly, woodworking, metalworking, clothing", "display": "peanuts, fish, hides, tourism, beverages, agricultural machinery assembly, woodworking, metalworking, clothing", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "rice, groundnuts, milk, millet, oil palm fruit, maize, vegetables, cassava, fruits, sorghum (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "rice, groundnuts, milk, millet, oil palm fruit, maize, vegetables, cassava, fruits, sorghum (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "packaged medicine, cars, harvesting machinery, refined petroleum, trailers (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "packaged medicine, cars, harvesting machinery, refined petroleum, trailers (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "crude petroleum, refined petroleum, cotton fabric, iron alloys, rice (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "crude petroleum, refined petroleum, cotton fabric, iron alloys, rice (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 46% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 46% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.46, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 6,000 (2022 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2022 est.) less than 1", "display": "total: 6,000 (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 6000.0, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 65.4% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 82.8% | electrification - rural areas: 31.2%", "display": "electrification - total population: 65.4% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 99% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 0.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 0.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 99% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "2.731 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "2.731 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "1 (2025)", "display": "1 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 1 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 0 | very small: 1 | ports with oil terminals: 1 | key ports: Banjul", "display": "total ports: 1 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 15 (2023) | by type: general cargo 5, other 10", "display": "total: 15 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "deforestation due to slash-and-burn agriculture; desertification; water pollution; water-borne diseases", "display": "deforestation due to slash-and-burn agriculture; desertification; water pollution; water-borne diseases", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "537,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 537,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "537,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "8 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "8 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 41.2 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 21.2 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 39.2 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 41.2 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nucle…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/gambia-the.json" }, { "entity_id": "gaza-strip", "name": "Gaza Strip", "source_code": "PS", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Middle East", "roadmap_country": "State of Palestine", "coverage_region": "Asia", "roadmap_status": "component", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 104, "published_fact_count": 40, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 2184652.0, "area_sq_km": 360.0, "capital": null, "government_type": null, "life_expectancy_years": 75.5, "urban_population_percent": 77.6, "internet_users_percent": 87.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 3800.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "The Gaza Strip has been under the de facto governing authority of the Islamic Resistance Movement (HAMAS) since 2007 and has faced years of conflict, poverty, and humanitarian crises. Inhabited since at least the 15th century B.C., the Gaza Strip area has been dominated by many different peoples and empires throughout its history; it was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in the early 16th century. The Gaza Strip fell to British forces during World War I, becoming a part of the British Mandate of Palestine. Following the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, Egypt administered the newly formed Gaza Strip; Israel captured it in the Six-Day War in 1967. Under a series of agreements known as the Oslo Accords signed between 1993 and 1999, Israel transferred to the newly-created Palestinian Authority (PA) security and civilian responsibility for many Palestinian-populated areas of the Gaza Strip, as well as the West Bank. | In 2000, a violent intifada or uprising began in response to perceived Israeli provocations , and in 2001, negotiations to determine the permanent status of the West Bank , East Jerusalem , and Gaza Strip stalled. Subsequent attempts to re-start negotiations have not resulted in progress toward determining final status and resolving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Israel in 2005 unilaterally withdrew all of its settlers and soldiers and dismantled its military facilities in the Gaza Strip, but it continues to control the Gaza Strip’s land borders , maritime territorial waters, cyberspace, telecommunications, and airspace. In 2006, HAMAS won a majority in the Palestinian Legislative Council election. Fatah, the dominant Palestinian political faction in the West Bank, and HAMAS failed to maintain a unity government, leading to violent clashes between their respective supporters and HAMAS ' s violent seizure of all PA military and governmental institutions in the Gaza Strip in 2007. Since HAMAS ' s takeover, Israel and Egypt have enforced tight restrictions on movement and access of goods and individuals into and out of the territory. Fatah and HAMAS have since negotiated a series of agreements aimed at restoring political unity between the Gaza Strip and the West Bank but have struggled to enact them. Palestinian militants in the Gaza Strip and the Israel Defense Forces periodically exchange projectiles and air strikes, respectively, threatening broader conflict. In 2021, HAMAS launched rockets into Israel, sparking an 11-day conflict that also involved other Gaza-based militant groups. Egypt, Qatar, and the UN Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process negotiated ceasefires, averting a broader conflict. Since 2018, HAMAS has coordinated demonstrations along the Gaza-Israel security fence. HAMAS has also stood by while other militant groups, such as Palestinian Islamic Jihad, fought brief conflicts with Israel, most recently in August 2022 and May 2023. | On 7 October 2023, HAMAS militants inside the Gaza Strip launched a combined unguided rocket and ground attack into Israel . The attack began with a barrage of more than 3,000 rockets fired toward Israel from Gaza, and included thousands of terrorists infiltrating Israel by land, sea, and air via paragliders . Militants attacked military bases, clashed with security forces mostly in southern Israel, and simultaneously infiltrated civilian communities . During the attack, terrorists carried out massacres and murdered civilians, including torture, acts of abuse and rape, a massacre at the Supernova music festival near Kibbutz Re'im, as well as kidnapping approximately 240 civilians, including men, women, children, and soldiers. These attacks were followed soon after by Israel i Defense Forces (IDF) air strikes inside Gaza. The next day, Israeli Prime Minister NETANYAHU formally declared war on Gaza. The IDF on 28 October launched a large-scale ground assault inside Gaza that is ongoing as of April 2024 .", "display": "The Gaza Strip has been under the de facto governing authority of the Islamic Resistance Movement (HAMAS) since 2007 and has faced years of conflict, poverty, and humanitarian cri…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2007 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt and Israel", "display": "Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt and Israel", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Middle East", "display": "Middle East", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 360 sq km | land: 360 sq km | water: 0 sq km", "display": "total : 360 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 360.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "40 km", "display": "40 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "flat to rolling, sand- and dune-covered coastal plain", "display": "flat to rolling, sand- and dune-covered coastal plain", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "temperate, mild winters, dry and warm to hot summers", "display": "temperate, mild winters, dry and warm to hot summers", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Abu 'Awdah (Joz Abu 'Awdah) 105 m | lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m", "display": "highest point: Abu 'Awdah (Joz Abu 'Awdah) 105 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "droughts", "display": "droughts", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "arable land, natural gas", "display": "arable land, natural gas", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "population concentrated in major cities, particularly Gaza City in the north", "display": "population concentrated in major cities, particularly Gaza City in the north", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 2,184,652 (2025 est.) | male: 1,108,222 | female: 1,076,430", "display": "total: 2,184,652 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 2184652.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.96% (2025 est.)", "display": "1.96% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0196, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 77.6% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 2.85% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) | note: data represent Gaza Strip and the West Bank", "display": "urban population: 77.6% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Arabic, Hebrew (spoken by many Palestinians), English (widely understood) | major-language sample(s): | كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Arabic, Hebrew (spoken by many Palestinians), English (widely understood)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Muslim 98.0 - 99.0% (predominantly Sunni), Christian <1.0%, other, unaffiliated, unspecified <1.0% (2012 est.) | note: Israel dismantled its settlements in September 2005; Gaza has had no Jewish population since then", "display": "Muslim 98.0 - 99.0% (predominantly Sunni), Christian <1.0%, other, unaffiliated, unspecified <1.0% (2012 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2012 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 75.5 years (2024 est.) | male: 73.7 years | female: 77.4 years", "display": "total population: 75.5 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 75.5, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 19.9 years (2025 est.) | male: 19.3 years | female: 19.8 years", "display": "total: 19.9 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "778,000 Gaza (2023)", "display": "778,000 Gaza (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 98% (2022 est.) | male: 99% (2022 est.) | female: 97% (2022 est.) | note: estimates are for Gaza Strip and the West Bank", "display": "total population: 98% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 13 years (2023 est.) | male: 12 years (2023 est.) | female: 14 years (2023 est.) | note: data represent Gaza Strip and the West Bank", "display": "total: 13 years (2023 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: none | conventional short form: Gaza, Gaza Strip | local long form: none | local short form: Qita' Ghazzah | etymology: named for the largest city in the enclave, Gaza, whose settlement can be traced back to at least the 15th century B.C. (as \"Ghazzat\"); \"Strip\" refers to its elongated shape along the Mediterranean", "display": "conventional long form: none", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$20.339 billion (2024 est.) | $27.694 billion (2023 est.) | $29.016 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars; entry includes West Bank and Gaza Strip", "display": "$20.339 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 20.339, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$3,800 (2024 est.) | $5,400 (2023 est.) | $5,800 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars; entry includes West Bank and Gaza Strip", "display": "$3,800 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 3800.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "-26.6% (2024 est.) | -4.6% (2023 est.) | 4.1% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency; entry includes West Bank and Gaza Strip", "display": "-26.6% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "53.7% (2024 est.) | 5.9% (2023 est.) | 3.7% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices; entry includes West Bank and Gaza Strip", "display": "53.7% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.537, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "24.5% (2022 est.) | 26.4% (2021 est.) | 25.9% (2020 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment; entry includes West Bank and Gaza Strip", "display": "24.5% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.245, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "textiles, food processing, furniture", "display": "textiles, food processing, furniture", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "tomatoes, milk, cucumbers/gherkins, olives, potatoes, sheep milk, eggplants, pumpkins/squash, grapes, goat milk (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "tomatoes, milk, cucumbers/gherkins, olives, potatoes, sheep milk, eggplants, pumpkins/squash, grapes, goat milk (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "scrap iron, tropical fruits, olive oil, building stone, prepared meat (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars; entry includes the West Bank and the Gaza Strip", "display": "scrap iron, tropical fruits, olive oil, building stone, prepared meat (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "cement, raw sugar, cars, baked goods, perfumes (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars; entry includes the West Bank and the Gaza Strip", "display": "cement, raw sugar, cars, baked goods, perfumes (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 87% (2023 est.) | note: includes the West Bank", "display": "percent of population: 87% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.87, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 431,000 (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 8 (2023 est.) | note: includes the West Bank", "display": "total: 431,000 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 431000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.) | note: includes the West Bank and the Gaza Strip", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 66.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 33.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | note: includes the West Bank and the Gaza Strip", "display": "fossil fuels: 66.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "14.991 million Btu/person (2023 est.) | note: includes the West Bank and the Gaza Strip", "display": "14.991 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "soil degradation; desertification; water pollution from chemicals and pesticides; salination of fresh water; improper sewage treatment; depletion and contamination of underground water resources", "display": "soil degradation; desertification; water pollution from chemicals and pesticides; salination of fresh water; improper sewage treatment; depletion and contamination of underground…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "3.913 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 3.913 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | note: includes the West Bank and the Gaza Strip", "display": "3.913 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "837 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | note: data represent combined total from the Gaza Strip and the West Bank.", "display": "837 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 251 million cubic meters (2022) | industrial: 37 million cubic meters (2022) | agricultural: 158 million cubic meters (2022) | note: data represent combined total from the Gaza Strip and the West Bank.", "display": "municipal: 251 million cubic meters (2022)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/gaza-strip.json" }, { "entity_id": "georgia", "name": "Georgia", "source_code": "GE", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Asia", "roadmap_country": "Georgia", "coverage_region": "Asia", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 145, "published_fact_count": 52, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 4900961.0, "area_sq_km": 69700.0, "capital": "Tbilisi", "government_type": "semi-presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 72.8, "urban_population_percent": 60.7, "internet_users_percent": 82.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 25000.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "The region of present-day Georgia once contained the ancient kingdoms of Colchis (known as Egrisi locally) and Kartli-Iberia. The area came under Roman influence in the first centuries A.D., and Christianity became the state religion in the 330s. Persian, Arab, and Turk domination was followed by a Georgian golden age (11th-13th centuries) that was cut short when the Mongols invaded in 1236. Subsequently, the Ottoman and Persian empires competed for influence in the region. Georgia was absorbed into the Russian Empire in the 19th century. Independent for three years (1918-1921) following the Russian revolution, it was forcibly incorporated into the USSR in 1921 and regained its independence when the Soviet Union dissolved in 1991. | In 2003, mounting public discontent over rampant corruption, ineffective government services, and a government attempt to manipulate parliamentary elections touched off widespread protests that led to the resignation of Eduard SHEVARDNADZE, who had been president since 1995. In the aftermath of this \"Rose Revolution,\" new elections in 2004 swept Mikheil SAAKASHVILI and his United National Movement (UNM) party into power. SAAKASHVILI made progress on market reforms and governance, but he faced accusations of abuse of office. Progress was further complicated when Russian support for the separatist regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia led to a five-day conflict between Russia and Georgia in August 2008, which included Russia invading large portions of Georgian territory. Russia initially pledged to pull back from most Georgian territory but then unilaterally recognized the independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, and Russian military forces have remained in those regions. | Billionaire Bidzina IVANISHVILI's unexpected entry into politics in 2011 brought the divided opposition together under his Georgian Dream coalition, which won a majority of seats in the 2012 parliamentary elections and removed UNM from power. Conceding defeat, SAAKASHVILI named IVANISHVILI as prime minister and left the country after his presidential term ended in 2013. IVANISHVILI voluntarily resigned from office after the presidential succession, and in the years since, the prime minister position has seen frequent turnover. In 2021, SAAKASHVILI returned to Georgia, where he was immediately arrested to serve six years in prison on outstanding abuse-of-office convictions. | Popular support for integration with the West is high in Georgia. Joining the EU and NATO are among the country's top foreign policy goals, and Georgia applied for EU membership in 2022, becoming a candidate country in December 2023. Georgia and the EU have a Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement, and since 2017, Georgian citizens have been able to travel to the Schengen area without a visa.", "display": "The region of present-day Georgia once contained the ancient kingdoms of Colchis (known as Egrisi locally) and Kartli-Iberia. The area came under Roman influence in the first cent…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1918 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southwestern Asia, bordering the Black Sea, between Turkey and Russia, with a sliver of land north of the Caucasus extending into Europe; note - Georgia views itself as part of Europe; geopolitically, it can be classified as falling within Europe, the Middle East, or both", "display": "Southwestern Asia, bordering the Black Sea, between Turkey and Russia, with a sliver of land north of the Caucasus extending into Europe; note - Georgia views itself as part of Eu…", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Asia", "display": "Asia", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 69,700 sq km | land: 69,700 sq km | water: 0 sq km | note: approximately 12,560 sq km, or about 18% of Georgia's area, is Russian-occupied; the seized area includes all of Abkhazia and the breakaway region of South Ossetia, which consists of the northern part of Shida Kartli, eastern slivers of the Imereti region, Racha-Lechkhumi, Kvemo Svaneti, and part of western Mtskheta-Mtianeti", "display": "total : 69,700 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 69700.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "310 km", "display": "310 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "largely mountainous with Great Caucasus Mountains in the north and Lesser Caucasus Mountains in the south; Kolkhet'is Dablobi (Kolkhida Lowland) opens to the Black Sea in the west; Mtkvari River Basin in the east; fertile soils in river valley flood plains and foothills of Kolkhida Lowland", "display": "largely mountainous with Great Caucasus Mountains in the north and Lesser Caucasus Mountains in the south; Kolkhet'is Dablobi (Kolkhida Lowland) opens to the Black Sea in the west…", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "warm and pleasant; Mediterranean-like on Black Sea coast", "display": "warm and pleasant; Mediterranean-like on Black Sea coast", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Mt'a Shkhara 5,193 m | lowest point: Black Sea 0 m | mean elevation: 1,432 m", "display": "highest point: Mt'a Shkhara 5,193 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "earthquakes", "display": "earthquakes", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "timber, hydropower, manganese deposits, iron ore, copper, minor coal and oil deposits; coastal climate and soils allow for important tea and citrus growth", "display": "timber, hydropower, manganese deposits, iron ore, copper, minor coal and oil deposits; coastal climate and soils allow for important tea and citrus growth", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "settlement concentrated in the central valley, particularly in the capital city of Tbilisi in the east; smaller urban agglomerations dot the Black Sea coast, with Bat'umi being the largest", "display": "settlement concentrated in the central valley, particularly in the capital city of Tbilisi in the east; smaller urban agglomerations dot the Black Sea coast, with Bat'umi being th…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 4,900,961 (2024 est.) | male: 2,343,068 | female: 2,557,893", "display": "total: 4,900,961 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 4900961.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "-0.45% (2025 est.)", "display": "-0.45% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": -0.0045000000000000005, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 60.7% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.35% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) | note: data include Abkhazia and South Ossetia", "display": "urban population: 60.7% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Georgian (official) 87.6%, Azeri 6.2%, Armenian 3.9%, Russian 1.2%, other 1% (including Abkhaz, the official language in Abkhazia) (2014 est.) | major-language sample(s): | მსოფლიო ფაქტების წიგნი, ძირითადი ინფორმაციის აუცილებელი წყარო. 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"Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 72.8 years (2024 est.) | male: 68.7 years | female: 77.2 years", "display": "total population: 72.8 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 72.8, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 38.6 years (2025 est.) | male: 35.9 years | female: 40.6 years", "display": "total: 38.6 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.082 million TBILISI (capital) (2023)", "display": "1.082 million TBILISI (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", 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"content": "steel, machine tools, electrical appliances, mining (manganese, copper, gold), chemicals, wood products, wine", "display": "steel, machine tools, electrical appliances, mining (manganese, copper, gold), chemicals, wood products, wine", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "milk, grapes, potatoes, maize, wheat, tangerines/mandarins, tomatoes, barley, apples, eggs (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "milk, grapes, potatoes, maize, wheat, tangerines/mandarins, tomatoes, barley, apples, eggs (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "cars, copper ore, electricity, garments, wine (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "cars, copper ore, electricity, garments, wine (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "cars, refined petroleum, packaged medicine, natural gas, garments (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "cars, refined petroleum, packaged medicine, natural gas, garments (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 82% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 82% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.82, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 1.1 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 29 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 1.1 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 1100000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 23.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 0.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 75.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 23.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "56.076 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "56.076 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "21 (2025)", "display": "21 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 3 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 1 | very small: 2 | ports with oil terminals: 2 | key ports: Batumi, Sokhumi, Supsa Marine Terminal", "display": "total ports: 3 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 1,363 km (2014) | narrow gauge: 37 km (2014) 0.912-m gauge (37 km electrified) | broad gauge: 1,326 km (2014) 1.520-m gauge (1,251 km electrified)", "display": "total: 1,363 km (2014)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2014 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 26 (2023) | by type: general cargo 3, other 23", "display": "total: 26 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "air pollution, particularly in Rust'avi; heavy water pollution of Mtkvari River and the Black Sea; inadequate supplies of potable water; soil pollution from toxic chemicals; land and forest degradation; biodiversity loss; waste management", "display": "air pollution, particularly in Rust'avi; heavy water pollution of Mtkvari River and the Black Sea; inadequate supplies of potable water; soil pollution from toxic chemicals; land…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "10.7 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 812,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 4.469 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 5.419 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "10.7 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "63.33 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "63.33 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 504.96 million cubic meters (2022) | industrial: 354.46 million cubic meters (2022) | agricultural: 433.96 million cubic meters (2022)", "display": "municipal: 504.96 million cubic meters (2022)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered S…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/georgia.json" }, { "entity_id": "germany", "name": "Germany", "source_code": "DE", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Europe", "roadmap_country": "Germany", "coverage_region": "Europe", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 158, "published_fact_count": 51, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 84012284.0, "area_sq_km": 357022.0, "capital": "Berlin", "government_type": "federal parliamentary republic", "life_expectancy_years": 81.9, "urban_population_percent": 77.8, "internet_users_percent": 94.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 62800.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "As Europe's largest economy and second most-populous nation (after Russia), Germany is a key member of the continent's economic, political, and defense organizations. European power struggles immersed Germany in two devastating world wars in the first half of the 20th century and left the country occupied by the victorious Allied powers of the US, UK, France, and the Soviet Union in 1945. With the advent of the Cold War, two German states were formed in 1949: the western Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) and the eastern German Democratic Republic (GDR). The democratic FRG embedded itself in key western economic and security organizations, including the EC (now the EU) and NATO, while the communist GDR was on the front line of the Soviet-led Warsaw Pact. The decline of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War allowed German reunification to occur in 1990. Since then, Germany has expended considerable funds to bring eastern productivity and wages up to western standards. In January 1999, Germany and 10 other EU countries introduced a common European exchange currency, the euro.", "display": "As Europe's largest economy and second most-populous nation (after Russia), Germany is a key member of the continent's economic, political, and defense organizations. European pow…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1945 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Central Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, between the Netherlands and Poland, south of Denmark", "display": "Central Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, between the Netherlands and Poland, south of Denmark", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Europe", "display": "Europe", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 357,022 sq km | land: 348,672 sq km | water: 8,350 sq km", "display": "total : 357,022 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 357022.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "2,389 km", "display": "2,389 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "lowlands in north, uplands in center, Bavarian Alps in south", "display": "lowlands in north, uplands in center, Bavarian Alps in south", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "temperate and marine; 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a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations, particularly in the far-western part of the industrial state of North Rhine-Westphalia", "display": "second most populous country in Europe; a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations, particularly in the f…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 84,012,284 (2025 est.) | male: 41,517,301 | female: 42,494,983", "display": "total: 84,012,284 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 84012284.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "-0.13% (2025 est.)", "display": "-0.13% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": -0.0013, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 77.8% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.13% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 77.8% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "German (official); note - Danish, Frisian, Sorbian, and Romani are official minority languages; Low German, Danish, North Frisian, Sater Frisian, Lower Sorbian, Upper Sorbian, and Romani are recognized as regional languages | major-language sample(s): | Das World Factbook, die unverzichtbare Quelle für grundlegende Informationen. (German) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "German (official); note - Danish, Frisian, Sorbian, and Romani are official minority languages; Low German, Danish, North Frisian, Sater Frisian, Lower Sorbian, Upper Sorbian, and…", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Roman Catholic 24.8%, Protestant 22.6%, Muslim 3.7%, other 5.1%, none 43.8% (2022 est.)", "display": "Roman Catholic 24.8%, Protestant 22.6%, Muslim 3.7%, other 5.1%, none 43.8% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 81.9 years (2024 est.) | male: 79.6 years | female: 84.4 years", "display": "total population: 81.9 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 81.9, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 46.9 years (2025 est.) | male: 45.5 years | female: 48.3 years", "display": "total: 46.9 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "3.574 million BERLIN (capital), 1.788 million Hamburg, 1.576 million Munich, 1.144 million Cologne, 796,000 Frankfurt (2023)", "display": "3.574 million BERLIN (capital), 1.788 million Hamburg, 1.576 million Munich, 1.144 million Cologne, 796,000 Frankfurt (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School 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null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law system", "display": "civil law system", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: previous 1919 (Weimar Constitution); latest drafted 10-23 August 1948, approved 12 May 1949, promulgated 23 May 1949, entered into force 24 May 1949 | amendment process: proposed by Parliament; passage and enactment into law require two-thirds majority vote by both the Bundesrat (upper house) and the Bundestag (lower house) of Parliament; articles including those on basic human rights and freedoms cannot be amended", "display": "history: previous 1919 (Weimar Constitution); latest drafted 10-23 August 1948, approved 12 May 1949, promulgated 23 May 1949, entered into force 24 May 1949", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1919 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "16 states ( Laender , singular - Land ); Baden-Wuerttemberg, Bayern (Bavaria), Berlin, Brandenburg, Bremen, Hamburg, Hessen (Hesse), Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania), Niedersachsen (Lower Saxony), Nordrhein-Westfalen (North Rhine-Westphalia), Rheinland-Pfalz (Rhineland-Palatinate), Saarland, Sachsen (Saxony), Sachsen-Anhalt (Saxony-Anhalt), Schleswig-Holstein, Thueringen (Thuringia) | note: Bayern, Sachsen, and Thueringen refer to themselves as free states ( Freistaaten , singular - Freistaat ), while Bremen calls itself a Free Hanseatic City ( Freie Hansestadt ) and Hamburg considers itself a Free and Hanseatic City ( Freie und Hansestadt )", "display": "16 states ( Laender , singular - Land ); Baden-Wuerttemberg, Bayern (Bavaria), Berlin, Brandenburg, Bremen, Hamburg, Hessen (Hesse), Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (Mecklenburg-Western Po…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council (observer), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS, CD, CDB, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-5, G-7, G-8, G-10, G-20, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), SICA (observer), UN, UNAMID, 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(2024 est.) | -0.3% (2023 est.) | 1.4% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "-0.2% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.3% (2024 est.) | 5.9% (2023 est.) | 6.9% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "2.3% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.023, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3.5% (2024 est.) | 3.1% (2023 est.) | 3.2% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "3.5% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.035, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "iron, steel, coal, cement, chemicals, machinery, vehicles, machine tools, electronics, automobiles, food and beverages, shipbuilding, textiles", "display": "iron, steel, coal, cement, chemicals, machinery, vehicles, machine tools, electronics, automobiles, food and beverages, shipbuilding, textiles", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "milk, sugar beets, wheat, potatoes, barley, maize, rapeseed, pork, rye, triticale (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "milk, sugar beets, wheat, potatoes, barley, maize, rapeseed, pork, rye, triticale (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "cars, vehicle parts/accessories, packaged medicine, plastic products, vaccines (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "cars, vehicle parts/accessories, packaged medicine, plastic products, vaccines (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "cars, vehicle parts/accessories, garments, natural gas, vaccines (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "cars, vehicle parts/accessories, garments, natural gas, vaccines (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 94% (2024 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 94% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.94, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 38.4 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 45 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 38.4 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 38400000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 49% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | nuclear: 1.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 11.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 25.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 3.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 9.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 49% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "120.457 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "120.457 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "840 (2025)", "display": "840 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 35 (2024) | large: 5 | medium: 4 | small: 11 | very small: 15 | ports with oil terminals: 12 | key ports: Brake, Bremen, Bremerhaven, Cuxhaven, Emden, Hamburg, Kiel, Lubeck, Rostock", "display": "total ports: 35 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 39,379 km (2020) 20,942 km electrified | 15 km 0.900-mm gauge, 24 km 0.750-mm gauge (2015)", "display": "total: 39,379 km (2020) 20,942 km electrified", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 595 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 1, container ship 69, general cargo 82, oil tanker 32, other 411", "display": "total: 595 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "air pollution and acid rain from coal-burning utilities and industries; water pollution from raw sewage and industrial effluents; hazardous waste disposal", "display": "air pollution and acid rain from coal-burning utilities and industries; water pollution from raw sewage and industrial effluents; hazardous waste disposal", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "600.192 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 163.407 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 277.688 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 159.097 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "600.192 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "154 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "154 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 10.713 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 14.005 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 1.075 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 10.713 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/germany.json" }, { "entity_id": "ghana", "name": "Ghana", "source_code": "GH", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Africa", "roadmap_country": "Ghana", "coverage_region": "Africa", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 152, "published_fact_count": 52, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 35336133.0, "area_sq_km": 238533.0, "capital": "Accra", "government_type": "presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 70.1, "urban_population_percent": 59.2, "internet_users_percent": 70.0, "electricity_access_percent": 85.1, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 7100.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Ghana is a multiethnic country rich in natural resources and is one of the most stable and democratic countries in West Africa. Ghana has been inhabited for at least several thousand years, but little is known about its early inhabitants. By the 12th century, the gold trade started to boom in Bono (Bonoman) state in what is today southern Ghana, and it became the genesis of the Akan people's power and wealth in the region. Beginning in the 15th century, the Portuguese, followed by other European powers, arrived and competed for trading rights. Numerous kingdoms and empires emerged in the area, among the most powerful were the Kingdom of Dagbon in the north and the Asante (Ashanti) Empire in the south. By the mid-18th century, Asante was a highly organized state with immense wealth; it provided enslaved people for the Atlantic slave trade, and in return received firearms that facilitated its territorial expansion. The Asante resisted increasing British influence in the coastal areas, engaging in a series of wars during the 19th century before ultimately falling under British control. Formed from the merger of the British colony of the Gold Coast and the Togoland trust territory, Ghana in 1957 became the first Sub-Saharan country in colonial Africa to gain its independence, with Kwame NKRUMAH as its first leader. | Ghana endured a series of coups before Lt. Jerry RAWLINGS took power in 1981 and banned political parties. After approving a new constitution and restoring multiparty politics in 1992, RAWLINGS won presidential elections in 1992 and 1996 but was constitutionally prevented from running for a third term in 2000. John KUFUOR of the opposition New Patriotic Party (NPP) succeeded him and was reelected in 2004. John Atta MILLS of the National Democratic Congress won the 2008 presidential election and took over as head of state. MILLS died in 2012 and was constitutionally succeeded by his vice president, John Dramani MAHAMA, who subsequently won the 2012 presidential election. In 2016, Nana Addo Dankwa AKUFO-ADDO of the NPP defeated MAHAMA, marking the third time that Ghana’s presidency had changed parties since the return to democracy. AKUFO-ADDO was reelected in 2020. In recent years, Ghana has taken an active role in promoting regional stability and is highly integrated in international affairs.", "display": "Ghana is a multiethnic country rich in natural resources and is one of the most stable and democratic countries in West Africa. Ghana has been inhabited for at least several thous…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1957 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Cote d'Ivoire and Togo", "display": "Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Cote d'Ivoire and Togo", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Africa", "display": "Africa", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 238,533 sq km | land: 227,533 sq km | water: 11,000 sq km", "display": "total : 238,533 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 238533.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "539 km", "display": "539 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly low plains with dissected plateau in south-central area", "display": "mostly low plains with dissected plateau in south-central area", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical; warm and comparatively dry along southeast coast; hot and humid in southwest; hot and dry in north", "display": "tropical; warm and comparatively dry along southeast coast; hot and humid in southwest; hot and dry in north", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Mount Afadjato 885 m | lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m | mean elevation: 190 m", "display": "highest point: Mount Afadjato 885 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "dry, dusty, northeastern harmattan winds from January to March; droughts", "display": "dry, dusty, northeastern harmattan winds from January to March; droughts", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "gold, timber, industrial diamonds, bauxite, manganese, fish, rubber, hydropower, petroleum, silver, salt, limestone", "display": "gold, timber, industrial diamonds, bauxite, manganese, fish, rubber, hydropower, petroleum, silver, salt, limestone", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "population is concentrated in the southern half of the country, with the highest concentrations on or near the Atlantic coast, as shown in this population distribution map", "display": "population is concentrated in the southern half of the country, with the highest concentrations on or near the Atlantic coast, as shown in this population distribution map", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 35,336,133 (2025 est.) | male: 17,278,776 | female: 18,057,357", "display": "total: 35,336,133 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 35336133.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "2.12% (2025 est.)", "display": "2.12% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0212, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 59.2% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 3.06% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 59.2% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Asante 16%, Ewe 14%, Fante 11.6%, Boron (Brong) 4.9%, Dagomba 4.4%, Dangme 4.2%, Dagarte (Dagaba) 3.9%, Kokomba 3.5%, Akyem 3.2%, Ga 3.1%, other 31.2% (2010 est.) | note: English is the official language", "display": "Asante 16%, Ewe 14%, Fante 11.6%, Boron (Brong) 4.9%, Dagomba 4.4%, Dangme 4.2%, Dagarte (Dagaba) 3.9%, Kokomba 3.5%, Akyem 3.2%, Ga 3.1%, other 31.2% (2010 est.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2010 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Christian 71.3% (Pentecostal/Charismatic 31.6%, Protestant 17.4%, Catholic 10%, other 12.3%), Muslim 19.9%, traditionalist 3.2%, other 4.5%, none 1.1% (2021 est.)", "display": "Christian 71.3% (Pentecostal/Charismatic 31.6%, Protestant 17.4%, Catholic 10%, other 12.3%), Muslim 19.9%, traditionalist 3.2%, other 4.5%, none 1.1% (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 70.1 years (2024 est.) | male: 68.4 years | female: 71.8 years", "display": "total population: 70.1 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 70.1, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 21.6 years (2025 est.) | male: 20.6 years | female: 22.3 years", "display": "total: 21.6 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "3.768 million Kumasi, 2.660 million ACCRA (capital), 1.078 million Sekondi Takoradi (2023)", "display": "3.768 million Kumasi, 2.660 million ACCRA (capital), 1.078 million Sekondi Takoradi (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 76.5% (2021 est.) | male: 81.3% (2021 est.) | female: 72.1% (2021 est.)", "display": "total population: 76.5% (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 12 years (2022 est.) | male: 12 years (2022 est.) | female: 12 years (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 12 years (2022 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Ghana | conventional short form: Ghana | former: Gold Coast | etymology: named for a tribal chieftain who ruled a large part of the region prior to the 13th century, even though his territory was northwest of modern-day Ghana; the former name, Gold Coast, came from the gold that Portuguese explorers discovered in the region in the late 15th century", "display": "conventional long form: Republic of Ghana", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Accra | geographic coordinates: 5 33 N, 0 13 W | time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: the name derives from the Akan word nkran , meaning \"ant,\" and may refer to the nickname local forest dwellers gave to the Nigerian tribes who settled in the area in the 16th century", "display": "name: Accra", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "presidential republic", "display": "presidential republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "mixed system of English common law and customary law", "display": "mixed system of English common law and customary law", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: several previous; latest drafted 31 March 1992, approved and promulgated 28 April 1992, entered into force 7 January 1993 | amendment process: proposed by Parliament; consideration requires prior referral to the Council of State, a body of prominent citizens who advise the president of the republic; passage of amendments to \"entrenched\" constitutional articles (including those on national sovereignty, fundamental rights and freedoms, the structure and authorities of the branches of government, and amendment procedures) requires approval in a referendum by at least 40% participation of eligible voters and at least 75% of votes cast, followed by at least two-thirds majority vote in Parliament, and assent of the president; amendments to non-entrenched articles do not require referenda", "display": "history: several previous; latest drafted 31 March 1992, approved and promulgated 28 April 1992, entered into force 7 January 1993", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1992 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "16 regions; Ahafo, Ashanti, Bono, Bono East, Central, Eastern, Greater Accra, North East, Northern, Oti, Savannah, Upper East, Upper West, Volta, Western, Western North", "display": "16 regions; Ahafo, Ashanti, Bono, Bono East, Central, Eastern, Greater Accra, North East, Northern, Oti, Savannah, Upper East, Upper West, Volta, Western, Western North", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACP, AfDB, ATMIS, AU, C, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNOOSA, UNSOM, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ACP, AfDB, ATMIS, AU, C, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, In…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "West African lower-middle income economy; major gold, oil and cocoa exporter; macroeconomic challenges following nearly four decades of sustained growth; recent progress in debt restructuring, fiscal reforms, financial stability, and curbing runaway inflation under 2023-26 IMF credit facility program", "display": "West African lower-middle income economy; major gold, oil and cocoa exporter; macroeconomic challenges following nearly four decades of sustained growth; recent progress in debt r…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$243.124 billion (2024 est.) | $230.046 billion (2023 est.) | $223.043 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$243.124 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 243.124, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$7,100 (2024 est.) | $6,800 (2023 est.) | $6,700 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$7,100 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 7100.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "5.7% (2024 est.) | 3.1% (2023 est.) | 3.8% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "5.7% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "22.8% (2024 est.) | 38.1% (2023 est.) | 31.3% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "22.8% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.228, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3.1% (2024 est.) | 3.1% (2023 est.) | 3.1% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "3.1% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.031, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "mining, lumbering, light manufacturing, aluminum smelting, food processing, cement, small commercial ship building, petroleum", "display": "mining, lumbering, light manufacturing, aluminum smelting, food processing, cement, small commercial ship building, petroleum", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "cassava, yams, plantains, maize, oil palm fruit, taro, rice, oranges, pineapples, cocoa beans (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "cassava, yams, plantains, maize, oil palm fruit, taro, rice, oranges, pineapples, cocoa beans (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "gold, crude petroleum, cocoa beans, manganese ore, cocoa paste (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "gold, crude petroleum, cocoa beans, manganese ore, cocoa paste (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, cars, plastics, plastic products, footwear (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, cars, plastics, plastic products, footwear (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 70% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 70% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.7, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 223,000 (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 223,000 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 223000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 85.1% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 95% | electrification - rural areas: 71.6%", "display": "electrification - total population: 85.1% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 61.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 0.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 37.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 61.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "10.493 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "10.493 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "11 (2025)", "display": "11 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 4 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 1 | small: 1 | very small: 2 | ports with oil terminals: 3 | key ports: Saltpond, Sekondi, Takoradi, Tema", "display": "total ports: 4 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 947 km (2022) | narrow gauge: 947 km (2022) 1.067-m gauge", "display": "total: 947 km (2022)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 52 (2023) | by type: general cargo 8, oil tanker 3, other 41", "display": "total: 52 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "drought in north; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; poaching and habitat destruction; water pollution; inadequate potable water", "display": "drought in north; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; poaching and habitat destruction; water pollution; inadequate potable water", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "20.822 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 107,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 13.349 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 7.366 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "20.822 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "56.2 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "56.2 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 299.6 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 95 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 1.07 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 299.6 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environ…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/ghana.json" }, { "entity_id": "gibraltar", "name": "Gibraltar", "source_code": "GI", "source_entity_class": "dependency-or-territory", "source_region": "Europe", "roadmap_country": null, "coverage_region": null, "roadmap_status": "additional", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 93, "published_fact_count": 38, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 29733.0, "area_sq_km": 7.0, "capital": "Gibraltar", "government_type": "parliamentary democracy (Parliament); self-governing overseas territory of the UK", "life_expectancy_years": 80.9, "urban_population_percent": 100.0, "internet_users_percent": 94.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": null, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": null, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Spain reluctantly ceded the strategically important Gibraltar to Great Britain in the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht, and the British garrison at Gibraltar was formally declared a colony in 1830. In a referendum held in 1967, Gibraltarians voted overwhelmingly to remain a British dependency. After the UK granted Gibraltar autonomy in 1969, Spain closed the border and severed all communication links. Between 1997 and 2002, the UK and Spain held a series of talks on establishing temporary joint sovereignty over Gibraltar. In response to these talks, the Gibraltar Government called a referendum in 2002 in which the majority of citizens voted overwhelmingly against sharing sovereignty with Spain. Since 2004, Spain, the UK, and Gibraltar have held tripartite talks to resolve problems that affect the local population, and work continues on cooperation agreements in areas such as taxation and financial services, communications and maritime security, legal and customs services, environmental protection, and education and visa services. A new noncolonial constitution came into force in 2007, and the European Court of First Instance recognized Gibraltar's right to regulate its own tax regime in 2008. The UK retains responsibility for defense, foreign relations, internal security, and financial stability. | Spain and the UK continue to spar over the territory. In 2009, for example, a dispute over Gibraltar's claim to territorial waters extending out three miles gave rise to periodic non-violent maritime confrontations between Spanish and UK naval patrols. Spain renewed its demands for an eventual return of Gibraltar to Spanish control after the UK’s 2016 vote to leave the EU, but London has dismissed any connection between the vote and its sovereignty over Gibraltar.", "display": "Spain reluctantly ceded the strategically important Gibraltar to Great Britain in the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht, and the British garrison at Gibraltar was formally declared a colony…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1967 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southwestern Europe, bordering the Strait of Gibraltar, which links the Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, on the southern coast of Spain", "display": "Southwestern Europe, bordering the Strait of Gibraltar, which links the Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, on the southern coast of Spain", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Europe", "display": "Europe", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 7 sq km | land: 6.5 sq km | water: 0 sq km", "display": "total : 7 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 7.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "12 km", "display": "12 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "a narrow coastal lowland borders the Rock of Gibraltar", "display": "a narrow coastal lowland borders the Rock of Gibraltar", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", 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"content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 100% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 100% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "1 (2025)", "display": "1 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 1 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 1 | small: 0 | very small: 0 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During the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, it gradually added neighboring islands and territories, most with Greek-speaking populations. In World War II, Greece was first invaded by Italy (1940) and subsequently occupied by Germany (1941-44); fighting endured in a protracted civil war between supporters of the king and other anti-communist and communist rebels. The communists were defeated in 1949, and Greece joined NATO in 1952. In 1967, a military coup forced the king to flee the country. The ensuing military dictatorship collapsed in 1974, and Greece abolished the monarchy to become a parliamentary republic. | In 1981, Greece joined the EC (now the EU); it became the 12th member of the European Economic and Monetary Union in 2001. From 2009 until 2019, Greece suffered a severe economic crisis due to nearly a decade of chronic overspending and structural rigidities. Beginning in 2010, Greece entered three bailout agreements -- the first two with the European Commission, the European Central Bank, and the IMF; and the third in 2015 with the European Stability Mechanism -- worth in total about $300 billion. The Greek Government formally exited the third bailout in 2018, and Greece's economy has since improved significantly. In 2022, the country finalized its early repayment to the IMF and graduated on schedule from the EU's enhanced surveillance framework.", "display": "Greece won independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1830 and became a kingdom. 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Methana and Nisyros in the Aegean are also classified as historically active", "display": "severe earthquakes", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "lignite, petroleum, iron ore, bauxite, lead, zinc, nickel, magnesite, marble, salt, hydropower potential", "display": "lignite, petroleum, iron ore, bauxite, lead, zinc, nickel, magnesite, marble, salt, hydropower potential", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "one third of the population lives in and around metropolitan Athens; the remainder of the country has moderate population density mixed with sizeable urban clusters", "display": "one third of the population lives in and around metropolitan Athens; 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"label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 46.8 years (2025 est.) | male: 44.6 years | female: 48.3 years", "display": "total: 46.8 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "3.154 million ATHENS (capital), 815,000 Thessaloniki (2023)", "display": "3.154 million ATHENS (capital), 815,000 Thessaloniki (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 21 years (2022 est.) | male: 21 years (2022 est.) | female: 21 years (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 21 years (2022 est.)", "source_field": 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"label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: many previous; latest entered into force 11 June 1975 | amendment process: proposed by at least 50 members of Parliament and agreed by three-fifths majority vote in two separate ballots at least 30 days apart; passage requires absolute majority vote by the next elected Parliament; entry into force finalized through a \"special parliamentary resolution\"; articles on human rights and freedoms and the form of government cannot be amended", "display": "history: many previous; latest entered into force 11 June 1975", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1975 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "13 regions ( perifereies , singular - perifereia ) and 1 autonomous monastic state* ( aftonomi monastiki politeia ); Agion Oros* (Mount Athos), Anatoliki Makedonia kai Thraki (East Macedonia and Thrace), Attiki (Attica), Dytiki Ellada (West Greece), Dytiki Makedonia (West Macedonia), Ionia Nisia (Ionian Islands), Ipeiros (Epirus), Kentriki Makedonia (Central Macedonia), Kriti (Crete), Notio Aigaio (South Aegean), Peloponnisos (Peloponnese), Sterea Ellada (Central Greece), Thessalia (Thessaly), Voreio Aigaio (North Aegean)", "display": "13 regions ( perifereies , singular - perifereia ) and 1 autonomous monastic state* ( aftonomi monastiki politeia ); Agion Oros* (Mount Athos), Anatoliki Makedonia kai Thraki (Eas…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "Australia Group, BIS, BSEC, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, 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unemployment but low labor productivity and skill shortages", "display": "high-income EU and eurozone economy; growth above euro average, supported by private consumption and EU fund investments; structural reforms strengthening public finances and enha…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$392.205 billion (2024 est.) | $383.493 billion (2023 est.) | $374.753 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$392.205 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 392.205, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$37,800 (2024 est.) | $36,900 (2023 est.) | $35,900 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$37,800 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 37800.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.3% (2024 est.) | 2.3% (2023 est.) | 5.7% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "2.3% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.7% (2024 est.) | 3.5% (2023 est.) | 9.6% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "2.7% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.027000000000000003, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "10.2% (2024 est.) | 11.1% (2023 est.) | 12.5% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "10.2% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.102, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "tourism, food and tobacco processing, textiles, chemicals, metal products; mining, petroleum", "display": "tourism, food and tobacco processing, textiles, chemicals, metal products; mining, petroleum", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "maize, wheat, sheep milk, oranges, tomatoes, milk, peaches/nectarines, grapes, watermelons, barley (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "maize, wheat, sheep milk, oranges, tomatoes, milk, peaches/nectarines, grapes, watermelons, barley (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, packaged medicine, aluminum, olive oil, tobacco (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, packaged medicine, aluminum, olive oil, tobacco (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "crude petroleum, refined petroleum, natural gas, cars, packaged medicine (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "crude petroleum, refined petroleum, natural gas, cars, packaged medicine (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 85% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 85% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.85, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 4.48 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 44 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 4.48 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 4480000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 48.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 17.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 23.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 9.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 0.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 48.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "92.693 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "92.693 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "82 (2025)", "display": "82 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 57 (2024) | large: 1 | medium: 7 | small: 7 | very small: 42 | ports with oil terminals: 13 | key ports: Alexandroupoli, Iraklion, Kerkira, Ormos Aliveriou, Piraievs, Soudha, Thessaloniki, Volos", "display": "total ports: 57 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 2,345 km (2020) 731 km electrified", "display": "total: 2,345 km (2020) 731 km electrified", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 1,215 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 132, container ship 4, general cargo 79, oil tanker 299, other 701", "display": "total: 1,215 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "air pollution; air emissions from transport and electricity power stations; water pollution; degradation of coastal zones; loss of biodiversity; municipal and industrial waste disposal", "display": "air pollution; air emissions from transport and electricity power stations; water pollution; degradation of coastal zones; loss of biodiversity; municipal and industrial waste dis…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "62.06 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 10.794 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 44.649 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 6.617 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "62.06 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "68 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "68 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 1.687 billion cubic meters (2022) | industrial: 279.8 million cubic meters (2022) | agricultural: 8.107 billion cubic meters (2022)", "display": "municipal: 1.687 billion cubic meters (2022)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds", "display": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiver…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/greece.json" }, { "entity_id": "greenland", "name": "Greenland", "source_code": "GL", "source_entity_class": "dependency-or-territory", "source_region": "Arctic Region", "roadmap_country": null, "coverage_region": null, "roadmap_status": "additional", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 109, "published_fact_count": 44, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 57751.0, "area_sq_km": 2166086.0, "capital": "Nuuk", "government_type": "parliamentary democracy (Parliament of Greenland or Inatsisartut)", "life_expectancy_years": 74.5, "urban_population_percent": 87.9, "internet_users_percent": 70.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 71000.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2023, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Greenland, the world's largest island, is about 80% ice capped. The Inuit came to Greenland from North America in a series of migrations that stretched from 2500 BC to the11th century. Vikings reached the island in the 10th century from Iceland; Danish colonization began in the 18th century, and Greenland became part of the Kingdom of Denmark in 1953. It joined the European Community (now the EU) with Denmark in 1973 but withdrew in 1985 over a dispute centered on stringent fishing quotas. Greenland remains a member of the EU's Overseas Countries and Territories Association. The Danish parliament granted Greenland home rule in 1979; the law went into effect the following year. Greenland voted in favor of self-government in 2008 and acquired greater responsibility for internal affairs when the Act on Greenland Self-Government was signed into law in 2009. The Kingdom of Denmark, however, continues to exercise control over several policy areas on behalf of Greenland, including foreign affairs, security, and financial policy, in consultation with Greenland's Self-Rule Government.", "display": "Greenland, the world's largest island, is about 80% ice capped. The Inuit came to Greenland from North America in a series of migrations that stretched from 2500 BC to the11th cen…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1953 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Northern North America, island between the Arctic Ocean and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Canada", "display": "Northern North America, island between the Arctic Ocean and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Canada", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Arctic Region", "display": "Arctic Region", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 2,166,086 sq km | land: 2,166,086 sq km (approximately 1,710,000 sq km ice-covered)", "display": "total : 2,166,086 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 2166086.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "44,087 km", "display": "44,087 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "flat to gradually sloping icecap covers all but a narrow, mountainous, barren, rocky coast", "display": "flat to gradually sloping icecap covers all but a narrow, mountainous, barren, rocky coast", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "arctic to subarctic; cool summers, cold winters", "display": "arctic to subarctic; cool summers, cold winters", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Gunnbjorn Fjeld 3,694 m | lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m | mean elevation: 1,792 m", "display": "highest point: Gunnbjorn Fjeld 3,694 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "continuous permafrost over northern two-thirds of the island", "display": "continuous permafrost over northern two-thirds of the island", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "coal, iron ore, lead, zinc, molybdenum, diamonds, gold, platinum, niobium, tantalite, uranium, fish, seals, whales, hydropower, possible oil and gas", "display": "coal, iron ore, lead, zinc, molybdenum, diamonds, gold, platinum, niobium, tantalite, uranium, fish, seals, whales, hydropower, possible oil and gas", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "settlement concentrated on the southwest shoreline, with limited settlements scattered along the remaining coast; interior is uninhabited", "display": "settlement concentrated on the southwest shoreline, with limited settlements scattered along the remaining coast; interior is uninhabited", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 57,751 (2024 est.) | male: 29,843 | female: 27,908", "display": "total: 57,751 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 57751.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "-0.08% (2025 est.)", "display": "-0.08% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": -0.0008, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 87.9% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.41% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 87.9% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Greenlandic, Danish, English | note: West Greenlandic or Kalaallisut is the official language; Tunumiisut (East Greenlandic) and Inuktun (Polar Inuit Greenlandic) are considered dialects of Kalaallisut and spoken by about 10% of Greenlanders", "display": "Greenlandic, Danish, English", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Evangelical Lutheran, traditional Inuit spiritual beliefs", "display": "Evangelical Lutheran, traditional Inuit spiritual beliefs", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 74.5 years (2024 est.) | male: 71.8 years | female: 77.3 years", "display": "total population: 74.5 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 74.5, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 35.6 years (2025 est.) | male: 35.9 years | female: 34.7 years", "display": "total: 35.6 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "18,000 NUUK (capital) (2018)", "display": "18,000 NUUK (capital) (2018)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: none | conventional short form: Greenland | local long form: none | local short form: Kalaallit Nunaat | etymology: named by Norse navigator Erik THORVALDSSON (Erik the Red) in A.D. 985 to attract settlers to the island; the original Greenlandic name, Kalaallit Nunaat, means \"land of the people\"", "display": "conventional long form: none", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Nuuk | geographic coordinates: 64 11 N, 51 45 W | time difference: UTC-2 (3 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October | time zone note: Greenland has three time zones | etymology: nuuk is the Inuit word for \"cape;\" until 1979, the name was Godthab, from the Danish words meaning \"good hope\"", "display": "name: Nuuk", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1979 }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary democracy (Parliament of Greenland or Inatsisartut)", "display": "parliamentary democracy (Parliament of Greenland or Inatsisartut)", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "Denmark's laws apply in some areas, and Greenland's law for the remainder", "display": "Denmark's laws apply in some areas, and Greenland's law for the remainder", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: previous 1953 (Greenland established as a constituency in the Danish constitution), 1979 (Greenland Home Rule Act); latest 21 June 2009 (Greenland Self-Government Act)", "display": "history: previous 1953 (Greenland established as a constituency in the Danish constitution), 1979 (Greenland Home Rule Act); latest 21 June 2009 (Greenland Self-Government Act)", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1953 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "5 municipalities ( kommuner , singular - kommune ); Avannaata, Kujalleq, Qeqertalik, Qeqqata, Sermersooq | note: Northeast Greenland National Park (Kalaallit Nunaanni Nuna Eqqissisimatitaq) and the Pituffik Space Base (formerly known as Thule Air Base) in northwest Greenland are two unincorporated areas; the national park's 972,000 sq km -- about 46% of the island -- makes it the largest national park in the world and also the most northerly", "display": "5 municipalities ( kommuner , singular - kommune ); Avannaata, Kujalleq, Qeqertalik, Qeqqata, Sermersooq", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "Arctic Council, ICC, NC, NIB, UPU", "display": "Arctic Council, ICC, NC, NIB, UPU", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "high-income, self-governing Danish territorial economy; non-EU member but preferential market access; dependent on Danish financial support; exports led by fishing industry; growing tourism and interest in untapped mineral deposits; relies on hydropower for fuel", "display": "high-income, self-governing Danish territorial economy; non-EU member but preferential market access; dependent on Danish financial support; exports led by fishing industry; growi…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$4.04 billion (2023 est.) | $4.005 billion (2022 est.) | $3.926 billion (2021 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$4.04 billion (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 4.04, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$71,000 (2023 est.) | $70,700 (2022 est.) | $69,300 (2021 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$71,000 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 71000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "0.9% (2023 est.) | 2% (2022 est.) | 1.6% (2021 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "0.9% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "1.2% (2022 est.) | 0% (2021 est.) | 2.1% (2020 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "1.2% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.012, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "fish processing (mainly shrimp and Greenland halibut), anorthosite and ruby mining, handicrafts, hides and skins, small shipyards", "display": "fish processing (mainly shrimp and Greenland halibut), anorthosite and ruby mining, handicrafts, hides and skins, small shipyards", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "sheep, cattle, reindeer, fish, shellfish", "display": "sheep, cattle, reindeer, fish, shellfish", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "fish, shellfish, processed crustaceans, ships, precious stones (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "fish, shellfish, processed crustaceans, ships, precious stones (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, ships, garments, plastic products, furniture (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, ships, garments, plastic products, furniture (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 70% (2017 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 70% (2017 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.7, "estimate_year": 2017 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 18,000 (2022 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 32 (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 18,000 (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 18000.0, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 13.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 85.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 0.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 13.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "25 (2025)", "display": "25 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 23 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 7 | very small: 10 | size unknown: 6 | ports with oil terminals: 5 | key ports: Aasiaat, Illulissat (Jakobshavn), Kusanartoq, Nuuk, Paamuit (Frederikshab), Qeqertarsuaq, Sisimiut", "display": "total ports: 23 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 10 (2023) | by type: other 10", "display": "total: 10 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "changes in sea levels and other disruptions in the Arctic environment", "display": "changes in sea levels and other disruptions in the Arctic environment", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "527,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 12 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 527,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "527,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/greenland.json" }, { "entity_id": "grenada", "name": "Grenada", "source_code": "GD", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Central America and the Caribbean", "roadmap_country": "Grenada", "coverage_region": "Americas", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 125, "published_fact_count": 49, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 114621.0, "area_sq_km": 344.0, "capital": "Saint George's", "government_type": "parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm", "life_expectancy_years": 76.3, "urban_population_percent": 37.1, "internet_users_percent": 74.0, "electricity_access_percent": 94.2, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 17700.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "The indigenous Carib people inhabited Grenada when Christopher COLUMBUS landed on the island in 1498, but it remained uncolonized for more than a century. The French settled Grenada in the 17th century, established sugar estates, and imported large numbers of African slaves. Britain took the island in 1762 and vigorously expanded sugar production. In the 19th century, cacao eventually surpassed sugar as the main export crop; in the 20th century, nutmeg became the leading export. In 1967, Britain gave Grenada autonomy over its internal affairs. Full independence was attained in 1974, making Grenada one of the smallest independent countries in the Western Hemisphere. In 1979, a leftist New Jewel Movement seized power under Maurice BISHOP, ushering in the Grenada Revolution. On 19 October 1983, factions within the revolutionary government overthrew and killed BISHOP and members of his party. Six days later, US forces and those of six other Caribbean nations intervened, quickly capturing the ringleaders and their hundreds of Cuban advisers. Rule of law was restored, and democratic elections were reinstituted the following year and have continued since.", "display": "The indigenous Carib people inhabited Grenada when Christopher COLUMBUS landed on the island in 1498, but it remained uncolonized for more than a century. The French settled Grena…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1967 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and Atlantic Ocean, north of Trinidad and Tobago", "display": "Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and Atlantic Ocean, north of Trinidad and Tobago", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Central America and the Caribbean", "display": "Central America and the Caribbean", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 344 sq km | land: 344 sq km | water: 0 sq km", "display": "total : 344 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 344.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "121 km", "display": "121 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "volcanic in origin with central mountains", "display": "volcanic in origin with central mountains", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical; tempered by northeast trade winds", "display": "tropical; tempered by northeast trade winds", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Mount Saint Catherine 840 m | lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m", "display": "highest point: Mount Saint Catherine 840 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "lies on edge of hurricane belt; hurricane season lasts from June to November | volcanism: Mount Saint Catherine (840 m) is on the island of Grenada; Kick 'em Jenny, an active submarine volcano (seamount) on the Caribbean Sea floor, lies about 8 km (5 mi) north of Grenada; these two volcanoes are at the southern end of the volcanic island arc of the Lesser Antilles that extends to the Dutch dependency of Saba in the north", "display": "lies on edge of hurricane belt; hurricane season lasts from June to November", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "timber, tropical fruit", "display": "timber, tropical fruit", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "approximately one third of the population is found in the capital of St. George's; the island's population is concentrated along the coast", "display": "approximately one third of the population is found in the capital of St. George's; the island's population is concentrated along the coast", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 114,621 (2024 est.) | male: 58,168 | female: 56,453", "display": "total: 114,621 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 114621.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.24% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.24% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0024, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 37.1% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.86% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 37.1% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "English (official), French patois", "display": "English (official), French patois", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Protestant 49.2% (includes Pentecostal 17.2%, Seventh Day Adventist 13.2%, Anglican 8.5%, Baptist 3.2%, Church of God 2.4%, Evangelical 1.9%, Methodist 1.6%, other 1.2%), Roman Catholic 36%, Jehovah's Witness 1.2%, Rastafarian 1.2%, other 5.5%, none 5.7%, unspecified 1.3% (2011 est.)", "display": "Protestant 49.2% (includes Pentecostal 17.2%, Seventh Day Adventist 13.2%, Anglican 8.5%, Baptist 3.2%, Church of God 2.4%, Evangelical 1.9%, Methodist 1.6%, other 1.2%), Roman Ca…", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2011 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 76.3 years (2024 est.) | male: 73.7 years | female: 79.1 years", "display": "total population: 76.3 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 76.3, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 35.9 years (2025 est.) | male: 35.2 years | female: 35.7 years", "display": "total: 35.9 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "39,000 SAINT GEORGE'S (capital) (2018)", "display": "39,000 SAINT GEORGE'S (capital) (2018)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 18 years (2018 est.) | male: 17 years (2018 est.) | female: 18 years (2018 est.)", "display": "total: 18 years (2018 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: none | conventional short form: Grenada | etymology: origin of the name remains obscure; some sources attribute the designation to Spanish influence (most likely named for the Spanish city of Granada); in Spanish granada means \"pomegranate\"", "display": "conventional long form: none", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Saint George's | geographic coordinates: 12 03 N, 61 45 W | time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: originally named Ville de Fort Royal (Fort Royal Town), the name was changed to Saint George's Town in 1764, in honor of the patron saint of England, when the English took over Grenada from the French; the name was 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effective 7 February 1974, suspended 1979 following a revolution but restored in 1983 | amendment process: proposed by either house of Parliament; passage requires two-thirds majority vote by the membership in both houses and assent of the governor general; passage of amendments to constitutional sections, such as personal rights and freedoms, the structure, authorities, and procedures of the branches of government, the delimitation of electoral constituencies, or the procedure for amending the constitution, also requires two-thirds majority approval in a referendum", "display": "history: previous 1967; latest presented 19 December 1973, effective 7 February 1974, suspended 1979 following a revolution but restored in 1983", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1967 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "6 parishes and 1 dependency*; Carriacou and Petite Martinique*, Saint Andrew, Saint David, Saint George, Saint John, Saint Mark, Saint Patrick", "display": "6 parishes and 1 dependency*; Carriacou and Petite Martinique*, Saint Andrew, Saint David, Saint George, Saint John, Saint Mark, Saint Patrick", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACP, ACS, AOSIS, CARIFORUM, CARIBCAN, Caricom, CBI, CDB, CELAC, CSME, ECCU, EPA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, ITUC, LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OECS, OPANAL, OPCW, Petrocaribe, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WTO", "display": "ACP, ACS, AOSIS, CARIFORUM, CARIBCAN, Caricom, CBI, CDB, CELAC, CSME, ECCU, EPA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, 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vegetables, fruits, bananas, plantains, grapefruits, avocados, mangoes/guavas (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "nutmeg/cardamons, fish, wheat flours, frozen fruits and nuts, aqueous paints (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "nutmeg/cardamons, fish, wheat flours, frozen fruits and nuts, aqueous paints (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, cars, poultry, ships, plastic products (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, cars, poultry, ships, plastic products (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 74% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 74% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.74, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 35,000 (2022 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 30 (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 35,000 (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 35000.0, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 94.2% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total 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"Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "2 (2025)", "display": "2 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 1 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 1 | very small: 0 | ports with oil terminals: 1 | key ports: St. George's", "display": "total ports: 1 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 6 (2023) | by type: general cargo 3, other 3", "display": "total: 6 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "deforestation causing habitat and species loss; coastal erosion and contamination; pollution and sedimentation; inadequate solid waste management", "display": "deforestation causing habitat and species loss; coastal erosion and contamination; pollution and sedimentation; inadequate solid waste management", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "348,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 348,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "348,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "200 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "200 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 12 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 0 cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 2.1 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 12 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/grenada.json" }, { "entity_id": "guam", "name": "Guam", "source_code": "GU", "source_entity_class": "dependency-or-territory", "source_region": "Oceania", "roadmap_country": null, "coverage_region": null, "roadmap_status": "additional", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 105, "published_fact_count": 43, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 169532.0, "area_sq_km": 544.0, "capital": "Hagatna (Agana)", "government_type": "unincorporated organized territory of the US with local self-government; republican form of territorial government with separate executive, legislative, and judicial branches", "life_expectancy_years": 78.0, "urban_population_percent": 95.2, "internet_users_percent": 81.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35600.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2016, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Guam was settled by Austronesian people around 1500 B.C. These people became the indigenous Chamorro and were influenced by later migrations, including the Micronesians in the first millennium A.D., and island Southeast Asians around 900. Society was stratified, with higher classes living along the coast and lower classes living inland. Spanish explorer Ferdinand MAGELLAN was the first European to see Guam in 1521, and Spain claimed the island in 1565 because it served as a refueling stop for ships between Mexico and the Philippines. Spain formally colonized Guam in 1668. Spain’s brutal repression of the Chamorro, along with new diseases and intermittent warfare, reduced the indigenous population from more than 100,000 to less than 5,000 by the 1700s. Spain tried to repopulate the island by forcing people from nearby islands to settle on Guam and preventing them from escaping. | Guam became a hub for whalers and traders in the western Pacific in the early 1800s. During the 1898 Spanish-American War, the US Navy occupied Guam and set up a military administration. The US Navy opposed local control of government despite repeated petitions from the Chamorro. Japan invaded Guam in 1941 and instituted a repressive regime. During the US recapture of Guam in 1944, the island’s two largest villages were destroyed. After World War II, political pressure from local Chamorro leaders led to Guam being established as an unincorporated organized US territory in 1950, with US citizenship granted to all Chamorro. In a referendum in 1982, more than 75% of voters chose closer relations with the US over independence, although no change in status was made because of disagreements on the future right of Chamorro self-determination. The US military holds about 29% of Guam’s land and stations several thousand troops on the island. The installations are some of the most strategically important US bases in the Pacific; they also constitute the island’s most important source of income and economic stability.", "display": "Guam was settled by Austronesian people around 1500 B.C. These people became the indigenous Chamorro and were influenced by later migrations, including the Micronesians in the fir…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1941 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Oceania, island in the North Pacific Ocean, about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to the Philippines", "display": "Oceania, island in the North Pacific Ocean, about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to the Philippines", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Oceania", "display": "Oceania", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 544 sq km | land: 544 sq km | water: 0 sq km", "display": "total : 544 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 544.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "125.5 km", "display": "125.5 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "volcanic origin, surrounded by coral reefs; relatively flat coralline limestone plateau (source of most fresh water), with steep coastal cliffs and narrow coastal plains in north, low hills in center, mountains in south", "display": "volcanic origin, surrounded by coral reefs; relatively flat coralline limestone plateau (source of most fresh water), with steep coastal cliffs and narrow coastal plains in north,…", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical marine; generally warm and humid, moderated by northeast trade winds; dry season (January to June), rainy season (July to December); little seasonal temperature variation", "display": "tropical marine; generally warm and humid, moderated by northeast trade winds; dry season (January to June), rainy season (July to December); little seasonal temperature variation", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Mount Lamlam 406 m | lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m", "display": "highest point: Mount Lamlam 406 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "frequent squalls during rainy season; relatively rare but potentially destructive typhoons (June to December)", "display": "frequent squalls during rainy season; relatively rare but potentially destructive typhoons (June to December)", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "aquatic wildlife (supporting tourism), fishing (largely undeveloped)", "display": "aquatic wildlife (supporting tourism), fishing (largely undeveloped)", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "no large cities exist on the island; large villages (municipalities) attract much of the population; the largest of these is Dededo", "display": "no large cities exist on the island; large villages (municipalities) attract much of the population; the largest of these is Dededo", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 169,532 (2024 est.) | male: 87,345 | female: 82,187", "display": "total: 169,532 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 169532.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.08% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.08% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0008, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 95.2% of total population (2022) | rate of urbanization: 0.84% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 95.2% of total population (2022)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "English 43.3%, Filipino 24.9%, Chamorro 16%, other Pacific Island languages 9.4%, Asian languages 6.5% (2020 est.)", "display": "English 43.3%, Filipino 24.9%, Chamorro 16%, other Pacific Island languages 9.4%, Asian languages 6.5% (2020 est.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Christian (predominantly Roman Catholic) 94.2%, folk religions 1.5%, Buddhist 1.1%, other 1.6%, unaffiliated 1.7% (2020 est.)", "display": "Christian (predominantly Roman Catholic) 94.2%, folk religions 1.5%, Buddhist 1.1%, other 1.6%, unaffiliated 1.7% (2020 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 78 years (2024 est.) | male: 75.6 years | female: 80.5 years", "display": "total population: 78 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 78.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 30.5 years (2025 est.) | male: 29.6 years | female: 31.1 years", "display": "total: 30.5 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "147,000 HAGATNA (capital) (2018)", "display": "147,000 HAGATNA (capital) (2018)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: none | conventional short form: Guam | local long form: none | local short form: Guahan | abbreviation: GU | etymology: the native Chamorro name for the island, Guahan (meaning \"we have\"), was changed to Guam in the 1898 Treaty of Paris, when Spain relinquished Guam, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines to the US", "display": "conventional long form: none", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Hagatna (Agana) | geographic coordinates: 13 28 N, 144 44 E | time difference: UTC+10 (15 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: the name Hagatna is derived from the Chamorro word haga , meaning \"life's blood\" and referring to the town's role as the center of government for the island", "display": "name: Hagatna (Agana)", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "unincorporated organized territory of the US with local self-government; 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upper income, tourism-based economy; hard-hit by COVID-19 disruptions; relaunched many industries via vaccination tourism; domestic economy relies on multiple military bases; environmentally fragile economy", "display": "small Pacific island US territorial economy; upper income, tourism-based economy; hard-hit by COVID-19 disruptions; relaunched many industries via vaccination tourism; domestic ec…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$35,600 (2016 est.) | $35,200 (2015 est.) | $34,400 (2014 est.)", "display": "$35,600 (2016 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 35600.0, "estimate_year": 2016 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "5.1% (2022 est.) | 2.1% (2021 est.) | -10.5% (2020 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "5.1% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "5.6% (2024 est.) | 5.4% (2023 est.) | 5.5% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "5.6% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.055999999999999994, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "national defense, tourism, construction, transshipment services, concrete products, printing and publishing, food processing, textiles", "display": "national defense, tourism, construction, transshipment services, concrete products, printing and publishing, food processing, textiles", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "fruits, copra, vegetables; 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reef damage; inadequate sewage treatment; rapid proliferation of the non-native brown tree snake", "display": "freshwater scarcity; reef damage; inadequate sewage treatment; rapid proliferation of the non-native brown tree snake", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "1.819 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 1.819 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "1.819 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/guam.json" }, { "entity_id": "guatemala", "name": "Guatemala", "source_code": "GT", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Central America and the Caribbean", "roadmap_country": "Guatemala", "coverage_region": "Americas", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 149, "published_fact_count": 52, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 18255216.0, "area_sq_km": 108889.0, "capital": "Guatemala City", "government_type": "presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 73.5, "urban_population_percent": 53.1, "internet_users_percent": 56.00000000000001, "electricity_access_percent": 99.1, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 12600.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "The Maya civilization flourished in Guatemala and surrounding regions during the first millennium A.D. After almost three centuries as a Spanish colony, Guatemala won its independence in 1821. During the second half of the 20th century, it experienced a variety of military and civilian governments, as well as a 36-year guerrilla war. In 1996, the government signed a peace agreement formally ending the internal conflict.", "display": "The Maya civilization flourished in Guatemala and surrounding regions during the first millennium A.D. After almost three centuries as a Spanish colony, Guatemala won its independ…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1996 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Central America, bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between El Salvador and Mexico, and bordering the Gulf of Honduras (Caribbean Sea) between Honduras and Belize", "display": "Central America, bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between El Salvador and Mexico, and bordering the Gulf of Honduras (Caribbean Sea) between Honduras and Belize", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Central America and the Caribbean", "display": "Central America and the Caribbean", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 108,889 sq km | land: 107,159 sq km | water: 1,730 sq km", "display": "total : 108,889 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 108889.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "400 km", "display": "400 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "two east-west trending mountain chains divide the country into three regions: the mountainous highlands, the Pacific coast south of mountains, and the vast northern Peten lowlands", "display": "two east-west trending mountain chains divide the country into three regions: the mountainous highlands, the Pacific coast south of mountains, and the vast northern Peten lowlands", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical; hot, humid in lowlands; cooler in highlands", "display": "tropical; hot, humid in lowlands; cooler in highlands", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Volcan Tajumulco (highest point in Central America) 4,220 m | lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m | mean elevation: 759 m", "display": "highest point: Volcan Tajumulco (highest point in Central America) 4,220 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "numerous volcanoes in mountains, with occasional violent earthquakes; Caribbean coast extremely susceptible to hurricanes and other tropical storms | volcanism: significant volcanic activity in the Sierra Madre range; Santa Maria (3,772 m) has been deemed a Decade Volcano by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human populations; 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"infrastructure", "content": "total: 921,000 (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 5 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 921,000 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 921000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 99.1% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 97.7% | electrification - rural areas: 98.2%", "display": "electrification - total population: 99.1% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 25.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 1.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 2.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 42% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | geothermal: 2.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 25.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 25.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "17.096 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "17.096 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "58 (2025)", "display": "58 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 3 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 2 | very small: 1 | ports with oil terminals: 2 | key ports: Puerto Barrios, Puerto Quetzal, Santo Tomas de Castilla", "display": "total ports: 3 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 800 km (2018) | narrow gauge: 800 km (2018) 0.914-m gauge | note: despite the existence of a railway network, all rail service was suspended in 2007 and no passenger or freight train currently runs in the country (2018)", "display": "total: 800 km (2018)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 9 (2023) | by type: oil tanker 1, other 8", "display": "total: 9 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "deforestation in the Peten rainforest; soil erosion; water pollution", "display": "deforestation in the Peten rainforest; soil erosion; water pollution", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "18.546 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 2.31 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 16.232 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 4,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "18.546 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "127.91 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "127.91 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 835 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 603.1 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 1.886 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 835 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangere…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/guatemala.json" }, { "entity_id": "guernsey", "name": "Guernsey", "source_code": "GB", "source_entity_class": "dependency-or-territory", "source_region": "Europe", "roadmap_country": null, 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The islands were the only British soil that Germany occupied in World War II. The Bailiwick of Guernsey consists of the main island of Guernsey and a number of smaller islands, including Alderney, Sark, Herm, Jethou, Brecqhou, and Lihou. The Bailiwick is a self-governing British Crown dependency that is not part of the UK. However, the UK Government is constitutionally responsible for its defense and international representation.", "display": "Guernsey and the other Channel Islands represent the last remnants of the medieval Duchy of Normandy, which held sway in both France and England. The islands were the only British…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Western Europe, islands in the English Channel, northwest of France", "display": "Western Europe, islands in the English Channel, northwest of France", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Europe", "display": "Europe", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 78 sq km | land: 78 sq km | water: 0 sq km | note: includes Alderney, Guernsey, Herm, Sark, and some other smaller islands", "display": "total : 78 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 78.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "50 km", "display": "50 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly flat with low hills in southwest", "display": "mostly flat with low hills in southwest", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "temperate with mild winters and cool summers; about 50% of days are overcast", "display": "temperate with mild winters and cool summers; about 50% of days are overcast", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Le Moulin on Sark 114 m | lowest point: English Channel 0 m", "display": "highest point: Le Moulin on Sark 114 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "very large tidal variation and fast currents can make local waters dangerous", "display": "very large tidal variation and fast currents can make local waters dangerous", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "cropland", "display": "cropland", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 67,923 (2025 est.) | male: 33,760 | female: 34,163", "display": "total: 67,923 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 67923.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.19% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.19% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0019, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 31.2% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.68% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) | note: data include Guernsey and Jersey", "display": "urban population: 31.2% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "English, French, Norman-French dialect spoken in country districts", "display": "English, French, Norman-French dialect spoken in country districts", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Protestant (Anglican, Presbyterian, Baptist, Congregational, Methodist), Roman Catholic", "display": "Protestant (Anglican, Presbyterian, Baptist, Congregational, Methodist), Roman Catholic", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 83.6 years (2024 est.) | male: 80.9 years | female: 86.4 years", "display": "total population: 83.6 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 83.6, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 45.1 years (2025 est.) | male: 43.8 years | female: 46.2 years", "display": "total: 45.1 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "16,000 SAINT PETER PORT (capital) (2018)", "display": "16,000 SAINT PETER PORT (capital) (2018)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Bailiwick of Guernsey | conventional short form: Guernsey | former: Norman Isles | etymology: the name is of Old Norse origin; the meaning of the root \"Guern(s)\" is unclear but may refer to a person's name, Grani, or to the color green; the \"-ey\" ending means \"island\"", "display": "conventional long form: Bailiwick of Guernsey", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Saint Peter Port | geographic coordinates: 49 27 N, 2 32 W | time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October | etymology: named for the patron saint of fishermen; \"port\" distinguishes it from the Saint Peter (sometimes called Saint Peter in the Wood) on the other side of the island", "display": "name: Saint Peter Port", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary democracy (States of Deliberation)", "display": "parliamentary democracy (States of Deliberation)", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "customary system based on Norman customary law; includes elements of the French civil code and English common law", "display": "customary system based on Norman customary law; includes elements of the French civil code and English common law", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: unwritten; includes royal charters, statutes, and common law and practice | amendment process: new laws or changes to existing laws are initiated by the States of Deliberation; passage requires majority vote", "display": "history: unwritten; includes royal charters, statutes, and common law and practice", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US government, but 10 parishes: Castel, Forest, Saint Andrew, Saint Martin, Saint Peter Port, Saint Pierre du Bois, Saint Sampson, Saint Saviour, Torteval, Vale | note: two additional parishes for Guernsey are sometimes listed -- Saint Anne on the island of Alderney and Saint Peter on the island of Sark", "display": "no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US government, but 10 parishes: Castel, Forest, Saint Andrew, Saint Martin, Saint Peter Port, Saint Pierre du Bois, Saint…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "UPU", "display": "UPU", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "high-income English Channel island economy; strong financial sector but stressed due to COVID-19 disruptions; manufacturing, tourism, and construction industries suffered but expected to recover; stable inflation; maintains independent taxation authority", "display": "high-income English Channel island economy; strong financial sector but stressed due to COVID-19 disruptions; manufacturing, tourism, and construction industries suffered but expe…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3.7% (2023 est.) | 5.3% (2022 est.) | 9.9% (2021 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency; entry includes Jersey and Guernsey", "display": "3.7% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "6.3% (2024 est.) | 6.2% (2023 est.) | 6.2% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment; entry includes Jersey and Guernsey", "display": "6.3% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.063, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "tourism, banking", "display": "tourism, banking", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "tomatoes, greenhouse flowers, sweet peppers, eggplant, fruit; Guernsey cattle", "display": "tomatoes, greenhouse flowers, sweet peppers, eggplant, fruit; Guernsey cattle", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "aircraft, photo lab equipment, clocks, ships, paintings (2022) | top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "aircraft, photo lab equipment, clocks, ships, paintings (2022)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "ships, aircraft, refined petroleum, mineral manufactures, beverages (2022)", "display": "ships, aircraft, refined petroleum, mineral manufactures, beverages (2022)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 86.6% (2021 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 86.6% (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.866, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 25,336 (2020 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 40 (2020 est.)", "display": "total: 25,336 (2020 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 25336.0, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.) | note: includes Guernsey and Jersey", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "2 (2025)", "display": "2 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 3 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 1 | very small: 2 | ports with oil terminals: 2 | key ports: Alderney Harbour, Saint Peter Port, Saint Sampson", "display": "total ports: 3 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "coastal erosion, coastal flooding; declining biodiversity", "display": "coastal erosion, coastal flooding; declining biodiversity", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/guernsey.json" }, { "entity_id": "guinea", "name": "Guinea", "source_code": "GN", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Africa", "roadmap_country": "Guinea", "coverage_region": "Africa", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 142, "published_fact_count": 52, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 14374590.0, "area_sq_km": 245857.0, "capital": "Conakry", "government_type": "presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 64.6, "urban_population_percent": 38.1, "internet_users_percent": 27.0, "electricity_access_percent": 47.7, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 4000.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Guinea's deep Muslim heritage arrived via the neighboring Almoravid Empire in the 11th century. Following Almoravid decline, Guinea existed on the fringe of several African kingdoms, all competing for regional dominance. In the 13th century, the Mali Empire took control of Guinea and encouraged its already growing Muslim faith. After the fall of the West African empires, various smaller kingdoms controlled Guinea. In the 18th century, Fulani Muslims established an Islamic state in central Guinea that provided one of the earliest examples of a written constitution and alternating leadership. European traders first arrived in the 16th century, and the French secured colonial rule in the 19th century. | In 1958, Guinea achieved independence from France. Sekou TOURE became Guinea’s first post-independence president; he established a dictatorial regime and ruled until his death in 1984, after which General Lansana CONTE staged a coup and seized the government. He too established an authoritarian regime and manipulated presidential elections until his death in 2008, when Captain Moussa Dadis CAMARA led a military coup, seized power, and suspended the constitution. In 2009, CAMARA was wounded in an assassination attempt and was exiled to Burkina Faso. In 2010 and 2013 respectively, the country held its first free and fair presidential and legislative elections. Alpha CONDE won the 2010 and 2015 presidential elections, and his first cabinet was the first all-civilian government in Guinean history. CONDE won a third term in 2020 after a constitutional change to term limits. In 2021, Col Mamady DOUMBOUYA led another successful military coup, establishing the National Committee for Reconciliation and Development (CNRD), suspending the constitution, and dissolving the government and the legislature. DOUMBOUYA was sworn in as transition president and appointed Mohamed BEAVOGUI as transition prime minister. The National Transition Council (CNT), which acts as the legislative body for the transition, was formed in 2022 and consists of appointed members representing a broad swath of Guinean society.", "display": "Guinea's deep Muslim heritage arrived via the neighboring Almoravid Empire in the 11th century. Following Almoravid decline, Guinea existed on the fringe of several African kingdo…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1958 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea-Bissau and Sierra Leone", "display": "Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea-Bissau and Sierra Leone", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Africa", "display": "Africa", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 245,857 sq km | land: 245,717 sq km | water: 140 sq km", "display": "total : 245,857 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 245857.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "320 km", "display": "320 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "generally flat coastal plain, hilly to mountainous interior", "display": "generally flat coastal plain, hilly to mountainous interior", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type rainy season (June to November) with southwesterly winds; dry season (December to May) with northeasterly harmattan winds", "display": "generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type rainy season (June to November) with southwesterly winds; dry season (December to May) with northeasterly harmattan winds", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Mont Nimba 1,752 m | lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m | mean elevation: 472 m", "display": "highest point: Mont Nimba 1,752 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "hot, dry, dusty harmattan haze may reduce visibility during dry season", "display": "hot, dry, dusty harmattan haze may reduce visibility during dry season", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "bauxite, iron ore, diamonds, gold, uranium, hydropower, fish, salt", "display": "bauxite, iron ore, diamonds, gold, uranium, hydropower, fish, salt", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "areas of highest density are in the west and south; interior is sparsely populated, as shown in this population distribution map", "display": "areas of highest density are in the west and south; interior is sparsely populated, as shown in this population distribution map", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 14,374,590 (2025 est.) | male: 7,179,661 | female: 7,194,929", "display": "total: 14,374,590 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 14374590.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "2.74% (2025 est.)", "display": "2.74% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0274, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 38.1% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 3.64% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 38.1% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "French (official), Pular, Maninka, Susu, other native languages | note: about 40 languages are spoken; each ethnic group has its own language", "display": "French (official), Pular, Maninka, Susu, other native languages", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Muslim 85.2%, Christian 13.4%, animist 0.2%, none 1.2% (2018 est.)", "display": "Muslim 85.2%, Christian 13.4%, animist 0.2%, none 1.2% (2018 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 64.6 years (2024 est.) | male: 62.7 years | female: 66.6 years", "display": "total population: 64.6 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 64.6, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 19.5 years (2025 est.) | male: 19.2 years | female: 19.6 years", "display": "total: 19.5 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "2.111 million CONAKRY (capital) (2023)", "display": "2.111 million CONAKRY (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 39.6% (2018 est.) | male: 54.4% (2018 est.) | female: 27.7% (2018 est.)", "display": "total population: 39.6% (2018 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 9 years (2021 est.) | male: 9 years (2021 est.) | female: 8 years (2021 est.)", "display": "total: 9 years (2021 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Guinea | conventional short form: Guinea | local long form: République de Guinée | local short form: Guinée | former: French Guinea | etymology: the country is named after the Guinea region of West Africa that lies along the Gulf of Guinea, but the name itself derives from the Tuareg word aginaw , meaning \"black people\"", "display": "conventional long form: Republic of Guinea", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Conakry | geographic coordinates: 9 30 N, 13 42 W | time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: the name derives from konakri , a Susu word meaning \"over the water\" and referring to the city's location on a peninsula; it was originally the name of a local village", "display": "name: Conakry", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "presidential republic", "display": "presidential republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law system based on the French model", "display": "civil law system based on the French model", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: previous 1958, 1990; 2010 and a referendum in 2020, which was suspended on 5 September 2021 via a coup d'état; on 27 September, the Transitional Charter was released, which supersedes the constitution until a new constitution is promulgated", "display": "history: previous 1958, 1990; 2010 and a referendum in 2020, which was suspended on 5 September 2021 via a coup d'état; on 27 September, the Transitional Charter was released, whi…", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1958 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "7 administrative regions ( régions administratives , singular - région administrative ) and 1 governorate ( gouvenorat )*; Boke, Conakry*, Faranah, Kankan, Kindia, Labe, Mamou, N'Zerekore", "display": "7 administrative regions ( régions administratives , singular - région administrative ) and 1 governorate ( gouvenorat )*; Boke, Conakry*, Faranah, Kankan, Kindia, Labe, Mamou, N'…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACP, AfDB, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ACP, AfDB, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (N…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "growing but primarily agrarian West African economy; major mining sector; improving fiscal and debt balances prior to COVID-19; economy increasingly vulnerable to climate change; slow infrastructure improvements; gender wealth and human capital gaps", "display": "growing but primarily agrarian West African economy; major mining sector; improving fiscal and debt balances prior to COVID-19; economy increasingly vulnerable to climate change;…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$59.439 billion (2024 est.) | $56.251 billion (2023 est.) | $53.297 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$59.439 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 59.439, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$4,000 (2024 est.) | $3,900 (2023 est.) | $3,800 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$4,000 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 4000.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "5.7% (2024 est.) | 5.5% (2023 est.) | 4% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "5.7% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "8.1% (2024 est.) | 7.8% (2023 est.) | 10.5% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "8.1% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.081, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "5.3% (2024 est.) | 5.3% (2023 est.) | 5.3% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "5.3% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.053, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "bauxite, gold, diamonds, iron ore; 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inadequate potable water; desertification; soil contamination and erosion; overfishing, overpopulation in forest region; poor mining practices; water pollution; improper waste disposal", "display": "deforestation; inadequate potable water; desertification; soil contamination and erosion; overfishing, overpopulation in forest region; poor mining practices; water pollution; imp…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "4.505 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 1,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 4.504 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "4.505 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "226 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "226 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 230 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 60 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 600 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 230 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardo…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/guinea.json" }, { "entity_id": "guinea-bissau", "name": "Guinea-Bissau", "source_code": "GW", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Africa", "roadmap_country": "Guinea-Bissau", "coverage_region": "Africa", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 138, "published_fact_count": 50, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 2132325.0, "area_sq_km": 36125.0, "capital": "Bissau", "government_type": "semi-presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 64.5, "urban_population_percent": 45.5, "internet_users_percent": 33.0, "electricity_access_percent": 37.4, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 2700.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "For much of its history, Guinea-Bissau was under the control of the Mali Empire and the Kaabu Kingdom. In the 16th century, Portugal began establishing trading posts along Guinea-Bissau’s shoreline. Initially, the Portuguese were restricted to the coastline and islands. However, the slave and gold trades were lucrative to local African leaders, and the Portuguese were slowly able to expand their power and influence inland. Starting in the 18th century, the Mali Empire and Kingdom of Kaabu slowly disintegrated into smaller local entities. By the 19th century, Portugal had fully incorporated Guinea-Bissau into its empire. | Since gaining independence in 1974, Guinea-Bissau has experienced considerable political and military upheaval. In 1980, a military coup established General Joao Bernardo 'Nino' VIEIRA as president. VIEIRA's regime suppressed political opposition and purged political rivals. Several coup attempts through the 1980s and early 1990s failed to unseat him, but a military mutiny and civil war in 1999 led to VIEIRA's ouster. In 2000, a transitional government turned over power to opposition leader Kumba YALA. In 2003, a bloodless military coup overthrew YALA and installed businessman Henrique ROSA as interim president. In 2005, VIEIRA was reelected, pledging to pursue economic development and national reconciliation; he was assassinated in 2009. Malam Bacai SANHA was then elected president, but he passed away in 2012 from a long-term illness. A military coup blocked the second round of the election to replace him, but after mediation from the Economic Community of Western African States, a civilian transitional government assumed power. In 2014, Jose Mario VAZ was elected president in a free and fair election, and in 2019, he became the first president in Guinea-Bissau’s history to complete a full term. Umaro Sissoco EMBALO was elected president in 2019, but he did not take office until 2020 because of a prolonged challenge to the election results.", "display": "For much of its history, Guinea-Bissau was under the control of the Mali Empire and the Kaabu Kingdom. In the 16th century, Portugal began establishing trading posts along Guinea-…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1974 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea and Senegal", "display": "Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea and Senegal", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Africa", "display": "Africa", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 36,125 sq km | land: 28,120 sq km | water: 8,005 sq km", "display": "total : 36,125 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 36125.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "350 km", "display": "350 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly low-lying coastal plain with a deeply indented estuarine coastline rising to savanna in east; numerous off-shore islands including the Arquipelago Dos Bijagos consisting of 18 main islands and many small islets", "display": "mostly low-lying coastal plain with a deeply indented estuarine coastline rising to savanna in east; numerous off-shore islands including the Arquipelago Dos Bijagos consisting of…", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical; generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type rainy season (June to November) with southwesterly winds; dry season (December to May) with northeasterly harmattan winds", "display": "tropical; generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type rainy season (June to November) with southwesterly winds; dry season (December to May) with northeasterly harmattan winds", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Dongol Ronde 277 m | lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m | mean elevation: 70 m", "display": "highest point: Dongol Ronde 277 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "hot, dry, dusty harmattan haze may reduce visibility during dry season; brush fires", "display": "hot, dry, dusty harmattan haze may reduce visibility during dry season; brush fires", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "fish, timber, phosphates, bauxite, clay, granite, limestone, unexploited deposits of petroleum", "display": "fish, timber, phosphates, bauxite, clay, granite, limestone, unexploited deposits of petroleum", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "approximately one fifth of the population lives in the capital city of Bissau along the Atlantic coast; the remainder is distributed among the eight mainly rural regions, as shown in this population distribution map", "display": "approximately one fifth of the population lives in the capital city of Bissau along the Atlantic coast; the remainder is distributed among the eight mainly rural regions, as shown…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 2,132,325 (2024 est.) | male: 1,042,910 | female: 1,089,415", "display": "total: 2,132,325 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 2132325.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "2.55% (2025 est.)", "display": "2.55% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0255, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 45.5% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 3.22% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 45.5% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Portuguese-based Creole, Portuguese (official; largely used as a second or third language), Pular (a Fula language), Mandingo", "display": "Portuguese-based Creole, Portuguese (official; largely used as a second or third language), Pular (a Fula language), Mandingo", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Muslim 46.1%, folk religions 30.6%, Christian 18.9%, other or unaffiliated 4.4% (2020 est.)", "display": "Muslim 46.1%, folk religions 30.6%, Christian 18.9%, other or unaffiliated 4.4% (2020 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 64.5 years (2024 est.) | male: 62.2 years | female: 66.8 years", "display": "total population: 64.5 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 64.5, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 18.5 years (2025 est.) | male: 17.8 years | female: 18.9 years", "display": "total: 18.5 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "664,000 BISSAU (capital) (2023)", "display": "664,000 BISSAU (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 63.9% (2022 est.) | male: 77.3% (2022 est.) | female: 52.2% (2022 est.)", "display": "total population: 63.9% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Guinea-Bissau | conventional short form: Guinea-Bissau | local long form: Republica da Guine-Bissau | local short form: Guine-Bissau | former: Portuguese Guinea | etymology: the country is partly named after the Guinea region of West Africa that lies along the Gulf of Guinea; the name itself is derived from the Tuareg word aginaw , meaning \"black people;\" Bissau, the name of the capital city, distinguishes the country from neighboring Guinea and is derived from the local Bijuga people", "display": "conventional long form: Republic of Guinea-Bissau", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Bissau | geographic coordinates: 11 51 N, 15 35 W | time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: the name is derived from the local Bijuga people and is used to distinguish the country from neighboring Guinea", "display": "name: Bissau", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "semi-presidential republic", "display": "semi-presidential republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "mixed system of civil law, which incorporated Portuguese law at independence; influenced by Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA), African Francophone Public Law, and customary law", "display": "mixed system of civil law, which incorporated Portuguese law at independence; influenced by Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), West African Economic and Monetary…", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: promulgated 16 May 1984 | amendment process: proposed by the National People’s Assembly if supported by at least one third of its members, by the Council of State (a presidential consultant body), or by the government; passage requires approval by at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly; constitutional articles on the republican and secular form of government and national sovereignty cannot be amended", "display": "history: promulgated 16 May 1984", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1984 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "9 regions ( regioes , singular - regiao ); Bafata, Biombo, Bissau, Bolama/Bijagos, Cacheu, Gabu, Oio, Quinara, Tombali", "display": "9 regions ( regioes , singular - regiao ); Bafata, Biombo, Bissau, Bolama/Bijagos, Cacheu, Gabu, Oio, Quinara, Tombali", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACP, AfDB, AOSIS, AU, CPLP, ECOWAS, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, NAM, OIC, OIF, 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based on constant local currency", "display": "4.8% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3.8% (2024 est.) | 7.1% (2023 est.) | 9.4% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "3.8% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.038, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.7% (2024 est.) | 2.7% (2023 est.) | 2.7% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "2.7% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.027000000000000003, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "agricultural products 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dollars", "display": "coconuts/brazil nuts/cashews, fish, fish oil, processed crustaceans, malt extract (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, iron bars, rice, plastics, flavored water (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, iron bars, rice, plastics, flavored water (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 33% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 33% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.33, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 7,000 (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2023 est.) less than 1", "display": "total: 7,000 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 7000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 37.4% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 61% | electrification - rural areas: 15.8%", "display": "electrification - total population: 37.4% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 96.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 3.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 96.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "2.351 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "2.351 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "7 (2025)", "display": "7 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 2 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 0 | very small: 2 | ports with oil terminals: 1 | key ports: Bissau, Rio Cacheu", "display": "total ports: 2 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 20 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 3, general cargo 12, other 5", "display": "total: 20 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "deforestation (overharvesting of trees for timber and agricultural purposes); soil erosion; overgrazing; overfishing", "display": "deforestation (overharvesting of trees for timber and agricultural purposes); soil erosion; overgrazing; overfishing", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "366,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 1 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 366,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "366,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "31.4 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "31.4 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 34.1 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 11.9 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 144 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 34.1 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardo…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/guinea-bissau.json" }, { "entity_id": "guyana", "name": "Guyana", "source_code": "GY", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "South America", "roadmap_country": "Guyana", "coverage_region": "Americas", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 137, "published_fact_count": 50, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 794099.0, "area_sq_km": 214969.0, "capital": "Georgetown", "government_type": "parliamentary republic", "life_expectancy_years": 72.4, "urban_population_percent": 27.2, "internet_users_percent": 82.0, "electricity_access_percent": 93.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 70300.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Originally a Dutch colony in the 17th century, by 1815 Guyana had become a British possession. The abolition of slavery led to former slaves settling urban areas and indentured servants being imported from India to work the sugar plantations. The resulting ethnocultural divide has persisted and has led to turbulent politics. Guyana achieved independence from the UK in 1966, and since then primarily socialist-oriented governments have ruled the country. | In 1992, Cheddi JAGAN was elected president in what is considered the country's first free and fair election since independence. After his death five years later, his wife, Janet JAGAN, became president but resigned in 1999 due to poor health. Her successor, Bharrat JAGDEO, was elected in 2001 and again in 2006. Donald RAMOTAR won in 2011, but early elections held in 2015 resulted in the first change in governing party, and David GRANGER took office. After a 2018 no-confidence vote against the GRANGER government, the administration ignored a constitutional requirement to hold elections and remained in place until the 2020 elections, when Irfaan ALI became president. | The discovery of massive offshore oil reserves in 2015 has been Guyana's primary economic and political focus, with many hoping the reserves will transform one of the poorest countries in the region. Guyana is the only English-speaking country in South America and shares cultural and historical bonds with the Anglophone Caribbean.", "display": "Originally a Dutch colony in the 17th century, by 1815 Guyana had become a British possession. The abolition of slavery led to former slaves settling urban areas and indentured se…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1966 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Northern South America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Suriname and Venezuela", "display": "Northern South America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Suriname and Venezuela", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "South America", "display": "South America", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 214,969 sq km | land: 196,849 sq km | water: 18,120 sq km", "display": "total : 214,969 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 214969.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "459 km", "display": "459 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly rolling highlands; low coastal plain; savanna in south", "display": "mostly rolling highlands; low coastal plain; savanna in south", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical; hot, humid, moderated by northeast trade winds; two rainy seasons (May to August, November to January)", "display": "tropical; hot, humid, moderated by northeast trade winds; two rainy seasons (May to August, November to January)", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Laberintos del Norte on Mount Roraima 2,775 m | lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m | mean elevation: 207 m", "display": "highest point: Laberintos del Norte on Mount Roraima 2,775 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "flash flood threat during rainy seasons", "display": "flash flood threat during rainy seasons", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "bauxite, gold, diamonds, hardwood timber, shrimp, fish", "display": "bauxite, gold, diamonds, hardwood timber, shrimp, fish", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "population is heavily concentrated in the northeast in and around Georgetown, with notable concentrations along the Berbice River to the east; the remainder of the country is sparsely populated", "display": "population is heavily concentrated in the northeast in and around Georgetown, with notable concentrations along the Berbice River to the east; the remainder of the country is spar…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 794,099 (2024 est.) | male: 405,244 | female: 388,855", "display": "total: 794,099 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 794099.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.35% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.35% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0034999999999999996, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 27.2% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 1.01% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 27.2% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "English (official), Guyanese Creole, Amerindian languages (including Caribbean and Arawak languages), Indian languages (including Caribbean Hindustani, a dialect of Hindi), Chinese (2014 est.)", "display": "English (official), Guyanese Creole, Amerindian languages (including Caribbean and Arawak languages), Indian languages (including Caribbean Hindustani, a dialect of Hindi), Chines…", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2014 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Protestant 34.8% (Pentecostal 22.8%, Seventh Day Adventist 5.4%, Anglican 5.2%, Methodist 1.4%), Hindu 24.8%, other Christian 20.8%, Roman Catholic 7.1%, Muslim 6.8%, Jehovah's Witness 1.3%, Rastafarian 0.5%, other 0.9%, none 3.1% (2012 est.)", "display": "Protestant 34.8% (Pentecostal 22.8%, Seventh Day Adventist 5.4%, Anglican 5.2%, Methodist 1.4%), Hindu 24.8%, other Christian 20.8%, Roman Catholic 7.1%, Muslim 6.8%, Jehovah's Wi…", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2012 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 72.4 years (2024 est.) | male: 70.6 years | female: 74.3 years", "display": "total population: 72.4 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 72.4, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 28.7 years (2025 est.) | male: 28.2 years | female: 28.4 years", "display": "total: 28.7 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "110,000 GEORGETOWN (capital) (2018)", "display": "110,000 GEORGETOWN (capital) (2018)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 85.6% (2020 est.) | male: 84.2% (2020 est.) | female: 86.9% (2020 est.)", "display": "total population: 85.6% (2020 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Cooperative Republic of Guyana | conventional short form: Guyana | former: British Guiana | etymology: the name is derived from Guiana, the original name for the region that included British Guiana, Dutch Guiana, and French Guiana; the name Guiana may be derived from a local term meaning \"Land of Water\" (referring to the area's multitude of rivers and streams)", "display": "conventional long form: Cooperative Republic of Guyana", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Georgetown | geographic coordinates: 6 48 N, 58 09 W | 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"Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: several previous; latest promulgated 6 October 1980 | amendment process: proposed by the National Assembly; passage of amendments affecting constitutional articles, such as national sovereignty, government structure and powers, and constitutional amendment procedures, requires approval by the Assembly membership, approval in a referendum, and assent of the president; other amendments only require Assembly approval", "display": "history: several previous; latest promulgated 6 October 1980", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1980 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "10 regions; Barima-Waini, Cuyuni-Mazaruni, Demerara-Mahaica, East Berbice-Corentyne, Essequibo Islands-West Demerara, Mahaica-Berbice, Pomeroon-Supenaam, Potaro-Siparuni, Upper 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"lens": "economy", "content": "rice, sugarcane, plantains, cassava, papayas, pumpkins/squash, chicken, milk, ginger, eggplants (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "rice, sugarcane, plantains, cassava, papayas, pumpkins/squash, chicken, milk, ginger, eggplants (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "crude petroleum, railway cargo containers, gold, ships, rice (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "crude petroleum, railway cargo containers, gold, ships, rice (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, ships, construction vehicles, excavation machinery, cars (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, ships, construction vehicles, excavation machinery, cars (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 82% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 82% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.82, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 106,000 (2022 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 13 (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 106,000 (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 106000.0, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 93% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 98% | electrification - rural areas: 91.6%", "display": "electrification - total population: 93% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 92.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 1.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 0.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 5.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 92.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "46.045 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "46.045 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "55 (2025)", "display": "55 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 3 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 1 | small: 0 | very small: 2 | ports with oil terminals: 3 | key ports: Georgetown, Linden, New Amsterdam", "display": "total ports: 3 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 80 (2023) | by type: general cargo 45, oil tanker 10, other 25", "display": "total: 80 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "water pollution from sewage and agricultural/industrial chemicals; deforestation", "display": "water pollution from sewage and agricultural/industrial chemicals; deforestation", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "2.639 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 2.635 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 4,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "2.639 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "271 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "271 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 61.3 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 20.4 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 1.363 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 61.3 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006 | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardo…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/guyana.json" }, { "entity_id": "haiti", "name": "Haiti", "source_code": "HT", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Central America and the Caribbean", "roadmap_country": "Haiti", "coverage_region": "Americas", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 142, "published_fact_count": 50, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 11898812.0, "area_sq_km": 27750.0, "capital": "Port-au-Prince", "government_type": "semi-presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 65.6, "urban_population_percent": 59.7, "internet_users_percent": 39.0, "electricity_access_percent": 49.3, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 2800.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "The native Taino -- who inhabited the island of Hispaniola when Christopher COLUMBUS first landed in 1492 -- were virtually wiped out by Spanish settlers within 25 years. In the early 17th century, the French established a presence on Hispaniola. In 1697, Spain ceded to the French the western third of the island, which later became Haiti. The French colony, based on forestry and sugar-related industries, became one of the wealthiest in the Caribbean but relied heavily on the forced labor of enslaved Africans and environmentally degrading practices. In the late 18th century, Toussaint L'OUVERTURE led a revolution of Haiti's nearly half a million slaves that ended France's rule on the island. After a prolonged struggle, and under the leadership of Jean-Jacques DESSALINES, Haiti became the first country in the world led by former slaves after declaring its independence in 1804, but it was forced to pay an indemnity of 100 million francs (equivalent to $22 billion USD in March 2023) to France for more than a century and was shunned by other countries for nearly 40 years. In 1862, the US officially recognized Haiti, but foreign economic influence and internal political instability induced the US to occupy Haiti from 1915 to 1934. | Francois \"Papa Doc\" DUVALIER and then his son Jean-Claude \"Baby Doc\" DUVALIER led repressive and corrupt regimes that ruled Haiti in 1957-1971 and 1971-1986, respectively. Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE was Haiti's first democratically elected president in 1991 and was elected a second time in 2000, but coups interrupted his first term after only a few months and ended his second term in 2004. President Jovenel MOÏSE was assassinated in 2021, leading the country further into an extra-constitutional governance structure and contributing to the country’s growing fragility. The Government of Haiti then installed Ariel HENRY -- whom President MOÏSE had nominated shortly before his death -- as prime minister. | On 29 February 2024, a significant escalation of gang violence occurred on the 20 th anniversary of ARISTIDE's second overthrow, after the announcement that HENRY would not hold elections until August 2025. HENRY’s return from an overseas trip was diverted to Puerto Rico when the airport closed due to gang violence. With control of much of the capital, Port-au-Prince, gang leaders called for the ouster of HENRY’S government. By mid-March, Haiti’s continued violence, HENRY’S inability to return to the country, and increasing pressure from the international community led HENRY to pledge to resign. On 25 April 2024, HENRY formally submitted his resignation as a nine-member Transitional Presidential Council assumed control, tasked with returning stability to the country and preparing elections. Since January 2023, Haiti has had no sitting elected officials. | The country has long been plagued by natural disasters. In 2010, a major 7.0 magnitude earthquake struck Haiti with an epicenter about 25 km (15 mi) west of the capital, Port-au-Prince. An estimated 300,000 people were killed, and some 1.5 million left homeless. The earthquake was assessed as the worst in this region in 200 years. A 7.2 magnitude earthquake hit Haiti’s southern peninsula in 2021, causing well over 2,000 deaths; an estimated 500,000 required emergency humanitarian aid. Haiti is the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere, as well as one of the most unequal in wealth distribution.", "display": "The native Taino -- who inhabited the island of Hispaniola when Christopher COLUMBUS first landed in 1492 -- were virtually wiped out by Spanish settlers within 25 years. In the e…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Caribbean, western one-third of the island of Hispaniola, between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, west of the Dominican Republic", "display": "Caribbean, western one-third of the island of Hispaniola, between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, west of the Dominican Republic", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Central America and the Caribbean", "display": "Central America and the Caribbean", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 27,750 sq km | land: 27,560 sq km | water: 190 sq km", "display": "total : 27,750 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 27750.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "1,771 km", "display": "1,771 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly rough and mountainous", "display": "mostly rough and mountainous", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical; semiarid where mountains in east cut off trade winds", "display": "tropical; semiarid where mountains in east cut off trade winds", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Pic la Selle 2,674 m | lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m | mean elevation: 470 m", "display": "highest point: Pic la Selle 2,674 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to severe storms from June to October; occasional flooding and earthquakes; periodic droughts", "display": "lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to severe storms from June to October; occasional flooding and earthquakes; periodic droughts", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "bauxite, copper, calcium carbonate, gold, marble, hydropower, arable land", "display": "bauxite, copper, calcium carbonate, gold, marble, hydropower, arable land", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "fairly even distribution; largest concentrations located near coastal areas", "display": "fairly even distribution; largest concentrations located near coastal areas", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 11,898,812 (2025 est.) | male: 5,863,438 | female: 6,035,374", "display": "total: 11,898,812 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 11898812.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.22% (2025 est.)", "display": "1.22% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.012199999999999999, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 59.7% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 2.47% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 59.7% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "French (official), Creole (official) | major-language sample(s): The World Factbook, une source indispensable d'informations de base. (French) | The World Factbook, sous endispansab pou enfomasyon debaz. (Haitian Creole) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "French (official), Creole (official)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Catholic 55%, Protestant 29%, Vodou 2.1%, other 4.6%, none 10% (2018 est.) | note: 50-80% of Haitians incorporate some elements of Vodou culture or practice in addition to another religion, most often Roman Catholicism; Vodou was recognized as an official religion in 2003", "display": "Catholic 55%, Protestant 29%, Vodou 2.1%, other 4.6%, none 10% (2018 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 65.6 years (2024 est.) | male: 63.8 years | female: 67.4 years", "display": "total population: 65.6 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 65.6, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 25.3 years (2025 est.) | male: 24.7 years | female: 25.3 years", "display": "total: 25.3 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "2.987 million PORT-AU-PRINCE (capital) (2023)", "display": "2.987 million PORT-AU-PRINCE (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 68% (2017 est.) | male: 72.9% (2017 est.) | female: 63.9% (2017 est.)", "display": "total population: 68% (2017 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2017 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Haiti | conventional short form: Haiti | local long form: République d'Haïti (French)/Repiblik d Ayiti (Haitian Creole) | local short form: Haïti (French)/ Ayiti (Haitian Creole) | etymology: derived from the Arawak name Ayti, meaning \"Land of Mountains,\" that was originally applied to the entire island of Hispaniola", "display": "conventional long form: Republic of Haiti", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Port-au-Prince | geographic coordinates: 18 32 N, 72 20 W | time difference: UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November | etymology: the name means \"the port of the prince\" and probably came from a ship called The Prince that anchored in the bay in the early 18th century", "display": "name: Port-au-Prince", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "semi-presidential republic", "display": "semi-presidential republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law system strongly influenced by Napoleonic Code", "display": "civil law system strongly influenced by Napoleonic Code", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: many previous; latest adopted 10 March 1987, with substantial revisions in June 2012 | amendment process: proposed by the executive branch or by either the Senate or the Chamber of Deputies; consideration of proposed amendments requires support by at least two-thirds majority of both houses; passage requires at least two-thirds majority of the membership present and at least two-thirds majority of the votes cast; approved amendments enter into force after installation of the next president of the republic; constitutional articles on the democratic and republican form of government cannot be amended | note: the constitution is commonly referred to as the “amended 1987 constitution”", "display": "history: many previous; latest adopted 10 March 1987, with substantial revisions in June 2012", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1987 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "10 departments ( départements , singular - département ); Artibonite, Centre, Grand'Anse, Nippes, Nord, Nord-Est, Nord-Ouest, Ouest, Sud, Sud-Est", "display": "10 departments ( départements , singular - département ); Artibonite, Centre, Grand'Anse, Nippes, Nord, Nord-Est, Nord-Ouest, Ouest, Sud, Sud-Est", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACP, ACS, AOSIS, Caricom, CD, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OIF, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, Petrocaribe, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, 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terminals: 1 | key ports: Cap Haitien, Jacmel, Miragoane, Petit Goave, Port au Prince", "display": "total ports: 5 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 4 (2023) | by type: general cargo 3, other 1", "display": "total: 4 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "deforestation (trees cleared for agriculture and used as fuel); soil erosion; inadequate potable water and lack of sanitation; natural disasters", "display": "deforestation (trees cleared for agriculture and used as fuel); soil erosion; inadequate potable water and lack of sanitation; natural disasters", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "2.854 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 2.848 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 6,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "2.854 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "14.022 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "14.022 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 190 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 51 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 1.209 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 190 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection | signed, but not ratified: Nuclear Test Ban", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Con…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/haiti.json" }, { "entity_id": "heard-island-and-mcdonald-islands", "name": "Heard Island and McDonald Islands", "source_code": "HM", "source_entity_class": "dependency-or-territory", "source_region": "Antarctic Region", "roadmap_country": null, "coverage_region": null, "roadmap_status": "additional", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 29, "published_fact_count": 13, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions" ], "summary": { "population": null, "area_sq_km": 412.0, "capital": null, "government_type": null, "life_expectancy_years": null, "urban_population_percent": null, "internet_users_percent": null, "electricity_access_percent": null, "gdp_per_capita_usd": null, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": null, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "American sailor John HEARD discovered Heard Island in 1853 while fellow American William MCDONALD discovered the McDonald Islands the following year. Starting in 1855, sealers lived on the islands and harvested elephant seal oil; by the time the practice was ended in 1877, most of the islands’ seals were killed. The UK formally claimed the islands in 1910, and Australian explorer Douglas MAWSON visited Heard Island in 1929. In 1947, the UK transferred the islands to Australia for its Antarctica research, but Australia closed the research station on Heard Island in 1954 when it opened a new research station on the Antarctic continent. McDonald Island has been an active volcano since it emerged from dormancy in 1992, and the island doubled in size after an eruption in 1996. In 1997, the islands were named a UNESCO World Heritage site. Populated by a large number of bird species, seals, and penguins, the islands are primarily used for research, with limited fishing permitted in the surrounding waters.", "display": "American sailor John HEARD discovered Heard Island in 1853 while fellow American William MCDONALD discovered the McDonald Islands the following year. Starting in 1855, sealers liv…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1910 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "islands in the Indian Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Madagascar to Antarctica", "display": "islands in the Indian Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Madagascar to Antarctica", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Antarctic Region", "display": "Antarctic Region", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 412 sq km | land: 412 sq km | water: 0 sq km", "display": "total : 412 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 412.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "101.9 km", "display": "101.9 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Heard Island - 80% ice-covered, bleak and mountainous, dominated by a large massif (Big Ben) and an active volcano (Mawson Peak); McDonald Islands - small and rocky", "display": "Heard Island - 80% ice-covered, bleak and mountainous, dominated by a large massif (Big Ben) and an active volcano (Mawson Peak); McDonald Islands - small and rocky", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "antarctic", "display": "antarctic", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Mawson Peak on Big Ben volcano 2,745 m | lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m", "display": "highest point: Mawson Peak on Big Ben volcano 2,745 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Mawson Peak, an active volcano, is on Heard Island", "display": "Mawson Peak, an active volcano, is on Heard Island", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "fish", "display": "fish", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: uninhabited | note: limited scientific research and expeditions", "display": "total: uninhabited", "source_field": "Population", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands | conventional short form: Heard Island and McDonald Islands | abbreviation: HIMI | etymology: named after US Captain John HEARD, who sighted the island on 25 November 1853, and US Captain William McDONALD, who discovered the islands on 4 January 1854", "display": "conventional long form: Territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "the laws of Australia apply", "display": "the laws of Australia apply", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/heard-island-and-mcdonald-islands.json" }, { "entity_id": "holy-see-vatican-city", "name": "Holy See (Vatican City)", "source_code": "VA", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Europe", "roadmap_country": "Holy See", "coverage_region": "Europe", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 61, "published_fact_count": 28, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 1000.0, "area_sq_km": 0.0, "capital": "Vatican City", "government_type": "ecclesiastical elective monarchy; self-described as an \"absolute monarchy\"", "life_expectancy_years": null, "urban_population_percent": 100.0, "internet_users_percent": 87.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": null, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": null, "landlocked": true }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Popes in their secular role ruled portions of the Italian peninsula for more than a thousand years until the mid-19th century, when the newly established Kingdom of Italy seized many of the Papal States. In 1870, the pope's holdings were further circumscribed when Rome itself was annexed. Disputes between Italy and a series of \"prisoner\" popes were resolved in 1929 by three Lateran Treaties, which established the independent state of Vatican City and granted Roman Catholicism special status in Italy. In 1984, a concordat between the Holy See and Italy modified some of the earlier treaty provisions, including the primacy of Roman Catholicism as the Italian state religion. | Present concerns of the Holy See include religious freedom, threats against minority Christian communities in Africa and the Middle East, the plight of refugees and migrants, climate change and the environment, conflict and war, nuclear weapons, artificial intelligence, sexual misconduct by clergy, humanitarian issues, interreligious dialogue and reconciliation, and the application of church doctrine in an era of rapid change and globalization. About 1.3 billion people worldwide profess Catholicism, the world's largest Christian faith.", "display": "Popes in their secular role ruled portions of the Italian peninsula for more than a thousand years until the mid-19th century, when the newly established Kingdom of Italy seized m…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1929 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southern Europe, an enclave of Rome (Italy)", "display": "Southern Europe, an enclave of Rome (Italy)", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Europe", "display": "Europe", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 0 sq km | land: 0.44 sq km | water: 0 sq km", "display": "total : 0 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 0.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "0 km (landlocked)", "display": "0 km (landlocked)", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "urban; low hill", "display": "urban; low hill", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "temperate; mild, rainy winters (September to May) with hot, dry summers (May to September)", "display": "temperate; mild, rainy winters (September to May) with hot, dry summers (May to September)", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Vatican Gardens (Vatican Hill) 78 m | lowest point: Saint Peter's Square 19 m", "display": "highest point: Vatican Gardens (Vatican Hill) 78 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "occasional earthquakes", "display": "occasional earthquakes", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "none", "display": "none", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 1,000 (2024)", "display": "total: 1,000 (2024)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 1000.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0% (2014 est.)", "display": "0% (2014 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0, "estimate_year": 2014 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 100% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 100% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Italian, Latin, French, various other languages | major-language sample(s): | L'Almanacco dei fatti del mondo, l'indispensabile fonte per le informazioni di base. (Italian) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Italian, Latin, French, various other languages", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Roman Catholic", "display": "Roman Catholic", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1,000 VATICAN CITY (capital) (2018)", "display": "1,000 VATICAN CITY (capital) (2018)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: The Holy See (Vatican City State) | conventional short form: Holy See (Vatican City) | local long form: La Santa Sede (Stato della Citta del Vaticano) | local short form: Santa Sede (Citta del Vaticano) | etymology: \"holy\" comes from the Greek word hera , meaning \"sacred\"; 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euro user with own minted coins; produces commemorative stamps, coins, and publications to support museums and religious needs; residents pay no direct taxes; “zero deficit” plan to address budget shortfall", "display": "limited, tourism-based economy; euro user with own minted coins; produces commemorative stamps, coins, and publications to support museums and religious needs; residents pay no di…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "printing; production of coins, medals, postage stamps; mosaics, staff uniforms; worldwide banking and financial activities", "display": "printing; production of coins, medals, postage stamps; mosaics, staff uniforms; worldwide banking and financial activities", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 87% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 87% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.87, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2021)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2021)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "some air pollution from the surrounding city of Rome", "display": "some air pollution from the surrounding city of Rome", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection | signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution, Environmental Modification", "display": "party to: Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/holy-see-vatican-city.json" }, { "entity_id": "honduras", "name": "Honduras", "source_code": "HN", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Central America and the Caribbean", "roadmap_country": "Honduras", "coverage_region": "Americas", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 147, "published_fact_count": 52, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 9529188.0, "area_sq_km": 112090.0, "capital": "Tegucigalpa", "government_type": "presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 73.1, "urban_population_percent": 60.2, "internet_users_percent": 57.99999999999999, "electricity_access_percent": 94.4, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 6600.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Once part of Spain's vast empire in the New World, Honduras became an independent nation in 1821. After two and a half decades of mostly military rule, a freely elected civilian government came to power in 1982. During the 1980s, Honduras proved a haven for anti-Sandinista contras fighting the Marxist Nicaraguan Government and an ally to Salvadoran Government forces fighting leftist guerrillas. Hurricane Mitch devastated the country in 1998, killing about 5,600 people and causing approximately $2 billion in damage. Since then, the economy has slowly rebounded, despite COVID-19 and severe storm-related setbacks in 2020 and 2021.", "display": "Once part of Spain's vast empire in the New World, Honduras became an independent nation in 1821. 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the Rio Ulua valley in the north is the only densely populated lowland area", "display": "most residents live in the mountainous western half of the country; Honduras is the only Central American nation with an urban population that is distributed between two large cen…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 9,529,188 (2024 est.) | male: 4,591,247 | female: 4,937,941", "display": "total: 9,529,188 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 9529188.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.28% (2025 est.)", "display": "1.28% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0128, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 60.2% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 2.48% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 60.2% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Spanish (official), Amerindian dialects | major-language sample(s): | La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Spanish (official), Amerindian dialects", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Evangelical 55%, Roman Catholic 33.4%, none 10.1%, unspecified 1.5% (2023 est.)", "display": "Evangelical 55%, Roman Catholic 33.4%, none 10.1%, unspecified 1.5% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 73.1 years (2024 est.) | male: 69.6 years | female: 76.8 years", "display": "total population: 73.1 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 73.1, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 26.1 years (2025 est.) | male: 24.8 years | female: 26.6 years", "display": "total: 26.1 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.568 million TEGUCIGALPA (capital), 982,000 San Pedro Sula (2023)", "display": "1.568 million TEGUCIGALPA (capital), 982,000 San Pedro Sula (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 88.2% (2024 est.) | male: 87.6% (2024 est.) | female: 88.8% (2024 est.)", "display": "total population: 88.2% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "school_life_expectancy": 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"lens": "institutions", "content": "18 departments ( departamentos , singular - departamento ); Atlántida, Choluteca, Colon, Comayagua, Copan, Cortes, El Paraiso, Francisco Morazán, Gracias a Dios, Intibucá, Islas de la Bahia, La Paz, Lempira, Ocotepeque, Olancho, Santa Barbara, Valle, Yoro", "display": "18 departments ( departamentos , singular - departamento ); Atlántida, Choluteca, Colon, Comayagua, Copan, Cortes, El Paraiso, Francisco Morazán, Gracias a Dios, Intibucá, Islas d…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACS, BCIE, CACM, CD, CELAC, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-11, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC (suspended), IOM, IPU, ISO (subscriber), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA 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activity; high poverty and inequality; declining-but-still-high violent crime disruption; sys…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$71.297 billion (2024 est.) | $68.85 billion (2023 est.) | $66.473 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$71.297 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 71.297, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$6,600 (2024 est.) | $6,500 (2023 est.) | $6,400 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$6,600 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 6600.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3.6% (2024 est.) | 3.6% (2023 est.) | 4.1% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "3.6% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "4.6% (2024 est.) | 6.7% (2023 est.) | 9.1% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "4.6% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.046, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "6.1% (2024 est.) | 6.1% (2023 est.) | 8.8% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "6.1% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.061, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "sugar processing, coffee, woven and knit apparel, wood products, cigars", "display": "sugar processing, coffee, woven and knit apparel, wood products, cigars", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "sugarcane, oil palm fruit, maize, milk, bananas, coffee, cantaloupes/melons, oranges, chicken, beans (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "sugarcane, oil palm fruit, maize, milk, bananas, coffee, cantaloupes/melons, oranges, chicken, beans (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "garments, coffee, insulated wire, palm oil, 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"fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 476,000 (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 4 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 476,000 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 476000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 94.4% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 100% | electrification - rural areas: 86.8%", "display": "electrification - total population: 94.4% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 38.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 8.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 5.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 33.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | geothermal: 3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 10.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 38.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "16.642 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "16.642 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "129 (2025)", "display": "129 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 8 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 1 | very small: 7 | ports with oil terminals: 3 | key ports: Coxen Hole, La Ceiba, Puerto Castilla, Puerto Cortes, Puerto de Hencan, Puerto Este, Tela, Trujillo", "display": "total ports: 8 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 699 km (2014) | narrow gauge: 164 km (2014) 1.067-m gauge | 115 km 1.057-mm gauge | 420 km 0.914-mm gauge", "display": "total: 699 km (2014)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2014 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 489 (2023) | by type: general cargo 233, oil tanker 82, other 174", "display": "total: 489 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "deforestation from logging and agricultural clearing; land degradation and soil erosion from overdevelopment and improper land use practices; mining activities polluting Lago de Yojoa (the country's largest source of fresh water) and other rivers and streams", "display": "deforestation from logging and agricultural clearing; land degradation and soil erosion from overdevelopment and improper land use practices; mining activities polluting Lago de Y…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "10.534 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 324,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 10.21 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "10.534 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "92.164 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "92.164 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 315 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 114 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 1.178 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 315 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environ…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/honduras.json" }, { "entity_id": "hong-kong", "name": "Hong Kong", "source_code": "HK", "source_entity_class": "dependency-or-territory", "source_region": "Southeast Asia", "roadmap_country": null, "coverage_region": null, "roadmap_status": "additional", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 121, "published_fact_count": 45, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 7305556.0, "area_sq_km": 1108.0, "capital": null, "government_type": "presidential limited democracy; a special administrative region of the People's Republic of China", "life_expectancy_years": 84.0, "urban_population_percent": 100.0, "internet_users_percent": 96.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 66200.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "The UK seized Hong Kong in 1841, and China formally ceded it the following year at the end of the First Opium War. The Kowloon Peninsula was added in 1860 at the end of the Second Opium War, and the UK obtained a 99-year lease of the New Territories in 1898. Pursuant to a UK-China agreement in 1984, Hong Kong became the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) of the People's Republic of China as of 1 July 1997. In this agreement, China promised that, under its \"one country, two systems\" formula, China's socialist economic and strict political system would not be imposed on Hong Kong and that Hong Kong would enjoy a \"high degree of autonomy\" in all matters except foreign and defense affairs for the next 50 years. | After the handover, Hong Kong continued to enjoy success as an international financial center. However, growing Chinese political influence and dissatisfaction with the Hong Kong Government in the 2010s became central issues and led to considerable civil unrest, including large-scale pro-democracy demonstrations in 2019 after the HKSAR attempted to revise a local ordinance to allow extraditions to mainland China. In response to the protests, the governments of the HKSAR and China reduced the city's autonomy and placed new restrictions on the rights of Hong Kong residents, moves that were widely criticized as contravening obligations under the Hong Kong Basic Law and the Sino-British Joint Declaration. Democratic lawmakers and political figures were arrested in a widespread crackdown, while others fled abroad. At the same time, dozens of civil society groups and several independent media outlets were closed or disbanded. In 2021, Beijing imposed a more restrictive electoral system, restructuring the Legislative Council (LegCo) and allowing only government-approved candidates to run for office. The changes ensured that virtually all seats in the 2021 LegCo election went to pro-establishment candidates and effectively ended political opposition to Beijing. In 2024, the LegCo passed a new national security law (Article 23 of the Basic Law) further expanding the Hong Kong Government's power to curb dissent.", "display": "The UK seized Hong Kong in 1841, and China formally ceded it the following year at the end of the First Opium War. The Kowloon Peninsula was added in 1860 at the end of the Second…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1984 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China", "display": "Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southeast Asia", "display": "Southeast Asia", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 1,108 sq km | land: 1,073 sq km | water: 35 sq km", "display": "total : 1,108 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 1108.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "733 km", "display": "733 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "hilly to mountainous with steep slopes; lowlands in north", "display": "hilly to mountainous with steep slopes; lowlands in north", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "subtropical monsoon; cool and humid in winter, hot and rainy from spring through summer, warm and sunny in fall", "display": "subtropical monsoon; cool and humid in winter, hot and rainy from spring through summer, warm and sunny in fall", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Tai Mo Shan 958 m | lowest point: South China Sea 0 m", "display": "highest point: Tai Mo Shan 958 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "occasional typhoons", "display": "occasional typhoons", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "outstanding deepwater harbor, feldspar", "display": "outstanding deepwater harbor, feldspar", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "population fairly evenly distributed", "display": "population fairly evenly distributed", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 7,305,556 (2025 est.) | male: 3,367,222 | female: 3,938,334", "display": "total: 7,305,556 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 7305556.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.09% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.09% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0009, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 100% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.58% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 100% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Cantonese (official) 85.4%, English (official) 4.5%, Putonghua (official) 2.2%, other Chinese dialects 2.8%, other 2%, persons under 5 or mute 3.2% (2021 est.) | major-language sample(s): | 世界概况, 必須擁有的基本資料参考书 (Cantonese) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. | note: data represent population by usual spoken language", "display": "Cantonese (official) 85.4%, English (official) 4.5%, Putonghua (official) 2.2%, other Chinese dialects 2.8%, other 2%, persons under 5 or mute 3.2% (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Buddhist or Taoist 27.9%, Protestant 6.7%, Roman Catholic 5.3%, Muslim 4.2%, Hindu 1.4%, Sikh 0.2%, other or none 54.3% (2016 est.) | note: many people practice Confucianism, regardless of their religion or not having a religious affiliation", "display": "Buddhist or Taoist 27.9%, Protestant 6.7%, Roman Catholic 5.3%, Muslim 4.2%, Hindu 1.4%, Sikh 0.2%, other or none 54.3% (2016 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2016 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 84 years (2024 est.) | male: 81.3 years | female: 86.8 years", "display": "total population: 84 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 84.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 47.6 years (2025 est.) | male: 45.3 years | female: 48.6 years", "display": "total: 47.6 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "7.685 million Hong Kong (2023)", "display": "7.685 million Hong Kong (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 17 years (2023 est.) | male: 17 years (2023 est.) | female: 17 years (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 17 years (2023 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Hong Kong Special Administrative Region | conventional short form: Hong Kong | local long form: Heung Kong Takpit Hangching Ku (Eitel/Dyer-Ball) | local short form: Heung Kong (Eitel/Dyer-Ball) | abbreviation: HK | etymology: probably an imprecise phonetic rendering of the Cantonese name meaning \"fragrant harbor\"", "display": "conventional long form: Hong Kong Special Administrative Region", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "presidential limited democracy; a special administrative region of the People's Republic of China", "display": "presidential limited democracy; a special administrative region of the People's Republic of China", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "mixed system of common law based on the English model and Chinese customary law (in matters of family and land tenure); China's imposition of National Security Law incorporates elements of Chinese civil law", "display": "mixed system of common law based on the English model and Chinese customary law (in matters of family and land tenure); China's imposition of National Security Law incorporates el…", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: several previous (governance documents while under British authority); latest drafted April 1988 to February 1989, approved March 1990, effective 1 July 1997 (Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China serves as the constitution) | amendment process: proposed by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress (NPC), the People’s Republic of China State Council, or the Special Administrative Region of Hong Kong; submittal of proposals to the NPC requires two-thirds majority vote by the Legislative Council of Hong Kong, approval by two thirds of Hong Kong’s deputies to the NPC, and approval by the Hong Kong chief executive; final passage requires approval by the NPC | note: since 1990, China's National People's Congress has interpreted specific articles of the Basic Law", "display": "history: several previous (governance documents while under British authority); latest drafted April 1988 to February 1989, approved March 1990, effective 1 July 1997 (Basic Law o…", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1988 }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ADB, APEC, BIS, FATF, ICC (national committees), IHO, IMF, IMO (associate), Interpol (subbureau), IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITUC (NGOs), UNWTO (associate), UPU, WCO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ADB, APEC, BIS, FATF, ICC (national committees), IHO, IMF, IMO (associate), Interpol (subbureau), IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITUC (NGOs), UNWTO (associate), UPU, WCO, WMO, WTO", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "high-income tourism- and services-based economy; global financial hub; COVID-19 and political protests fueled recent recession; ongoing recovery but lower-skilled unemployment remains high; investing in job-reskilling programs", "display": "high-income tourism- and services-based economy; global financial hub; COVID-19 and political protests fueled recent recession; ongoing recovery but lower-skilled unemployment rem…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$497.88 billion (2024 est.) | $485.541 billion (2023 est.) | $470.42 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$497.88 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 497.88, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$66,200 (2024 est.) | $64,400 (2023 est.) | $64,000 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$66,200 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 66200.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.5% (2024 est.) | 3.2% (2023 est.) | -3.7% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "2.5% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "1.7% (2024 est.) | 2.1% (2023 est.) | 1.9% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "1.7% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.017, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.8% (2024 est.) | 3% (2023 est.) | 4.4% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "2.8% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.027999999999999997, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "trading and logistics, financial services, professional services, tourism, cultural and creative, clothing and textiles, shipping, electronics, toys, clocks and watches", "display": "trading and logistics, financial services, professional services, tourism, cultural and creative, clothing and textiles, shipping, electronics, toys, clocks and watches", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "pork, chicken, spinach, vegetables, pork offal, game meat, beef, fruits, onions, pork fat (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "pork, chicken, spinach, vegetables, pork offal, game meat, beef, fruits, onions, pork fat (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "gold, integrated circuits, gas turbines, broadcasting equipment, jewelry (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "gold, integrated circuits, gas turbines, broadcasting equipment, jewelry (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "integrated circuits, broadcasting equipment, gold, machine parts, jewelry (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "integrated circuits, broadcasting equipment, gold, machine parts, jewelry (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 96% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 96% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.96, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 2.97 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 40 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 2.97 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 2970000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 99.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 0.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 0.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 99.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "116.811 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "116.811 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "2 (2025)", "display": "2 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 1 (2024) | large: 1 | medium: 0 | small: 0 | very small: 0 | ports with oil terminals: 1 | key ports: Hong Kong", "display": "total ports: 1 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 2,537 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 1,047, container ship 560, general cargo 144, oil tanker 394, other 392", "display": "total: 2,537 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "air and water pollution from rapid urbanization; urban waste pollution; industrial pollution", "display": "air and water pollution from rapid urbanization; urban waste pollution; industrial pollution", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "58.433 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 12.935 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 35.453 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 10.045 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "58.433 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/hong-kong.json" }, { "entity_id": "hungary", "name": "Hungary", "source_code": "HU", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Europe", "roadmap_country": "Hungary", "coverage_region": "Europe", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 146, "published_fact_count": 49, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 9855745.0, "area_sq_km": 93028.0, "capital": "Budapest", "government_type": "parliamentary republic", "life_expectancy_years": 76.0, "urban_population_percent": 72.9, "internet_users_percent": 92.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 40700.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": true }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Hungary became a Christian kingdom in A.D. 1000 and for many centuries served as a bulwark against Ottoman Turkish expansion in Europe. The kingdom eventually became part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, which collapsed during World War I. The country fell under communist rule after World War II. In 1956, Moscow responded to a Hungarian revolt and announcement of its withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact with a massive military intervention. Under the leadership of Janos KADAR in 1968, Hungary began liberalizing its economy, introducing so-called \"Goulash Communism.\" Hungary held its first multiparty elections in 1990 and initiated a free market economy. It joined NATO in 1999 and the EU five years later.", "display": "Hungary became a Christian kingdom in A.D. 1000 and for many centuries served as a bulwark against Ottoman Turkish expansion in Europe. The kingdom eventually became part of the A…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1956 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Central Europe, northwest of Romania", "display": "Central Europe, northwest of Romania", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Europe", "display": "Europe", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 93,028 sq km | land: 89,608 sq km | water: 3,420 sq km", "display": "total : 93,028 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 93028.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "0 km (landlocked)", "display": "0 km (landlocked)", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly flat to rolling plains; hills and low mountains on the Slovakian border", "display": "mostly flat to rolling plains; hills and low mountains on the Slovakian border", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "temperate; cold, cloudy, humid winters; warm summers", "display": "temperate; cold, cloudy, humid winters; warm summers", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Kekes 1,014 m | lowest point: Tisza River 78 m | mean elevation: 143 m", "display": "highest point: Kekes 1,014 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "bauxite, coal, natural gas, fertile soils, arable land", "display": "bauxite, coal, natural gas, fertile soils, arable land", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations", "display": "a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 9,855,745 (2024 est.) | male: 4,812,668 | female: 5,043,077", "display": "total: 9,855,745 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 9855745.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "-0.29% (2025 est.)", "display": "-0.29% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": -0.0029, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 72.9% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.05% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 72.9% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Hungarian (official) 98.8%, English 25.3%, German 12.6%, Russian 2.1%, French 1.5%, Romanian 1.4%, other 5.1% (2022 est.) | major-language sample(s): | A World Factbook nélkülözhetetlen forrása az alapvető információnak. (Hungarian) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. | note: percentages add up to more than 100% because respondents were able to identify more than one spoken language", "display": "Hungarian (official) 98.8%, English 25.3%, German 12.6%, Russian 2.1%, French 1.5%, Romanian 1.4%, other 5.1% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Catholic 30.1% (Roman Catholic 27.5%, Greek Catholic 1.7%, other Catholic 0.9%), Calvinist 9.8%, Lutheran 1.8%, other Christian (includes Orthodox) 1.6%, other 0.4%, none 16.1%, no answer 40.1% (2022 est.)", "display": "Catholic 30.1% (Roman Catholic 27.5%, Greek Catholic 1.7%, other Catholic 0.9%), Calvinist 9.8%, Lutheran 1.8%, other Christian (includes Orthodox) 1.6%, other 0.4%, none 16.1%, n…", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 76 years (2024 est.) | male: 72.9 years | female: 79.3 years", "display": "total population: 76 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 76.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 45.1 years (2025 est.) | male: 42.8 years | female: 46.7 years", "display": "total: 45.1 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.778 million BUDAPEST (capital) (2023)", "display": "1.778 million BUDAPEST (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 16 years (2023 est.) | male: 15 years (2023 est.) | female: 16 years (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 16 years (2023 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: none | conventional short form: Hungary | local long form: none | local short form: Magyarorszag | former: Kingdom of Hungary, Hungarian People's Republic, Hungarian Soviet Republic, Hungarian Republic | etymology: the Byzantine Greeks referred to the tribes that arrived on the steppes of Eastern Europe in the 9th century as the \"Oungroi,\" a name that later became \"Hungari,\" which originally meant an \"[alliance of] ten tribes;\" the Hungarian name Magyarorszag means \"Country of the Magyars,\" which may be derived from the name of the most prominent of the Hungarian tribes", "display": "conventional long form: none", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Budapest | geographic coordinates: 47 30 N, 19 05 E | time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October | etymology: Buda on the western shore of the Danube and Pest on the eastern shore merged in 1873 to form Budapest; Buda's name may derive from the name of its founder or from a local word meaning \"water;\" Pest derives from a Slavic word meaning \"furnace\" or \"oven\"", "display": "name: Budapest", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary republic", "display": "parliamentary republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil system influenced by the German model", "display": "civil system influenced by the German model", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: previous 1949 (heavily amended in 1989 following the collapse of communism); latest approved 18 April 2011, signed 25 April 2011, effective 1 January 2012 | amendment process: proposed by the president of the republic, by the government, by parliamentary committee, or by Parliament members; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of Parliament members and approval by the president", "display": "history: previous 1949 (heavily amended in 1989 following the collapse of communism); latest approved 18 April 2011, signed 25 April 2011, effective 1 January 2012", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1949 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "19 counties ( megyek , singular - megye ), 25 cities with county rights ( megyei jogu varosok , singular - megyei jogu varos ), and 1 capital city ( fovaros ) | counties: Bacs-Kiskun, Baranya, Bekes, Borsod-Abauj-Zemplen, Csongrad-Csanad, Fejer, Gyor-Moson-Sopron, Hajdu-Bihar, Heves, Jasz-Nagykun-Szolnok, Komarom-Esztergom, Nograd, Pest, Somogy, Szabolcs-Szatmar-Bereg, Tolna, Vas, Veszprem, Zala | cities with county rights: Baja, Bekescsaba, Debrecen, Dunaujvaros, Eger, Erd, Esztergom, Gyor, Hodmezovasarhely, Kaposvar, Kecskemet, Miskolc, Nagykanizsa, Nyiregyhaza, Pecs, Salgotarjan, Sopron, Szeged, Szekesfehervar, Szekszard, Szolnok, Szombathely, Tatabanya, Veszprem, Zalaegerszeg | capital city: Budapest", "display": "19 counties ( megyek , singular - megye ), 25 cities with county rights ( megyei jogu varosok , singular - megyei jogu varos ), and 1 capital city ( fovaros )", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, ESA (cooperating state), EU, FAO, G-9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC", "display": "Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, ESA (cooperating state), EU, FAO, G-9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC,…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "high-income EU and OECD economy; modest recovery from 2024 recession driven by private consumption and moderated inflation; challenges include high fiscal deficits, frozen access to EU funds, and risks from export reliance; implementing tax exemptions, price controls, and mortgage interest caps ahead of 2026 elections", "display": "high-income EU and OECD economy; modest recovery from 2024 recession driven by private consumption and moderated inflation; challenges include high fiscal deficits, frozen access…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$389.207 billion (2024 est.) | $387.223 billion (2023 est.) | $390.513 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$389.207 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 389.207, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$40,700 (2024 est.) | $40,400 (2023 est.) | $40,700 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$40,700 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 40700.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "0.5% (2024 est.) | -0.8% (2023 est.) | 4.3% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "0.5% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3.7% (2024 est.) | 17.1% (2023 est.) | 14.6% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "3.7% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.037000000000000005, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "4.5% (2024 est.) | 4.2% (2023 est.) | 3.7% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "4.5% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.045, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "mining, metallurgy, construction materials, processed foods, textiles, chemicals (especially pharmaceuticals), motor vehicles", "display": "mining, metallurgy, construction materials, processed foods, textiles, chemicals (especially pharmaceuticals), motor vehicles", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "maize, wheat, barley, milk, sunflower seeds, sugar beets, rapeseed, apples, pork, grapes (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "maize, wheat, barley, milk, sunflower seeds, sugar beets, rapeseed, apples, pork, grapes (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "cars, vehicle parts/accessories, electric batteries, packaged medicine, computers (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "cars, vehicle parts/accessories, electric batteries, packaged medicine, computers (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "vehicle parts/accessories, natural gas, integrated circuits, broadcasting equipment, industrial acids/oils/alcohols (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "vehicle parts/accessories, natural gas, integrated circuits, broadcasting equipment, industrial acids/oils/alcohols (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 92% (2024 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 92% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.92, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 3.56 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 37 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 3.56 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 3560000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 28.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | nuclear: 44.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 19.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 1.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 0.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 4.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 28.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "96.152 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "96.152 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "109 (2025)", "display": "109 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 7,687 km (2020) 3,111 km electrified", "display": "total: 7,687 km (2020) 3,111 km electrified", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 1 (2023) | by type: other 1", "display": "total: 1 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "air and soil pollution; water pollution from industry and large-scale agriculture", "display": "air and soil pollution; water pollution from industry and large-scale agriculture", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "40.161 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 3.373 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 20.887 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 15.901 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "40.161 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "104 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "104 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 660 million cubic meters (2022) | industrial: 3.758 billion cubic meters (2022) | agricultural: 548.613 million cubic meters (2022)", "display": "municipal: 660 million cubic meters (2022)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: Antarctic-Environmental Protection", "display": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/hungary.json" }, { "entity_id": "iceland", "name": "Iceland", "source_code": "IS", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Arctic Region", "roadmap_country": "Iceland", "coverage_region": "Europe", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 135, "published_fact_count": 49, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 364036.0, "area_sq_km": 103000.0, "capital": "Reykjavik", "government_type": "unitary parliamentary republic", "life_expectancy_years": 84.0, "urban_population_percent": 94.0, "internet_users_percent": 100.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 65600.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Settled by Norwegian and Celtic (Scottish and Irish) immigrants during the late 9th and 10th centuries A.D., Iceland boasts the world's oldest functioning legislative assembly, the Althingi, which was established in 930. Independent for over 300 years, Iceland was subsequently ruled by Norway and Denmark. Fallout from the Askja volcano of 1875 devastated the Icelandic economy and caused widespread famine. Over the next quarter-century, 20% of the island's population emigrated, mostly to Canada and the US. Denmark granted limited home rule in 1874 and complete independence in 1944. The second half of the 20th century saw substantial economic growth driven primarily by the fishing industry. The economy diversified greatly after the country joined the European Economic Area in 1994, but the global financial crisis hit Iceland especially hard in the years after 2008. The economy is now on an upward trajectory, primarily thanks to a tourism and construction boom. Literacy, longevity, and social cohesion are first-rate by world standards.", "display": "Settled by Norwegian and Celtic (Scottish and Irish) immigrants during the late 9th and 10th centuries A.D., Iceland boasts the world's oldest functioning legislative assembly, th…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1944 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Northern Europe, island between the Greenland Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, northwest of the United Kingdom", "display": "Northern Europe, island between the Greenland Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, northwest of the United Kingdom", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Arctic Region", "display": "Arctic Region", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 103,000 sq km | land: 100,250 sq km | water: 2,750 sq km", "display": "total : 103,000 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 103000.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "4,970 km", "display": "4,970 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly plateau interspersed with mountain peaks, icefields; coast deeply indented by bays and fiords", "display": "mostly plateau interspersed with mountain peaks, icefields; coast deeply indented by bays and fiords", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "temperate; moderated by North Atlantic Current; mild, windy winters; damp, cool summers", "display": "temperate; moderated by North Atlantic Current; mild, windy winters; damp, cool summers", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Hvannadalshnukur (at Vatnajokull Glacier) 2,110 m | lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m | mean elevation: 557 m", "display": "highest point: Hvannadalshnukur (at Vatnajokull Glacier) 2,110 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "earthquakes and volcanic activity | volcanism: Iceland is situated on top of a hotspot and experiences severe volcanic activity; Eyjafjallajokull (1,666 m) erupted in 2010, sending ash high into the atmosphere and seriously disrupting European air traffic; scientists continue to monitor nearby Katla (1,512 m), which has a high probability of eruption; Grimsvoetn and Hekla are Iceland's most active volcanoes; other historically active volcanoes include Askja, Bardarbunga, Brennisteinsfjoll, Esjufjoll, Hengill, Krafla, Krisuvik, Kverkfjoll, Oraefajokull, Reykjanes, Torfajokull, and Vestmannaeyjar", "display": "earthquakes and volcanic activity", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2010 }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "fish, hydropower, geothermal power, diatomite", "display": "fish, hydropower, geothermal power, diatomite", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Iceland is almost entirely urban, with half of the population located in and around the capital of Reykjavik; smaller clusters are primarily found along the coast in the north and west", "display": "Iceland is almost entirely urban, with half of the population located in and around the capital of Reykjavik; smaller clusters are primarily found along the coast in the north and…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 364,036 (2024 est.) | male: 182,268 | female: 181,768", "display": "total: 364,036 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 364036.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.82% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.82% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.008199999999999999, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 94% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.74% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 94% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Icelandic, English, Polish, Nordic languages, German", "display": "Icelandic, English, Polish, Nordic languages, German", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Evangelical Lutheran Church of Iceland (official) 58.6% Roman Catholic 3.8%, Independent Congregation of Reykjavik 2.6%, Independent Congregation of Hafnarfjordur 1.9%, pagan worship 1.5%, Icelandic Ethical Humanist Association 1.4%, other (includes Zuist and Pentecostal) or unspecified 18.7%, none 7.7% (2024 est.)", "display": "Evangelical Lutheran Church of Iceland (official) 58.6% Roman Catholic 3.8%, Independent Congregation of Reykjavik 2.6%, Independent Congregation of Hafnarfjordur 1.9%, pagan wors…", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 84 years (2024 est.) | male: 81.8 years | female: 86.3 years", "display": "total population: 84 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 84.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 38.2 years (2025 est.) | male: 37.4 years | female: 38.6 years", "display": "total: 38.2 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "216,000 REYKJAVIK (capital) (2018)", "display": "216,000 REYKJAVIK (capital) (2018)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 19 years (2022 est.) | male: 18 years (2022 est.) | female: 20 years (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 19 years (2022 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: none | conventional short form: Iceland | local long form: none | local short form: Island | etymology: Floki VILGERDARSON, an early Norse explorer of the island in the 10th century, applied the name \"Land of Ice,\" from the local words ís (ice) and land (land)", "display": "conventional long form: none", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Reykjavik | geographic coordinates: 64 09 N, 21 57 W | time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: the name means \"smoky bay\" in Icelandic and refers to the steam from the hot springs in the area", "display": "name: Reykjavik", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "unitary parliamentary republic", "display": "unitary parliamentary republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law system influenced by the Danish model", "display": "civil law system influenced by the Danish model", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: several previous; latest ratified 16 June 1944, effective 17 June 1944 (at independence) | amendment process: proposed by the Althingi; passage requires approval by the Althingi and by the next elected Althingi, and confirmation by the president of the republic; proposed amendments to Article 62 of the constitution – that the Evangelical Lutheran Church shall be the state church of Iceland – also require passage by referendum", "display": "history: several previous; latest ratified 16 June 1944, effective 17 June 1944 (at independence)", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1944 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "64 municipalities ( sveitarfelog , singular - sveitarfelagidh ); Akranes, Akureyri, Arneshreppur, Asahreppur, Blaskogabyggdh, Bolungarvik, Borgarbyggdh, Dalabyggdh, Dalvikurbyggdh, Eyjafjardharsveit, Eyja-og Miklaholtshreppur, Fjallabyggdh, Fjardhabyggdh, Fljotsdalshreppur, Floahreppur, Gardhabaer, Grimsnes-og Grafningshreppur, Grindavikurbaer, Grundarfjardharbaer, Grytubakkahreppur, Hafnarfjordhur, Horgarsveit, Hrunamannahreppur, Hunathing Vestra, Hunabyggdh, Hvalfjardharsveit, Hveragerdhi, Isafjardharbaer, Kaldrananeshreppur, Kjosarhreppur, Kopavogur, Langanesbyggdh, Mosfellsbaer, Mulathing, Myrdalshreppur, Nordhurthing, Rangarthing Eystra, Rangarthing Ytra, Reykholahreppur, Reykjanesbaer, Reykjavik, Seltjarnarnes, Skaftarhreppur, Skagabyggdh, Skagafjordhur, Skeidha-og Gnupverjahreppur, Skorradalshreppur, Snaefellsbaer, Strandabyggdh, Stykkisholmur, Sudhavikurhreppur, Sudhurnesjabaer, Svalbardhsstrandarhreppur, Sveitarfelagidh Arborg, Sveitarfelagidh Hornafjordhur, Sveitarfelagidh Olfus, Sveitarfelagidh Skagastrond, Sveitarfelagidh Vogar, Talknafjardharhreppur, Thingeyjarsveit, Tjorneshreppur, Vestmannaeyjar, Vesturbyggdh, Vopnafjardharhreppur", "display": "64 municipalities ( sveitarfelog , singular - sveitarfelagidh ); Akranes, Akureyri, Arneshreppur, Asahreppur, Blaskogabyggdh, Bolungarvik, Borgarbyggdh, Dalabyggdh, Dalvikurbyggdh…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "Arctic Council, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, EAPC, EBRD, EFTA, FAO, FATF, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "Arctic Council, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, EAPC, EBRD, EFTA, FAO, FATF, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "high-income North Atlantic island economy; not an EU member but market integration via European Economic Area (EEA); dominant tourism, fishing, and aluminum industries vulnerable to demand swings and disruption from volcanic activity; inflation remains above target rate; barriers to foreign business access and economic diversification", "display": "high-income North Atlantic island economy; not an EU member but market integration via European Economic Area (EEA); dominant tourism, fishing, and aluminum industries vulnerable…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$26.561 billion (2024 est.) | $26.424 billion (2023 est.) | $25.012 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$26.561 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 26.561, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$65,600 (2024 est.) | $67,200 (2023 est.) | $65,500 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$65,600 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 65600.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "0.5% (2024 est.) | 5.6% (2023 est.) | 9% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "0.5% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "5.9% (2024 est.) | 8.7% (2023 est.) | 8.3% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "5.9% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.059000000000000004, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3.2% (2024 est.) | 3.6% (2023 est.) | 3.8% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "3.2% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.032, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "tourism, fish processing; aluminum smelting; geothermal power, hydropower; medical/pharmaceutical products", "display": "tourism, fish processing; aluminum smelting; geothermal power, hydropower; medical/pharmaceutical products", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "milk, chicken, lamb/mutton, barley, potatoes, pork, beef, eggs, other meats, cucumbers/gherkins (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "milk, chicken, lamb/mutton, barley, potatoes, pork, beef, eggs, other meats, cucumbers/gherkins (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "aluminum, fish, orthopedic appliances, animal meal, iron alloys (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "aluminum, fish, orthopedic appliances, animal meal, iron alloys (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, cars, carbon-based electronics, aluminum oxide, computers (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, cars, carbon-based electronics, aluminum oxide, computers (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 100% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 100% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 1.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 145,000 (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 37 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 145,000 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 145000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "hydroelectricity: 70.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | geothermal: 29.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "hydroelectricity: 70.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "82 (2025)", "display": "82 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 43 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 2 | small: 2 | very small: 17 | size unknown: 22 | ports with oil terminals: 5 | key ports: Grundartangi, Reykjavik, Seydhisfjordhur, Vestmannaeyjar", "display": "total ports: 43 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 39 (2023) | by type: general cargo 5, oil tanker 2, other 32", "display": "total: 39 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "water pollution from fertilizer runoff", "display": "water pollution from fertilizer runoff", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "3.101 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 376,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 2.725 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "3.101 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "170 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "170 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 80 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 198 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 300,000 cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 80 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Environmental Modification, Marine Life Conservation", "display": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/iceland.json" }, { "entity_id": "india", "name": "India", "source_code": "IN", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Asia", "roadmap_country": "India", "coverage_region": "Asia", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 159, "published_fact_count": 52, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 1419316933.0, "area_sq_km": 3287263.0, "capital": "New Delhi", "government_type": "federal parliamentary republic", "life_expectancy_years": 68.2, "urban_population_percent": 36.4, "internet_users_percent": 56.00000000000001, "electricity_access_percent": 99.2, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 9800.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "The Indus Valley civilization, one of the world's oldest, flourished during the 3rd and 2nd millennia B.C. and extended into northwestern India. Aryan tribes from the northwest infiltrated the Indian subcontinent about 1500 B.C.; their merger with the earlier Dravidian inhabitants created the classical Indian culture. The Maurya Empire of the 4th and 3rd centuries B.C. -- which reached its zenith under ASHOKA -- united much of South Asia. The Gupta dynasty (4th to 6th centuries A.D.) ushered in The Golden Age, which saw a flowering of Indian science, art, and culture. Islam spread across the subcontinent over a period of 700 years. In the 10th and 11th centuries, Turks and Afghans invaded India and established the Delhi Sultanate. In the early 16th century, the Emperor BABUR established the Mughal Dynasty, which ruled large sections of India for more than three centuries. European explorers began establishing footholds in India during the 16th century. | By the 19th century, Great Britain had become the dominant political power on the subcontinent, and India was seen as the \"Jewel in the Crown\" of the British Empire. The British Indian Army played a vital role in both World Wars. Years of nonviolent resistance to British rule, led by Mohandas GANDHI and Jawaharlal NEHRU, eventually resulted in Indian independence in 1947. Large-scale communal violence took place before and after the subcontinent partition into two separate states -- India and Pakistan. The neighboring countries have fought three wars since independence, the last of which was in 1971 and resulted in East Pakistan becoming the separate nation of Bangladesh. India's nuclear weapons tests in 1998 emboldened Pakistan to conduct its own tests that same year. In 2008, terrorists originating from Pakistan conducted a series of coordinated attacks in Mumbai, India's financial capital. India's economic growth after economic reforms in 1991, a massive youth population, and a strategic geographic location have contributed to the country's emergence as a regional and global power. However, India still faces pressing problems such as extensive poverty, widespread corruption, and environmental degradation, and its restrictive business climate challenges economic growth expectations.", "display": "The Indus Valley civilization, one of the world's oldest, flourished during the 3rd and 2nd millennia B.C. and extended into northwestern India. Aryan tribes from the northwest in…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1947 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southern Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, between Burma and Pakistan", "display": "Southern Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, between Burma and Pakistan", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Asia", "display": "Asia", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 3,287,263 sq km | land: 2,973,193 sq km | water: 314,070 sq km", "display": "total : 3,287,263 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 3287263.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "7,000 km", "display": "7,000 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "upland plain (Deccan Plateau) in south, flat to rolling plain along the Ganges, deserts in west, Himalayas in north", "display": "upland plain (Deccan Plateau) in south, flat to rolling plain along the Ganges, deserts in west, Himalayas in north", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "varies from tropical monsoon in south to temperate in north", "display": "varies from tropical monsoon in south to temperate in north", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Kanchenjunga 8,586 m | lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m | mean elevation: 160 m", "display": "highest point: Kanchenjunga 8,586 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "droughts; flash floods, as well as widespread and destructive flooding from monsoonal rains; severe thunderstorms; earthquakes | volcanism: Barren Island (354 m) in the Andaman Sea has been active in recent years", "display": "droughts; flash floods, as well as widespread and destructive flooding from monsoonal rains; severe thunderstorms; earthquakes", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "coal (fourth-largest reserves in the world), antimony, iron ore, lead, manganese, mica, bauxite, rare earth elements, titanium ore, chromite, natural gas, diamonds, petroleum, limestone, arable land", "display": "coal (fourth-largest reserves in the world), antimony, iron ore, lead, manganese, mica, bauxite, rare earth elements, titanium ore, chromite, natural gas, diamonds, petroleum, lim…", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "a very high population density exists throughout most of the country, with the notable exception of the deserts in the northwest and the mountain fringe in the north; the core of the population is in the north along the banks of the Ganges, with other river valleys and southern coastal areas also having large population concentrations", "display": "a very high population density exists throughout most of the country, with the notable exception of the deserts in the northwest and the mountain fringe in the north; the core of…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 1,419,316,933 (2025 est.) | male: 730,902,574 | female: 688,414,359", "display": "total: 1,419,316,933 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 1419316933.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.72% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.72% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0072, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 36.4% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 2.33% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 36.4% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Hindi 43.6%, Bengali 8%, Marathi 6.9%, Telugu 6.7%, Tamil 5.7%, Gujarati 4.6%, Urdu 4.2%, Kannada 3.6%, Odia 3.1%, Malayalam 2.9%, Punjabi 2.7%, Assamese 1.3%, Maithili 1.1%, other 5.6%; English is the subsidiary official language but is the most important one for national, political, and commercial communication (2011 est.) | major-language sample(s): विश्व फ़ैक्टबुक, आधारभूत जानकारी का एक अनिवार्य स्रोत (Hindi) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. | note 1: there are 22 other recognized languages -- Assamese, Bengali, Bodo, Dogri, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Maithili, Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Odia, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Santali, Sindhi, 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66.5 years | female: 70.1 years", "display": "total population: 68.2 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 68.2, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 30.1 years (2025 est.) | male: 29.1 years | female: 30.5 years", "display": "total: 30.1 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "32.941 million NEW DELHI (capital), 21.297 million Mumbai, 15.333 million Kolkata, 13.608 million Bangalore, 11.776 million Chennai, 10.801 million Hyderabad (2023)", "display": "32.941 million NEW DELHI (capital), 21.297 million Mumbai, 15.333 million Kolkata, 13.608 million Bangalore, 11.776 million Chennai, 10.801 million Hyderabad (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 81.7% (2023 est.) | male: 88.3% (2023 est.) | female: 74.9% (2023 est.)", "display": "total population: 81.7% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 13 years (2024 est.) | male: 13 years (2024 est.) | female: 13 years (2024 est.)", "display": "total: 13 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of India | conventional short form: India | local long form: Republic of India (English)/ Bharatiya Ganarajya (Hindi) | local short form: India (English)/ Bharat (Hindi) | etymology: the English name derives from the Indus River; the Indian name, Bharat, may derive from the Bharatas tribe mentioned in the Sanskrit Vedas (Hindu religious texts); the name is also associated with Emperor Bharata, the legendary conqueror of India", "display": "conventional long form: Republic of India", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: New Delhi | geographic coordinates: 28 36 N, 77 12 E | time difference: UTC+5.5 (10.5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: the name is of unknown origin; one theory says it may come from the Hindi word dehli (threshold), because of the city's location between the Indus and the Ganges Rivers", "display": "name: New Delhi", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "federal parliamentary republic", "display": "federal parliamentary republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "common law system based on the English model; separate personal law codes apply to Muslims, Christians, and Hindus; judicial review of legislative acts", "display": "common law system based on the English model; separate personal law codes apply to Muslims, Christians, and Hindus; judicial review of legislative acts", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: previous 1935 (pre-independence); latest draft completed 4 November 1949, adopted 26 November 1949, effective 26 January 1950 | amendment process: proposed by either the Council of States or the House of the People; passage requires majority participation of the total membership in each house and at least two-thirds majority of voting members of each house, followed by assent of the president of India; proposed amendments to the constitutional amendment procedures also must be ratified by at least one half of the India state legislatures before presidential assent", "display": "history: previous 1935 (pre-independence); latest draft completed 4 November 1949, adopted 26 November 1949, effective 26 January 1950", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1935 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "28 states and 8 union territories*; Andaman and Nicobar Islands*, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chandigarh*, Chhattisgarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu*, Delhi*, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir*, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Ladakh*, Lakshadweep*, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Odisha, Puducherry*, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal | note: the official name of Delhi is National Capital Territory of Delhi, even though it is considered a union territory", "display": "28 states and 8 union territories*; Andaman and Nicobar Islands*, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chandigarh*, Chhattisgarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ADB, AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council (observer), ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), BIMSTEC, BIS, BRICS, C, CD, CERN (observer), CICA, CP, EAS, FAO, FATF, G-15, G-20, G-24, G-5, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS (observer), MIGA, MINURSO, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, Pacific Alliance (observer), PCA, PIF (partner), Quad, SAARC, SACEP, SCO (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNITAR, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNOOSA, UNSOM, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ADB, AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council (observer), ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), BIMSTEC, BIS, BRICS, C, CD, CERN (observer), CICA, CP, EAS, FAO, FATF, G-15, G-20, G-24,…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "largest South Asian economy; strong, sustained GDP growth led by technology and service sectors, foreign investment, and improved regulatory framework; high poverty rate and income inequality; initiatives on infrastructure development, digitization, manufacturing, and financial access", "display": "largest South Asian economy; strong, sustained GDP growth led by technology and service sectors, foreign investment, and improved regulatory framework; high poverty rate and incom…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$14.244 trillion (2024 est.) | $13.377 trillion (2023 est.) | $12.251 trillion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$14.244 trillion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 14244.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$9,800 (2024 est.) | $9,300 (2023 est.) | $8,600 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$9,800 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 9800.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "6.5% (2024 est.) | 9.2% (2023 est.) | 7.6% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "6.5% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "5% (2024 est.) | 5.6% (2023 est.) | 6.7% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "5% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.05, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "4.3% (2024 est.) | 4.2% (2023 est.) | 4.9% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "4.3% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.043, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "textiles, chemicals, food processing, steel, transportation equipment, cement, mining, petroleum, machinery, software, pharmaceuticals", "display": "textiles, chemicals, food processing, steel, transportation equipment, cement, mining, petroleum, machinery, software, pharmaceuticals", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "sugarcane, rice, milk, wheat, bison milk, potatoes, vegetables, maize, bananas, onions (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "sugarcane, rice, milk, wheat, bison milk, potatoes, vegetables, maize, bananas, onions (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, packaged medicine, diamonds, broadcasting equipment, garments (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, packaged medicine, diamonds, broadcasting equipment, garments (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "crude petroleum, gold, coal, natural gas, integrated circuits (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "crude petroleum, gold, coal, natural gas, integrated circuits (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 56% (2022 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 56% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.56, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 39.3 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 2 (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 39.3 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 39300000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 99.2% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 100% | electrification - rural areas: 99.3%", "display": "electrification - total population: 99.2% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 75.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | nuclear: 2.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 6.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 5.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 8.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 1.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 75.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "25.179 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "25.179 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "315 (2025)", "display": "315 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 56 (2024) | large: 4 | medium: 4 | small: 13 | very small: 30 | size unknown: 5 | ports with oil terminals: 18 | key ports: Calcutta, Chennai (Madras), Jawaharlal Nehru Port (Nhava Shiva), Kattupalli Port, Kochi (Cochin), Mumbai (Bombay), New Mangalore, Vishakhapatnam", "display": "total ports: 56 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 65,554 km (2014) | narrow gauge: 1,604 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge | broad gauge: 63,950 km (2014) (39, 329 km electrified)", "display": "total: 65,554 km (2014)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2014 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 1,859 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 66, container ship 22, general cargo 607, oil tanker 144, other 1020", "display": "total: 1,859 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "deforestation; soil erosion; overgrazing; desertification; air pollution from industrial effluents and vehicle emissions; water pollution from raw sewage and agricultural pesticides; tap water not potable; growing population overstraining natural resources; biodiversity loss", "display": "deforestation; soil erosion; overgrazing; desertification; air pollution from industrial effluents and vehicle emissions; water pollution from raw sewage and agricultural pesticid…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "2.821 billion metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 2.054 billion metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 642.909 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 124.226 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "2.821 billion metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "1.911 trillion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "1.911 trillion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 56 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 17 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 688 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 56 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Pari…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/india.json" }, { "entity_id": "indian-ocean", "name": "Indian Ocean", "source_code": "XO", "source_entity_class": "global-or-ocean", "source_region": null, "roadmap_country": null, "coverage_region": null, "roadmap_status": "additional", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 18, "published_fact_count": 10, "available_lenses": [ "place", "institutions", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": null, "area_sq_km": null, "capital": null, "government_type": null, "life_expectancy_years": null, "urban_population_percent": null, "internet_users_percent": null, "electricity_access_percent": null, "gdp_per_capita_usd": null, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": null, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's five ocean basins (after the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Ocean, but larger than the Southern Ocean and Arctic Ocean). Four critically important access waterways are the Suez Canal (Egypt), Bab el Mandeb (Djibouti-Yemen), Strait of Hormuz (Iran-Oman), and Strait of Malacca (Indonesia-Malaysia). The International Hydrographic Organization decided in 2000 to delimit a fifth world ocean basin, the Southern Ocean, which removed the portion of the Indian Ocean south of 60 degrees south latitude.", "display": "The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's five ocean basins (after the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Ocean, but larger than the Southern Ocean and Arctic Ocean). Four crit…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2000 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "body of water between Africa, the Southern Ocean, Asia, and Australia", "display": "body of water between Africa, the Southern Ocean, Asia, and Australia", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 70.56 million sq km | note: includes Andaman Sea, Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, Great Australian Bight, Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman, Mozambique Channel, Persian Gulf, Red Sea, Savu Sea, Strait of Malacca, Timor Sea, and other tributary water bodies", "display": "total : 70.56 million sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "66,526 km", "display": "66,526 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "northeast monsoon (December to April), southwest monsoon (June to October); tropical cyclones occur during May/June and October/November in the northern Indian Ocean and January/February in the southern Indian Ocean", "display": "northeast monsoon (December to April), southwest monsoon (June to October); tropical cyclones occur during May/June and October/November in the northern Indian Ocean and January/F…", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: sea level | lowest point: Java Trench -7,192 m unnamed deep | mean depth: -3,741 m | ocean zones: the ocean is divided into three zones based on depth and light level; sunlight entering the water may travel about 1,000 m into the oceans under the right conditions, but there is rarely any significant light below 200 m | euphotic zone : the upper 200 m (656 ft) is also called \"sunlight\" zone; only a small amount of light penetrates beyond this depth | dysphotic zone : between 200 m (656 ft) and 1,000 m (3,280 ft), and also called the twilight zone; the intensity of light rapidly dissipates as depth increases, and photosynthesis is no longer possible | aphotic zone : below 1,000 m (3,280 ft) and also called the midnight zone; sunlight does not penetrate to these depths", "display": "highest point: sea level", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "occasional icebergs pose navigational hazard in southern reaches", "display": "occasional icebergs pose navigational hazard in southern reaches", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "oil and gas fields, fish, shrimp, sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules", "display": "oil and gas fields, fish, shrimp, sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "etymology: named for the country of India, which makes up much of its northern border", "display": "etymology: named for the country of India, which makes up much of its northern border", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "marine pollution from ocean dumping, improper waste disposal, and oil spills; oil pollution in Arabian Sea, Persian Gulf, and Red Sea; threats to coral reefs; loss of biodiversity; endangered marine species", "display": "marine pollution from ocean dumping, improper waste disposal, and oil spills; oil pollution in Arabian Sea, Persian Gulf, and Red Sea; threats to coral reefs; loss of biodiversity…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/indian-ocean.json" }, { "entity_id": "indonesia", "name": "Indonesia", "source_code": "ID", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Southeast Asia", "roadmap_country": "Indonesia", "coverage_region": "Asia", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 155, "published_fact_count": 52, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 283587097.0, "area_sq_km": 1904569.0, "capital": "Jakarta", "government_type": "presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 73.6, "urban_population_percent": 58.6, "internet_users_percent": 69.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 14500.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "The archipelago was once largely under the control of Buddhist and Hindu rulers. By around the 7th century, a Buddhist kingdom arose on Sumatra and expanded into Java and the Malay Peninsula until it was conquered in the late 13th century by the Hindu Majapahit Empire from Java. Majapahit (1290-1527) united most of modern-day Indonesia and Malaysia. Traders introduced Islam around the 11th century, and the religion gradually expanded over the next 500 years. The Portuguese conquered parts of Indonesia in the 16th century, but the Dutch ousted them (except in East Timor) and began colonizing the islands in the early 17th century. It would be the early 20th century before Dutch colonial rule was established across the entirety of what would become the boundaries of the modern Indonesian state. | Japan occupied the islands from 1942 to 1945. Indonesia declared its independence shortly before Japan's surrender, but it required four years of sometimes brutal fighting, intermittent negotiations, and UN mediation before the Netherlands agreed to transfer sovereignty in 1949. A period of sometimes unruly parliamentary democracy ended in 1957 when President SOEKARNO declared martial law and instituted \"Guided Democracy.\" After an abortive coup in 1965 by alleged communist sympathizers, SOEKARNO was gradually eased from power. From 1967 until 1998, President SUHARTO ruled Indonesia with his \"New Order\" government. After street protests toppled SUHARTO in 1998, free and fair legislative elections took place in 1999 while the country's first direct presidential election occurred in 2004. Indonesia has since become a robust democracy, holding four direct presidential elections, each considered by international observers to have been largely free and fair. | Indonesia is now the world's third-most-populous democracy and the world's largest Muslim-majority nation. It has had strong economic growth since overcoming the Asian financial crisis of the late 1990s. By the 2020s, it had the largest economy in Southeast Asia, and its economy ranked in the world's top 10 in terms of purchasing power parity. It has also made considerable gains in reducing poverty. Although relations amongst its diverse population--there are more than 300 ethnic groups--have been harmonious in the 2000s, there have been areas of sectarian discontent and violence, as well as instances of religious extremism and terrorism. A political settlement to an armed separatist conflict in Aceh was achieved in 2005, but a separatist group in Papua continued to conduct a low-intensity conflict as of 2024.", "display": "The archipelago was once largely under the control of Buddhist and Hindu rulers. By around the 7th century, a Buddhist kingdom arose on Sumatra and expanded into Java and the Mala…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1942 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southeastern Asia, archipelago between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean", "display": "Southeastern Asia, archipelago between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southeast Asia", "display": "Southeast Asia", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 1,904,569 sq km | land: 1,811,569 sq km | water: 93,000 sq km", "display": "total : 1,904,569 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 1904569.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "54,716 km", "display": "54,716 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly coastal lowlands; larger islands have interior mountains", "display": "mostly coastal lowlands; larger islands have interior mountains", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands", "display": "tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Puncak Jaya 4,884 m | lowest point: Indian/Pacific Oceans 0 m | mean elevation: 367 m", "display": "highest point: Puncak Jaya 4,884 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "occasional floods; severe droughts; tsunamis; earthquakes; volcanoes; forest fires | volcanism: Indonesia contains the most volcanoes of any country in the world, with over 75 historically active; significant volcanic activity occurs on Java, Sumatra, the Sunda Islands, Halmahera Island, Sulawesi Island, Sangihe Island, and in the Banda Sea; Merapi (2,968 m), Indonesia's most active volcano, has been deemed a Decade Volcano by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human populations; in 2018, a large explosion and flank collapse destroyed most of the island of Anak Krakatau (Child of Krakatau) and generated a deadly tsunami that left more than 400 dead; other notable historically active volcanoes include Agung, Awu, Karangetang, Krakatau (Krakatoa), Makian, Raung, Sinabung, and Tambora; see note 2 under \"Geography - note\"", "display": "occasional floods; severe droughts; tsunamis; earthquakes; volcanoes; forest fires", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "petroleum, tin, natural gas, nickel, timber, bauxite, copper, fertile soils, coal, gold, silver | note: Indonesia is the World's leading producer of nickel with an output of 1.6 million mt in 2022", "display": "petroleum, tin, natural gas, nickel, timber, bauxite, copper, fertile soils, coal, gold, silver", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "major concentration on the island of Java, which is considered one of the most densely populated places on earth; of the outer islands, Sumatra contains some of the most significant clusters, particularly in the south near the Selat Sunda and along the northeastern coast near Medan; the cities of Makasar (Sulawesi), Banjarmasin (Kalimantan) are also heavily populated", "display": "major concentration on the island of Java, which is considered one of the most densely populated places on earth; of the outer islands, Sumatra contains some of the most significa…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 283,587,097 (2025 est.) | male: 141,778,977 | female: 141,808,120", "display": "total: 283,587,097 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 283587097.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.7% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.7% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.006999999999999999, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 58.6% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 1.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 58.6% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Bahasa Indonesia (official, modified form of Malay), English, Dutch, local dialects (of which the most widely spoken is Javanese); note - more than 700 languages are used in Indonesia | major-language sample(s): | Fakta Dunia, sumber informasi dasar yang sangat diperlukan. (Indonesian) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Bahasa Indonesia (official, modified form of Malay), English, Dutch, local dialects (of which the most widely spoken is Javanese); note - more than 700 languages are used in Indon…", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Muslim 87.4%, Protestant 7.5%, Roman Catholic 3.1%, Hindu 1.7%, other 0.8% (includes Buddhist and Confucian) (2022 est.)", "display": "Muslim 87.4%, Protestant 7.5%, Roman Catholic 3.1%, Hindu 1.7%, other 0.8% (includes Buddhist and Confucian) (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 73.6 years (2024 est.) | male: 71.3 years | female: 76 years", "display": "total population: 73.6 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 73.6, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 31.8 years (2025 est.) | male: 30.8 years | female: 32.3 years", "display": "total: 31.8 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "11.249 million JAKARTA (capital), 3.729 million Bekasi, 3.044 million Surabaya, 3.041 million Depok, 2.674 million Bandung, 2.514 million Tangerang (2023)", "display": "11.249 million JAKARTA (capital), 3.729 million Bekasi, 3.044 million Surabaya, 3.041 million Depok, 2.674 million Bandung, 2.514 million Tangerang (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 96% (2020 est.) | male: 97.4% (2020 est.) | female: 94.6% (2020 est.)", "display": "total population: 96% (2020 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 13 years (2023 est.) | male: 13 years (2023 est.) | female: 13 years (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 13 years (2023 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Indonesia | conventional short form: Indonesia | local long form: Republik Indonesia | local short form: Indonesia | former: Netherlands East Indies (Dutch East Indies), Netherlands New Guinea | etymology: the name is an 18th-century construct of two Greek words, \"Indos\" (India) and \"nesoi\" (islands), meaning \"Indian islands\"", "display": "conventional long form: Republic of Indonesia", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Jakarta | geographic coordinates: 6 10 S, 106 49 E | time difference: UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | time zone note: Indonesia has three time zones | etymology: derives from the Sanscrit name Jayakarta, meaning \"victory and prosperity;\" Prince FATILLAH conquered and renamed the city, formerly known as Sunda Kelapa, in 1527 | note: in 2022, the relocation of the country’s capital was approved, from Jakarta to a site on the island of Borneo between Samarinda City and the port city of Balikpapan; Nusantara (\"archipelago\"), the new capital, was in development as of 2024 and is expected to be completed in 2045", "display": "name: Jakarta", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "presidential republic", "display": "presidential republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law system based on the Roman-Dutch model and influenced by customary law", "display": "civil law system based on the Roman-Dutch model and influenced by customary law", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: drafted July to August 1945, effective 18 August 1945, abrogated by 1949 and 1950 constitutions; 1945 constitution restored 5 July 1959 | amendment process: proposed by the People’s Consultative Assembly, with at least two thirds of its members present; passage requires simple majority vote by the Assembly membership; constitutional articles on the unitary form of the state cannot be amended", "display": "history: drafted July to August 1945, effective 18 August 1945, abrogated by 1949 and 1950 constitutions; 1945 constitution restored 5 July 1959", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1945 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "35 provinces ( provinsi-provinsi , singular - provinsi ), 1 autonomous province*, 1 special region** ( daerah istimewa ), and 1 national capital district*** ( daerah khusus ibukota ); Aceh*, Bali, Banten, Bengkulu, Gorontalo, Jakarta***, Jambi, Jawa Barat (West Java), Jawa Tengah (Central Java), Jawa Timur (East Java), Kalimantan Barat (West Kalimantan), Kalimantan Selatan (South Kalimantan), Kalimantan Tengah (Central Kalimantan), Kalimantan Timur (East Kalimantan), Kalimantan Utara (North Kalimantan), Kepulauan Bangka Belitung (Bangka Belitung Islands), Kepulauan Riau (Riau Islands), Lampung, Maluku, Maluku Utara (North Maluku), Nusa Tenggara Barat (West Nusa Tenggara), Nusa Tenggara Timur (East Nusa Tenggara), Papua, Papua Barat (West Papua), Papua Barat Daya (Southwest Papua), Papua Pegunungan (Papua Highlands), Papua Selatan (South Papua), Papua Tengah (Central Papua), Riau, Sulawesi Barat (West Sulawesi), Sulawesi Selatan (South Sulawesi), Sulawesi Tengah (Central Sulawesi), Sulawesi Tenggara (Southeast Sulawesi), Sulawesi Utara (North Sulawesi), Sumatera Barat (West Sumatra), Sumatera Selatan (South Sumatra), Sumatera Utara (North Sumatra), Yogyakarta**", "display": "35 provinces ( provinsi-provinsi , singular - provinsi ), 1 autonomous province*, 1 special region** ( daerah istimewa ), and 1 national capital district*** ( daerah khusus ibukot…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ADB, APEC, ARF, ASEAN, BIS, CD, CICA (observer), CP, D-8, EAS, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-11, G-15, G-20, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IORA, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, MSG (associate member), NAM, OECD (enhanced engagement), OIC, OPCW, PIF (partner), UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ADB, APEC, ARF, ASEAN, BIS, CD, CICA (observer), CP, D-8, EAS, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-11, G-15, G-20, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB,…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "upper middle-income, largest and growing Southeast Asian economy; higher lending rates to moderate inflation; ongoing relocation of capital fueling infrastructure projects; major tourism sector prompting green economy goals", "display": "upper middle-income, largest and growing Southeast Asian economy; higher lending rates to moderate inflation; ongoing relocation of capital fueling infrastructure projects; major…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$4.102 trillion (2024 est.) | $3.906 trillion (2023 est.) | $3.718 trillion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$4.102 trillion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 4102.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$14,500 (2024 est.) | $13,900 (2023 est.) | $13,300 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$14,500 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 14500.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "5% (2024 est.) | 5% (2023 est.) | 5.3% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "5% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3.7% (2023 est.) | 4.2% (2022 est.) | 1.6% (2021 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "3.7% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.037000000000000005, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3.3% (2024 est.) | 3.4% (2023 est.) | 3.5% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "3.3% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.033, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "petroleum and natural gas, textiles, automotive, electrical appliances, apparel, footwear, mining, cement, medical instruments and appliances, handicrafts, chemical fertilizers, plywood, rubber, processed food, jewelry, and tourism", "display": "petroleum and natural gas, textiles, automotive, electrical appliances, apparel, footwear, mining, cement, medical instruments and appliances, handicrafts, chemical fertilizers, p…", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "oil palm fruit, rice, sugarcane, maize, coconuts, cassava, bananas, eggs, chicken, mangoes/guavas (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "oil palm fruit, rice, sugarcane, maize, coconuts, cassava, bananas, eggs, chicken, mangoes/guavas (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "coal, palm oil, iron alloys, lignite, garments (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "coal, palm oil, iron alloys, lignite, garments (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, crude petroleum, plastics, vehicle parts/accessories, integrated circuits (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, crude petroleum, plastics, vehicle parts/accessories, integrated circuits (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 69% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 69% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.69, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 13.5 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 5 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 13.5 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 13500000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 100% | electrification - rural areas: 98.2%", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 82% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 6.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | geothermal: 4.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 6.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 82% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "37.39 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "37.39 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "556 (2025)", "display": "556 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 123 (2024) | large: 3 | medium: 6 | small: 18 | very small: 96 | ports with oil terminals: 79 | key ports: Belawan, Cilacap, Dumai, Jakarta, Kasim Terminal, Merak Mas Terminal, Palembang, Surabaya, Ujung Pandang", "display": "total ports: 123 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 8,159 km (2014) | narrow gauge: 8,159 km (2014) 1.067-m gauge (565 km electrified) | note: 4,816 km operational", "display": "total: 8,159 km (2014)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2014 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 11,422 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 160, container ship 219, general cargo 2,347, oil tanker 714, other 7,982", "display": "total: 11,422 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "large-scale deforestation (much of it illegal) and related wildfires cause heavy smog; over-exploitation of marine resources; air pollution from vehicle emissions; waste disposal; water pollution from industrial wastes, sewage", "display": "large-scale deforestation (much of it illegal) and related wildfires cause heavy smog; over-exploitation of marine resources; air pollution from vehicle emissions; waste disposal;…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "829.655 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 527.923 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 223.352 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 78.38 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "829.655 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "2.019 trillion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "2.019 trillion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 23.8 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 9.135 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 189.7 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 23.8 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardo…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/indonesia.json" }, { "entity_id": "iran", "name": "Iran", "source_code": "IR", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Middle East", "roadmap_country": "Iran", "coverage_region": "Asia", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 152, "published_fact_count": 52, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 89177357.0, "area_sq_km": 1648195.0, "capital": "Tehran", "government_type": "theocratic republic", "life_expectancy_years": 75.6, "urban_population_percent": 77.3, "internet_users_percent": 80.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 16200.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Known as Persia until 1935, Iran became an Islamic republic in 1979 after the ruling monarchy was overthrown and Shah Mohammad Reza PAHLAVI was forced into exile. Conservative clerical forces led by Ayatollah Ruhollah KHOMEINI established a theocratic system of government with ultimate political authority vested in a religious scholar known as the Supreme Leader, who is accountable only to the Assembly of Experts -- an elected 88-member body of clerics. US-Iran relations became strained when Iranian students seized the US Embassy in Tehran in November 1979 and held embassy personnel hostage until mid-January 1981. The US cut off diplomatic relations with Iran in April 1980. From 1980 to 1988, Iran fought a bloody, indecisive war with Iraq that eventually expanded into the Persian Gulf and led to clashes between US Navy and Iranian military forces. Iran has been designated a state sponsor of terrorism since 1984. | After the election of reformer Hojjat ol-Eslam Mohammad KHATAMI as president in 1997 and a reformist Majles (legislature) in 2000, a political reform campaign in response to popular dissatisfaction was initiated, but conservative politicians blocked reform measures while increasing repression. Municipal and legislative elections in 2003 and 2004 saw conservatives reestablish control over Iran's elected government institutions, culminating in the 2005 inauguration of hardliner Mahmud AHMADI-NEJAD as president. His reelection in 2009 sparked nationwide protests over allegations of electoral fraud, and the protests persisted until 2011. In 2013, Iranians elected to the presidency centrist cleric Dr. Hasan Fereidun RUHANI, a longtime senior regime member who promised to reform society and foreign policy. In 2019, Tehran's sudden decision to increase the gasoline price sparked nationwide protests, which the regime violently suppressed. Conservatives won the majority in Majles elections in 2020, and hardline cleric Ebrahim RAISI was elected president in 2021, resulting in a conservative monopoly across the regime's elected and unelected institutions. | Iran continues to be subject to a range of international sanctions and export controls because of its involvement in terrorism, weapons proliferation, human rights abuses, and concerns over the nature of its nuclear program. Iran received nuclear-related sanctions relief in exchange for nuclear concessions under the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action's (JCPOA) Implementation Day beginning in 2016. However, the US reimposed nuclear-related sanctions on Iran after it unilaterally terminated its JCPOA participation in 2018. In October 2023, the EU and the UK also decided to maintain nuclear-proliferation-related measures on Iran, as well as arms and missile embargoes, in response to Iran's non-compliance with its JCPOA commitments. | As president, RAISI has concentrated on deepening Iran's foreign relations with anti-US states -- particularly China and Russia -- to weather US sanctions and diplomatic pressure, while supporting negotiations to restore a nuclear deal that began in 2021. RAISI contended with nationwide protests that began in September 2022 and persisted for over three months after the death of a Kurdish Iranian woman, Mahsa AMINI, in morality police custody. Young people and women led the protests, and demands focused on regime change.", "display": "Known as Persia until 1935, Iran became an Islamic republic in 1979 after the ruling monarchy was overthrown and Shah Mohammad Reza PAHLAVI was forced into exile. Conservative cle…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1935 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Middle East, bordering the Gulf of Oman, the Persian Gulf, and the Caspian Sea, between Iraq and Pakistan", "display": "Middle East, bordering the Gulf of Oman, the Persian Gulf, and the Caspian Sea, between Iraq and Pakistan", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Middle East", "display": "Middle East", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 1,648,195 sq km | land: 1,531,595 sq km | water: 116,600 sq km", "display": "total : 1,648,195 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 1648195.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "2,440 km | note: Iran also borders the Caspian Sea (740 km)", "display": "2,440 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "rugged, mountainous rim; high, central basin with deserts, mountains; small, discontinuous plains along both coasts", "display": "rugged, mountainous rim; high, central basin with deserts, mountains; small, discontinuous plains along both coasts", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly arid or semiarid, subtropical along Caspian coast", "display": "mostly arid or semiarid, subtropical along Caspian coast", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Kuh-e Damavand 5,625 m | lowest point: Caspian Sea -28 m | mean elevation: 1,305 m", "display": "highest point: Kuh-e Damavand 5,625 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "periodic droughts, floods; dust storms, sandstorms; earthquakes", "display": "periodic droughts, floods; dust storms, sandstorms; earthquakes", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "petroleum, natural gas, coal, chromium, copper, iron ore, lead, manganese, zinc, sulfur", "display": "petroleum, natural gas, coal, chromium, copper, iron ore, lead, manganese, zinc, sulfur", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "population is concentrated in the north, northwest, and west, reflecting the position of the Zagros and Elburz Mountains; the vast, dry areas in the center and eastern parts of the country, around the deserts of the Dasht-e Kavir and Dasht-e Lut, have a much lower population density", "display": "population is concentrated in the north, northwest, and west, reflecting the position of the Zagros and Elburz Mountains; the vast, dry areas in the center and eastern parts of th…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 89,177,357 (2025 est.) | male: 45,098,223 | female: 44,079,134", "display": "total: 89,177,357 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 89177357.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "-0.87% (2025 est.)", "display": "-0.87% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": -0.0087, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 77.3% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 1.32% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 77.3% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Persian Farsi (official), Azeri and other Turkic dialects, Kurdish, Gilaki and Mazandarani, Luri, Balochi, Arabic | major-language sample(s): | چکیده نامه جهان، منبعی ضروری برای کسب اطلاعات کلی جهان (Persian) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Persian Farsi (official), Azeri and other Turkic dialects, Kurdish, Gilaki and Mazandarani, Luri, Balochi, Arabic", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Muslim (official) 98.5%, Christian 0.7%, Baha'i 0.3%, agnostic 0.3%, other (includes Zoroastrian, Jewish, Hindu) 0.2% (2020 est.)", "display": "Muslim (official) 98.5%, Christian 0.7%, Baha'i 0.3%, agnostic 0.3%, other (includes Zoroastrian, Jewish, Hindu) 0.2% (2020 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 75.6 years (2024 est.) | male: 74.3 years | female: 77.1 years", "display": "total population: 75.6 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 75.6, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 35.2 years (2025 est.) | male: 33.6 years | female: 34.1 years", "display": "total: 35.2 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "9.500 million TEHRAN (capital), 3.368 million Mashhad, 2.258 million Esfahan, 1.721 million Shiraz, 1.661 million Tabriz, 1.594 million Karaj (2023)", "display": "9.500 million TEHRAN (capital), 3.368 million Mashhad, 2.258 million Esfahan, 1.721 million Shiraz, 1.661 million Tabriz, 1.594 million Karaj (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 86% (2016 est.) | male: 90% (2016 est.) | female: 81% (2016 est.)", "display": "total population: 86% (2016 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2016 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 14 years (2020 est.) | male: 14 years (2020 est.) | female: 14 years (2020 est.)", "display": "total: 14 years (2020 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Islamic Republic of Iran | conventional short form: Iran | local long form: Jomhuri-ye Eslami-ye Iran | local short form: Iran | former: Persia | etymology: the name derives from the Sanskrit word arya , referring to people living in a mountainous land, from the root word ar -, or \"mountain;\" the former name, Persia, was originally \"Pars\" (or the Arabic-influenced variant \"Fars\") from the Old Persian parsi , meaning \"pure\"", "display": "conventional long form: Islamic Republic of Iran", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Tehran | geographic coordinates: 35 42 N, 51 25 E | time difference: UTC+3.5 (8.5 hours ahead of Washington, DC) | daylight saving time: does not observe daylight savings time | etymology: the name probably means \"flat\" or \"lower,\" referring to its location in the foothills of the Elburz Mountains", "display": "name: Tehran", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "theocratic republic", "display": "theocratic republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "religious system based on secular and Islamic law", "display": "religious system based on secular and Islamic law", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: previous 1906; latest adopted 24 October 1979, effective 3 December 1979 | amendment process: proposed by the supreme leader – after consultation with the Exigency Council – and submitted as an edict to the \"Council for Revision of the Constitution,\" a body consisting of various executive, legislative, judicial, and academic leaders and members; passage requires absolute majority vote in a referendum and approval of the supreme leader; articles including Iran’s political system, its religious basis, and its form of government cannot be amended", "display": "history: previous 1906; latest adopted 24 October 1979, effective 3 December 1979", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1906 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "31 provinces ( ostanha , singular - ostan ); Alborz, Ardabil, Azarbayjan-e Gharbi (West Azerbaijan), Azarbayjan-e Sharqi (East Azerbaijan), Bushehr, Chahar Mahal va Bakhtiari, Esfahan, Fars, Gilan, Golestan, Hamadan, Hormozgan, Ilam, Kerman, Kermanshah, Khorasan-e Jonubi (South Khorasan), Khorasan-e Razavi (Razavi Khorasan), Khorasan-e Shomali (North Khorasan), Khuzestan, Kohgiluyeh va Bowyer Ahmad, Kordestan, Lorestan, Markazi, Mazandaran, Qazvin, Qom, Semnan, Sistan va Baluchestan, Tehran, Yazd, Zanjan", "display": "31 provinces ( ostanha , singular - ostan ); Alborz, Ardabil, Azarbayjan-e Gharbi (West Azerbaijan), Azarbayjan-e Sharqi (East Azerbaijan), Bushehr, Chahar Mahal va Bakhtiari, Esf…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "BRICS, CICA, CP, D-8, ECO, FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, SAARC (observer), SCO (observer), UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)", "display": "BRICS, CICA, CP, D-8, ECO, FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU,…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "traditionally state-controlled economy but reforming state-owned financial entities; strong oil/gas, agricultural, and service sectors; recent massive inflation due to exchange rate depreciation, international sanctions, and investor uncertainty; increasing poverty", "display": "traditionally state-controlled economy but reforming state-owned financial entities; strong oil/gas, agricultural, and service sectors; recent massive inflation due to exchange ra…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$1.486 trillion (2024 est.) | $1.442 trillion (2023 est.) | $1.373 trillion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$1.486 trillion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 1486.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$16,200 (2024 est.) | $15,900 (2023 est.) | $15,300 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$16,200 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 16200.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3% (2024 est.) | 5% (2023 est.) | 3.8% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "3% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "32.5% (2024 est.) | 44.6% (2023 est.) | 43.5% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "32.5% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.325, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "9.2% (2024 est.) | 9.1% (2023 est.) | 9.1% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "9.2% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.092, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "petroleum, petrochemicals, gas, fertilizer, caustic soda, 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"Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "plastics, iron ore, alcohols, natural gas, refined copper (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "plastics, iron ore, alcohols, natural gas, refined copper (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "broadcasting equipment, vehicle parts/accessories, corn, soybeans, vehicle bodies (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "broadcasting equipment, vehicle parts/accessories, corn, soybeans, vehicle bodies (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 80% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 80% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.8, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 10.9 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 12 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 10.9 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 10900000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 94.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | nuclear: 1.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 3.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 94.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "160.779 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "160.779 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "177 (2025)", "display": "177 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 18 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 4 | small: 6 | very small: 8 | ports with oil terminals: 13 | key ports: Abadan, Bandar Abbas, Bushehr, Khorramshahr", "display": "total ports: 18 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 8,483.5 km (2014) | standard gauge: 8,389.5 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge (189.5 km electrified) | broad gauge: 94 km (2014) 1.676-m gauge", "display": "total: 8,483.5 km (2014)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2014 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 965 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 32, container ship 28, general cargo 398, oil tanker 86, other 421", "display": "total: 965 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "air pollution, especially in urban areas, from vehicle emissions, refinery operations, and industrial effluents; deforestation; overgrazing; desertification; oil pollution in the Persian Gulf; wetland losses from drought; soil degradation (salination); inadequate potable water; water pollution from raw sewage and industrial waste", "display": "air pollution, especially in urban areas, from vehicle emissions, refinery operations, and industrial effluents; deforestation; overgrazing; desertification; oil pollution in the…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "823.364 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 7.136 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 316.922 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 499.306 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "823.364 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "137 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "137 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 6.2 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 1.1 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 86 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 6.2 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-Lond…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/iran.json" }, { "entity_id": "iraq", "name": "Iraq", "source_code": "IQ", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Middle East", "roadmap_country": "Iraq", "coverage_region": "Asia", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 148, "published_fact_count": 51, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 42917742.0, "area_sq_km": 438317.0, "capital": "Baghdad", "government_type": "federal parliamentary republic", "life_expectancy_years": 73.7, "urban_population_percent": 71.6, "internet_users_percent": 82.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 12700.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Formerly part of the Ottoman Empire, Iraq was occupied by the United Kingdom during World War I and was declared a League of Nations mandate under UK administration in 1920. Iraq attained its independence as a kingdom in 1932. It was proclaimed a republic in 1958 after a coup overthrew the monarchy, but in actuality, a series of strongmen ruled the country until 2003. The last was SADDAM Hussein, from 1979 to 2003. Territorial disputes with Iran led to an inconclusive and costly war from 1980 to 1988. In 1990, Iraq seized Kuwait but was expelled by US-led UN coalition forces during the two-month-long Gulf War of 1991. After Iraq's expulsion, the UN Security Council (UNSC) required Iraq to scrap all weapons of mass destruction and long-range missiles and to allow UN verification inspections. Continued Iraqi noncompliance with UNSC resolutions led to the Second Gulf War in 2003, when US-led forces ousted the SADDAM regime. | In 2005, Iraqis approved a constitution in a national referendum and elected a 275-member Council of Representatives (COR). The COR approved most of the cabinet ministers, marking the transition to Iraq's first constitutional government in nearly a half-century. Iraq's constitution also established the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG), a semi-autonomous region that administers the governorates of Erbil, Dahuk, and As Sulaymaniyah. Iraq has held four national legislative elections since 2006, most recently in 2021. The COR approved Mohammad Shia' al-SUDANI as prime minister in 2022. Iraq has repeatedly postponed elections for provincial councils -- last held in 2013 -- and since 2019, the prime minister has had the authority to appoint governors rather than provincial councils. | Between 2014 and 2017, Iraq fought a military campaign against the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) to recapture territory the group seized in 2014. In 2017, then-Prime Minister Haydar al-ABADI publicly declared victory against ISIS, although military operations against the group continue in rural areas. Also in 2017, Baghdad forcefully seized disputed territories across central and northern Iraq from the KRG, after a non-binding Kurdish independence referendum.", "display": "Formerly part of the Ottoman Empire, Iraq was occupied by the United Kingdom during World War I and was declared a League of Nations mandate under UK administration in 1920. Iraq…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1920 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Middle East, bordering the Persian Gulf, between Iran and Kuwait", "display": "Middle East, bordering the Persian Gulf, between Iran and Kuwait", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Middle East", "display": "Middle East", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 438,317 sq km | land: 437,367 sq km | water: 950 sq km", "display": "total : 438,317 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 438317.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "58 km", "display": "58 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly broad plains; reedy marshes along Iranian border in south with large flooded areas; mountains along borders with Iran and Turkey", "display": "mostly broad plains; reedy marshes along Iranian border in south with large flooded areas; mountains along borders with Iran and Turkey", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly desert; mild to cool winters with dry, hot, cloudless summers; northern mountainous regions along Iranian and Turkish borders experience cold winters with occasionally heavy snows that melt in early spring, sometimes causing extensive flooding in central and southern Iraq", "display": "mostly desert; mild to cool winters with dry, hot, cloudless summers; northern mountainous regions along Iranian and Turkish borders experience cold winters with occasionally heav…", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Cheekha Dar (Kurdish for \"Black Tent\") 3,611 m | lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m | mean elevation: 312 m", "display": "highest point: Cheekha Dar (Kurdish for \"Black Tent\") 3,611 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "dust storms; sandstorms; floods", "display": "dust storms; sandstorms; floods", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "petroleum, natural gas, phosphates, sulfur", "display": "petroleum, natural gas, phosphates, sulfur", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "population is concentrated in the north, center, and eastern parts of the country, with many of the larger urban agglomerations found along extensive parts of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers; much of the western and southern areas are either lightly populated or uninhabited", "display": "population is concentrated in the north, center, and eastern parts of the country, with many of the larger urban agglomerations found along extensive parts of the Tigris and Euphr…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 42,917,742 (2025 est.) | male: 21,614,894 | female: 21,302,848", "display": "total: 42,917,742 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 42917742.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.94% (2025 est.)", "display": "1.94% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0194, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 71.6% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 2.91% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 71.6% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Arabic (official), Kurdish (official); Turkmen (a Turkish dialect) and Syriac (Neo-Aramaic) are recognized as official languages where native speakers of these languages are present | major-language sample(s): | كتاب حقائق العالم، أحسن مصدر للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic) | ڕاستییەکانی جیهان، باشترین سەرچاوەیە بۆ زانیارییە بنەڕەتییەکان (Kurdish) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Arabic (official), Kurdish (official); Turkmen (a Turkish dialect) and Syriac (Neo-Aramaic) are recognized as official languages where native speakers of these languages are prese…", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Muslim (official) 95-98% (Shia 61-64%, Sunni 29-34%), Christian 1% (includes Catholic, Orthodox, Protestant, Assyrian Church of the East), other 1-4% (2015 est.) | note: the last census in Iraq was in 1997; while there has been voluntary relocation of many Christian families to northern Iraq, the overall Christian population has decreased at least 50% and perhaps as much as 90% since 2003, according to US Embassy estimates, with many fleeing to Syria, Jordan, and Lebanon", "display": "Muslim (official) 95-98% (Shia 61-64%, Sunni 29-34%), Christian 1% (includes Catholic, Orthodox, Protestant, Assyrian Church of the East), other 1-4% (2015 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2015 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 73.7 years (2024 est.) | male: 71.9 years | female: 75.7 years", "display": "total population: 73.7 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 73.7, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 22.7 years (2025 est.) | male: 22 years | female: 22.7 years", "display": "total: 22.7 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "7.711 million BAGHDAD (capital), 1.792 million Mosul, 1.448 million Basra, 1.075 million Kirkuk, 958,000 Najaf, 897,000 Erbil (2023)", "display": "7.711 million BAGHDAD (capital), 1.792 million Mosul, 1.448 million Basra, 1.075 million Kirkuk, 958,000 Najaf, 897,000 Erbil (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 84.1% (2021 est.) | male: 90.3% (2021 est.) | female: 77.8% (2021 est.)", "display": "total population: 84.1% (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Iraq | conventional short form: Iraq | local long form: Jumhuriyat al-Iraq/Komar-i Eraq | local short form: Al Iraq/Eraq | former: Mesopotamia, Mandatory Iraq, Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq | etymology: the name probably derives from Uruk (\"Erech\" in Aramaic), the ancient Sumerian and Babylonian city on the Euphrates River", "display": "conventional long form: Republic of Iraq", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Baghdad | geographic coordinates: 33 20 N, 44 24 E | time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: the origin of the name is unclear; it may mean \"gift of God,\" from the pre-Islamic words bagh (god) and dad (given)", "display": "name: Baghdad", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "federal parliamentary republic", "display": "federal parliamentary republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "mixed system of civil and Islamic law", "display": "mixed system of civil and Islamic law", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: several previous; latest adopted by referendum 15 October 2005 | amendment process: proposed by the president of the republic and the Council of Minsters collectively, or by one fifth of the Council of Representatives members; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Council of Representatives, approval by referendum, and ratification by the president; passage of amendments to articles on citizen rights and liberties requires two-thirds majority vote of Council of Representatives members after two successive electoral terms, approval in a referendum, and ratification by the president", "display": "history: several previous; latest adopted by referendum 15 October 2005", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2005 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "19 governorates ( muhafazat , singular - muhafazah (Arabic); parezgakan, singular - parezga (Kurdish)); 'Al Anbar; Al Basrah; Al Muthanna; Al Qadisiyah (Ad Diwaniyah); An Najaf; Arbil (Erbil) (Arabic), Halabjah; Hewler (Kurdish); As Sulaymaniyah (Arabic), Slemani (Kurdish); Babil; Baghdad; Dahuk (Arabic), Dihok (Kurdish); Dhi Qar; Diyala; Karbala'; Kirkuk; Maysan; Ninawa; Salah ad Din; Wasit | note: Iraq's Kurdistan Regional Government administers Arbil, Dahuk, and As Sulaymaniyah (as Hewler, Dihok, and Slemani, respectively)", "display": "19 governorates ( muhafazat , singular - muhafazah (Arabic); parezgakan, singular - parezga (Kurdish)); 'Al Anbar; Al Basrah; Al Muthanna; Al Qadisiyah (Ad Diwaniyah); An Najaf; A…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ABEDA, AFESD, AIIB, AMF, CAEU, CICA, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)", "display": "ABEDA, AFESD, AIIB, AMF, CAEU, CICA, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISO, ITSO, I…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "highly oil-dependent Middle Eastern economy; fiscal sustainability subject to fluctuation in oil prices; rising public confidence in economic conditions; import-dependent for most sectors; persistent challenges of corruption, informal markets, banking access, and political fragility", "display": "highly oil-dependent Middle Eastern economy; fiscal sustainability subject to fluctuation in oil prices; rising public confidence in economic conditions; import-dependent for most…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$585.887 billion (2024 est.) | $595.082 billion (2023 est.) | $592.017 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$585.887 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 585.887, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$12,700 (2024 est.) | $13,200 (2023 est.) | $13,400 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$12,700 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 12700.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "-1.5% (2024 est.) | 0.5% (2023 est.) | 8% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "-1.5% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "4.4% (2023 est.) | 5% (2022 est.) | 6% (2021 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "4.4% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.044000000000000004, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "15.6% (2024 est.) | 15.5% (2023 est.) | 15.6% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "15.6% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.156, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": 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refined petroleum, petroleum coke, gold, natural gas (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "crude petroleum, refined petroleum, petroleum coke, gold, natural gas (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, cars, broadcasting equipment, jewelry, gold (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, cars, broadcasting equipment, jewelry, gold (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 82% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 82% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.82, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 7.77 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 17 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 7.77 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 7770000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 98.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 0.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 0.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 98.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "64.311 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "64.311 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "73 (2025)", "display": "73 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 6 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 1 | small: 1 | very small: 4 | ports with oil terminals: 3 | key ports: Al Basrah, Al-Basra Oil Terminal, Khawr Al Amaya, Khawr Al Zubair, Umm Qasr", "display": "total ports: 6 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 2,272 km (2014) | standard gauge: 2,272 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge", "display": "total: 2,272 km (2014)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2014 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 74 (2023) | by type: general cargo 1, oil tanker 6, other 67", "display": "total: 74 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "habitat loss from wetland draining; inadequate potable water; soil degradation (salination) and erosion; desertification; air, soil, and groundwater pollution from military and industries; water pollution from oil refineries and factory and sewage discharges; soil pollution from fertilizer and chemicals; air pollution in urban areas", "display": "habitat loss from wetland draining; inadequate potable water; soil degradation (salination) and erosion; desertification; air, soil, and groundwater pollution from military and in…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "190.815 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 7,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 152.931 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 37.878 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "190.815 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "89.86 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "89.86 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 6.735 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 4.52 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 31.169 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 6.735 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Environmental Modification", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nucle…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/iraq.json" }, { "entity_id": "ireland", "name": "Ireland", "source_code": "IE", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Europe", "roadmap_country": "Ireland", "coverage_region": "Europe", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 147, "published_fact_count": 51, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 5233461.0, "area_sq_km": 70273.0, "capital": "Dublin", "government_type": "parliamentary republic", "life_expectancy_years": 82.0, "urban_population_percent": 64.5, "internet_users_percent": 97.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 115300.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Celtic tribes arrived in Ireland between 600 and 150 B.C. Norse invasions that began in the late 8th century finally ended when King Brian BORU defeated the Danes in 1014. Norman invasions began in the 12th century and set off more than seven centuries of Anglo-Irish struggle marked by fierce rebellions and harsh repressions. The Irish famine of the mid-19th century caused an almost 25-percent decline in the island's population through starvation, disease, and emigration. The population of the island continued to fall until the 1960s, but over the last 50 years, Ireland's high birthrate has made it demographically one of the youngest populations in the EU. | The modern Irish state traces its origins to the failed 1916 Easter Monday Uprising that galvanized nationalist sentiment. The ensuing guerrilla war led to independence from the UK in 1921 with the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty and the creation of the Irish Free State. The treaty was deeply controversial in Ireland, in part because it helped solidify the country's partition, with six of the 32 counties remaining in the UK as Northern Ireland. The split between pro-Treaty and anti-Treaty partisans led to the Irish Civil War (1922-23). The traditionally dominant political parties in Ireland, Fine Gael and Fianna Fail, are de facto descendants of the opposing sides of the treaty debate. Ireland declared itself a republic in 1949 and formally left the British Dominion. | Beginning in the 1960s, deep sectarian divides between the Catholic and Protestant populations and systemic discrimination in Northern Ireland erupted into years of violence known as the Troubles. In 1998, the governments of Ireland and the UK, along with most political parties in Northern Ireland, reached the Belfast/Good Friday Agreement with the support of the US. This agreement helped end the Troubles and initiated a new phase of cooperation between the Irish and British Governments. | Ireland was neutral in World War II and continues its policy of military neutrality. Ireland joined the European Community in 1973 and the euro-zone currency union in 1999. The economic boom years of the Celtic Tiger (1995-2007) saw rapid economic growth that came to an abrupt end in 2008 with the meltdown of the Irish banking system. As a small, open economy, Ireland has excelled at courting foreign direct investment, especially from US multi-nationals, which has helped the economy recover from the financial crisis and insulated it somewhat from the economic shocks of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "display": "Celtic tribes arrived in Ireland between 600 and 150 B.C. Norse invasions that began in the late 8th century finally ended when King Brian BORU defeated the Danes in 1014. Norman…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1916 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Western Europe, occupying five-sixths of the island of Ireland in the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Great Britain", "display": "Western Europe, occupying five-sixths of the island of Ireland in the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Great Britain", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Europe", "display": "Europe", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 70,273 sq km | land: 68,883 sq km | water: 1,390 sq km", "display": "total : 70,273 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 70273.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "1,448 km", "display": "1,448 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly flat to rolling interior plain surrounded by rugged hills and low mountains; sea cliffs on west coast", "display": "mostly flat to rolling interior plain surrounded by rugged hills and low mountains; sea cliffs on west coast", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "temperate maritime; modified by North Atlantic Current; mild winters, cool summers; consistently humid; overcast about half the time", "display": "temperate maritime; modified by North Atlantic Current; mild winters, cool summers; consistently humid; overcast about half the time", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Carrauntoohil 1,041 m | lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m | mean elevation: 118 m", "display": "highest point: Carrauntoohil 1,041 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "rare extreme weather events", "display": "rare extreme weather events", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "natural gas, peat, copper, lead, zinc, silver, barite, gypsum, limestone, dolomite", "display": "natural gas, peat, copper, lead, zinc, silver, barite, gypsum, limestone, dolomite", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "population distribution is weighted to the eastern side of the island, with the largest concentration in and around Dublin; populations in the west are small due to mountainous land, poorer soil, and lack of transport routes", "display": "population distribution is weighted to the eastern side of the island, with the largest concentration in and around Dublin; populations in the west are small due to mountainous la…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 5,233,461 (2024 est.) | male: 2,590,542 | female: 2,642,919", "display": "total: 5,233,461 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 5233461.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.8% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.8% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.008, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 64.5% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 1.15% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 64.5% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "English (official, the language generally used), Irish (Gaelic or Gaeilge) (official, spoken by approximately 37.7% of the population)", "display": "English (official, the language generally used), Irish (Gaelic or Gaeilge) (official, spoken by approximately 37.7% of the population)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Roman Catholic 69.2% (includes lapsed), Protestant 3.7% (Church of Ireland/England/Anglican/Episcopalian 2.5%, other Protestant 1.2%), Orthodox 2%, other Christian 0.9%, Muslim 1.6%, other 1.4%, agnostic/atheist 0.1%, none 14.5%, unspecified 6.7% (2022 est.)", "display": "Roman Catholic 69.2% (includes lapsed), Protestant 3.7% (Church of Ireland/England/Anglican/Episcopalian 2.5%, other Protestant 1.2%), Orthodox 2%, other Christian 0.9%, Muslim 1.…", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 82 years (2024 est.) | male: 80.3 years | female: 83.9 years", "display": "total population: 82 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 82.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 40.5 years (2025 est.) | male: 39.7 years | female: 40.6 years", "display": "total: 40.5 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.270 million DUBLIN (capital) (2023)", "display": "1.270 million DUBLIN (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 19 years (2022 est.) | male: 19 years (2022 est.) | female: 20 years (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 19 years (2022 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: none | conventional short form: Ireland | local long form: none | local short form: Eire | etymology: the Irish name Eire evolved from the Gaelic name Eriu, which is possibly derived from the Old Celtic iveriu , meaning \"good land;\" the English name, Ireland, is a direct translation", "display": "conventional long form: none", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Dublin | geographic coordinates: 53 19 N, 6 14 W | time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October | etymology: derived from the Irish words dubh (black or dark) and linn (pool), referring to the color of the Liffey River", "display": "name: Dublin", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary republic", "display": "parliamentary republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "common law system based on the English model but substantially modified by customary law; Supreme Court reviews legislative acts", "display": "common law system based on the English model but substantially modified by customary law; Supreme Court reviews legislative acts", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: previous 1922; latest drafted 14 June 1937, adopted by plebiscite 1 July 1937, effective 29 December 1937 | amendment process: proposed as bills by Parliament; passage requires majority vote by both the Senate and House of Representatives, majority vote in a referendum, and presidential signature", "display": "history: previous 1922; latest drafted 14 June 1937, adopted by plebiscite 1 July 1937, effective 29 December 1937", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1922 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "28 counties and 3 cities*; Carlow, Cavan, Clare, Cork, Cork*, Donegal, Dublin*, Dun Laoghaire-Rathdown, Fingal, Galway, Galway*, Kerry, Kildare, Kilkenny, Laois, Leitrim, Limerick, Longford, Louth, Mayo, Meath, Monaghan, Offaly, Roscommon, Sligo, South Dublin, Tipperary, Waterford, Westmeath, Wexford, Wicklow", "display": "28 counties and 3 cities*; Carlow, Cavan, Clare, Cork, Cork*, Donegal, Dublin*, Dun Laoghaire-Rathdown, Fingal, Galway, Galway*, Kerry, Kildare, Kilkenny, Laois, Leitrim, Limerick…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ADB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), 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and tax revenues but poses volatility risks; high living standards; strong labor…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$620.544 billion (2024 est.) | $613.056 billion (2023 est.) | $648.943 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$620.544 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 620.544, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$115,300 (2024 est.) | $115,500 (2023 est.) | $124,500 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$115,300 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 115300.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "1.2% (2024 est.) | -5.5% (2023 est.) | 8.6% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "1.2% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.1% (2024 est.) | 6.3% (2023 est.) | 7.8% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "2.1% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.021, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "4.4% (2024 est.) | 4.3% (2023 est.) | 4.6% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "4.4% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.044000000000000004, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", 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"vaccines, packaged medicine, nitrogen compounds, integrated circuits, hormones (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "vaccines, packaged medicine, nitrogen compounds, integrated circuits, hormones (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "aircraft, nitrogen compounds, vaccines, packaged medicine, integrated circuits (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "aircraft, nitrogen compounds, vaccines, packaged medicine, integrated circuits (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 97% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 97% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.97, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 1.65 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 32 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 1.65 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 1650000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 55.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 1.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 37% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 2.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 3.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 55.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "113.837 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "113.837 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "100 (2025)", "display": "100 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 21 (2024) | large: 1 | medium: 3 | small: 3 | very small: 14 | ports with oil terminals: 8 | key ports: Cobh, Cork, Dublin, Foynes", "display": "total ports: 21 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 1,688 km (2020) 53 km electrified", "display": "total: 1,688 km (2020) 53 km electrified", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 94 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 12, general cargo 32, oil tanker 1, other 49", "display": "total: 94 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "water pollution, especially of lakes, from agricultural runoff; deforestation, including problems with acid rain", "display": "water pollution, especially of lakes, from agricultural runoff; deforestation, including problems with acid rain", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "35.486 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 3.029 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 22.635 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 9.822 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "35.486 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "52 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "52 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 1.106 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 531.82 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 39.63 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 1.106 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Marine Life Conservation", "display": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto P…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/ireland.json" }, { "entity_id": "isle-of-man", "name": "Isle of Man", "source_code": "GB", "source_entity_class": "dependency-or-territory", "source_region": "Europe", "roadmap_country": null, "coverage_region": null, "roadmap_status": "additional", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 92, "published_fact_count": 38, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 92666.0, "area_sq_km": 572.0, "capital": "Douglas", "government_type": "parliamentary democracy (Tynwald)", "life_expectancy_years": 82.5, "urban_population_percent": 53.5, "internet_users_percent": null, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": null, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": null, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "The Isle of Man was part of the Norwegian Kingdom of the Hebrides until the 13th century, when it was ceded to Scotland. The isle came under English lordship in the 14th century before being purchased by the British Government in 1765. Current concerns include reviving the almost extinct Manx Gaelic language. The Isle of Man is a British Crown dependency, which makes it a self-governing possession of the British Crown that is not part of the UK. The UK Government, however, remains constitutionally responsible for its defense and international representation.", "display": "The Isle of Man was part of the Norwegian Kingdom of the Hebrides until the 13th century, when it was ceded to Scotland. The isle came under English lordship in the 14th century b…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Western Europe, island in the Irish Sea, between Great Britain and Ireland", "display": "Western Europe, island in the Irish Sea, between Great Britain and Ireland", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Europe", "display": "Europe", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 572 sq km | land: 572 sq km | water: 0 sq km", "display": "total : 572 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 572.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "160 km", "display": "160 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "hills in north and south bisected by central valley", "display": "hills in north and south bisected by central valley", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "temperate; cool summers and mild winters; overcast about a third of the time", "display": "temperate; cool summers and mild winters; overcast about a third of the time", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Snaefell 621 m | lowest point: Irish Sea 0 m", "display": "highest point: Snaefell 621 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "occasional high winds and rough seas", "display": "occasional high winds and rough seas", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "none", "display": "none", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "most people concentrated in cities and large towns; Douglas, in the southeast, is the largest", "display": "most people concentrated in cities and large towns; Douglas, in the southeast, is the largest", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 92,666 (2025 est.) | male: 46,543 | female: 46,123", "display": "total: 92,666 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 92666.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.41% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.41% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0040999999999999995, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 53.5% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.97% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 53.5% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "English, Manx Gaelic (about 2% of the population has some knowledge)", "display": "English, Manx Gaelic (about 2% of the population has some knowledge)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Christian 54.7%, Muslim 0.5%, Buddhist 0.5%, Hindu 0.4%, Jewish 0.2%, none 43.8% (2021 est.)", "display": "Christian 54.7%, Muslim 0.5%, Buddhist 0.5%, Hindu 0.4%, Jewish 0.2%, none 43.8% (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 82.5 years (2024 est.) | male: 80.7 years | female: 84.4 years", "display": "total population: 82.5 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 82.5, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 45.1 years (2025 est.) | male: 43.7 years | female: 46.1 years", "display": "total: 45.1 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "27,000 DOUGLAS (capital) (2018)", "display": "27,000 DOUGLAS (capital) (2018)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: none | conventional short form: Isle of Man | local long form: Ellan Vannin | abbreviation: I.O.M. | etymology: the name \"man\" may be derived from the Gaelic word for \"mountain;\" the local name is from the words ellan , or \"island,\" and Vannin, a form of the name Mannan", "display": "conventional long form: none", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Douglas | geographic coordinates: 54 09 N, 4 29 W | time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October | etymology: the name comes from the Gaelic name Dubhghlais , or \"black stream,\" referring to a nearby river; a second river was called Fionnghlais , or \"white stream;\" both river names were later shortened to Dhoo and Glass, respectively, which coincidentally comprised the elements of the town's name", "display": "name: Douglas", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary democracy (Tynwald)", "display": "parliamentary democracy (Tynwald)", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "UK laws apply, as well as Manx statutes", "display": "UK laws apply, as well as Manx statutes", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: development of the Isle of Man constitution dates to at least the 14th century | amendment process: proposed as a bill in the House of Keys, by the \"Government,\" by a \"Member of the House,\" or through petition to the House or Legislative Council; passage normally requires three separate readings and approval of at least 13 House members; following both House and Council agreement, assent is required by the lieutenant governor on behalf of the Crown", "display": "history: development of the Isle of Man constitution dates to at least the 14th century", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US government, but 24 local authorities each hold elections", "display": "no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US government, but 24 local authorities each hold elections", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "UPU", "display": "UPU", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "high-income British island economy; known financial services and tourism industries; taxation incentives for technology and financial firms to operate; historic fishing and agriculture industries are declining; major online gambling and film industry locale", "display": "high-income British island economy; known financial services and tourism industries; taxation incentives for technology and financial firms to operate; historic fishing and agricu…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "-4.2% (2022 est.) | 3.8% (2021 est.) | -8.8% (2020 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "-4.2% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "financial services, light manufacturing, tourism", "display": "financial services, light manufacturing, tourism", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "cereals, vegetables; cattle, sheep, pigs, poultry", "display": "cereals, vegetables; cattle, sheep, pigs, poultry", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "crude petroleum, artwork, vegetables, fruits, whiskies (2022) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "crude petroleum, artwork, vegetables, fruits, whiskies (2022)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "ships, delivery trucks (2022)", "display": "ships, delivery trucks (2022)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "4 (2025)", "display": "4 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 2 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 2 | very small: 0 | ports with oil terminals: 1 | key ports: Douglas, Ramsey", "display": "total ports: 2 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 63 km (2008) | narrow gauge: 6 km (2008) 1.076-m gauge (6 km electrified) | 57 0.914-mm gauge (29 km electrified) note: primarily summer tourist attractions", "display": "total: 63 km (2008)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2008 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 269 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 102, container ship 6, general cargo 27, oil tanker 56, other 78", "display": "total: 269 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "air pollution, marine pollution; waste disposal (both household and industrial)", "display": "air pollution, marine pollution; waste disposal (both household and industrial)", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/isle-of-man.json" }, { "entity_id": "israel", "name": "Israel", "source_code": "IL", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Middle East", "roadmap_country": "Israel", "coverage_region": "Asia", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 147, "published_fact_count": 51, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 9402617.0, "area_sq_km": 21937.0, "capital": "Jerusalem", "government_type": "parliamentary democracy", "life_expectancy_years": 83.1, "urban_population_percent": 92.9, "internet_users_percent": 87.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 47300.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Israel has become a regional economic and military powerhouse, leveraging its prosperous high-tech sector, large defense industry, and concerns about Iran to foster partnerships around the world. The State of Israel was established in 1948. The UN General Assembly proposed in 1947 partitioning the British Mandate for Palestine into an Arab and Jewish state. T he Jews accepted the proposal, but the l ocal Arabs a nd the Arab states rejected the UN plan and launched a war. The Arabs were subsequently defeated in the 194 7-1949 war that followed the UN proposal and the British withdrawal. Israel joined the UN in 1949 and saw rapid population growth, primarily due to Jewish refugee migration from Europe and the Middle East. Israel and its Arab neighbors fought wars in 1956, 1967, and 1973, and Israel signed peace treaties with Egypt in 1979 and Jordan in 1994. Israel took control of the West Bank , the eastern part of Jerusalem, the Gaza Strip , the Sinai Peninsula, and the Golan Heights in the course of the 1967 war . It c ede d the Sinai back to Egypt in the 1979 -1982 period but has continued to administer the other territories through military authorities . Israel and Palestinian officials signed interim agreements in the 1990s that created a period of Palestinian self-rule in parts of the West Bank and Gaza. Israel withdrew from Gaza in 2005. The most recent formal efforts between Israel and the Palestinian Authority to negotiate final status issues occurred in 2013 and 2014, and the US continues its efforts to advance peace. Israel signed the US-brokered normalization agreements (the Abraham Accords) with Bahrain, the UAE, and Morocco in 2020 and reached an agreement with Sudan in 2021. Immigration to Israel continues, with more than 44 ,000 estimated new immigrants, mostly Jewish, in t he first 11 months of 202 3. | Former Prime Minister Benjamin NETANYAHU returned to office in 2022, continuing his dominance of Israel's political landscape at the head of Israel's most rightwing and religious government. NETANYAHU previously served as premier from 1996 to 1999 and from 2009 to 2021, becoming Israel's longest serving prime minister. | On 7 October 2023, HAMAS militants launched a combined unguided rocket and ground terrorist attack from Gaza into southern Israel . The same day Israel’s A i r Force launched air strikes inside Gaza and initiated a sustained air campaign against HAMAS targets across the Gaza Strip. The following day, NETANYAHU formally declared war on HAMAS, and on 28 October, the Israel Defense Forces launched a large-scale ground assault inside Gaza. | The Israeli economy has undergone a dramatic transformation in the last 30 years, led by cutting-edge high-tech sectors. Offshore gas discoveries in the Mediterranean place Israel at the center of a potential regional natural gas market. In 2022, a US-brokered agreement between Israel and Lebanon established their maritime boundary, allowing Israel to begin production on additional gas fields in the Mediterranean. However, Israel's economic development has been uneven . Structural issues such as low labor-force participation among religious and minority populations, low workforce productivity, high costs for housing and consumer staples, and high income inequality concern both economists and the general popula tion . The current war with Hamas disrupted Israel ’s solid economic fundamentals, but it is not likely to have long-term structural impl ications for the economy .", "display": "Israel has become a regional economic and military powerhouse, leveraging its prosperous high-tech sector, large defense industry, and concerns about Iran to foster partnerships a…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1948 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt and Lebanon", "display": "Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt and Lebanon", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Middle East", "display": "Middle East", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 21,937 sq km | land: 21,497 sq km | water: 440 sq km", "display": "total : 21,937 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 21937.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "273 km", "display": "273 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Negev desert in the south; low coastal plain; central mountains; Jordan Rift Valley", "display": "Negev desert in the south; low coastal plain; central mountains; Jordan Rift Valley", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "temperate; hot and dry in southern and eastern desert areas", "display": "temperate; hot and dry in southern and eastern desert areas", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Mitspe Shlagim 2,224 m; note - this is the highest named point, the actual highest point is an unnamed dome slightly to the west of Mitspe Shlagim at 2,236 m; both points are on the northeastern border of Israel, along the southern end of the Anti-Lebanon mountain range | lowest point: Dead Sea -431 m | mean elevation: 508 m", "display": "highest point: Mitspe Shlagim 2,224 m; note - this is the highest named point, the actual highest point is an unnamed dome slightly to the west of Mitspe Shlagim at 2,236 m; both…", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "sandstorms may occur during spring and summer; droughts; periodic earthquakes", "display": "sandstorms may occur during spring and summer; droughts; periodic earthquakes", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "timber, potash, copper ore, natural gas, phosphate rock, magnesium bromide, clays, sand", "display": "timber, potash, copper ore, natural gas, phosphate rock, magnesium bromide, clays, sand", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "population concentrated in and around Tel-Aviv, as well as around the Sea of Galilee; the south remains sparsely populated, with the exception of the shore of the Gulf of Aqaba", "display": "population concentrated in and around Tel-Aviv, as well as around the Sea of Galilee; the south remains sparsely populated, with the exception of the shore of the Gulf of Aqaba", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 9,402,617 (2024 est.) | male: 4,731,275 | female: 4,671,342 | note: approximately 236,600 Israeli settlers live in East Jerusalem (2021); following the March 2019 US recognition of the Golan Heights as being part of Israel, The World Factbook no longer includes Israeli settler population of the Golan Heights (estimated at 23,400 in 2019) in its overall Israeli settler total", "display": "total: 9,402,617 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 9402617.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.59% (2025 est.)", "display": "1.59% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0159, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 92.9% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 1.51% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 92.9% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Hebrew (official), Arabic (special status under Israeli law), English (most commonly used foreign language) | major-language sample(s): | ספר עובדות העולם, המקור החיוני למידע בסיסי (Hebrew) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Hebrew (official), Arabic (special status under Israeli law), English (most commonly used foreign language)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Jewish 73.5%, Muslim 18.1%, Christian 1.9%, Druze 1.6%, other 4.9% (2022 est.)", "display": "Jewish 73.5%, Muslim 18.1%, Christian 1.9%, Druze 1.6%, other 4.9% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 83.1 years (2024 est.) | male: 81.1 years | female: 85.1 years", "display": "total population: 83.1 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 83.1, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 30.2 years (2025 est.) | male: 29.6 years | female: 30.7 years", "display": "total: 30.2 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "4.421 million Tel Aviv-Yafo, 1.174 million Haifa, 970,000 JERUSALEM (capital) (2023)", "display": "4.421 million Tel Aviv-Yafo, 1.174 million Haifa, 970,000 JERUSALEM (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 15 years (2022 est.) | male: 14 years (2022 est.) | female: 16 years (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 15 years (2022 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: State of Israel | conventional short form: Israel | local long form: Medinat Yisra'el | local short form: Yisra'el | former: Mandatory Palestine | etymology: named after the ancient Kingdom of Israel; according to Biblical tradition, the Jewish patriarch Jacob received the name Israel (meaning \"He who struggles with God\") after he wrestled with an angel of the Lord", "display": "conventional long form: State of Israel", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Jerusalem | geographic coordinates: 31 46 N, 35 14 E | time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, Friday before the last Sunday in March; ends the last Sunday in October | etymology: the meaning of the ancient name is unclear; the city is called Ursalim or Urusalimmi in Egyptian texts from the 14th century B.C., which may come from the Western Semitic verb yaru , meaning \"to establish,\" and the name Shalim, the Canaanite god of dusk; another theory says the root letters s-l-m in the name refer to shalom , meaning \"peace\" | note: the US recognized Jerusalem as Israel’s capital in 2017, without taking a position on the specific boundaries of Israeli sovereignty", "display": "name: Jerusalem", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2017 }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary democracy", "display": "parliamentary democracy", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "mixed system of English common law, British Mandate regulations, and Jewish, Christian, and Muslim religious laws", "display": "mixed system of English common law, British Mandate regulations, and Jewish, Christian, and Muslim religious laws", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: no formal constitution; some functions of a constitution are filled by the Declaration of Establishment (1948), the Basic Laws, and the Law of Return (as amended) | amendment process: proposed by Government of Israel ministers or by the Knesset; passage requires a majority vote of Knesset members and subject to Supreme Court judicial review", "display": "history: no formal constitution; some functions of a constitution are filled by the Declaration of Establishment (1948), the Basic Laws, and the Law of Return (as amended)", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1948 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "6 districts ( mehozot , singular - mehoz ); Central, Haifa, Jerusalem, Northern, Southern, Tel Aviv", "display": "6 districts ( mehozot , singular - mehoz ); Central, Haifa, Jerusalem, Northern, Southern, Tel Aviv", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "BIS, BSEC (observer), CE (observer), CERN, CICA, EBRD, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW 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resulting from war in Gaza; labor force stabilizing following military reservist mo…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$472.177 billion (2024 est.) | $468.095 billion (2023 est.) | $459.698 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$472.177 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 472.177, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$47,300 (2024 est.) | $47,500 (2023 est.) | $48,100 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$47,300 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 47300.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "0.9% (2024 est.) | 1.8% (2023 est.) | 6.3% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "0.9% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3.1% (2024 est.) | 4.2% (2023 est.) | 4.4% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "3.1% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.031, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3.2% (2024 est.) | 3.6% (2023 est.) | 3.7% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "3.2% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.032, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "high-technology products (including aviation, communications, computer-aided design and manufactures, medical electronics, fiber optics), wood and paper products, potash and phosphates, food, beverages, and tobacco, caustic soda, cement, pharmaceuticals, construction, metal products, chemical products, plastics, cut diamonds, textiles, footwear", "display": "high-technology products (including aviation, communications, computer-aided design and manufactures, medical electronics, fiber optics), wood and paper products, potash and phosp…", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "milk, chicken, potatoes, tomatoes, tangerines/mandarins, bananas, eggs, avocados, beef, carrots/turnips (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "milk, chicken, potatoes, tomatoes, tangerines/mandarins, bananas, eggs, avocados, beef, carrots/turnips (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "integrated circuits, diamonds, broadcasting equipment, medical instruments, refined petroleum (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "integrated circuits, diamonds, broadcasting equipment, medical instruments, refined petroleum (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "cars, diamonds, crude petroleum, broadcasting equipment, garments (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "cars, diamonds, crude petroleum, broadcasting equipment, garments (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 87% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 87% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.87, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 2.76 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 30 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 2.76 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 2760000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 89.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 9.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 89.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "112.437 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "112.437 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "40 (2025)", "display": "40 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 5 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 1 | small: 2 | very small: 2 | ports with oil terminals: 4 | key ports: Ashdod, Ashqelon, Elat, Hadera, Haifa", "display": "total ports: 5 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 1,497 km (2021) (2019) | standard gauge: 1,497 km (2021) 1.435-m gauge", "display": "total: 1,497 km (2021) (2019)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 41 (2023) | by type: container ship 4, general cargo 1, oil tanker 4, other 32", "display": "total: 41 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "limited arable land and restricted natural freshwater resources; desertification; air pollution from industrial and vehicle emissions; groundwater pollution from industrial and domestic waste, chemical fertilizers, and pesticides", "display": "limited arable land and restricted natural freshwater resources; desertification; air pollution from industrial and vehicle emissions; groundwater pollution from industrial and do…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "64.401 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 11.542 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 28.793 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 24.066 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "64.401 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "1.78 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "1.78 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 1 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 104.834 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 1.215 billion cubic meters (2022)", "display": "municipal: 1 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Marine Life Conservation", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozo…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/israel.json" }, { "entity_id": "italy", "name": "Italy", "source_code": "IT", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Europe", "roadmap_country": "Italy", "coverage_region": "Europe", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 155, "published_fact_count": 52, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 60924851.0, "area_sq_km": 301340.0, "capital": "Rome", "government_type": "parliamentary republic", "life_expectancy_years": 83.0, "urban_population_percent": 72.0, "internet_users_percent": 87.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 53100.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Italy became a nation-state in 1861 when the regional states of the peninsula, along with Sardinia and Sicily, were united under King Victor EMMANUEL II. An era of parliamentary government came to a close in the early 1920s when Benito MUSSOLINI established a Fascist dictatorship. His alliance with Nazi Germany led to Italy's defeat in World War II. A democratic republic replaced the monarchy in 1946, and economic revival followed. Italy is a charter member of NATO, as well as the European Economic Community (EEC) and its successors, the EC and the EU. It has been at the forefront of European economic and political unification, joining the Economic and Monetary Union in 1999. Persistent problems include sluggish economic growth, high youth and female unemployment, organized crime, corruption, and economic disparities between southern Italy and the more prosperous north.", "display": "Italy became a nation-state in 1861 when the regional states of the peninsula, along with Sardinia and Sicily, were united under King Victor EMMANUEL II. An era of parliamentary g…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1946 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southern Europe, a peninsula extending into the central Mediterranean Sea, northeast of Tunisia", "display": "Southern Europe, a peninsula extending into the central Mediterranean Sea, northeast of Tunisia", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Europe", "display": "Europe", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 301,340 sq km | land: 294,140 sq km | water: 7,200 sq km | note: includes Sardinia and Sicily", "display": "total : 301,340 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 301340.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "7,600 km", "display": "7,600 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly rugged and mountainous; some plains, coastal lowlands", "display": "mostly rugged and mountainous; some plains, coastal lowlands", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "predominantly Mediterranean; alpine in far north; hot, dry in south", "display": "predominantly Mediterranean; alpine in far north; hot, dry in south", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Mont Blanc (Monte Bianco) de Courmayeur (a secondary peak of Mont Blanc) 4,748 m | lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m | mean elevation: 538 m", "display": "highest point: Mont Blanc (Monte Bianco) de Courmayeur (a secondary peak of Mont Blanc) 4,748 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "regional risks include landslides, mudflows, avalanches, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, flooding; land subsidence in Venice | volcanism: significant volcanic activity; Etna (3,330 m) is Europe's most active volcano, and its flank eruptions pose a threat to nearby Sicilian villages; Etna, along with the famous Vesuvius, have both been deemed Decade Volcanoes by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to their explosive history and close proximity to human populations; Stromboli, on its namesake island, has also been continuously active with moderate volcanic activity; other historically active volcanoes include Campi Flegrei, Ischia, Larderello, Pantelleria, Vulcano, and Vulsini", "display": "regional risks include landslides, mudflows, avalanches, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, flooding; land subsidence in Venice", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "coal, antimony, mercury, zinc, potash, marble, barite, asbestos, pumice, fluorspar, feldspar, pyrite (sulfur), natural gas and crude oil reserves, fish, arable land", "display": "coal, antimony, mercury, zinc, potash, marble, barite, asbestos, pumice, fluorspar, feldspar, pyrite (sulfur), natural gas and crude oil reserves, fish, arable land", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "a fairly even population distribution exists throughout most of the country, with coastal areas, the Po River Valley, and urban centers (particularly Milan, Rome, and Naples) attracting larger and denser populations", "display": "a fairly even population distribution exists throughout most of the country, with coastal areas, the Po River Valley, and urban centers (particularly Milan, Rome, and Naples) attr…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 60,924,851 (2025 est.) | male: 29,383,949 | female: 31,540,902", "display": "total: 60,924,851 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 60924851.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "-0.05% (2025 est.)", "display": "-0.05% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": -0.0005, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 72% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.27% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 72% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Italian (official), German (parts of Trentino-Alto Adige region are predominantly German-speaking), French (small French-speaking minority in Valle d'Aosta region), Slovene (Slovene-speaking minority in the Trieste-Gorizia area), Croatian (in Molise) | major-language sample(s): | L'Almanacco dei fatti del mondo, l'indispensabile fonte per le informazioni di base. (Italian) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Italian (official), German (parts of Trentino-Alto Adige region are predominantly German-speaking), French (small French-speaking minority in Valle d'Aosta region), Slovene (Slove…", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Christian 80.8% (overwhelmingly Roman Catholic with very small groups of Jehovah's Witnesses and Protestants), Muslim 4.9%, unaffiliated 13.4%, other 0.9% (2020 est.)", "display": "Christian 80.8% (overwhelmingly Roman Catholic with very small groups of Jehovah's Witnesses and Protestants), Muslim 4.9%, unaffiliated 13.4%, other 0.9% (2020 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and 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"conventional long form: Italian Republic | conventional short form: Italy | local long form: Repubblica Italiana | local short form: Italia | former: Kingdom of Italy | etymology: derivation is unclear; traditionally said to come from the Vitali, a tribe that settled in what is now Calabria, and whose name is believed to be linked to the Latin word vitulus , or \"calf;\" alternatively, the name may derive from a local ruler known to the Romans as Italus", "display": "conventional long form: Italian Republic", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Rome | geographic coordinates: 41 54 N, 12 29 E | time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October | etymology: by tradition, named after Romulus, one of the legendary founders of the city, but the name Romulus may instead derive from the city's name; the name Rome may come from an Etruscan name for the Tiber River, which was Roma or Ruma", "display": "name: Rome", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary republic", "display": "parliamentary republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law system; Constitutional Court reviews legislation under certain conditions", "display": "civil law system; Constitutional Court reviews legislation under certain conditions", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": 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"Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1947 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "15 regions ( regioni , singular - regione ) and 5 autonomous regions ( regioni autonome , singular - regione autonoma ) | regions: Abruzzo, Basilicata, Calabria, Campania, Emilia-Romagna, Lazio (Latium), Liguria, Lombardia, Marche, Molise, Piemonte (Piedmont), Puglia (Apulia), Toscana (Tuscany), Umbria, Veneto | autonomous regions: Friuli Venezia Giulia, Sardegna (Sardinia), Sicilia (Sicily), Trentino-Alto Adige (Trentino-South Tyrol) or Trentino-Suedtirol (German), Valle d'Aosta (Aosta Valley) or Vallée d'Aoste (French)", "display": "15 regions ( regioni , singular - regione ) and 5 autonomous regions ( regioni autonome , singular - regione autonoma )", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council (observer), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS (observer), CD, CDB, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-7, G-8, G-10, G-20, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, MINURSO, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club, PCA, PIF (partner), Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), SICA (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, Union Latina, UNMOGIP, UNOOSA, UNRWA, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC", "display": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council (observer), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS (observer), CD, CDB, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EI…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "high-income, core EU economy; strong services, manufacturing, and tourism sectors; modest growth supported by net exports, low inflation, and public investments via EU funds; tight labor market with aging workforce and shortages in specialized skills; high public debt levels", "display": "high-income, core EU economy; strong services, manufacturing, and tourism sectors; modest growth supported by net exports, low inflation, and public investments via EU funds; tigh…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$3.133 trillion (2024 est.) | $3.11 trillion (2023 est.) | $3.088 trillion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$3.133 trillion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 3133.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$53,100 (2024 est.) | $52,700 (2023 est.) | $52,300 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$53,100 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 53100.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "0.7% (2024 est.) | 0.7% (2023 est.) | 4.8% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "0.7% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "1% (2024 est.) | 5.6% (2023 est.) | 8.2% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "1% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.01, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "6.8% (2024 est.) | 7.7% (2023 est.) | 8.1% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "6.8% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.068, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "tourism, machinery, iron and steel, chemicals, food processing, textiles, motor vehicles, clothing, footwear, ceramics", "display": "tourism, machinery, iron and steel, chemicals, food processing, textiles, motor vehicles, clothing, footwear, ceramics", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "milk, wheat, grapes, tomatoes, maize, olives, apples, oranges, sugar beets, rice (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "milk, wheat, grapes, tomatoes, maize, olives, apples, oranges, sugar beets, rice (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "packaged medicine, garments, cars, refined petroleum, vehicle parts/accessories (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "packaged medicine, garments, cars, refined petroleum, vehicle parts/accessories (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "natural gas, crude petroleum, cars, packaged medicine, garments (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "natural gas, crude petroleum, cars, packaged medicine, garments (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 87% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 87% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.87, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 20.1 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 34 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 20.1 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 20100000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 56% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 12% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 9.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 14.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | geothermal: 2.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 6.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 56% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "96.797 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "96.797 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "655 (2025)", "display": "655 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 123 (2024) | large: 12 | medium: 11 | small: 71 | very small: 28 | size unknown: 1 | ports with oil terminals: 33 | key ports: Brindisi, Civitavecchia, Genova, Gioia Tauro, La Spezia, Livorno, Messina, Napoli, Porto di Lido-Venezia, Siracusa, Taranto, Trieste", "display": "total ports: 123 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 18,475 km (2020) 12,936 km electrified | 1289.3 0.950-mm gauge (151.3 km electrified)", "display": "total: 18,475 km (2020) 12,936 km electrified", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 1,276 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 17, container ship 6, general cargo 109, oil tanker 95, other 1,049", "display": "total: 1,276 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "air pollution from industrial emissions; water pollution from industrial and agricultural effluents, as well as acid rain; inadequate industrial waste treatment and disposal facilities", "display": "air pollution from industrial emissions; water pollution from industrial and agricultural effluents, as well as acid rain; inadequate industrial waste treatment and disposal facil…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "307.442 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 26.15 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 162.688 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 118.604 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "307.442 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "191.3 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "191.3 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 9.148 billion cubic meters (2022) | industrial: 7.7 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 17 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 9.148 billion cubic meters (2022)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol", "display": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Org…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/italy.json" }, { "entity_id": "jamaica", "name": "Jamaica", "source_code": "JM", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Central America and the Caribbean", "roadmap_country": "Jamaica", "coverage_region": "Americas", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 144, "published_fact_count": 51, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 2938503.0, "area_sq_km": 10991.0, "capital": "Kingston", "government_type": "parliamentary democracy (Parliament) under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm", "life_expectancy_years": 76.3, "urban_population_percent": 57.4, "internet_users_percent": 83.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 10300.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Europeans first saw Jamaica when Christopher COLUMBUS arrived in 1494, and the Spanish settled the island early in the 16th century. The Native Taino, who had inhabited Jamaica for centuries, were gradually exterminated and replaced with African slaves. England seized the island in 1655 and established a plantation economy based on sugar, cocoa, and coffee. The abolition of slavery in 1834 freed a quarter-million slaves, many of whom became small farmers. Jamaica gradually increased its independence from Britain. In 1958, it joined other British Caribbean colonies in forming the Federation of the West Indies. Jamaica withdrew from the Federation in 1961 and gained full independence in 1962. Deteriorating economic conditions during the 1970s led to recurring violence as rival gangs affiliated with the major political parties evolved into powerful organized crime networks involved in international drug smuggling and money laundering. Violent crime, drug trafficking, corruption, and poverty pose significant challenges to the government today. Nonetheless, many rural and resort areas remain relatively safe and contribute substantially to the economy.", "display": "Europeans first saw Jamaica when Christopher COLUMBUS arrived in 1494, and the Spanish settled the island early in the 16th century. The Native Taino, who had inhabited Jamaica fo…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1958 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, south of Cuba", "display": "Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, south of Cuba", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Central America and the Caribbean", "display": "Central America and the Caribbean", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 10,991 sq km | land: 10,831 sq km | water: 160 sq km", "display": "total : 10,991 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 10991.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "1,022 km", "display": "1,022 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly mountains, with narrow, discontinuous coastal plain", "display": "mostly mountains, with narrow, discontinuous coastal plain", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical; hot, humid; temperate interior", "display": "tropical; hot, humid; temperate interior", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Blue Mountain Peak 2,256 m | lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m | mean elevation: 18 m", "display": "highest point: Blue Mountain Peak 2,256 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "hurricanes (especially July to November)", "display": "hurricanes (especially July to November)", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "bauxite, alumina, gypsum, limestone", "display": "bauxite, alumina, gypsum, limestone", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "population density is high throughout, but increases in and around Kingston, Montego Bay, and Port Esquivel", "display": "population density is high throughout, but increases in and around Kingston, Montego Bay, and Port Esquivel", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 2,938,503 (2025 est.) | male: 1,453,759 | female: 1,484,744", "display": "total: 2,938,503 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 2938503.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.25% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.25% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0025, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 57.4% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.79% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 57.4% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "English, Jamaican patois", "display": "English, Jamaican patois", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Protestant 64.8% (includes Seventh Day Adventist 12.0%, Pentecostal 11.0%, Other Church of God 9.2%, New Testament Church of God 7.2%, Baptist 6.7%, Church of God in Jamaica 4.8%, Church of God of Prophecy 4.5%, Anglican 2.8%, United Church 2.1%, Methodist 1.6%, Revived 1.4%, Brethren 0.9%, and Moravian 0.7%), Roman Catholic 2.2%, Jehovah's Witness 1.9%, Rastafarian 1.1%, other 6.5%, none 21.3%, unspecified 2.3% (2011 est.)", "display": "Protestant 64.8% (includes Seventh Day Adventist 12.0%, Pentecostal 11.0%, Other Church of God 9.2%, New Testament Church of God 7.2%, Baptist 6.7%, Church of God in Jamaica 4.8%,…", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2011 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 76.3 years (2024 est.) | male: 74.5 years | female: 78.1 years", "display": "total population: 76.3 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 76.3, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 28.8 years (2025 est.) | male: 30.1 years | female: 31.7 years", "display": "total: 28.8 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "597,000 KINGSTON (capital) (2023)", "display": "597,000 KINGSTON (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "female: 90.8% (2022 est.)", "display": "female: 90.8% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 13 years (2015 est.) | male: 12 years (2015 est.) | female: 14 years (2015 est.)", "display": "total: 13 years (2015 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2015 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: none | conventional short form: Jamaica | etymology: from the Arawak word xaymaca , meaning \"Land of Wood and Water\" or possibly \"Land of Springs\"", "display": "conventional long form: none", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Kingston | geographic coordinates: 18 00 N, 76 48 W | time difference: UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: the name is a blend of the words \"king's\" and \"town;\" named after the English king at the time of the city's founding in 1692, WILLIAM III", "display": "name: Kingston", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary democracy (Parliament) under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm", "display": "parliamentary democracy (Parliament) under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "common law system based on the English model", "display": "common law system based on the English model", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: several previous (pre-independence); latest drafted 1961-62, submitted to British Parliament 24 July 1962, entered into force 6 August 1962 (at independence) | amendment process: proposed by Parliament; passage of amendments to \"non-entrenched\" constitutional sections, such as lowering the voting age, requires majority vote by the Parliament membership; passage of amendments to \"entrenched\" sections, such as fundamental rights and freedoms, requires two-thirds majority vote of Parliament; passage of amendments to \"specially entrenched\" sections such as the dissolution of Parliament or the executive authority of the monarch requires two-thirds approval by Parliament and approval in a referendum", "display": "history: several previous (pre-independence); latest drafted 1961-62, submitted to British Parliament 24 July 1962, entered into force 6 August 1962 (at independence)", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1961 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "14 parishes; Clarendon, Hanover, Kingston, Manchester, Portland, Saint Andrew, Saint Ann, Saint Catherine, Saint Elizabeth, Saint James, Saint Mary, Saint Thomas, Trelawny, Westmoreland | note: for local government purposes, Kingston and Saint Andrew were amalgamated in 1923 into the present single corporate body known as the Kingston and Saint Andrew Corporation", "display": "14 parishes; Clarendon, Hanover, Kingston, Manchester, Portland, Saint Andrew, Saint Ann, Saint Catherine, Saint Elizabeth, Saint James, Saint Mary, Saint Thomas, Trelawny, Westmo…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1923 }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACP, ACS, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-15, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, Petrocaribe, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ACP, ACS, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-15, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITSO, ITU,…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "upper-middle-income Caribbean island economy; key agriculture and tourism sectors; high crime, youth unemployment, and poverty; susceptible to natural disasters and global commodity price shocks; progress in reducing public debt and moderating inflation within target range", "display": "upper-middle-income Caribbean island economy; key agriculture and tourism sectors; high crime, youth unemployment, and poverty; susceptible to natural disasters and global commodi…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$29.13 billion (2024 est.) | $29.341 billion (2023 est.) | $28.596 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$29.13 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 29.13, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$10,300 (2024 est.) | $10,300 (2023 est.) | $10,100 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$10,300 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 10300.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "-0.7% (2024 est.) | 2.6% (2023 est.) | 5.2% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "-0.7% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "5.4% (2024 est.) | 6.5% (2023 est.) | 10.3% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "5.4% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.054000000000000006, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "4.9% (2024 est.) | 4.4% (2023 est.) | 4.1% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "4.9% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.049, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "agriculture, mining, manufacture, construction, financial and insurance services, tourism, telecommunications", "display": "agriculture, mining, manufacture, construction, financial and insurance services, tourism, telecommunications", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "sugarcane, goat milk, yams, chicken, oranges, coconuts, bananas, plantains, pumpkins/squash, pineapples (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "sugarcane, goat milk, yams, chicken, oranges, coconuts, bananas, plantains, pumpkins/squash, pineapples (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "aluminum oxide, refined petroleum, natural gas, liquor, processed fruits and nuts (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "aluminum oxide, refined petroleum, natural gas, liquor, processed fruits and nuts (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, natural gas, cars, crude petroleum, plastic products (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, natural gas, cars, crude petroleum, plastic products (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 83% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 83% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.83, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 448,000 (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 16 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 448,000 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 448000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 87.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 2.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 6.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 2.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 1.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 87.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "42.095 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "42.095 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "20 (2025)", "display": "20 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 11 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 1 | small: 2 | very small: 8 | ports with oil terminals: 5 | key ports: Falmouth, Kingston, Lucea, Montego Bay, Ocho Rios, Port Antonio, Port Esquivel, Port Kaiser, Rio Bueno, Rocky Point, Savannah la Mar", "display": "total ports: 11 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 40 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 1, general cargo 11, oil tanker 1, other 27", "display": "total: 40 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "heavy rates of deforestation; coastal waters polluted by industrial waste, sewage, and oil spills; damage to coral reefs; air pollution in Kingston from vehicle emissions; land erosion", "display": "heavy rates of deforestation; coastal waters polluted by industrial waste, sewage, and oil spills; damage to coral reefs; air pollution in Kingston from vehicle emissions; land er…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "7.89 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 239,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 6.04 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 1.611 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "7.89 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "10.823 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "10.823 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 339.867 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 43.989 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 78.972 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 339.867 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardo…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/jamaica.json" }, { "entity_id": "jan-mayen", "name": "Jan Mayen", "source_code": "SJ", "source_entity_class": "dependency-or-territory", "source_region": "Arctic Region", "roadmap_country": null, "coverage_region": null, "roadmap_status": "additional", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 27, "published_fact_count": 14, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": null, "area_sq_km": 377.0, "capital": null, "government_type": null, "life_expectancy_years": null, "urban_population_percent": null, "internet_users_percent": null, "electricity_access_percent": null, "gdp_per_capita_usd": null, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": null, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "This desolate, mountainous island in the Arctic Ocean was named after a Dutch whaling captain who indisputably discovered it in 1614 (earlier claims are inconclusive). Visited only occasionally by seal hunters and trappers over the centuries, the island came under Norwegian sovereignty in 1929. The long dormant Beerenberg volcano, the northernmost active volcano on earth, resumed activity in 1970, and the most recent eruption occurred in 1985.", "display": "This desolate, mountainous island in the Arctic Ocean was named after a Dutch whaling captain who indisputably discovered it in 1614 (earlier claims are inconclusive). Visited onl…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1929 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Northern Europe, island between the Greenland Sea and the Norwegian Sea, northeast of Iceland", "display": "Northern Europe, island between the Greenland Sea and the Norwegian Sea, northeast of Iceland", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Arctic Region", "display": "Arctic Region", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 377 sq km | land: 377 sq km | water: 0 sq km", "display": "total : 377 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 377.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "124.1 km", "display": "124.1 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "volcanic island, partly covered by glaciers", "display": "volcanic island, partly covered by glaciers", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "arctic maritime with frequent storms and persistent fog", "display": "arctic maritime with frequent storms and persistent fog", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Haakon VII Toppen on Beerenberg 2,277 | lowest point: Norwegian/Greenland Seas 0 m | note: Beerenberg volcano has numerous peaks; the highest point on the volcano rim is named Haakon VII Toppen, after Norway's first king following the reestablishment of Norwegian independence in 1905", "display": "highest point: Haakon VII Toppen on Beerenberg 2,277", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1905 }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "dominated by the volcano Beerenberg | volcanism: Beerenberg (2,227 m) is Norway's only active volcano; volcanic activity resumed in 1970; the most recent eruption occurred in 1985", "display": "dominated by the volcano Beerenberg", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1970 }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "none", "display": "none", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: no permanent inhabitants | note: military personnel present on the south side of the island; meteorological stations", "display": "total: no permanent inhabitants", "source_field": "Population", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: none | conventional short form: Jan Mayen | etymology: named after Dutch Captain Jan Jacobszoon MAY, one of the first explorers to reach the island in 1614", "display": "conventional long form: none", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "the laws of Norway apply", "display": "the laws of Norway apply", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "pollutants transported from southerly latitudes by winds and ocean currents", "display": "pollutants transported from southerly latitudes by winds and ocean currents", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/jan-mayen.json" }, { "entity_id": "japan", "name": "Japan", "source_code": "JP", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Asia", "roadmap_country": "Japan", "coverage_region": "Asia", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 151, "published_fact_count": 51, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 123201945.0, "area_sq_km": 377915.0, "capital": "Tokyo", "government_type": "parliamentary constitutional monarchy", "life_expectancy_years": 85.2, "urban_population_percent": 92.0, "internet_users_percent": 87.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 46100.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "In 1603, after decades of civil warfare, the Tokugawa shogunate (a military-led, dynastic government) ushered in a long period of relative political stability and isolation from foreign influence. For more than two centuries, this policy enabled Japan to enjoy a flowering of its indigenous culture. Japan opened its ports after signing the Treaty of Kanagawa with the US in 1854 and began to intensively modernize and industrialize. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Japan became a regional power that was able to defeat the forces of both China and Russia. It occupied Korea, Formosa (Taiwan), and southern Sakhalin Island. In 1931-32, Japan occupied Manchuria, and in 1937, it launched a full-scale invasion of China. Japan attacked US forces at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, in 1941, triggering America's entry into World War II, and Japan soon occupied much of East and Southeast Asia. After its defeat in World War II, the country recovered to become an economic power and a US ally. | While the emperor retains his throne as a symbol of national unity, elected politicians hold the decision-making power. After three decades of unprecedented growth, Japan's economy experienced a major slowdown starting in the 1990s, but the country remains an economic power. In 2011, Japan's strongest-ever earthquake and an accompanying tsunami devastated the northeast part of Honshu, killed thousands, and damaged several nuclear power plants. ABE Shinzo was reelected as prime minister in 2012, and he embarked on ambitious economic and security reforms to improve Japan's economy and bolster the country's international standing. In 2019, ABE became Japan's longest-serving post-war prime minister; he resigned in 2020 and was succeeded by SUGA Yoshihide. KISHIDA Fumio became prime minister in 2021.", "display": "In 1603, after decades of civil warfare, the Tokugawa shogunate (a military-led, dynastic government) ushered in a long period of relative political stability and isolation from f…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1931 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Eastern Asia, island chain between the North Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan, east of the Korean Peninsula", "display": "Eastern Asia, island chain between the North Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan, east of the Korean Peninsula", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Asia", "display": "Asia", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 377,915 sq km | land: 364,485 sq km | water: 13,430 sq km | note: includes Bonin Islands (Ogasawara-gunto), Daito-shoto, Minami-jima, Okino-tori-shima, Ryukyu Islands (Nansei-shoto), and Volcano Islands (Kazan-retto)", "display": "total : 377,915 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 377915.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "29,751 km", "display": "29,751 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly rugged and mountainous", "display": "mostly rugged and mountainous", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "varies from tropical in south to cool temperate in north", "display": "varies from tropical in south to cool temperate in north", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Mount Fuji 3,776 m | lowest point: Hachiro-gata -4 m | mean elevation: 438 m", "display": "highest point: Mount Fuji 3,776 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "many dormant and some active volcanoes; about 1,500 seismic occurrences (mostly tremors but occasional severe earthquakes) every year; tsunamis; typhoons | volcanism: both Unzen (1,500 m) and Sakura-jima (1,117 m), which lies near the densely populated city of Kagoshima, have been deemed Decade Volcanoes by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to their explosive history and close proximity to human populations; other notable historically active volcanoes include Asama (Honshu Island's most active volcano), Aso, Bandai, Fuji, Iwo-Jima, Kikai, Kirishima, Komaga-take, Oshima, Suwanosejima, Tokachi, Yake-dake, and Usu; see note 2 under \"Geography - note\"", "display": "many dormant and some active volcanoes; about 1,500 seismic occurrences (mostly tremors but occasional severe earthquakes) every year; tsunamis; typhoons", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "negligible mineral resources, fish | note: with virtually no natural energy resources, Japan is almost totally dependent on imported sources of energy", "display": "negligible mineral resources, fish", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "all primary and secondary regions of high population density lie on the coast; one third of the population resides in and around Tokyo on the central plain (Kanto Plain)", "display": "all primary and secondary regions of high population density lie on the coast; one third of the population resides in and around Tokyo on the central plain (Kanto Plain)", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 123,201,945 (2024 est.) | male: 59,875,269 | female: 63,326,676", "display": "total: 123,201,945 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 123201945.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "-0.45% (2025 est.)", "display": "-0.45% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": -0.0045000000000000005, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 92% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: -0.25% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 92% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Japanese | major-language sample(s): | 必要不可欠な基本情報の源、ワールド・ファクトブック(Japanese) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Japanese", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Shintoism 48.6%, Buddhism 46.4%, Christianity 1.1%, other 4% (2021 est.) | note: total adherents among persons claiming a religious affiliation", "display": "Shintoism 48.6%, Buddhism 46.4%, Christianity 1.1%, other 4% (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 85.2 years (2024 est.) | male: 82.3 years | female: 88.2 years", "display": "total population: 85.2 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 85.2, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 50.2 years (2025 est.) | male: 48.3 years | female: 51.3 years", "display": "total: 50.2 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "37.194 million TOKYO (capital), 19.013 million Osaka, 9.569 million Nagoya, 5.490 million Kitakyushu-Fukuoka, 2.937 million Shizuoka-Hamamatsu, 2.666 million Sapporo (2023)", "display": "37.194 million TOKYO (capital), 19.013 million Osaka, 9.569 million Nagoya, 5.490 million Kitakyushu-Fukuoka, 2.937 million Shizuoka-Hamamatsu, 2.666 million Sapporo (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 16 years (2022 est.) | male: 16 years (2022 est.) | female: 16 years (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 16 years (2022 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: none | conventional short form: Japan | local long form: Nihon-koku/Nippon-koku | local short form: Nihon/Nippon | etymology: the English word for Japan comes from the Chinese name for the country, Cipangu; both Nihon and Nippon come from the Japanese words nichi , or \"sun,\" and hon , or \"origin,\" which is frequently translated as \"Land of the Rising Sun\"", "display": "conventional long form: none", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Tokyo | geographic coordinates: 35 41 N, 139 45 E | time difference: UTC+9 (14 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: originally known as Edo, meaning \"estuary\" because of its location on a bay; the name was changed to Tokyo, meaning \"eastern capital,\" in 1868, as a contrast to Kyoto, the previous capital to the west", "display": "name: Tokyo", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary constitutional monarchy", "display": "parliamentary constitutional monarchy", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law system based on German model; also reflects Anglo-American influence and Japanese traditions; Supreme Court reviews legislative acts", "display": "civil law system based on German model; also reflects Anglo-American influence and Japanese traditions; Supreme Court reviews legislative acts", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: previous 1890; latest approved 6 October 1946, adopted 3 November 1946, effective 3 May 1947 | amendment process: proposed by the Diet; passage requires approval by at least two-thirds majority of both houses of the Diet and approval by majority in a referendum", "display": "history: previous 1890; latest approved 6 October 1946, adopted 3 November 1946, effective 3 May 1947", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1946 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "47 prefectures; Aichi, Akita, Aomori, Chiba, Ehime, Fukui, Fukuoka, Fukushima, Gifu, Gunma, Hiroshima, Hokkaido, Hyogo, Ibaraki, Ishikawa, Iwate, Kagawa, Kagoshima, Kanagawa, Kochi, Kumamoto, Kyoto, Mie, Miyagi, Miyazaki, Nagano, Nagasaki, Nara, Niigata, Oita, Okayama, Okinawa, Osaka, Saga, Saitama, Shiga, Shimane, Shizuoka, Tochigi, Tokushima, Tokyo, Tottori, Toyama, Wakayama, Yamagata, Yamaguchi, Yamanashi", "display": "47 prefectures; Aichi, Akita, Aomori, Chiba, Ehime, Fukui, Fukuoka, Fukushima, Gifu, Gunma, Hiroshima, Hokkaido, Hyogo, Ibaraki, Ishikawa, Iwate, Kagawa, Kagoshima, Kanagawa, Koch…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ADB, AfDB (nonregional member), APEC, Arctic Council (observer), ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE (observer), CERN (observer), CICA (observer), CP, CPLP (associate), EAS, EBRD, EITI (implementing country), FAO, FATF, G-5, G-7, G-8, G-10, G-20, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE (partner), Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club, PCA, PIF (partner), Quad, SAARC (observer), SELEC (observer), SICA (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNMISS, UNOOSA, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC", "display": "ADB, AfDB (nonregional member), APEC, Arctic Council (observer), ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE (observer), CERN (observer), CICA (observer), CP, CPLP…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "second-largest East Asian economy; trade-oriented and highly diversified; high public debt levels; following years of near-zero interest rates, gradual increases to address inflation and depreciation of yen; strong rebound in tourism; aging population poses challenges to labor force participation", "display": "second-largest East Asian economy; trade-oriented and highly diversified; high public debt levels; following years of near-zero interest rates, gradual increases to address inflat…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$5.715 trillion (2024 est.) | $5.71 trillion (2023 est.) | $5.627 trillion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$5.715 trillion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 5715.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$46,100 (2024 est.) | $45,900 (2023 est.) | $45,000 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$46,100 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 46100.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "0.1% (2024 est.) | 1.5% (2023 est.) | 0.9% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "0.1% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.7% (2024 est.) | 3.3% (2023 est.) | 2.5% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "2.7% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.027000000000000003, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.6% (2024 est.) | 2.6% (2023 est.) | 2.6% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "2.6% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.026000000000000002, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "motor vehicles, electronic equipment, machine tools, steel and nonferrous metals, ships, chemicals, textiles, processed foods", "display": "motor vehicles, electronic equipment, machine tools, steel and nonferrous metals, ships, chemicals, textiles, processed foods", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "rice, milk, sugar beets, vegetables, eggs, chicken, potatoes, onions, cabbages, pork (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "rice, milk, sugar beets, vegetables, eggs, chicken, potatoes, onions, cabbages, pork (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "cars, integrated circuits, machinery, vehicle parts/accessories, construction vehicles (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "cars, integrated circuits, machinery, vehicle parts/accessories, construction vehicles (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "crude petroleum, natural gas, coal, integrated circuits, broadcasting equipment (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "crude petroleum, natural gas, coal, integrated circuits, broadcasting equipment (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 87% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 87% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.87, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 47.9 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 39 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 47.9 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 47900000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 65.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | nuclear: 8.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 10.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 1.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 7.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | geothermal: 0.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 6.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 65.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "129.504 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "129.504 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "280 (2025)", "display": "280 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 163 (2024) | large: 11 | medium: 26 | small: 54 | very small: 71 | size unknown: 1 | ports with oil terminals: 99 | key ports: Kawasaki Ko, Kobe, Mikawa, Nagasaki, Nagoya Ko, Onomichi-Itozaki, Osaka, Tokyo Ko, Wakamatsu Ko, Wakayama-Shimotsu Ko, Yokohama Ko", "display": "total ports: 163 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 27,311 km (2015) | standard gauge: 4,800 km (2015) 1.435-m gauge (4,800 km electrified) | narrow gauge: 124 km (2015) 1.372-m gauge (124 km electrified) | dual gauge: 132 km (2015) 1.435-1.067-m gauge (132 km electrified) | 22,207 km 1.067-mm gauge (15,430 km electrified) | 48 km 0.762-m gauge (48 km electrified)", "display": "total: 27,311 km (2015)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2015 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 5,229 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 166, container ship 49, general cargo 1,893, oil tanker 666, other 2,455", "display": "total: 5,229 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "air pollution from power plants results in acid rain; acidification of lakes and reservoirs degrading water quality; waste management issues; ongoing environmental clean-up in small area of Fukushima after nuclear accident in 2011", "display": "air pollution from power plants results in acid rain; acidification of lakes and reservoirs degrading water quality; waste management issues; ongoing environmental clean-up in sma…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2011 }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "960.23 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 367.144 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 403.042 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 190.043 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "960.23 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "430 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "430 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 13.5 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 13 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 53 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 13.5 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Cl…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/japan.json" }, { "entity_id": "jersey", "name": "Jersey", "source_code": "GB", "source_entity_class": "dependency-or-territory", "source_region": "Europe", "roadmap_country": null, "coverage_region": null, "roadmap_status": "additional", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 92, "published_fact_count": 40, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 103944.0, "area_sq_km": 116.0, "capital": "Saint Helier", "government_type": "parliamentary democracy (Assembly of the States of Jersey)", "life_expectancy_years": 83.0, "urban_population_percent": 31.2, "internet_users_percent": 41.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": null, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": null, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Jersey and the other Channel Islands represent the last remnants of the medieval Duchy of Normandy that held sway in both France and England. These islands were the only British soil that Germany occupied in World War II. The Bailiwick of Jersey is a British Crown dependency, which means that it is not part of the UK but is rather a self-governing possession of the British Crown. However, the UK Government is constitutionally responsible for its defense and international representation.", "display": "Jersey and the other Channel Islands represent the last remnants of the medieval Duchy of Normandy that held sway in both France and England. These islands were the only British s…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Western Europe, island in the English Channel, northwest of France", "display": "Western Europe, island in the English Channel, northwest of France", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Europe", "display": "Europe", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 116 sq km | land: 116 sq km | water: 0 sq km", "display": "total : 116 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 116.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "70 km", "display": "70 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "gently rolling plain with low, rugged hills along north coast", "display": "gently rolling plain with low, rugged hills along north coast", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "temperate; mild winters and cool summers", "display": "temperate; mild winters and cool summers", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Les Platons 136 m | lowest point: English Channel 0 m", "display": "highest point: Les Platons 136 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "very large tidal variation can be hazardous to navigation", "display": "very large tidal variation can be hazardous to navigation", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "arable land", "display": "arable land", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "fairly even distribution", "display": "fairly even distribution", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 103,944 (2025 est.) | male: 51,317 | female: 52,627", "display": "total: 103,944 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 103944.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.51% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.51% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0051, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 31.2% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.68% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) | note: data include Guernsey and Jersey", "display": "urban population: 31.2% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "English (official) 94.5%, Portuguese 4.6%, other 0.9% (includes French (official) and Jerriais) (2001 est.) | note: data represent main spoken language; the traditional language of Jersey is Jerriais or Jersey French (a Norman language), which was spoken by fewer than 3,000 people as of 2001; two thirds of Jerriais speakers are aged 60 and over", "display": "English (official) 94.5%, Portuguese 4.6%, other 0.9% (includes French (official) and Jerriais) (2001 est.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2001 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Christian 85.2%, Baha'i 0.3%, Hindu 0.1%, Jewish 0.1%, Muslim 0.1%, atheist 1.1%, agnostic 13.1% (2020 est.)", "display": "Christian 85.2%, Baha'i 0.3%, Hindu 0.1%, Jewish 0.1%, Muslim 0.1%, atheist 1.1%, agnostic 13.1% (2020 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 83 years (2024 est.) | male: 80.6 years | female: 85.7 years", "display": "total population: 83 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 83.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 38.5 years (2025 est.) | male: 37 years | female: 39.7 years", "display": "total: 38.5 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "34,000 SAINT HELIER (capital) (2018)", "display": "34,000 SAINT HELIER (capital) (2018)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Bailiwick of Jersey | conventional short form: Jersey | former: Norman Isles | etymology: the name is of Old Norse origin, with - ey meaning \"island;\" \"Jer(s)\" may derive from a person with the Scandinavian name Geirr, meaning \"spear\"", "display": "conventional long form: Bailiwick of Jersey", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Saint Helier | geographic coordinates: 49 11 N, 2 06 W | time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October | etymology: named after Saint HELIER, the patron saint of Jersey, who was reputedly martyred on the island in A.D. 555", "display": "name: Saint Helier", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary democracy (Assembly of the States of Jersey)", "display": "parliamentary democracy (Assembly of the States of Jersey)", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "the laws of the UK apply, as well as local statutes", "display": "the laws of the UK apply, as well as local statutes", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice | amendment process: proposed by a government minister to the Assembly of the States of Jersey, by an Assembly member, or by an elected parish head; passage requires several Assembly readings, a majority vote by the Assembly, review by the UK Ministry of Justice, and approval of the British monarch (Royal Assent)", "display": "history: unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US government, but 12 parishes; Grouville, Saint Brelade, Saint Clement, Saint Helier, Saint John, Saint Lawrence, Saint Martin, Saint Mary, Saint Ouen, Saint Peter, Saint Saviour, Trinity", "display": "no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US government, but 12 parishes; Grouville, Saint Brelade, Saint Clement, Saint Helier, Saint John, Saint Lawrence, Saint…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "UPU", "display": "UPU", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "British territorial island economy; strong offshore banking and finance sectors; low asset taxation; strong tourism sector prior to COVID-19 and Brexit; one of the most expensive places to live; minimal welfare system; historical cider industry", "display": "British territorial island economy; strong offshore banking and finance sectors; low asset taxation; strong tourism sector prior to COVID-19 and Brexit; one of the most expensive…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$5.569 billion (2016 est.) | $5.514 billion (2015 est.) | $4.98 billion (2014 est.) | note: data are in 2015 dollars", "display": "$5.569 billion (2016 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 5.569, "estimate_year": 2016 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3.7% (2023 est.) | 5.3% (2022 est.) | 9.9% (2021 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency; entry includes Jersey and Guernsey", "display": "3.7% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "6.3% (2024 est.) | 6.2% (2023 est.) | 6.2% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment; entry includes Jersey and Guernsey", "display": "6.3% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.063, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "tourism, banking and finance, dairy, electronics", "display": "tourism, banking and finance, dairy, electronics", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "potatoes, cauliflower, tomatoes; beef, dairy products", "display": "potatoes, cauliflower, tomatoes; beef, dairy products", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, beverages, ships, jewelry, artwork (2022) | top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, beverages, ships, jewelry, artwork (2022)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "artwork, ships, vegetables, fruits, jewelry (2022)", "display": "artwork, ships, vegetables, fruits, jewelry (2022)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 41% (2012 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 41% (2012 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.41, "estimate_year": 2012 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 39,699 (2020 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 37 (2020 est.)", "display": "total: 39,699 (2020 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 39699.0, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.) | note: includes Guernsey and Jersey", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "1 (2025)", "display": "1 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 1 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 1 | very small: 0 | ports with oil terminals: 1 | key ports: Saint Helier Harbour", "display": "total ports: 1 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "habitat and species loss; water pollution; improper solid-waste disposal", "display": "habitat and species loss; water pollution; improper solid-waste disposal", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/jersey.json" }, { "entity_id": "jordan", "name": "Jordan", "source_code": "JO", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Middle East", "roadmap_country": "Jordan", "coverage_region": "Asia", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 151, "published_fact_count": 52, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 11312507.0, "area_sq_km": 89342.0, "capital": "Amman", "government_type": "parliamentary constitutional monarchy", "life_expectancy_years": 76.5, "urban_population_percent": 92.0, "internet_users_percent": 93.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 9500.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "After World War I and the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, the League of Nations awarded Britain the mandate to govern much of the Middle East. In 1921, Britain demarcated from Palestine a semi-autonomous region of Transjordan and recognized ABDALLAH I from the Hashemite family as the country's first leader. The Hashemites also controlled the Hijaz, or the western coastal area of modern-day Saudi Arabia, until 1925, when IBN SAUD and Wahhabi tribes pushed them out. The country gained its independence in 1946 and thereafter became the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. The country has had four kings. Long-time ruler King HUSSEIN (r. 1953-99) successfully navigated competing pressures from the major powers (US, UK, and Soviet Union), various Arab states, Israel, and Palestinian militants, the latter of which led to a brief civil war in 1970 that is known as \"Black September\" and ended in King HUSSEIN ousting the militants. | Jordan's borders have changed since it gained independence. In 1948, Jordan took control of the West Bank and East Jerusalem in the first Arab-Israeli War, eventually annexing those territories in 1950 and granting its new Palestinian residents Jordanian citizenship. In 1967, Jordan lost the West Bank and East Jerusalem to Israel in the Six-Day War but retained administrative claims to the West Bank until 1988, when King HUSSEIN permanently relinquished Jordanian claims to the West Bank in favor of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). King HUSSEIN signed a peace treaty with Israel in 1994, after Israel and the PLO signed the Oslo Accords in 1993. | Jordanian kings continue to claim custodianship of the Muslim holy sites in Jerusalem by virtue of their Hashemite heritage as descendants of the Prophet Mohammad and agreements with Israel and Jerusalem-based religious and Palestinian leaders. After Israel captured East Jerusalem in the 1967 War, it authorized the Jordanian-controlled Islamic Trust, or Waqf, to continue administering the Al Haram ash Sharif/Temple Mount holy compound, and the Jordan-Israel peace treaty reaffirmed Jordan's \"special role\" in administering the Muslim holy shrines in Jerusalem. Jordanian kings claim custodianship of the Christian sites in Jerusalem on the basis of the 7th-century Pact of Omar, when the Muslim leader, after conquering Jerusalem, agreed to permit Christian worship. | King HUSSEIN died in 1999 and was succeeded by his eldest son and current King ABDALLAH II. In 2009, ABDALLAH II designated his son HUSSEIN as the Crown Prince. During his reign, ABDALLAH II has contended with a series of challenges, including the Arab Spring influx of refugees from neighboring states, the COVID-19 pandemic, the effects of the war in Ukraine, a perennially weak economy, and the Israel-HAMAS conflict that began in October 2023.", "display": "After World War I and the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, the League of Nations awarded Britain the mandate to govern much of the Middle East. In 1921, Britain demarcated from…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1921 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Middle East, northwest of Saudi Arabia, between Israel (to the west) and Iraq", "display": "Middle East, northwest of Saudi Arabia, between Israel (to the west) and Iraq", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Middle East", "display": "Middle East", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 89,342 sq km | land: 88,802 sq km | water: 540 sq km", "display": "total : 89,342 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 89342.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "26 km", "display": "26 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly arid desert plateau; a great north-south geological rift along the west of the country is the dominant topographical feature and includes the Jordan River Valley, the Dead Sea, and the Jordanian Highlands", "display": "mostly arid desert plateau; a great north-south geological rift along the west of the country is the dominant topographical feature and includes the Jordan River Valley, the Dead…", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly arid desert; rainy season in west (November to April)", "display": "mostly arid desert; rainy season in west (November to April)", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Jabal Umm ad Dami 1,854 m | lowest point: Dead Sea -431 m | mean elevation: 812 m", "display": "highest point: Jabal Umm ad Dami 1,854 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "droughts; periodic earthquakes; flash floods", "display": "droughts; periodic earthquakes; flash floods", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "phosphates, potash, shale oil", "display": "phosphates, potash, shale oil", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "population heavily concentrated in the west, and particularly the northwest, in and around the capital of Amman; a sizeable but smaller population is located in the southwest along the shore of the Gulf of Aqaba", "display": "population heavily concentrated in the west, and particularly the northwest, in and around the capital of Amman; a sizeable but smaller population is located in the southwest alon…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 11,312,507 (2025 est.) | male: 5,908,853 | female: 5,403,654", "display": "total: 11,312,507 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 11312507.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.68% (2025 est.)", "display": "1.68% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0168, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 92% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.98% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 92% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Arabic (official), English (widely understood among upper and middle classes) | major-language sample(s): | كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Arabic (official), English (widely understood among upper and middle classes)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Muslim 97.1% (official; predominantly Sunni), Christian 2.1% (majority Greek Orthodox, but some Greek and Roman Catholics, Syrian Orthodox, Coptic Orthodox, Armenian Orthodox, and Protestant denominations), Buddhist 0.4%, Hindu 0.1%, Jewish <0.1%, folk <0.1%, other <0.1%, unaffiliated <0.1% (2020 est.)", "display": "Muslim 97.1% (official; predominantly Sunni), Christian 2.1% (majority Greek Orthodox, but some Greek and Roman Catholics, Syrian Orthodox, Coptic Orthodox, Armenian Orthodox, and…", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 76.5 years (2024 est.) | male: 75 years | female: 78.1 years", "display": "total population: 76.5 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 76.5, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 25.4 years (2025 est.) | male: 25.5 years | female: 24.4 years", "display": "total: 25.4 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "2.232 million AMMAN (capital) (2023)", "display": "2.232 million AMMAN (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 94.8% (2023 est.) | male: 97.5% (2023 est.) | female: 92.3% (2023 est.)", "display": "total population: 94.8% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 13 years (2023 est.) | male: 13 years (2023 est.) | female: 14 years (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 13 years (2023 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan | conventional short form: Jordan | local long form: Al Mamlakah al Urduniyah al Hashimiyah | local short form: Al Urdun | former: Transjordan | etymology: named for the Jordan River, which makes up part of Jordan's northwest border; the origin of the river's name is unclear, but it may come from a local word meaning \"river\"", "display": "conventional long form: Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Amman | geographic coordinates: 31 57 N, 35 56 E | time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: in the 13th century B.C., the Ammonites named their primary city Rabbath Ammon; rabbath meant \"capital,\" so the name translated as \"The Capital of [the] Ammon[ites];\" over time, the name was shortened to Ammon, and then to Amman", "display": "name: Amman", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary constitutional monarchy", "display": "parliamentary constitutional monarchy", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "mixed system developed from Ottoman Empire codes (based on French law), British common law, and Islamic law", "display": "mixed system developed from Ottoman Empire codes (based on French law), British common law, and Islamic law", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: previous 1928 (pre-independence); latest initially adopted 28 November 1947, revised and ratified 1 January 1952 | amendment process: constitutional amendments require at least a two-thirds majority vote of both the Senate and the House and ratification by the king", "display": "history: previous 1928 (pre-independence); latest initially adopted 28 November 1947, revised and ratified 1 January 1952", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1928 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "12 governorates ( muhafazat , singular - muhafazah ); 'Ajlun, Al 'Aqabah, Al Balqa', Al Karak, Al Mafraq, Al ‘Asimah (Amman), At Tafilah, Az Zarqa', Irbid, Jarash, Ma'an, Madaba", "display": "12 governorates ( muhafazat , singular - muhafazah ); 'Ajlun, Al 'Aqabah, Al Balqa', Al Karak, Al Mafraq, Al ‘Asimah (Amman), At Tafilah, Az Zarqa', Irbid, Jarash, Ma'an, Madaba", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ABEDA, AFESD, AMF, CAEU, CD, CICA, EBRD, FAO, G-11, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAM, NATO (partner), OIC, OPCW, OSCE (partner), PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNOOSA, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ABEDA, AFESD, AMF, CAEU, CD, CICA, EBRD, FAO, G-11, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, I…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "upper-middle-income Middle Eastern economy; high debt and unemployment, especially for youth and women; global events triggering trade slump and decreased revenue from tourism; growing manufacturing and agricultural sectors; key US foreign assistance recipient; natural-resource-poor and import-reliant", "display": "upper-middle-income Middle Eastern economy; high debt and unemployment, especially for youth and women; global events triggering trade slump and decreased revenue from tourism; gr…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$109.986 billion (2024 est.) | $107.315 billion (2023 est.) | $104.307 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$109.986 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 109.986, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$9,500 (2024 est.) | $9,400 (2023 est.) | $9,300 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$9,500 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 9500.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.5% (2024 est.) | 2.9% (2023 est.) | 2.6% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "2.5% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "1.6% (2024 est.) | 2.1% (2023 est.) | 4.2% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "1.6% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.016, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "18% (2024 est.) | 18% (2023 est.) | 18.2% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "18% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.18, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "tourism, information technology, clothing, fertilizer, potash, phosphate mining, pharmaceuticals, petroleum refining, cement, inorganic chemicals, light manufacturing", "display": "tourism, information technology, clothing, fertilizer, potash, phosphate mining, pharmaceuticals, petroleum refining, cement, inorganic chemicals, light manufacturing", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "tomatoes, milk, chicken, potatoes, olives, cucumbers/gherkins, onions, chillies/peppers, peaches/nectarines, sheep milk (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "tomatoes, milk, chicken, potatoes, olives, cucumbers/gherkins, onions, chillies/peppers, peaches/nectarines, sheep milk (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "fertilizers, garments, phosphates, jewelry, phosphoric acid (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "fertilizers, garments, phosphates, jewelry, phosphoric acid (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "cars, refined petroleum, gold, crude petroleum, jewelry (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "cars, refined petroleum, gold, crude petroleum, jewelry (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 93% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 93% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.93, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 805,000 (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 7 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 805,000 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 805000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 100% | electrification - rural areas: 98.9%", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 76.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 15.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 7.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 76.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "32.909 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "32.909 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "18 (2025)", "display": "18 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 1 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 0 | very small: 1 | ports with oil terminals: 1 | key ports: Al Aqabah", "display": "total ports: 1 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 509 km (2020) | narrow gauge: 509 km (2014) 1.050-m gauge", "display": "total: 509 km (2020)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 34 (2023) | by type: general cargo 5, other 29", "display": "total: 34 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "limited natural freshwater resources; declining water table; salination; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; biodiversity and ecosystem damage/loss", "display": "limited natural freshwater resources; declining water table; salination; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; biodiversity and ecosystem damage/loss", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "22.434 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 627,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 13.264 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 8.544 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "22.434 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "937 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "937 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 497.37 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 36.88 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 570.61 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 497.37 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardo…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/jordan.json" }, { "entity_id": "kazakhstan", "name": "Kazakhstan", "source_code": "KZ", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Asia", "roadmap_country": "Kazakhstan", "coverage_region": "Asia", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 154, "published_fact_count": 50, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 20432662.0, "area_sq_km": 2724900.0, "capital": "Astana", "government_type": "presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 73.3, "urban_population_percent": 58.2, "internet_users_percent": 93.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35900.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": true }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Ethnic Kazakhs derive from a mix of Turkic nomadic tribes that migrated to the region in the 15th century. The Russian Empire conquered the Kazakh steppe in the 18th and 19th centuries, and Kazakhstan became a Soviet Republic in 1925. Forced agricultural collectivization led to repression and starvation, resulting in more than a million deaths in the early 1930s. During the 1950s and 1960s, the agricultural \"Virgin Lands\" program generated an influx of settlers -- mostly ethnic Russians, but also other nationalities -- and by the time of Kazakhstan’s independence in 1991, ethnic Kazakhs were a minority. However, non-Muslim ethnic minorities departed Kazakhstan in large numbers from the mid-1990s through the mid-2000s, and a national program has repatriated about a million ethnic Kazakhs (from Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Mongolia, and the Xinjiang region of China) to Kazakhstan. As a result of this shift, the ethnic Kazakh share of the population now exceeds two-thirds. | Kazakhstan's economy is the largest in Central Asia, mainly due to the country's vast natural resources. Current issues include diversifying the economy, attracting foreign direct investment, enhancing Kazakhstan's economic competitiveness, and strengthening economic relations with neighboring states and foreign powers.", "display": "Ethnic Kazakhs derive from a mix of Turkic nomadic tribes that migrated to the region in the 15th century. The Russian Empire conquered the Kazakh steppe in the 18th and 19th cent…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1925 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Central Asia, northwest of China; a small portion west of the Ural (Oral) River in easternmost Europe", "display": "Central Asia, northwest of China; a small portion west of the Ural (Oral) River in easternmost Europe", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Asia", "display": "Asia", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 2,724,900 sq km | land: 2,699,700 sq km | water: 25,200 sq km", "display": "total : 2,724,900 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 2724900.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "0 km (landlocked) | note: Kazakhstan borders the Aral Sea, now split into two bodies of water (1,070 km), and the Caspian Sea (1,894 km)", "display": "0 km (landlocked)", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "vast flat steppe extending from the Volga in the west to the Altai Mountains in the east and from the plains of western Siberia in the north to oases and deserts of Central Asia in the south", "display": "vast flat steppe extending from the Volga in the west to the Altai Mountains in the east and from the plains of western Siberia in the north to oases and deserts of Central Asia i…", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "continental, cold winters and hot summers, arid and semiarid", "display": "continental, cold winters and hot summers, arid and semiarid", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Pik Khan-Tengri 7,010 m | note - the northern most 7,000 meter peak in the World | lowest point: Qauyndy Oyysy -132 m | mean elevation: 387 m", "display": "highest point: Pik Khan-Tengri 7,010 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "earthquakes in the south; mudslides around Almaty", "display": "earthquakes in the south; mudslides around Almaty", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "major deposits of petroleum, natural gas, coal, iron ore, manganese, chrome ore, nickel, cobalt, copper, molybdenum, lead, zinc, bauxite, gold, uranium", "display": "major deposits of petroleum, natural gas, coal, iron ore, manganese, chrome ore, nickel, cobalt, copper, molybdenum, lead, zinc, bauxite, gold, uranium", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "most of the country displays a low population density, particularly the interior; population clusters appear in urban agglomerations in the far northern and southern portions of the country", "display": "most of the country displays a low population density, particularly the interior; population clusters appear in urban agglomerations in the far northern and southern portions of t…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 20,432,662 (2025 est.) | male: 9,902,303 | female: 10,530,359", "display": "total: 20,432,662 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 20432662.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.83% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.83% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0083, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 58.2% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 1.19% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 58.2% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Kazakh (official, Qazaq) 80.1%, Russian 83.7%, English 35.1% (2021 est.) | major-language sample(s): | Әлемдік деректер кітабы, негізгі ақпараттың таптырмайтын көзі. (Kazakh) | Книга фактов о мире – незаменимый источник базовой информации. (Russian) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. | note: percentages are based on population that understands the spoken language", "display": "Kazakh (official, Qazaq) 80.1%, Russian 83.7%, English 35.1% (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Muslim 69.3%, Christian 17.2% (Orthodox 17%, other 0.2%), Buddhism 0.1%, other 0.1%, non-believers 2.3%, unspecified 11% (2021 est.)", "display": "Muslim 69.3%, Christian 17.2% (Orthodox 17%, other 0.2%), Buddhism 0.1%, other 0.1%, non-believers 2.3%, unspecified 11% (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 73.3 years (2024 est.) | male: 69 years | female: 77.9 years", "display": "total population: 73.3 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 73.3, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 32.1 years (2025 est.) | male: 30 years | female: 33.8 years", "display": "total: 32.1 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.987 million Almaty, 1.291 million NUR-SULTAN (capital), 1.155 million Shimkent (2023)", "display": "1.987 million Almaty, 1.291 million NUR-SULTAN (capital), 1.155 million Shimkent (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 14 years (2024 est.) | male: 14 years (2024 est.) | female: 14 years (2024 est.)", "display": "total: 14 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Kazakhstan | conventional short form: Kazakhstan | local long form: Qazaqstan Respublikasy | local short form: Qazaqstan | former: Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic | etymology: the name may derive from the Turkic word kazak, meaning \"nomad;\" the Persian suffix - stan means \"place of\" or \"country\"", "display": "conventional long form: Republic of Kazakhstan", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Astana | geographic coordinates: 51 10 N, 71 25 E | time difference: UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | time zone note: On 1 March 2024, Kazakhstan moved from using two time zones to one | etymology: the name means \"capital city\" in Kazakh | note: founded in 1830 as Akmoly, the capital city became Akmolinsk in 1832, Tselinograd in 1961, Akmola (Aqmola) in 1992, Astana in 1998, and Nur-Sultan in 2019; the latest name change back to Astana in 2022 occurred just three and a half years after the city was renamed to honor a former president, who subsequently fell out of favor", "display": "name: Astana", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "presidential republic", "display": "presidential republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law system influenced by Roman-Germanic law and by the theory and practice of the Russian Federation", "display": "civil law system influenced by Roman-Germanic law and by the theory and practice of the Russian Federation", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: previous 1937, 1978 (pre-independence), 1993; latest approved by referendum 30 August 1995, effective 5 September 1995 | amendment process: introduced by a referendum initiated by the president of the republic, on the recommendation of Parliament, or by the government; the president has the option of submitting draft amendments to Parliament or directly to a referendum; passage of amendments by Parliament requires four-fifths majority vote of both houses and the signature of the president; passage by referendum requires absolute majority vote by more than one half of the voters in at least two thirds of the oblasts, major cities, and the capital, followed by the signature of the president", "display": "history: previous 1937, 1978 (pre-independence), 1993; latest approved by referendum 30 August 1995, effective 5 September 1995", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1937 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "17 provinces ( oblystar , singular - oblys ) and 4 cities* ( qalalar , singular - qala ); Abay (Semey), Almaty (Qonaev), Almaty*, Aqmola (Kokshetau), Aqtobe, Astana*, Atyrau, Batys Qazaqstan [West Kazakhstan] (Oral), Bayqongyr*, Mangghystau (Aqtau), Pavlodar, Qaraghandy, Qostanay, Qyzylorda, Shyghys Qazaqstan [East Kazakhstan] (Oskemen), Shymkent*, Soltustik Qazaqstan [North Kazakhstan] (Petropavl), Turkistan, Ulytau (Zhezqazghan), Zhambyl (Taraz), Zhetisu (Taldyqorghan) | note 1: administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers; exceptions show the administrative center name in parentheses | note 2: in 1995, the Kazakh and Russian governments agreed that Russia would lease for 20 years an area of 6,000 sq km (2,317 sq mi) around the Baikonur space launch facilities and the city of Bayqongyr (Baikonur, formerly Leninsk); in 2004, the lease was extended to 2050", "display": "17 provinces ( oblystar , singular - oblys ) and 4 cities* ( qalalar , singular - qala ); Abay (Semey), Almaty (Qonaev), Almaty*, Aqmola (Kokshetau), Aqtobe, Astana*, Atyrau, Baty…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1995 }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ADB, CICA, CIS, CSTO, EAEU, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, EITI (compliant country), FAO, GCTU, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, MINURSO, NAM (observer), NSG, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SCO, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNOOSA, UN Security Council (temporary), UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC", "display": "ADB, CICA, CIS, CSTO, EAEU, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, EITI (compliant country), FAO, GCTU, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "upper-middle-income Central Asian economy; robust growth due to rising oil production, expansion in manufacturing and services, rising domestic demand, and infrastructure investments; however, rapid growth contributing to high inflation rate; declining unemployment and poverty rates", "display": "upper-middle-income Central Asian economy; robust growth due to rising oil production, expansion in manufacturing and services, rising domestic demand, and infrastructure investme…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$739.385 billion (2024 est.) | $705.52 billion (2023 est.) | $671.285 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$739.385 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 739.385, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$35,900 (2024 est.) | $34,700 (2023 est.) | $33,500 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$35,900 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 35900.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "4.8% (2024 est.) | 5.1% (2023 est.) | 3.2% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "4.8% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "8.8% (2024 est.) | 14.7% (2023 est.) | 15% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "8.8% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.08800000000000001, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "4.8% (2024 est.) | 4.9% (2023 est.) | 4.9% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "4.8% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.048, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "oil, coal, iron ore, manganese, chromite, lead, zinc, copper, titanium, bauxite, gold, silver, phosphates, sulfur, uranium, iron and steel; tractors and other agricultural machinery, electric motors, construction materials", "display": "oil, coal, iron ore, manganese, chromite, lead, zinc, copper, titanium, bauxite, gold, silver, phosphates, sulfur, uranium, iron and steel; tractors and other agricultural machine…", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "wheat, milk, barley, potatoes, watermelons, cantaloupes/melons, sunflower seeds, maize, onions, tomatoes (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "wheat, milk, barley, potatoes, watermelons, cantaloupes/melons, sunflower seeds, maize, onions, tomatoes (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "crude petroleum, gold, radioactive chemicals, refined copper, copper ore (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "crude petroleum, gold, radioactive chemicals, refined copper, copper ore (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "garments, cars, broadcasting equipment, vehicle bodies, packaged medicine (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "garments, cars, broadcasting equipment, vehicle bodies, packaged medicine (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 93% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 93% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.93, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 3.59 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 18 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 3.59 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 3590000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 87.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 1.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 2.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 8.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 87.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "172.936 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "172.936 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "132 (2025)", "display": "132 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 16,636 km (2021) | broad gauge: 16,636 km (2021) 1.520-m gauge (4,237 km electrified)", "display": "total: 16,636 km (2021)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 122 (2023) | by type: general cargo 3, oil tanker 7, other 112", "display": "total: 122 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "radioactive or toxic chemical sites from former defense industries; severe industrial pollution in some cities; air and soil pollution (including dust storms) from chemical pesticides and natural salts left after two rivers were diverted; soil pollution from overuse of agricultural chemicals; salination from infrastructure and irrigation practices; water pollution; desertification", "display": "radioactive or toxic chemical sites from former defense industries; severe industrial pollution in some cities; air and soil pollution (including dust storms) from chemical pestic…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "269.83 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 175.848 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 50.387 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 43.596 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "269.83 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "108.41 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "108.41 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 4.877 billion cubic meters (2022) | industrial: 5.995 billion cubic meters (2022) | agricultural: 14.264 billion cubic meters (2022)", "display": "municipal: 4.877 billion cubic meters (2022)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Air Pollution, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Air Pollution, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertifica…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/kazakhstan.json" }, { "entity_id": "kenya", "name": "Kenya", "source_code": "KE", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Africa", "roadmap_country": "Kenya", "coverage_region": "Africa", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 154, "published_fact_count": 50, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 55751717.0, "area_sq_km": 580367.0, "capital": "Nairobi", "government_type": "presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 70.4, "urban_population_percent": 29.5, "internet_users_percent": 35.0, "electricity_access_percent": 76.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 5800.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Trade centers such as Mombasa have existed along the Kenyan and Tanzanian coastlines, known as the Land of Zanj, since at least the 2nd century. These centers traded with the outside world, including China, India, Indonesia, the Middle East, North Africa, and Persia. By around the 9th century, the mix of Africans, Arabs, and Persians who lived and traded there became known as Swahili (\"people of the coast\") with a distinct language (KiSwahili) and culture. The Portuguese arrived in the 1490s and, using Mombasa as a base, sought to monopolize trade in the Indian Ocean. The Portuguese were pushed out in the late 1600s by the combined forces of Oman and Pate, an island off the coast. In 1890, Germany and the UK divided up the region, with the UK taking the north and the Germans the south, including present-day Tanzania, Burundi, and Rwanda. In 1895, the British established the East Africa Protectorate, which in 1920 was converted into a colony, and named Kenya after its highest mountain. Numerous political disputes between the colony and the UK led to the violent Mau Mau Uprising, which began in 1952, and the eventual declaration of independence in 1963. Jomo KENYATTA, the founding president and an icon of the liberation struggle, led Kenya from independence in 1963 until his death in 1978, when Vice President Daniel Arap MOI took power in a constitutional succession. The country was a de facto one-party state from 1969 until 1982, after which time the ruling Kenya African National Union (KANU) changed the constitution to make itself the sole legal political party. MOI gave in to internal and external pressure for political liberalization in 1991, but the ethnically fractured opposition failed to dislodge KANU from power in elections in 1992 and 1997, which were marred by violence and fraud. MOI stepped down in 2002 after fair and peaceful elections. Mwai KIBAKI, running as the candidate of the multiethnic, united opposition group, the National Rainbow Coalition (NARC), defeated KANU candidate Uhuru KENYATTA, the son of the founding president, and assumed the presidency following a campaign centered on an anticorruption platform. | Opposition candidate Raila ODINGA challenged KIBAKI's reelection in 2007 on the grounds of widespread vote rigging, leading to two months of ethnic violence that caused more than 1,100 deaths and displaced hundreds of thousands. African Union-sponsored mediation resulted in a power-sharing accord that brought ODINGA into the government as prime minister and outlined a reform agenda. In 2010, Kenyans overwhelmingly voted to adopt a new constitution that eliminated the prime minister, introduced additional checks and balances to executive power, and devolved power and resources to 47 newly created counties. Uhuru KENYATTA won the first presidential election under the new constitution in 2013. He won a second and final term in office in 2017 after a contentious repeat election. In 2022, William RUTO won a close presidential election; he assumed the office the following month after the Kenyan Supreme Court upheld the victory.", "display": "Trade centers such as Mombasa have existed along the Kenyan and Tanzanian coastlines, known as the Land of Zanj, since at least the 2nd century. These centers traded with the outs…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1920 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Somalia and Tanzania", "display": "Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Somalia and Tanzania", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Africa", "display": "Africa", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 580,367 sq km | land: 569,140 sq km | water: 11,227 sq km", "display": "total : 580,367 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 580367.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "536 km", "display": "536 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "low plains rise to central highlands bisected by Great Rift Valley; fertile plateau in west", "display": "low plains rise to central highlands bisected by Great Rift Valley; fertile plateau in west", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "varies from tropical along coast to arid in interior", "display": "varies from tropical along coast to arid in interior", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Mount Kenya 5,199 m | lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m | mean elevation: 762 m", "display": "highest point: Mount Kenya 5,199 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "recurring drought; flooding during rainy seasons | volcanism: limited volcanic activity; the Barrier (1,032 m) last erupted in 1921; South Island is the only other historically active volcano", "display": "recurring drought; flooding during rainy seasons", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1921 }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "limestone, soda ash, salt, gemstones, fluorspar, zinc, diatomite, gypsum, wildlife, hydropower", "display": "limestone, soda ash, salt, gemstones, fluorspar, zinc, diatomite, gypsum, wildlife, hydropower", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "population heavily concentrated in the west along the shore of Lake Victoria; other areas of high density include the capital of Nairobi, and in the southeast along the Indian Ocean coast, as shown in this population distribution map", "display": "population heavily concentrated in the west along the shore of Lake Victoria; other areas of high density include the capital of Nairobi, and in the southeast along the Indian Oce…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 55,751,717 (2025 est.) | male: 27,857,519 | female: 27,894,198", "display": "total: 55,751,717 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 55751717.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "2.15% (2025 est.)", "display": "2.15% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0215, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 29.5% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 4.09% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 29.5% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "English (official), Kiswahili (official), numerous indigenous languages | major-language sample(s): | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. (English) | The World Factbook, Chanzo cha Lazima Kuhusu Habari ya Msingi. (Kiswahili)", "display": "English (official), Kiswahili (official), numerous indigenous languages", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Christian 85.5% (Protestant 33.4%, Catholic 20.6%, Evangelical 20.4%, African Instituted Churches 7%, other Christian 4.1%), Muslim 10.9%, other 1.8%, none 1.6%, don't know/no answer 0.2% (2019 est.)", "display": "Christian 85.5% (Protestant 33.4%, Catholic 20.6%, Evangelical 20.4%, African Instituted Churches 7%, other Christian 4.1%), Muslim 10.9%, other 1.8%, none 1.6%, don't know/no ans…", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2019 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 70.4 years (2024 est.) | male: 68.6 years | female: 72.2 years", "display": "total population: 70.4 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 70.4, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 21.5 years (2025 est.) | male: 21.1 years | female: 21.4 years", "display": "total: 21.5 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "5.325 million NAIROBI (capital), 1.440 million Mombassa (2023)", "display": "5.325 million NAIROBI (capital), 1.440 million Mombassa (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Kenya | conventional short form: Kenya | local long form: Republic of Kenya (English)/ Jamhuri ya Kenya (Swahili) | local short form: Kenya | former: British East Africa | etymology: named for Mount Kenya; the mountain's name may derive from the Kikuyu word kere nyaga , or \"white mountain\"", "display": "conventional long form: Republic of Kenya", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Nairobi | geographic coordinates: 1 17 S, 36 49 E | time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: the name derives from the Maasai expression meaning \"cool waters,\" which was used to refer to a local water hole, Enkare Nairobi", "display": "name: Nairobi", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "presidential republic", "display": "presidential republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "mixed system of English common law, Islamic law, and customary law; Supreme Court reviews laws", "display": "mixed system of English common law, Islamic law, and customary law; Supreme Court reviews laws", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: current constitution passed by referendum on 4 August 2010 | amendment process: amendments can be proposed by either house of Parliament or by petition of at least one million eligible voters; passage of amendments by Parliament requires approval by at least two-thirds majority vote of both houses in each of two readings, approval in a referendum by majority of votes cast by at least 20% of eligible voters in at least one half of Kenya’s counties, and approval by the president; passage of amendments introduced by petition requires approval by a majority of county assemblies, approval by majority vote of both houses, and approval by the president", "display": "history: current constitution passed by referendum on 4 August 2010", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2010 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "47 counties; Baringo, Bomet, Bungoma, Busia, Elgeyo/Marakwet, Embu, Garissa, Homa Bay, Isiolo, Kajiado, Kakamega, Kericho, Kiambu, Kilifi, Kirinyaga, Kisii, Kisumu, Kitui, Kwale, Laikipia, Lamu, Machakos, Makueni, Mandera, Marsabit, Meru, Migori, Mombasa, Murang'a, Nairobi City, Nakuru, Nandi, Narok, Nyamira, Nyandarua, Nyeri, Samburu, Siaya, Taita/Taveta, Tana River, Tharaka-Nithi, Trans Nzoia, Turkana, Uasin Gishu, Vihiga, Wajir, West Pokot", "display": "47 counties; Baringo, Bomet, Bungoma, Busia, Elgeyo/Marakwet, Embu, Garissa, Homa Bay, Isiolo, Kajiado, Kakamega, Kericho, Kiambu, Kilifi, Kirinyaga, Kisii, Kisumu, Kitui, Kwale,…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACP, AfDB, ATMIS, AU, C, CD, COMESA, EAC, EADB, FAO, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCT, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOOSA, UNSOM, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ACP, AfDB, ATMIS, AU, C, CD, COMESA, EAC, EADB, FAO, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCT, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "fast growing, third largest Sub-Saharan economy; strong agriculture sector with emerging services and tourism industries; IMF program to address current account and debt service challenges; business-friendly policies foster infrastructure investment, digital innovation and public-private partnerships; vulnerable to climate change-induced droughts", "display": "fast growing, third largest Sub-Saharan economy; strong agriculture sector with emerging services and tourism industries; IMF program to address current account and debt service c…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$328.632 billion (2024 est.) | $314.491 billion (2023 est.) | $297.938 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$328.632 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 328.632, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$5,800 (2024 est.) | $5,700 (2023 est.) | $5,500 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$5,800 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 5800.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "4.5% (2024 est.) | 5.6% (2023 est.) | 4.9% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "4.5% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "4.5% (2024 est.) | 7.7% (2023 est.) | 7.7% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "4.5% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.045, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "5.5% (2024 est.) | 5.6% (2023 est.) | 5.8% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "5.5% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.055, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "agriculture, transportation, services, manufacturing, construction, 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"tea, cut flowers, garments, gold, tropical fruits (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, palm oil, wheat, plastics, garments (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, palm oil, wheat, plastics, garments (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 35% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 35% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.35, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 1.32 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 2 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 1.32 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 1320000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 76% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 98% | electrification - rural areas: 65.6%", "display": "electrification - total population: 76% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 10.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 4.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 15.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 20.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | geothermal: 47.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 1.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 10.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "5.486 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "5.486 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "368 (2025)", "display": "368 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 4 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 1 | small: 2 | very small: 1 | ports with oil terminals: 1 | key ports: Kilifi, Lamu, Malindi, Mombasa", "display": "total ports: 4 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 3,819 km (2018) | standard gauge: 485 km (2018) 1.435-m gauge | narrow gauge: 3,334 km (2018) 1.000-m gauge", "display": "total: 3,819 km (2018)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 26 (2023) | by type: oil tanker 4, other 22", "display": "total: 26 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "water pollution from urban and industrial wastes and from use of pesticides and fertilizers; flooding; water-hyacinth infestation in Lake Victoria; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; poaching", "display": "water pollution from urban and industrial wastes and from use of pesticides and fertilizers; flooding; water-hyacinth infestation in Lake Victoria; deforestation; soil erosion; de…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "19.023 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 3.316 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 15.707 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "19.023 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "30.7 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "30.7 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 495 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 303 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 3.234 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 495 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardo…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/kenya.json" }, { "entity_id": "kiribati", "name": "Kiribati", "source_code": "KI", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Oceania", "roadmap_country": "Kiribati", "coverage_region": "Oceania", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 127, "published_fact_count": 47, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 116545.0, "area_sq_km": 811.0, "capital": "Tarawa", "government_type": "presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 68.5, "urban_population_percent": 57.8, "internet_users_percent": 88.0, "electricity_access_percent": 94.4, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 3300.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Kiribati is made up of three distinct island groups -- the Gilbert Islands, the Line Islands, and the Phoenix Islands. The first Austronesian voyagers arrived in the Gilbert Islands as early as 3000 B.C., but these islands were not widely settled until about A.D. 200 by Micronesians. Around 1300, Samoans and Tongans invaded the southern Gilbert Islands, then known as Tungaru, bringing Polynesian cultural elements with them. Later arrivals of Fijians brought Melanesian elements to the Gilbert Islands, and extensive intermarriage between the Micronesian, Polynesian, and Melanesian people led to the creation of what would become Gilbertese cultural traditions by the time Europeans spotted the islands in the 1600s. The Phoenix Islands and Line Islands were both visited by various Melanesian and Polynesian peoples, but their isolation and lack of natural resources meant that long-term settlements were not possible. Both island groups were uninhabited by the time of European contact. | Kiribati experienced sustained European contact by the 1760s; all three island groups were named and charted by 1826. American whaling ships frequently passed through the islands, and the UK declared a protectorate over the Gilbert and nearby Ellice Islands in 1892, in an attempt to block growing US influence. Phosphate-rich Banaba Island was annexed to the protectorate in 1900. In 1916, the protectorate became a colony, and some Line Islands were added in 1916 and 1919, with the final ones added in 1972. The Phoenix Islands were added to the colony in 1937, and the UK agreed to share jurisdiction of some with the US because of their strategic location for aviation. During World War II, the islands were occupied by Japanese forces but were ejected by US amphibious assaults. The Ellice Islands became its own colony in 1974 and was renamed Tuvalu for “eight standing together” in 1975. The Gilbert Islands became fully self-governing in 1977 and independent in 1979 under the new name of Kiribati, the Gilbertese spelling of Gilberts. The US relinquished all claims to the sparsely inhabited Phoenix and Line Islands in a 1979 treaty of friendship. | In 2012, Kiribati purchased a 22 sq km (8.5 sq mi) plot of land in Fiji for potential eventual resettlement of its population because of climate change, and in 2014 Fijian Prime Minister Voreqe BAINIMARAMA said residents of Kiribati would be welcome to relocate to Fiji if their country is swamped by rising sea levels.", "display": "Kiribati is made up of three distinct island groups -- the Gilbert Islands, the Line Islands, and the Phoenix Islands. The first Austronesian voyagers arrived in the Gilbert Islan…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1900 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Oceania, group of 32 coral atolls and one raised coral island in the Pacific Ocean, straddling the Equator; the capital Tarawa is about halfway between Hawaii and Australia", "display": "Oceania, group of 32 coral atolls and one raised coral island in the Pacific Ocean, straddling the Equator; the capital Tarawa is about halfway between Hawaii and Australia", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Oceania", "display": "Oceania", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 811 sq km | land: 811 sq km | water: 0 sq km | note: includes three island groups -- Gilbert Islands, Line Islands, and Phoenix Islands -- dispersed over about 3.5 million sq km (1.35 million sq mi)", "display": "total : 811 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 811.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "1,143 km", "display": "1,143 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly low-lying coral atolls surrounded by extensive reefs", "display": "mostly low-lying coral atolls surrounded by extensive reefs", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical; marine, hot and humid, moderated by trade winds", "display": "tropical; marine, hot and humid, moderated by trade winds", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: unnamed elevation on Banaba 81 m | lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m | mean elevation: 2 m", "display": "highest point: unnamed elevation on Banaba 81 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "typhoons can occur any time, but usually November to March; occasional tornadoes; low level of some of the islands make them sensitive to changes in sea level", "display": "typhoons can occur any time, but usually November to March; occasional tornadoes; low level of some of the islands make them sensitive to changes in sea level", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "phosphate (production discontinued in 1979), coconuts (copra), fish", "display": "phosphate (production discontinued in 1979), coconuts (copra), fish", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1979 }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "consists of three archipelagos spread out over an area roughly the size of India; the eastern Line Islands and central Phoenix Islands are sparsely populated, but the western Gilbert Islands are some of the most densely settled places on earth, with the main island of South Tarawa boasting a population density similar to Tokyo or Hong Kong", "display": "consists of three archipelagos spread out over an area roughly the size of India; the eastern Line Islands and central Phoenix Islands are sparsely populated, but the western Gilb…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 116,545 (2024 est.) | male: 56,364 | female: 60,181", "display": "total: 116,545 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 116545.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.98% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.98% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0098, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 57.8% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 2.77% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 57.8% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Gilbertese, English (official)", "display": "Gilbertese, English (official)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Roman Catholic 58.9%, Kiribati Uniting Church 21.2%, Kiribati Protestant Church 8.4%, Church of Jesus Christ 5.6%, Seventh Day Adventist 2.1%, Baha'i 2.1%, other 1.7% (2020 est.)", "display": "Roman Catholic 58.9%, Kiribati Uniting Church 21.2%, Kiribati Protestant Church 8.4%, Church of Jesus Christ 5.6%, Seventh Day Adventist 2.1%, Baha'i 2.1%, other 1.7% (2020 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 68.5 years (2024 est.) | male: 65.9 years | female: 71.3 years", "display": "total population: 68.5 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 68.5, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 27.7 years (2025 est.) | male: 26.4 years | female: 28.2 years", "display": "total: 27.7 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "64,000 TARAWA (capital) (2018)", "display": "64,000 TARAWA (capital) (2018)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 98.6% (2020 est.) | male: 98.6% (2020 est.) | female: 98.9% (2020 est.)", "display": "total population: 98.6% (2020 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Kiribati | conventional short form: Kiribati | local long form: Republic of Kiribati | local short form: Kiribati | former: Gilbert Islands | etymology: the name is the local pronunciation of \"Gilbert,\" the former designation of the islands; originally named after explorer Thomas GILBERT, who mapped many of the islands in 1788 | note: pronounced keer-ree-bahss", "display": "conventional long form: Republic of Kiribati", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Tarawa | geographic coordinates: 1 21 N, 173 02 E | time difference: UTC+12 (17 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | time zone note: Kiribati has three time zones: the Gilbert Islands group at UTC+12, the Phoenix Islands at UTC+13, and the Line Islands at UTC+14 | etymology: the name is said to derive from the I-Kiribati words te (the) and rawa (run), referring to a channel through a nearby reef", "display": "name: Tarawa", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "presidential republic", "display": "presidential republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "English common law supplemented by customary law", "display": "English common law supplemented by customary law", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: The Gilbert and Ellice Islands Order in Council 1915, The Gilbert Islands Order in Council 1975 (pre-independence); latest promulgated 12 July 1979 (at independence) | amendment process: proposed by the House of Assembly; passage requires two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly membership; passage of amendments affecting the constitutional section on amendment procedures and parts of the constitutional chapter on citizenship requires deferral of the proposal to the next Assembly meeting where approval is required by at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly membership and support of the nominated or elected Banaban member of the Assembly; amendments affecting the protection of fundamental rights and freedoms also requires approval by at least two-thirds majority in a referendum", "display": "history: The Gilbert and Ellice Islands Order in Council 1915, The Gilbert Islands Order in Council 1975 (pre-independence); latest promulgated 12 July 1979 (at independence)", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1915 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "3 geographical units: Gilbert Islands, Line Islands, Phoenix Islands; there are no first-order administrative divisions, but the 6 districts are Banaba, Central Gilberts, Line Islands, Northern Gilberts, Southern Gilberts, Tarawa, with 21 island councils on Abaiang, Abemama, Aranuka, Arorae, Banaba, Beru, Butaritari, Kanton, Kiritimati, Kuria, Maiana, Makin, Marakei, Nikunau, Nonouti, Onotoa, Tabiteuea, Tabuaeran, Tamana, Tarawa, Teraina", "display": "3 geographical units: Gilbert Islands, Line Islands, Phoenix Islands; there are no first-order administrative divisions, but the 6 districts are Banaba, Central Gilberts, Line Isl…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ABEDA, ACP, ADB, AOSIS, C, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IOC, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNDP, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO", "display": "ABEDA, ACP, ADB, AOSIS, C, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IOC, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNDP, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO,…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "lower-middle income, Pacific island economy; environmentally fragile; sizable remittances; key phosphate mining fund; tourism and fishing industries; public sector-dominated economy; recent withdrawal from Pacific Islands Forum; ongoing constitutional crisis", "display": "lower-middle income, Pacific island economy; environmentally fragile; sizable remittances; key phosphate mining fund; tourism and fishing industries; public sector-dominated econo…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$438.143 million (2024 est.) | $416.221 million (2023 est.) | $405.468 million (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$438.143 million (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 0.43814299999999995, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$3,300 (2024 est.) | $3,100 (2023 est.) | $3,100 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$3,300 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 3300.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "5.3% (2024 est.) | 2.7% (2023 est.) | 4.6% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "5.3% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "9.3% (2023 est.) | 5.3% (2022 est.) | 2.1% (2021 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "9.3% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.09300000000000001, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "fishing, handicrafts", "display": "fishing, handicrafts", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "coconuts, bananas, vegetables, taro, tropical fruits, pork, chicken, nuts, eggs, pork offal (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "coconuts, bananas, vegetables, taro, tropical fruits, pork, chicken, nuts, eggs, pork offal (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "fish, coconut oil (2023) | note: top export commodities based on value in dollars over $500,000", "display": "fish, coconut oil (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "ships, centrifuges, refined petroleum, rice, raw sugar (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "ships, centrifuges, refined petroleum, rice, raw sugar (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 88% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 88% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.88, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 0 (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2023 est.) less than 1", "display": "total: 0 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 0.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 94.4% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 86% | electrification - rural areas: 94.3% (2020 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 94.4% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 81.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 18.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 81.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "8.578 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "8.578 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "21 (2025)", "display": "21 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 3 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 0 | very small: 3 | ports with oil terminals: 0 | key ports: Canton Island, English Harbor, Tarawa Atoll", "display": "total ports: 3 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 74 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 2, general cargo 24, oil tanker 11, other 37", "display": "total: 74 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "heavy pollution in lagoon of south Tarawa atoll due to overcrowding mixed with traditional practices such as lagoon latrines and open-pit dumping; coastal erosion", "display": "heavy pollution in lagoon of south Tarawa atoll due to overcrowding mixed with traditional practices such as lagoon latrines and open-pit dumping; coastal erosion", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "81,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 81,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "81,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of th…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/kiribati.json" }, { "entity_id": "korea-north", "name": "Korea, North", "source_code": "KP", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Asia", "roadmap_country": "North Korea", "coverage_region": "Asia", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 125, "published_fact_count": 47, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 26402841.0, "area_sq_km": 120538.0, "capital": "Pyongyang", "government_type": "dictatorship, single-party communist state", "life_expectancy_years": 73.5, "urban_population_percent": 63.2, "internet_users_percent": null, "electricity_access_percent": 54.7, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 600.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2023, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "The first recorded kingdom (Choson) on the Korean Peninsula dates from approximately 2300 B.C. Over the subsequent centuries, three main kingdoms -- Kogoryo, Paekche, and Silla -- were established on the Peninsula. By the 5 th century A.D., Kogoryo emerged as the most powerful, with control over much of the Peninsula and part of Manchuria (modern-day northeast China). However, Silla allied with the Chinese to create the first unified Korean state in 688. Following the collapse of Silla in the 9 th century, Korea was unified under the Koryo (Goryeo; 918-1392) and the Chosen (Joseon; 1392-1910) dynasties. Korea became the object of intense imperialistic rivalry among the Chinese (its traditional benefactor), Japanese, and Russian empires in the latter half of the 19th and early 20 th centuries. After the Sino-Japanese War (1894-95) and the Russo-Japanese War (1904-05), Korea was occupied by Imperial Japan. In 1910, Japan formally annexed the entire peninsula. After World War II, the northern half came under Soviet-sponsored communist control. | In 1948, North Korea (formally known as the Democratic People's Republic of Korea or DPRK) was founded under President KIM Il Sung, who consolidated power and cemented autocratic one-party rule under the Korean Worker's Party (KWP). North Korea failed to conquer UN-backed South Korea (formally the Republic of Korea or ROK) during the Korean War (1950-53), after which a demilitarized zone separated the two Koreas. KIM's authoritarian rule included tight control over North Korean citizens and the demonization of the US as the central threat to North Korea's political and social system. In addition, he molded the country's economic, military, and political policies around the core objective of unifying Korea under Pyongyang's control. North Korea also declared a central ideology of juche (\" self-reliance\") as a check against outside influence, while continuing to rely heavily on China and the Soviet Union for economic support. KIM Il Sung's son, KIM Jong Il, was officially designated as his father's successor in 1980, and he assumed a growing political and managerial role until the elder KIM's death in 1994. Under KIM Jong Il's reign, North Korea continued developing nuclear weapons and ballistic missiles. KIM Jong Un was publicly unveiled as his father's successor in 2010. Following KIM Jong Il's death in 2011, KIM Jong Un quickly assumed power and has since occupied the regime's highest political and military posts. | After the end of Soviet aid in 1991, North Korea faced serious economic setbacks that exacerbated decades of economic mismanagement and resource misallocation. Since the mid-1990s, North Korea has faced chronic food shortages and economic stagnation. In recent years, the North's domestic agricultural production has improved but still falls far short of producing sufficient food for its population. Starting in 2002, North Korea began to tolerate semi-private markets but has made few other efforts to meet its goal of improving the overall standard of living. New economic development plans in the 2010s failed to meet government-mandated goals for key industrial sectors, food production, or overall economic performance. At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, North Korea instituted a nationwide lockdown that severely restricted its economy and international engagement. Since then, KIM has repeatedly expressed concerns with the regime's economic failures and food problems, but in 2021, he vowed to continue \"self-reliant\" policies and has reinvigorated his pursuit of greater regime control of the economy. | As of 2024, despite slowly renewing cross-border trade with China, North Korea remained one of the world's most isolated countries and one of Asia's poorest. In 2024, Pyongyang announced it was ending all economic cooperation with South Korea. The move followed earlier proclamations that it was scrapping a 2018 military pact with South Korea to de-escalate tensions along their militarized border, abandoning the country’s decades-long pursuit of peaceful unification with South Korea, and designating the South as North Korea’s “principal enemy.”", "display": "The first recorded kingdom (Choson) on the Korean Peninsula dates from approximately 2300 B.C. Over the subsequent centuries, three main kingdoms -- Kogoryo, Paekche, and Silla --…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1910 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Eastern Asia, northern half of the Korean Peninsula bordering the Korea Bay and the Sea of Japan, between China and South Korea", "display": "Eastern Asia, northern half of the Korean Peninsula bordering the Korea Bay and the Sea of Japan, between China and South Korea", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Asia", "display": "Asia", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 120,538 sq km | land: 120,408 sq km | water: 130 sq km", "display": "total : 120,538 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 120538.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "2,495 km", "display": "2,495 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly hills and mountains separated by deep, narrow valleys; wide coastal plains in west, discontinuous in east", "display": "mostly hills and mountains separated by deep, narrow valleys; wide coastal plains in west, discontinuous in east", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "temperate, with rainfall concentrated in summer; long, bitter winters", "display": "temperate, with rainfall concentrated in summer; long, bitter winters", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Paektu-san 2,744 m | lowest point: Sea of Japan 0 m | mean elevation: 600 m", "display": "highest point: Paektu-san 2,744 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "late spring droughts often followed by severe flooding; occasional typhoons during the early fall | volcanism: P'aektu-san (2,744 m) (also known as Baitoushan, Baegdu, or Changbaishan), on the Chinese border, is considered historically active", "display": "late spring droughts often followed by severe flooding; occasional typhoons during the early fall", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "coal, iron ore, limestone, magnesite, graphite, copper, zinc, lead, precious metals, hydropower", "display": "coal, iron ore, limestone, magnesite, graphite, copper, zinc, lead, precious metals, hydropower", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "population concentrated in the plains and lowlands; least-populated regions are the mountainous provinces adjacent to the Chinese border; largest concentrations are in the western provinces, particularly the municipal district of Pyongyang, and around Hungnam and Wonsan in the east", "display": "population concentrated in the plains and lowlands; least-populated regions are the mountainous provinces adjacent to the Chinese border; largest concentrations are in the western…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 26,402,841 (2025 est.) | male: 12,884,269 | female: 13,518,572", "display": "total: 26,402,841 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 26402841.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.4% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.4% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.004, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 63.2% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.85% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 63.2% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Korean | major-language sample(s): | 월드 팩트북, 필수적인 기본 정보 제공처 (Korean) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Korean", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "traditionally Buddhist and Confucian, some Christian and syncretic Chondogyo (Religion of the Heavenly Way) | note: autonomous religious activities now almost nonexistent; government-sponsored religious groups exist to provide illusion of religious freedom", "display": "traditionally Buddhist and Confucian, some Christian and syncretic Chondogyo (Religion of the Heavenly Way)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 73.5 years (2024 est.) | male: 70.2 years | female: 77 years", "display": "total population: 73.5 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 73.5, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 36.2 years (2025 est.) | male: 34.5 years | female: 37.4 years", "display": "total: 36.2 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "3.158 million PYONGYANG (capital) (2023)", "display": "3.158 million PYONGYANG (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 12 years (2018 est.) | male: 12 years (2018 est.) | female: 12 years (2018 est.)", "display": "total: 12 years (2018 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Democratic People's Republic of Korea | conventional short form: North Korea | local long form: Choson-minjujuui-inmin-konghwaguk | local short form: Choson | abbreviation: DPRK | etymology: derived from the Chinese name for Goryeo, which was the Korean dynasty that united the peninsula in the 10th century A.D.; the North Korean name \"Choson\" means \"[Land of the] Morning Calm\"", "display": "conventional long form: Democratic People's Republic of Korea", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Pyongyang | geographic coordinates: 39 01 N, 125 45 E | time difference: UTC+9 (14 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | time zone note: on 5 May 2018, North Korea reverted to UTC+9, the same time zone as South Korea | etymology: the name translates as \"flat land\" in Korean", "display": "name: Pyongyang", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "dictatorship, single-party communist state", "display": "dictatorship, single-party communist state", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law system based on the Prussian model; influenced by Japanese traditions and Communist legal theory", "display": "civil law system based on the Prussian model; influenced by Japanese traditions and Communist legal theory", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: previous 1948, 1972; latest adopted 1998 | amendment process: proposed by the Supreme People’s Assembly (SPA); passage requires more than two-thirds majority vote of the total SPA membership", "display": "history: previous 1948, 1972; latest adopted 1998", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1948 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "9 provinces ( do , singular and plural) and 4 special administration cities ( si , singular and plural) | provinces: Chagang, Hambuk (North Hamgyong), Hamnam (South Hamgyong), Hwangbuk (North Hwanghae), Hwangnam (South Hwanghae), Kangwon, P'yongbuk (North Pyongan), P'yongnam (South Pyongan), Ryanggang | special administration cities: Kaesong, Nampo, P'yongyang, Rason | note: P'yongyang is considered a directly controlled city; Kaesong, Nampo, and Rason are designated as special cities", "display": "9 provinces ( do , singular and plural) and 4 special administration cities ( si , singular and plural)", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ARF, FAO, G-77, ICAO, ICRM, IFAD, IFRCS, IHO, IMO, IMSO, IOC, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, NAM, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO", "display": "ARF, FAO, G-77, ICAO, ICRM, IFAD, IFRCS, IHO, IMO, IMSO, IOC, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, NAM, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "one of the last centrally planned economies; hard hit by COVID-19, crop failures, international sanctions, and isolationist policies; declining growth and trade, and heavily reliant on China; poor exchange rate stability; economic data integrity issues", "display": "one of the last centrally planned economies; hard hit by COVID-19, crop failures, international sanctions, and isolationist policies; declining growth and trade, and heavily relia…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$15.416 billion (2023 est.) | $14.959 billion (2022 est.) | $14.982 billion (2021 est.) | note: data in 2015 dollars", "display": "$15.416 billion (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 15.416, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$600 (2023 est.) | $600 (2022 est.) | $600 (2021 est.) | note: data in 2015 dollars", "display": "$600 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 600.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.9% (2024 est.) | 2.9% (2023 est.) | 2.9% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "2.9% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.028999999999999998, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "military products; machine building, electric power, chemicals; mining (coal, iron ore, limestone, magnesite, graphite, copper, zinc, lead, and precious metals), metallurgy; textiles, food processing; tourism", "display": "military products; machine building, electric power, chemicals; mining (coal, iron ore, limestone, magnesite, graphite, copper, zinc, lead, and precious metals), metallurgy; texti…", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "maize, vegetables, rice, apples, cabbages, fruits, sweet potatoes, potatoes, beans, soybeans (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "maize, vegetables, rice, apples, cabbages, fruits, sweet potatoes, potatoes, beans, soybeans (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "fake hair, iron alloys, tungsten ore, electricity, cars (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "fake hair, iron alloys, tungsten ore, electricity, cars (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "processed hair, plastic products, garments, fabric, soybean oil (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "processed hair, plastic products, garments, fabric, soybean oil (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 54.7% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 54.7% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 36.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 0.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 62.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 36.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "23.83 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "23.83 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "81 (2025)", "display": "81 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 10 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 7 | very small: 3 | ports with oil terminals: 0 | key ports: Ch'ongjin, Haeju Hang, Hungnam, Najin, Nampo, Senbong, Wonsan", "display": "total ports: 10 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 7,435 km (2014) | standard gauge: 7,435 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge (5,400 km electrified) | note: figures are approximate; some narrow-gauge railway also exists", "display": "total: 7,435 km (2014)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2014 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 264 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 10, container ship 5, general cargo 191, oil tanker 29, other 29", "display": "total: 264 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "water pollution; inadequate potable water; deforestation; soil erosion and degradation", "display": "water pollution; inadequate potable water; deforestation; soil erosion and degradation", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "55.744 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 52.985 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 2.759 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "55.744 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "77.15 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "77.15 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 902.8 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 1.145 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 6.61 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 902.8 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Law of the Sea", "display": "party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Was…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/korea-north.json" }, { "entity_id": "korea-south", "name": "Korea, South", "source_code": "KR", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Asia", "roadmap_country": "South Korea", "coverage_region": "Asia", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 150, "published_fact_count": 52, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 51486343.0, "area_sq_km": 99720.0, "capital": "Seoul", "government_type": "presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 83.4, "urban_population_percent": 81.5, "internet_users_percent": 97.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 50400.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2023, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "The first recorded kingdom (Choson) on the Korean Peninsula dates from approximately 2300 B.C. Over the subsequent centuries, three main kingdoms -- Kogoryo, Baekche, and Silla -- were established on the Peninsula. By the 5 th century A.D., Kogoryo emerged as the most powerful, with control over much of the Peninsula and part of Manchuria (modern-day northeast China). However, Silla allied with the Chinese to create the first unified Korean state in 688. Following the collapse of Silla in the 9 th century, Korea was unified under the Koryo (Goryeo; 918-1392) and the Chosen (Joseon; 1392-1910) dynasties. | Korea became the object of intense imperialistic rivalry among the Chinese (its traditional benefactor), Japanese, and Russian empires in the latter half of the 19th and early 20 th centuries. After the Sino-Japanese War (1894-95) and the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905), Korea was occupied by Imperial Japan. In 1910, Japan formally annexed the entire Peninsula. Korea regained its independence after Japan's surrender to the US and its allies in 1945. A US-supported democratic government (Republic of Korea, ROK) was set up in the southern half of the Korean Peninsula, while a communist-style government backed by the Soviet Union was installed in the north (North Korea; aka Democratic People's Republic of Korea, DPRK). During the Korean War (1950-53), US troops and UN forces fought alongside ROK soldiers to defend South Korea from a North Korean invasion supported by communist China and the Soviet Union. After the 1953 armistice, the two Koreas were separated by a demilitarized zone. | Syngman RHEE led the country as its first president from 1948 to 1960. PARK Chung-hee took over leadership of the country in a 1961 coup. During his controversial rule (1961-79), South Korea achieved rapid economic growth, with per capita income rising to roughly 17 times the level of North Korea by 1979. PARK was assassinated in 1979, and subsequent years were marked by political turmoil and continued military rule as the country's pro-democracy movement grew. South Korea held its first free presidential election under a revised democratic constitution in 1987, with former South Korean Army general ROH Tae-woo winning a close race. In 1993, KIM Young-sam became the first civilian president of South Korea's new democratic era. President KIM Dae-jung (1998-2003) won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2000 for his contributions to South Korean democracy and his \"Sunshine Policy\" of engagement with North Korea. President PARK Geun-hye, daughter of former South Korean President PARK Chung-hee, took office in 2013 as South Korea's first female leader. In 2016, the National Assembly passed an impeachment motion against PARK over her alleged involvement in a corruption and influence-peddling scandal, triggering an early presidential election in 2017 won by MOON Jae-in. In 2022, longtime prosecutor and political newcomer YOON Suk Yeol won the presidency by the slimmest margin in South Korean history. | Discord and tensions with North Korea, punctuated by North Korean military provocations, missile launches, and nuclear tests, have permeated inter-Korean relations for years. Relations remained strained, despite a period of respite in 2018-2019 ushered in by North Korea's participation in the 2018 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games in South Korea and high-level diplomatic meetings, including historic US-North Korea summits. In 2024, Pyongyang announced it was ending all economic cooperation with South Korea, a move that followed earlier proclamations that it was scrapping a 2018 military pact to de-escalate tensions along their militarized border, abandoning the country’s decades-long pursuit of peaceful unification with South Korea, and designating the South as North Korea’s “principal enemy.”", "display": "The first recorded kingdom (Choson) on the Korean Peninsula dates from approximately 2300 B.C. Over the subsequent centuries, three main kingdoms -- Kogoryo, Baekche, and Silla --…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1910 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Eastern Asia, southern half of the Korean Peninsula bordering the Sea of Japan and the Yellow Sea", "display": "Eastern Asia, southern half of the Korean Peninsula bordering the Sea of Japan and the Yellow Sea", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Asia", "display": "Asia", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 99,720 sq km | land: 96,920 sq km | water: 2,800 sq km", "display": "total : 99,720 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 99720.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "2,413 km", "display": "2,413 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly hills and mountains; wide coastal plains in west and south", "display": "mostly hills and mountains; wide coastal plains in west and south", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "temperate, with rainfall heavier in summer than winter; cold winters", "display": "temperate, with rainfall heavier in summer than winter; cold winters", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Halla-san 1,950 m | lowest point: Sea of Japan 0 m | mean elevation: 282 m", "display": "highest point: Halla-san 1,950 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "occasional typhoons bring high winds and floods; low-level seismic activity common in southwest | volcanism: Halla (1,950 m) is considered historically active; it has not erupted in many centuries", "display": "occasional typhoons bring high winds and floods; low-level seismic activity common in southwest", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "coal, tungsten, graphite, molybdenum, lead, hydropower potential", "display": "coal, tungsten, graphite, molybdenum, lead, hydropower potential", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "the population is primarily concentrated in the lowland areas, where density is high; Gyeonggi Province in the northwest, which surrounds the capital of Seoul and contains the port of Incheon, is the most densely populated province; Gangwon in the northeast is the least populated", "display": "the population is primarily concentrated in the lowland areas, where density is high; Gyeonggi Province in the northwest, which surrounds the capital of Seoul and contains the por…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 51,486,343 (2025 est.) | male: 25,636,127 | female: 25,850,216", "display": "total: 51,486,343 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 51486343.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "-0.09% (2025 est.)", "display": "-0.09% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": -0.0009, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 81.5% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.31% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 81.5% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Korean, English | major-language sample(s): | 월드 팩트북, 필수적인 기본 정보 제공처 (Korean) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Korean, English", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Protestant 17%, Buddhist 16%, Catholic 6%, none 60% (2021 est.) | note: many people also carry on at least some Confucian traditions and practices", "display": "Protestant 17%, Buddhist 16%, Catholic 6%, none 60% (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 83.4 years (2024 est.) | male: 80.3 years | female: 86.6 years", "display": "total population: 83.4 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 83.4, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 47 years (2025 est.) | male: 44 years | female: 47.3 years", "display": "total: 47 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "9.988 million SEOUL (capital), 3.472 million Busan, 2.849 million Incheon, 2.181 million Daegu (Taegu), 1.577 million Daejon (Taejon), 1.529 million Gwangju (Kwangju) (2023)", "display": "9.988 million SEOUL (capital), 3.472 million Busan, 2.849 million Incheon, 2.181 million Daegu (Taegu), 1.577 million Daejon (Taejon), 1.529 million Gwangju (Kwangju) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: NA | male: NA | female: NA", "display": "total population: NA", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 17 years (2022 est.) | male: 17 years (2022 est.) | female: 16 years (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 17 years (2022 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Korea | conventional short form: South Korea | local long form: Taehan-min'guk | local short form: Han'guk | abbreviation: ROK | etymology: derived from the Chinese name for Goryeo, which was the Korean dynasty that united the peninsula in the 10th century A.D.; the South Korean name \"Han'guk\" derives from the long form, \"Taehan-min'guk,\" which is itself a derivation from \"Daehan-je'guk,\" which means \"the Great Han Empire\"", "display": "conventional long form: Republic of Korea", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Seoul | geographic coordinates: 37 33 N, 126 59 E | time difference: UTC+9 (14 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: the name originates from the Korean word meaning \"capital city;\" it was the capital of the unified Korea from 1392 to 1910 | note: Sejong, located some 120 km (75 mi) south of Seoul, serves as an administrative capital for segments of the South Korean government", "display": "name: Seoul", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1910 }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "presidential republic", "display": "presidential republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "mixed system combining European civil law, Anglo-American law, and Chinese classical thought", "display": "mixed system combining European civil law, Anglo-American law, and Chinese classical thought", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: several previous; latest passed by National Assembly 12 October 1987, approved in referendum 28 October 1987, effective 25 February 1988 | amendment process: proposed by the president or by majority support of the National Assembly membership; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly membership, approval in a referendum by more than one half of the votes by more than one half of eligible voters, and promulgation by the president", "display": "history: several previous; latest passed by National Assembly 12 October 1987, approved in referendum 28 October 1987, effective 25 February 1988", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1987 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "9 provinces ( do , singular and plural), 6 metropolitan cities ( gwangyeoksi , singular and plural), 1 special city ( teugbyeolsi ), and 1 special self-governing city ( teukbyeoljachisi ) | provinces: Chungcheongbuk-do (North Chungcheong), Chungcheongnam-do (South Chungcheong), Gangwon-do, Gyeongsangbuk-do (North Gyeongsang), Gyeonggi-do, Gyeongsangnam-do (South Gyeongsang), Jeju-do (Jeju), Jeollabuk-do (North Jeolla), Jeollanam-do (South Jeolla) | metropolitan cities: Busan (Pusan), Daegu (Taegu), Daejeon (Taejon), Gwangju (Kwangju), Incheon (Inch'on), Ulsan | special city: Seoul | special self-governing city: Sejong", "display": "9 provinces ( do , singular and plural), 6 metropolitan cities ( gwangyeoksi , singular and plural), 1 special city ( teugbyeolsi ), and 1 special self-governing city ( teukbyeolj…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ADB, AfDB (nonregional member), APEC, Arctic Council (observer), ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, CABEI, CD, CICA, CP, EAS, EBRD, FAO, FATF, G-20, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSTAH, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE (partner), Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club (associate), PCA, PIF (partner), SAARC (observer), SICA (observer), UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNMOGIP, UNOCI, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC", "display": "ADB, AfDB (nonregional member), APEC, Arctic Council (observer), ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, CABEI, CD, CICA, CP, EAS, EBRD, FAO, FATF, G-20, IADB, IAEA,…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "high-income, export- and technology-oriented East Asian economy; manufacturing led by semiconductor and automotive industries; slow growth amid declining construction investment, export risks, and recent political instability; aging workforce; increased restraint in fiscal policy while maintaining industry support initiatives", "display": "high-income, export- and technology-oriented East Asian economy; manufacturing led by semiconductor and automotive industries; slow growth amid declining construction investment,…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$2.607 trillion (2023 est.) | $2.572 trillion (2022 est.) | $2.507 trillion (2021 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$2.607 trillion (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 2607.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$50,400 (2023 est.) | $49,800 (2022 est.) | $48,400 (2021 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$50,400 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 50400.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "1.4% (2023 est.) | 2.6% (2022 est.) | 4.3% (2021 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "1.4% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.3% (2024 est.) | 3.6% (2023 est.) | 5.1% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "2.3% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.023, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.7% (2024 est.) | 2.7% (2023 est.) | 2.9% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "2.7% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.027000000000000003, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "electronics, telecommunications, automobile production, chemicals, shipbuilding, steel", "display": "electronics, telecommunications, automobile production, chemicals, shipbuilding, steel", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "rice, vegetables, cabbages, milk, onions, pork, chicken, eggs, tangerines/mandarins, potatoes (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "rice, vegetables, cabbages, milk, onions, pork, chicken, eggs, tangerines/mandarins, potatoes (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "integrated circuits, cars, refined petroleum, plastics, machine parts (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "integrated circuits, cars, refined petroleum, plastics, machine parts (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "integrated circuits, natural gas, crude petroleum, machinery, cars (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "integrated circuits, natural gas, crude petroleum, machinery, cars (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 97% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 97% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.97, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 24.1 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 47 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 24.1 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 24100000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 61.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | nuclear: 30.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 5.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 0.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 0.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | tide and wave: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 1.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 61.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "234.668 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "234.668 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "92 (2025)", "display": "92 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 15 (2024) | large: 2 | medium: 5 | small: 4 | very small: 4 | ports with oil terminals: 10 | key ports: Busan, Gwangyang Hang, Inchon, Masan, Mokpo, Pyeongtaek Hang, Ulsan", "display": "total ports: 15 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 3,979 km (2016) | standard gauge: 3,979 km (2016) 1.435-m gauge (2,727 km electrified)", "display": "total: 3,979 km (2016)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2016 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 2,149 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 93, container ship 115, general cargo 362, oil tanker 219, other 1,360", "display": "total: 2,149 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "air pollution in large cities; acid rain; water pollution from sewage and industrial effluents; drift-net fishing; solid waste disposal; transboundary air pollution from China", "display": "air pollution in large cities; acid rain; water pollution from sewage and industrial effluents; drift-net fishing; solid waste disposal; transboundary air pollution from China", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "644.231 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 275.411 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 248.599 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 120.222 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "644.231 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "69.7 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "69.7 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 6.672 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 4.45 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 15.96 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 6.672 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Pari…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/korea-south.json" }, { "entity_id": "kosovo", "name": "Kosovo", "source_code": "KV", "source_entity_class": "additional-jurisdiction-or-area", "source_region": "Europe", "roadmap_country": null, "coverage_region": null, "roadmap_status": "additional", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 117, "published_fact_count": 40, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 1977093.0, "area_sq_km": 10887.0, "capital": "Pristina (Prishtine, Prishtina)", "government_type": "parliamentary republic", "life_expectancy_years": 73.1, "urban_population_percent": null, "internet_users_percent": 89.0, "electricity_access_percent": null, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 16400.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": true }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "The Ottoman Empire took control of Kosovo in 1389 after defeating Serbian forces. Large numbers of Turks and Albanians moved to the region, and by the end of the 19th century, Albanians had replaced Serbs as the majority ethnic group in Kosovo. Serbia reacquired control of Kosovo during the First Balkan War of 1912, and after World War II, Kosovo became an autonomous province of Serbia in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY). Increasing Albanian nationalism in the 1980s led to riots and calls for Kosovo's independence, but in 1989, Belgrade -- which has in turn served as the capital of Serbia and Yugoslavia -- revoked Kosovo's autonomous status. When the SFRY broke up in 1991, Kosovo Albanian leaders organized an independence referendum, and Belgrade's repressive response led to an insurgency. Kosovo remained part of Serbia, which joined with Montenegro to declare a new Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) in 1992. | In 1998, Belgrade launched a brutal counterinsurgency campaign, with some 800,000 ethnic Albanians expelled from their homes in Kosovo. After international mediation failed, a NATO military operation began in March 1999 and forced Belgrade to withdraw its forces from Kosovo. UN Security Council Resolution 1244 (1999) placed Kosovo under the temporary control of the UN Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK). Negotiations in 2006-07 ended without agreement between Serbia and Kosovo, though the UN issued a comprehensive report that endorsed independence. On 17 February 2008, the Kosovo Assembly declared Kosovo independent. | Serbia continues to reject Kosovo's independence, but the two countries began EU-facilitated discussions in 2013 to normalize relations, which resulted in several agreements. Additional agreements were reached in 2015 and 2023, but implementation remains incomplete. In 2022, Kosovo formally applied for membership in the EU, which is contingent on fulfillment of accession criteria, and the Council of Europe. Kosovo is also seeking UN and NATO memberships.", "display": "The Ottoman Empire took control of Kosovo in 1389 after defeating Serbian forces. Large numbers of Turks and Albanians moved to the region, and by the end of the 19th century, Alb…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1912 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southeastern Europe, between Serbia and Macedonia", "display": "Southeastern Europe, between Serbia and Macedonia", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Europe", "display": "Europe", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 10,887 sq km | land: 10,887 sq km | water: 0 sq km", "display": "total : 10,887 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 10887.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "0 km (landlocked)", "display": "0 km (landlocked)", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "flat fluvial basin at an elevation of 400-700 m above sea level surrounded by several high mountain ranges with elevations of 2,000 to 2,500 m", "display": "flat fluvial basin at an elevation of 400-700 m above sea level surrounded by several high mountain ranges with elevations of 2,000 to 2,500 m", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "influenced by continental air masses resulting in relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall and hot, dry summers and autumns; Mediterranean and alpine influences create regional variation; maximum rainfall between October and December", "display": "influenced by continental air masses resulting in relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall and hot, dry summers and autumns; Mediterranean and alpine influences create regional…", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Gjeravica/Deravica 2,656 m | lowest point: Drini i Bardhe/Beli Drim (located on the border with Albania) 297 m | mean elevation: 450 m", "display": "highest point: Gjeravica/Deravica 2,656 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "nickel, lead, zinc, magnesium, lignite, kaolin, chrome, bauxite", "display": "nickel, lead, zinc, magnesium, lignite, kaolin, chrome, bauxite", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "population clusters exist throughout the country, with the largest in the east in and around the capital of Pristina", "display": "population clusters exist throughout the country, with the largest in the east in and around the capital of Pristina", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 1,977,093 (2024 est.) | male: 1,017,992 | female: 959,101", "display": "total: 1,977,093 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 1977093.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.73% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.73% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0073, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Albanian (official) 94.5%, Bosnian 1.7%, Serbian (official) 1.6%, Turkish 1.1%, other 0.9% (includes Romani), unspecified 0.1% (2011 est.) | major-language sample(s): Libri i fakteve boterore, burimi i pazevendesueshem per informacione elementare (Albanian) | Knjiga svetskih činjenica, neophodan izvor osnovnih informacija. (Serbian) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. | note: these estimates may under-represent Serb, Romani, and other ethnic minority languages because they are based on the 2011 Kosovo national census, which excluded northern Kosovo (a largely Serb-inhabited region) and was partially boycotted by Serb and Romani communities in southern Kosovo", "display": "Albanian (official) 94.5%, Bosnian 1.7%, Serbian (official) 1.6%, Turkish 1.1%, other 0.9% (includes Romani), unspecified 0.1% (2011 est.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2011 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Muslim 95.6%, Roman Catholic 2.2%, Orthodox 1.5%, other 0.1%, none 0.1%, unspecified 0.6% (2011 est.) | note: these estimates may under-represent Serb, Romani, and some other ethnic minorities because they are based on the 2011 Kosovo national census, which excluded northern Kosovo (a largely Serb-inhabited region) and was partially boycotted by Serb and Romani communities in southern Kosovo", "display": "Muslim 95.6%, Roman Catholic 2.2%, Orthodox 1.5%, other 0.1%, none 0.1%, unspecified 0.6% (2011 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2011 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 73.1 years (2024 est.) | male: 71 years | female: 75.5 years", "display": "total population: 73.1 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 73.1, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 32.3 years (2025 est.) | male: 31.7 years | female: 32.4 years", "display": "total: 32.3 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "218,782 PRISTINA (capital) (2020)", "display": "218,782 PRISTINA (capital) (2020)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Kosovo | conventional short form: Kosovo | local long form: Republika e Kosoves (Albanian)/ Republika Kosovo (Serbian) | local short form: Kosove (Albanian)/ Kosovo (Serbian) | etymology: name may derive from the Serbian word kos , meaning \"blackbird,\" or from a personal name", "display": "conventional long form: Republic of Kosovo", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Pristina (Prishtine, Prishtina) | geographic coordinates: 42 40 N, 21 10 E | time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October | etymology: the town takes its name from the river; the origin of the river's name is unclear but could come from a pre-Slavic language", "display": "name: Pristina (Prishtine, Prishtina)", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary republic", "display": "parliamentary republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law system", "display": "civil law system", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: previous 1974, 1990; latest (post-independence) draft finalized 2 April 2008, signed 7 April 2008, ratified 9 April 2008, entered into force 15 June 2008 | amendment process: proposed by the government, by the president of the republic, or by one fourth of Assembly deputies; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly, including two-thirds majority vote of deputies representing non-majority communities, followed by a favorable Constitutional Court assessment", "display": "history: previous 1974, 1990; latest (post-independence) draft finalized 2 April 2008, signed 7 April 2008, ratified 9 April 2008, entered into force 15 June 2008", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1974 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "38 municipalities ( komunat , singular - komuna (Albanian); opstine , singular - opstina (Serbian)); Decan (Decani), Dragash (Dragas), Ferizaj (Urosevac), Fushe Kosove (Kosovo Polje), Gjakove (Dakovica), Gjilan (Gnjilane), Gllogovc (Glogovac), Gracanice (Gracanica), Hani i Elezit (Deneral Jankovic), Istog (Istok), Junik, Kacanik, Kamenice (Kamenica), Kline (Klina), Kllokot (Klokot), Leposaviq (Leposavic), Lipjan (Lipljan), Malisheve (Malisevo), Mamushe (Mamusa), Mitrovice e Jugut (Juzna Mitrovica) [South Mitrovica], Mitrovice e Veriut (Severna Mitrovica) [North Mitrovica], Novoberde (Novo Brdo), Obiliq (Obilic), Partesh (Partes), Peje (Pec), Podujeve (Podujevo), Prishtine (Pristina), Prizren, Rahovec (Orahovac), Ranillug (Ranilug), Shterpce (Strpce), Shtime (Stimlje), Skenderaj (Srbica), Suhareke (Suva Reka), Viti (Vitina), Vushtrri (Vucitrn), Zubin Potok, Zvecan", "display": "38 municipalities ( komunat , singular - komuna (Albanian); 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non-EU member but unilateral euro user; very high unemployment, especially youth; vulnerable reliance on diaspora tourism services, curtailed b…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$25.019 billion (2024 est.) | $23.962 billion (2023 est.) | $23.025 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$25.019 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 25.019, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$16,400 (2024 est.) | $14,200 (2023 est.) | $13,000 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$16,400 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 16400.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "4.4% (2024 est.) | 4.1% (2023 est.) | 4.3% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "4.4% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "1.6% (2024 est.) | 4.9% (2023 est.) | 11.6% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "1.6% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.016, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "mineral mining, construction materials, base metals, leather, machinery, appliances, foodstuffs and beverages, textiles", "display": "mineral mining, construction materials, base metals, leather, machinery, appliances, foodstuffs and beverages, textiles", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "wheat, corn, berries, potatoes, peppers, fruit; 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The threat of Ottoman invasion in 1899 prompted Amir Mubarak AL-SABAH to seek protection from Britain, ceding foreign and defense responsibility to Britain until 1961, when the country attained its independence. Iraq attacked and overran Kuwait in 1990. After several weeks of aerial bombardment, a US-led UN coalition began a ground assault in 1991 that liberated Kuwait in four days. In 1992, the Amir reconstituted the parliament that he had dissolved in 1986. Amid the 2010-11 uprisings and protests across the Arab world, stateless Arabs known as Bidoon staged small protests demanding citizenship, jobs, and other benefits available to Kuwaiti nationals. Other demographic groups, notably Islamists and Kuwaitis from tribal backgrounds, soon joined the growing protest movements, which culminated with the resignation of the prime minister amid allegations of corruption. Demonstrations renewed in 2012 in response to a decree amending the electoral law that lessened the voting power of the tribal blocs. | An opposition coalition of Sunni Islamists, tribal populists, and some liberals largely boycotted legislative elections in 2012 and 2013, which ushered in a legislature more amenable to the government's agenda. Faced with the prospect of painful subsidy cuts, oppositionists and independents actively participated in the 2016 election, winning nearly half the seats, but the opposition became increasingly factionalized. Between 2006 and his death in 2020, the Amir dissolved the National Assembly on seven occasions and shuffled the cabinet over a dozen times, usually citing political stagnation and gridlock between the legislature and the government. | The current Amir, who assumed his role in 2020, launched a \"National Dialogue\" in 2021 meant to resolve political gridlock. As part of this initiative, the Amir pardoned several opposition figures who had been living in exile, and they returned to Kuwait. Legislative challenges remain, and the cabinet has been reshuffled six times since 2020.", "display": "Kuwait has been ruled by the AL-SABAH dynasty since the 18th century. 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"source_field": "Population", "value": 3172511.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.07% (2025 est.)", "display": "1.07% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.010700000000000001, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 100% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 1.35% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 100% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Arabic (official), English widely spoken | major-language sample(s): | كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Arabic (official), English widely spoken", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Muslim (official) 74.6%, Christian 18.2%, other and unspecified 7.2% (2013 est.) | note: data represent the total population; about 72% of the population consists of immigrants", "display": "Muslim (official) 74.6%, Christian 18.2%, other and unspecified 7.2% (2013 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2013 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 79.6 years (2024 est.) | male: 78.1 years | female: 81.1 years", "display": "total population: 79.6 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 79.6, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 30.4 years (2025 est.) | male: 31.1 years | female: 28.9 years", "display": "total: 30.4 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "3.298 million KUWAIT (capital) (2023)", "display": "3.298 million KUWAIT (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 96.5% (2020 est.) | male: 97.1% (2020 est.) | female: 95.3% (2020 est.)", "display": "total population: 96.5% (2020 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", 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"label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 97.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 97.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "389.848 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "389.848 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "6 (2025)", "display": "6 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 6 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 2 | small: 1 | very small: 3 | ports with oil terminals: 4 | key ports: Al Kuwayt, Doha Harbor, Mina Abd Allah, Mina Al Ahmadi, Mina Ash Shuaybah, Mina Az Zawr", "display": "total ports: 6 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 176 (2023) | by type: general cargo 15, oil tanker 28, other 133", "display": "total: 176 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "limited natural freshwater resources; air and water pollution; desertification; loss of biodiversity", "display": "limited natural freshwater resources; air and water pollution; desertification; loss of biodiversity", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "100.459 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 149,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 48.723 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 51.587 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "100.459 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "20 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "20 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 448.3 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 23.3 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 778.4 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 448.3 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship 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republic", "life_expectancy_years": 72.9, "urban_population_percent": 37.8, "internet_users_percent": 89.0, "electricity_access_percent": 99.7, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 7000.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": true }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Kyrgyzstan is a Central Asian country of incredible natural beauty and proud nomadic traditions. The Russian Empire annexed most of the territory of present-day Kyrgyzstan in 1876. The Kyrgyz staged a major revolt against the Tsarist Empire in 1916, during which almost one-sixth of the Kyrgyz population was killed. Kyrgyzstan became a Soviet republic in 1926 and achieved independence in 1991 when the USSR dissolved. Nationwide demonstrations in 2005 and 2010 resulted in the ouster of the country’s first two presidents, Askar AKAEV and Kurmanbek BAKIEV. Almazbek ATAMBAEV was sworn in as president in 2011. In 2017, ATAMBAEV became the first Kyrgyzstani president to serve a full term and respect constitutional term limits, voluntarily stepping down at the end of his mandate. Former prime minister and ruling Social-Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan member Sooronbay JEENBEKOV replaced him after winning the 2017 presidential election, which was the most competitive in the country’s history despite reported cases of vote buying and abuse of public resources. | In 2020, protests against parliamentary election results spread across Kyrgyzstan, leading to JEENBEKOV’s resignation and catapulting previously imprisoned Sadyr JAPAROV to acting president. In 2021, Kyrgyzstanis formally elected JAPAROV as president and approved a referendum to move Kyrgyzstan from a parliamentary to a presidential system. In 2021, Kyrgyzstanis voted in favor of constitutional changes that consolidated power in the presidency. Pro-government parties won a majority in the 2021 legislative elections. Continuing concerns for Kyrgyzstan include the trajectory of democratization, endemic corruption, tense regional relations, vulnerabilities due to climate change, border security vulnerabilities, and potential terrorist threats.", "display": "Kyrgyzstan is a Central Asian country of incredible natural beauty and proud nomadic traditions. The Russian Empire annexed most of the territory of present-day Kyrgyzstan in 1876…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1916 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Central Asia, west of China, south of Kazakhstan", "display": "Central Asia, west of China, south of Kazakhstan", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Asia", "display": "Asia", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 199,951 sq km | land: 191,801 sq km | water: 8,150 sq km", "display": "total : 199,951 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 199951.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "0 km (landlocked)", "display": "0 km (landlocked)", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "peaks of the Tien Shan mountain range and associated valleys and basins encompass the entire country", "display": "peaks of the Tien Shan mountain range and associated valleys and basins encompass the entire country", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "dry continental to polar in high Tien Shan Mountains; subtropical in southwest (Fergana Valley); temperate in northern foothill zone", "display": "dry continental to polar in high Tien Shan Mountains; subtropical in southwest (Fergana Valley); temperate in northern foothill zone", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Jengish Chokusu (Pik Pobedy) 7,439 m | lowest point: Kara-Daryya (Karadar'ya) 132 m | mean elevation: 2,988 m", "display": "highest point: Jengish Chokusu (Pik Pobedy) 7,439 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "major flooding during snow melt; prone to earthquakes", "display": "major flooding during snow melt; prone to earthquakes", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "abundant hydropower; gold, rare earth metals; locally exploitable coal, oil, and natural gas; other deposits of nepheline, mercury, bismuth, lead, and zinc", "display": "abundant hydropower; gold, rare earth metals; locally exploitable coal, oil, and natural gas; other deposits of nepheline, mercury, bismuth, lead, and zinc", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "the vast majority of Kyrgyzstanis live in rural areas; densest population settlement is to the north in and around the capital, Bishkek, followed by Osh in the west; the least densely populated area is the east, in the Tien Shan mountains", "display": "the vast majority of Kyrgyzstanis live in rural areas; densest population settlement is to the north in and around the capital, Bishkek, followed by Osh in the west; the least den…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 6,219,751 (2025 est.) | male: 3,043,940 | female: 3,175,811", "display": "total: 6,219,751 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 6219751.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.75% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.75% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0075, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 37.8% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 2.05% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 37.8% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Kyrgyz (state language) 71.4%, Uzbek 14.4%, Russian (official language) 9%, other 5.2% (2009 est.) | major-language sample(s): | Дүйнөлүк фактылар китеби, негизги маалыматтын маанилүү булагы. (Kyrgyz) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Kyrgyz (state language) 71.4%, Uzbek 14.4%, Russian (official language) 9%, other 5.2% (2009 est.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2009 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Muslim 90% (majority Sunni), Christian 7% (Russian Orthodox 3%), other 3% (includes Jewish, Buddhist, Baha'i) (2017 est.)", "display": "Muslim 90% (majority Sunni), Christian 7% (Russian Orthodox 3%), other 3% (includes Jewish, Buddhist, Baha'i) (2017 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2017 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 72.9 years (2024 est.) | male: 68.9 years | female: 77.2 years", "display": "total population: 72.9 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 72.9, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 28.6 years (2025 est.) | male: 26.9 years | female: 29.8 years", "display": "total: 28.6 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.105 million BISHKEK (capital) (2023)", "display": "1.105 million BISHKEK (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 13 years (2024 est.) | male: 12 years (2024 est.) | female: 13 years (2024 est.)", "display": "total: 13 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Kyrgyz Republic | conventional short form: Kyrgyzstan | local long form: Kyrgyz Respublikasy | local short form: Kyrgyzstan | etymology: named for the local Kyrgyz people, with \"-stan\" coming from the Persian word ostan , meaning \"country;\" the Kyrgyz name may derive from the Turkic root words kir , or \"steppe,\" and gismek , \"to wander;\" the name is traditionally said to come from a combination of the Turkic words kyrg (forty) and - is (hundred), based on a tale about two tribes and the number of their tents", "display": "conventional long form: Kyrgyz Republic", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Bishkek | geographic coordinates: 42 52 N, 74 36 E | time difference: UTC+6 (11 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: the meaning of the name is unknown; the city was founded in 1862 as a Russian settlement on the site of an Uzbek fortress named Bishkek; the Russian version of the name was Pishpek, and the original name only came back into use in 1991", "display": "name: Bishkek", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1991 }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary republic", "display": "parliamentary republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law system that includes features of French civil law and Russian Federation laws", "display": "civil law system that includes features of French civil law and Russian Federation laws", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: previous 1993, 2007, 2010; latest approved by referendum in 2021 | amendment process: proposed as a draft law by the majority of the Supreme Council membership or by petition of 300,000 voters; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the Council membership in each of at least three readings of the draft two months apart; the draft may be submitted to a referendum if approved by two thirds of the Council membership; adoption requires the signature of the president", "display": "history: previous 1993, 2007, 2010; latest approved by referendum in 2021", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1993 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "7 provinces ( oblustar , singular - oblus ) and 2 cities* ( shaarlar , singular - shaar ); Batken Oblusu, Bishkek Shaary*, Chuy Oblusu (Bishkek), Jalal-Abad Oblusu, Naryn Oblusu, Osh Oblusu, Osh Shaary*, Talas Oblusu, Ysyk-Kol Oblusu (Karakol) | note: administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers; exceptions show the administrative center name in parentheses", "display": "7 provinces ( oblustar , singular - oblus ) and 2 cities* ( shaarlar , singular - shaar ); Batken Oblusu, Bishkek Shaary*, Chuy Oblusu (Bishkek), Jalal-Abad Oblusu, Naryn Oblusu,…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ADB, CICA, CIS, CSTO, EAEU, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, EITI (compliant country), FAO, GCTU, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM (observer), OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, SCO, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ADB, CICA, CIS, CSTO, EAEU, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, EITI (compliant country), FAO, GCTU, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "landlocked, lower-middle-income Central Asian economy; natural resource rich; growing hydroelectricity and tourism; high remittances; corruption limits investment; COVID-19 and political turmoil hurt GDP, limited public revenues, and increased spending", "display": "landlocked, lower-middle-income Central Asian economy; natural resource rich; growing hydroelectricity and tourism; high remittances; corruption limits investment; COVID-19 and po…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$50.907 billion (2024 est.) | $46.686 billion (2023 est.) | $42.826 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$50.907 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 50.907, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$7,000 (2024 est.) | $6,600 (2023 est.) | $6,100 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$7,000 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 7000.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "9% (2024 est.) | 9% (2023 est.) | 9% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "9% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "10.8% (2023 est.) | 13.9% (2022 est.) | 11.9% (2021 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "10.8% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.10800000000000001, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3.3% (2024 est.) | 4% (2023 est.) | 4.1% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "3.3% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.033, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "small machinery, textiles, food processing, cement, shoes, lumber, refrigerators, furniture, electric motors, gold, rare earth metals", "display": "small machinery, textiles, food processing, cement, shoes, lumber, refrigerators, furniture, electric motors, gold, rare earth metals", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "milk, potatoes, maize, sugar beets, wheat, barley, tomatoes, onions, watermelons, carrots/turnips (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "milk, potatoes, maize, sugar beets, wheat, barley, tomatoes, onions, watermelons, carrots/turnips (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "gold, coal, precious metal ore, refined petroleum, garments (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "gold, coal, precious metal ore, refined petroleum, garments (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "cars, garments, refined petroleum, fabric, footwear (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "cars, garments, refined petroleum, fabric, footwear (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 89% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 89% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.89, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 456,000 (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 6 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 456,000 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 456000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 99.7% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 100% | electrification - rural areas: 99.6%", "display": "electrification - total population: 99.7% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 14.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 85.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 14.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "27.58 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "27.58 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "28 (2025)", "display": "28 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 424 km (2022) | broad gauge: 424 km (2018) 1.520-m gauge", "display": "total: 424 km (2022)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "water pollution; increasing soil salinity from irrigation practices; air pollution due to vehicle traffic", "display": "water pollution; increasing soil salinity from irrigation practices; air pollution due to vehicle traffic", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "11.389 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 6.301 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 4.234 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 854,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "11.389 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "23.618 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "23.618 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 224 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 336 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 7.1 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 224 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered S…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/kyrgyzstan.json" }, { "entity_id": "laos", "name": "Laos", "source_code": "LA", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Southeast Asia", "roadmap_country": "Laos", "coverage_region": "Asia", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 145, "published_fact_count": 51, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 7953556.0, "area_sq_km": 236800.0, "capital": "Vientiane (Viangchan)", "government_type": "communist party-led state", "life_expectancy_years": 69.0, "urban_population_percent": 38.2, "internet_users_percent": 64.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 8600.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": true }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Modern-day Laos has its roots in the ancient Lao kingdom of Lan Xang, established in the 14th century under King FA NGUM. For 300 years, Lan Xang had influence reaching into present-day Cambodia and Thailand, as well as over all of what is now Laos. After centuries of gradual decline, Laos came under the domination of Siam (Thailand) from the late 18th century until the late 19th century, when it became part of French Indochina. The Franco-Siamese Treaty of 1907 defined the current Lao border with Thailand. Following more than 15 years of civil war, the communist Pathet Lao took control of the government in 1975, ending a six-century-old monarchy and instituting a one party--the Lao People's Revolutionary Party--communist state. A gradual, limited return to private enterprise and the liberalization of foreign investment laws began in the late 1980s. Laos became a member of ASEAN in 1997 and the WTO in 2013. | In the 2010s, the country benefited from direct foreign investment, particularly in the natural resource and industry sectors. Construction of a number of large hydropower dams and expanding mining activities have also boosted the economy. Laos has retained its official commitment to communism and maintains close ties with its two communist neighbors, Vietnam and China, both of which continue to exert substantial political and economic influence on the country. China, for example, provided 70% of the funding for a $5.9 billion, 400-km railway line between the Chinese border and the capital Vientiane, which opened for operations in 2021. Laos financed the remaining 30% with loans from China. At the same time, Laos has expanded its economic reliance on the West and other Asian countries, such as Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, and Thailand. Nevertheless, despite steady economic growth for more than a decade, it remains one of Asia's poorest countries.", "display": "Modern-day Laos has its roots in the ancient Lao kingdom of Lan Xang, established in the 14th century under King FA NGUM. For 300 years, Lan Xang had influence reaching into prese…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1907 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southeastern Asia, northeast of Thailand, west of Vietnam", "display": "Southeastern Asia, northeast of Thailand, west of Vietnam", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southeast Asia", "display": "Southeast Asia", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 236,800 sq km | land: 230,800 sq km | water: 6,000 sq km", "display": "total : 236,800 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 236800.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "0 km (landlocked)", "display": "0 km (landlocked)", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly rugged mountains; some plains and plateaus", "display": "mostly rugged mountains; some plains and plateaus", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical monsoon; rainy season (May to November); dry season (December to April)", "display": "tropical monsoon; rainy season (May to November); dry season (December to April)", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Phu Bia 2,817 m | lowest point: Mekong River 70 m | mean elevation: 710 m", "display": "highest point: Phu Bia 2,817 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "floods, droughts", "display": "floods, droughts", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "timber, hydropower, gypsum, tin, gold, gemstones", "display": "timber, hydropower, gypsum, tin, gold, gemstones", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "most densely populated area is in and around the capital city of Vientiane; large communities are primarily found along the Mekong River along the southwestern border; overall density is considered one of the lowest in Southeast Asia", "display": "most densely populated area is in and around the capital city of Vientiane; large communities are primarily found along the Mekong River along the southwestern border; overall den…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 7,953,556 (2024 est.) | male: 3,966,320 | female: 3,987,236", "display": "total: 7,953,556 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 7953556.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.22% (2025 est.)", "display": "1.22% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.012199999999999999, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 38.2% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 2.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 38.2% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Lao (official), French, English, various ethnic languages | major-language sample(s): | ແຫລ່ງທີ່ຂາດບໍ່ໄດ້ສຳລັບຂໍ້ມູນຕົ້ນຕໍ່” (Lao) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Lao (official), French, English, various ethnic languages", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Buddhist 64.7%, Christian 1.7%, none 31.4%, other/not stated 2.1% (2015 est.)", "display": "Buddhist 64.7%, Christian 1.7%, none 31.4%, other/not stated 2.1% (2015 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2015 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 69 years (2024 est.) | male: 67.4 years | female: 70.7 years", "display": "total population: 69 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 69.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 25.8 years (2025 est.) | male: 25 years | female: 25.7 years", "display": "total: 25.8 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "721,000 VIENTIANE (capital) (2023)", "display": "721,000 VIENTIANE (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 75.6% (2023 est.) | male: 85.1% (2023 est.) | female: 66.7% (2023 est.)", "display": "total population: 75.6% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 9 years (2023 est.) | male: 9 years (2023 est.) | female: 9 years (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 9 years (2023 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Lao People's Democratic Republic | conventional short form: Laos | local long form: Sathalanalat Paxathipatai Paxaxon Lao | local short form: Mueang Lao (unofficial) | abbreviation: Lao PDR | etymology: name means \"Land of the Lao [people];\" it derives from the name of the country's founder, Lao", "display": "conventional long form: Lao People's Democratic Republic", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Vientiane (Viangchan) | geographic coordinates: 17 58 N, 102 36 E | time difference: UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: the name Viangchan means \"city of sandalwood\" in Laotian; 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passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly membership and promulgation by the president of the republic", "display": "history: previous 1947 (pre-independence); latest promulgated 13-15 August 1991", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1947 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "17 provinces ( khoueng , singular and plural) and 1 prefecture* ( kampheng nakhon ); Attapu, Bokeo, Bolikhamxay, Champasak, Houaphanh, Khammouan, Louangnamtha, Louangphabang (Luang Prabang), Oudomxai, Phongsali, Salavan, Savannakhet, Viangchan (Vientiane)*, Viangchan, Xaignabouli, Xaisomboun, Xekong, Xiangkhouang", "display": "17 provinces ( khoueng , singular and plural) and 1 prefecture* ( kampheng nakhon ); Attapu, Bokeo, Bolikhamxay, Champasak, Houaphanh, Khammouan, Louangnamtha, Louangphabang (Luan…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ADB, ARF, ASEAN, CP, EAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISO (subscriber), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ADB, ARF, ASEAN, CP, EAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISO (subscriber), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNE…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "lower middle-income, industrial Southeast Asian economy; 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The region subsequently came under the control of Germans, Poles, Swedes, and finally Russians. A Latvian republic emerged following World War I, but the USSR annexed it in 1940 -- an action never recognized by the US and many other countries. Latvia reestablished its independence in 1991 after the breakup of the Soviet Union. Although the last Russian troops left in 1994, the status of the Russian minority (some 25% of the population) remains of concern to Moscow. Latvia joined both NATO and the EU in 2004; it joined the euro zone in 2014 and the OECD in 2016.", "display": "Several eastern Baltic tribes merged in medieval times to form the ethnic core of the Latvian people (ca. 8th-12th centuries A.D.). The region subsequently came under the control…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1940 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Eastern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, between Estonia and Lithuania", "display": "Eastern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, between Estonia and Lithuania", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Europe", "display": "Europe", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 64,589 sq km | land: 62,249 sq km | water: 2,340 sq km", "display": "total : 64,589 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 64589.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "498 km", "display": "498 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "low plain", "display": "low plain", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "maritime; wet, moderate winters", "display": "maritime; wet, moderate winters", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Gaizina Kalns 312 m | lowest point: Baltic Sea 0 m | mean elevation: 87 m", "display": "highest point: Gaizina Kalns 312 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "large percentage of agricultural fields can become waterlogged and require drainage", "display": "large percentage of agricultural fields can become waterlogged and require drainage", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "peat, limestone, dolomite, amber, hydropower, timber, arable land", "display": "peat, limestone, dolomite, amber, hydropower, timber, arable land", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "largest concentration of people is found in and around the port and capital city of Riga; small agglomerations are scattered throughout the country", "display": "largest concentration of people is found in and around the port and capital city of Riga; small agglomerations are scattered throughout the country", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 1,888,439 (2025 est.) | male: 876,654 | female: 1,011,785", "display": "total: 1,888,439 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 1888439.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "-1.27% (2025 est.)", "display": "-1.27% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": -0.0127, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 68.7% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: -0.68% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 68.7% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Latvian (official) 56.3%, Russian 33.8%, other 0.6% (includes Polish, Ukrainian, and Belarusian), unspecified 9.4% (2011 est.) | major-language sample(s): | World Factbook, neaizstājams avots pamata informāciju. 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"estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, cars, packaged medicine, broadcasting equipment, natural gas (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, cars, packaged medicine, broadcasting equipment, natural gas (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 92% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 92% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.92, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 489,000 (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 26 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 489,000 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 489000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 22.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 3.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 4.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 59.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 10.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 22.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "65.908 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "65.908 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "55 (2025)", "display": "55 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 5 (2024) | large: 1 | medium: 2 | small: 0 | very small: 2 | ports with oil terminals: 3 | key ports: Lielupe, Liepaja, Riga, Salacgriva, Ventspils", "display": "total ports: 5 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 2,216 km (2020) 257 km electrified", "display": "total: 2,216 km (2020) 257 km electrified", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 83 (2023) | by type: container ship 2, general cargo 30, oil tanker 10, other 41", "display": "total: 83 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "some soil, water, and air pollution", "display": "some soil, water, and air pollution", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "6.427 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 41,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 4.861 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 1.526 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "6.427 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "34.94 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "34.94 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 91.945 million cubic meters (2022) | industrial: 30.291 million cubic meters (2022) | agricultural: 50.098 million cubic meters (2022)", "display": "municipal: 91.945 million cubic meters (2022)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/latvia.json" }, { "entity_id": "lebanon", "name": "Lebanon", "source_code": "LB", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Middle East", "roadmap_country": "Lebanon", "coverage_region": "Asia", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 143, "published_fact_count": 52, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 5364482.0, "area_sq_km": 10400.0, "capital": "Beirut", "government_type": "parliamentary democratic republic", "life_expectancy_years": 79.2, "urban_population_percent": 89.4, "internet_users_percent": 84.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 11300.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2023, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "As a result of its location at the crossroads of three continents, the area that is modern-day Lebanon is rich in cultural and religious diversity. This region was subject to various foreign conquerors for much of its history, including the Romans, Arabs, and Ottomans. Following World War I, France acquired a mandate over the northern portion of the former Ottoman Empire province of Syria. From it the French demarcated the region of Lebanon in 1920, and it gained independence in 1943. Lebanon subsequently experienced periods of political turmoil interspersed with prosperity built on its position as a regional center for finance and trade. | The country's 1975-90 civil war, which resulted in an estimated 120,000 fatalities, was followed by years of social and political instability, and sectarianism remains a key element of Lebanese political life. The Israeli defense forces, which occupied parts of Lebanon during the civil war, did not completely withdraw until 2000. Neighboring Syria influenced Lebanon's foreign and domestic policies while its military occupied Lebanon from 1976 until 2005, but its influence diminished significantly after 2005. Over 1.5 million Syrian refugees fled to Lebanon after the start of the Syrian conflict in 2011. Hizballah -- a major Lebanese political party, militia, and US-designated foreign terrorist organization -- and Israel continued attacks and counterattacks against each other after Syria's withdrawal and fought a brief war in 2006. After HAMAS attacked Israel on 7 October 2023, the intensity and frequency of these cross-border attacks increased substantially into a cycle of hostilities, mostly limited to the border areas as of January 2024. Lebanon's borders with Syria and Israel remain unresolved. | Lebanon's prosperity has significantly diminished since the beginning of the country's economic crisis in 2019, which has crippled its economy, shut down its previously lucrative banking sector, reduced the value of its currency, and caused many Lebanese to emigrate in search of better prospects.", "display": "As a result of its location at the crossroads of three continents, the area that is modern-day Lebanon is rich in cultural and religious diversity. This region was subject to vari…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1920 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Israel and Syria", "display": "Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Israel and Syria", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Middle East", "display": "Middle East", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 10,400 sq km | land: 10,230 sq km | water: 170 sq km", "display": "total : 10,400 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 10400.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "225 km", "display": "225 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "narrow coastal plain; El Beqaa (Bekaa Valley) separates Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon Mountains", "display": "narrow coastal plain; El Beqaa (Bekaa Valley) separates Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon Mountains", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Mediterranean; mild to cool, wet winters with hot, dry summers; the Lebanon Mountains experience heavy winter snows", "display": "Mediterranean; mild to cool, wet winters with hot, dry summers; the Lebanon Mountains experience heavy winter snows", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Qornet es Saouda 3,088 m | lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m | mean elevation: 1,250 m", "display": "highest point: Qornet es Saouda 3,088 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "earthquakes; dust storms, sandstorms", "display": "earthquakes; dust storms, sandstorms", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "limestone, iron ore, salt, water-surplus state in a water-deficit region, arable land", "display": "limestone, iron ore, salt, water-surplus state in a water-deficit region, arable land", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "the majority of people live on or near the Mediterranean coast, particularly in and around the capital of Beirut", "display": "the majority of people live on or near the Mediterranean coast, particularly in and around the capital of Beirut", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 5,364,482 (2024 est.) | male: 2,678,543 | female: 2,685,939", "display": "total: 5,364,482 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 5364482.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "-0.77% (2025 est.)", "display": "-0.77% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": -0.0077, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 89.4% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: -1.23% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 89.4% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Arabic (official), French, English, Armenian | major-language sample(s): | كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic) | The World Factbook, une source indispensable d'informations de base. (French) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Arabic (official), French, English, Armenian", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Muslim 67.8% (31.9% Sunni, 31.2% Shia, smaller percentages of Alawites and Ismailis), Christian 32.4% (Maronite Catholics are the largest Christian group), Druze 4.5%, very small numbers of Jews, Baha'is, Buddhists, and Hindus (2020 est.) | note: data represent the religious affiliation of the citizen population (data do not include Lebanon's sizable Syrian and Palestinian refugee populations); 18 religious sects recognized", "display": "Muslim 67.8% (31.9% Sunni, 31.2% Shia, smaller percentages of Alawites and Ismailis), Christian 32.4% (Maronite Catholics are the largest Christian group), Druze 4.5%, very small…", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 79.2 years (2024 est.) | male: 77.8 years | female: 80.7 years", "display": "total population: 79.2 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 79.2, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 29.4 years (2025 est.) | male: 35.6 years | female: 36.9 years", "display": "total: 29.4 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "2.421 million BEIRUT (capital) (2023)", "display": "2.421 million BEIRUT (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 92% (2019 est.) | male: 94.8% (2019 est.) | female: 89.5% (2019 est.)", "display": "total population: 92% (2019 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2019 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 11 years (2023 est.) | male: 12 years | female: 11 years (2014)", "display": "total: 11 years (2023 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Lebanese Republic | conventional short form: Lebanon | local long form: Al Jumhuriyah al Lubnaniyah | local short form: Lubnan | former: Greater Lebanon | etymology: derives from the Semitic root lbn, meaning \"white,\" and probably refers to the country's snow-capped mountains", "display": "conventional long form: Lebanese Republic", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Beirut | geographic coordinates: 33 52 N, 35 30 E | time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October | etymology: derived from the Phoenician or Hebrew word be'erot , meaning \"the wells,\" which were the only source of water in the region", "display": "name: Beirut", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary democratic republic", "display": "parliamentary democratic republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "mixed system of civil law based on the French civil code, Ottoman legal tradition, and religious laws covering personal status, marriage, divorce, and other family relations of the Jewish, Islamic, and Christian communities", "display": "mixed system of civil law based on the French civil code, Ottoman legal tradition, and religious laws covering personal status, marriage, divorce, and other family relations of th…", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: drafted 15 May 1926, adopted 23 May 1926 | amendment process: proposed by the president of the republic and introduced as a government bill to the National Assembly or proposed by at least 10 members of the Assembly and agreed upon by two thirds of its members; if proposed by the National Assembly, review and approval by two-thirds majority of the Cabinet is required; if approved, the proposal is next submitted to the Cabinet for drafting as an amendment; Cabinet approval requires at least two-thirds majority, followed by submission to the National Assembly for discussion and vote; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of a required two-thirds quorum of the Assembly membership and promulgation by the president", "display": "history: drafted 15 May 1926, adopted 23 May 1926", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1926 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "8 governorates ( mohafazat , singular - mohafazah ); Aakkar, Baalbek-Hermel, Beqaa (Bekaa), Beyrouth (Beirut), Liban-Nord (North Lebanon), Liban-Sud (South Lebanon), Mont-Liban (Mount Lebanon), Nabatiye", "display": "8 governorates ( mohafazat , singular - mohafazah ); Aakkar, Baalbek-Hermel, Beqaa (Bekaa), Beyrouth (Beirut), Liban-Nord (North Lebanon), Liban-Sud (South Lebanon), Mont-Liban (M…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ABEDA, AFESD, AMF, CAEU, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNOOSA, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, 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"label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$65.415 billion (2023 est.) | $65.917 billion (2022 est.) | $66.329 billion (2021 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$65.415 billion (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 65.415, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$11,300 (2023 est.) | $11,500 (2022 est.) | $11,600 (2021 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$11,300 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 11300.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "-0.8% (2023 est.) | -0.6% (2022 est.) | -7% (2021 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "-0.8% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP 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chemical products, wood and furniture products, oil refining, metal fabricating", "display": "banking, tourism, real estate and construction, food processing, wine, jewelry, cement, textiles, mineral and chemical products, wood and furniture products, oil refining, metal f…", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "potatoes, milk, tomatoes, apples, oranges, olives, cucumbers/gherkins, chicken, lemons/limes, wheat (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "potatoes, milk, tomatoes, apples, oranges, olives, cucumbers/gherkins, chicken, lemons/limes, wheat (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": 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"fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 419,000 (2022 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 7 (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 419,000 (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 419000.0, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 52.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 31% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 15.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 0.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 52.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "43.105 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "43.105 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "8 (2025)", "display": "8 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 5 (2024) | large: 1 | medium: 1 | small: 0 | very small: 3 | ports with oil terminals: 3 | key ports: Bayrut, Sayda, Selaata, Sidon/zahrani Terminal, Tarabulus", "display": "total ports: 5 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 401 km (2017) | standard gauge: 319 km (2017) 1.435-m gauge | narrow gauge: 82 km (2017) 1.050-m gauge | note: rail system is still unusable due to damage sustained from fighting in the 1980s and in 2006", "display": "total: 401 km (2017)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2017 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 51 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 2, container ship 1, general cargo 30, oil tanker 1, other 17", "display": "total: 51 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "deforestation; soil deterioration, erosion; desertification; species loss; air pollution in Beirut from vehicular traffic and the burning of industrial wastes; pollution of coastal waters from raw sewage and oil spills; waste-water management", "display": "deforestation; soil deterioration, erosion; desertification; species loss; air pollution in Beirut from vehicular traffic and the burning of industrial wastes; pollution of coasta…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "17.484 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 375,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 17.109 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "17.484 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "4.503 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "4.503 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 240 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 900 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 700 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 240 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Marine Life Conservation", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardo…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/lebanon.json" }, { "entity_id": "lesotho", "name": "Lesotho", "source_code": "LS", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Africa", "roadmap_country": "Lesotho", "coverage_region": "Africa", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 142, "published_fact_count": 49, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 2222962.0, "area_sq_km": 30355.0, "capital": "Maseru", "government_type": "parliamentary constitutional monarchy", "life_expectancy_years": 60.2, "urban_population_percent": 30.4, "internet_users_percent": 48.0, "electricity_access_percent": 50.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 2600.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": true }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Paramount chief MOSHOESHOE I consolidated what would become Basutoland in the early 19th century and made himself king in 1822. Continuing encroachments by Dutch settlers from the neighboring Orange Free State caused the king to enter into an 1868 agreement with the UK that made Basutoland first a British protectorate and, after 1884, a crown colony. After gaining independence in 1966, the country was renamed the Kingdom of Lesotho. The Basotho National Party ruled the country during its first two decades. King MOSHOESHOE II was exiled in 1990, returned to Lesotho in 1992, was reinstated in 1995, and was then succeeded by his son, King LETSIE III, in 1996. Constitutional government was restored in 1993 after seven years of military rule. | In 1998, violent protests and a military mutiny following a contentious election prompted a brief but bloody intervention by South African and Batswana military forces under the aegis of the Southern African Development Community (SADC). Subsequent constitutional reforms restored relative political stability. Peaceful parliamentary elections were held in 2002, but the National Assembly elections in 2007 were hotly contested, and aggrieved parties disputed how seats were awarded. In 2012, competitive elections saw Prime Minister Motsoahae Thomas THABANE form a coalition government -- the first in the country's history -- that ousted the 14-year incumbent, Pakalitha MOSISILI, who peacefully transferred power the following month. MOSISILI returned to power in snap elections in 2015 after the collapse of THABANE’s coalition government and an alleged attempted military coup. In 2017, THABANE returned to become prime minister but stepped down in 2020 after being implicated in his estranged wife’s murder. He was succeeded by Moseketsi MAJORO. In 2022, Ntsokoane Samuel MATEKANE was inaugurated as prime minister and head of a three-party coalition.", "display": "Paramount chief MOSHOESHOE I consolidated what would become Basutoland in the early 19th century and made himself king in 1822. Continuing encroachments by Dutch settlers from the…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1966 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southern Africa, an enclave of South Africa", "display": "Southern Africa, an enclave of South Africa", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Africa", "display": "Africa", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 30,355 sq km | land: 30,355 sq km | water: 0 sq km", "display": "total : 30,355 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 30355.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "0 km (landlocked)", "display": "0 km (landlocked)", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly highland with plateaus, hills, and mountains", "display": "mostly highland with plateaus, hills, and mountains", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "temperate; cool to cold, dry winters; hot, wet summers", "display": "temperate; cool to cold, dry winters; hot, wet summers", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Thabana Ntlenyana 3,482 m | lowest point: junction of the Orange and Makhaleng Rivers 1,400 m | mean elevation: 2,161 m", "display": "highest point: Thabana Ntlenyana 3,482 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "periodic droughts", "display": "periodic droughts", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "water, agricultural and grazing land, diamonds, sand, clay, building stone", "display": "water, agricultural and grazing land, diamonds, sand, clay, building stone", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "relatively higher population density in the western half of the nation, with the capital of Maseru and the smaller cities of Mafeteng, Teyateyaneng, and Leribe attracting the most people, as shown in this population distribution map", "display": "relatively higher population density in the western half of the nation, with the capital of Maseru and the smaller cities of Mafeteng, Teyateyaneng, and Leribe attracting the most…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 2,222,962 (2025 est.) | male: 1,099,314 | female: 1,123,648", "display": "total: 2,222,962 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 2222962.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.73% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.73% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0073, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 30.4% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 2.77% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 30.4% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Sesotho (official), English (official), Phuthi, Xhosa, Zulu", "display": "Sesotho (official), English (official), Phuthi, Xhosa, Zulu", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Protestant 47.8% (Pentecostal 23.1%, Lesotho Evangelical 17.3%, Anglican 7.4%), Roman Catholic 39.3%, other Christian 9.1%, non-Christian 1.4%, none 2.3% (2014 est.)", "display": "Protestant 47.8% (Pentecostal 23.1%, Lesotho Evangelical 17.3%, Anglican 7.4%), Roman Catholic 39.3%, other Christian 9.1%, non-Christian 1.4%, none 2.3% (2014 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2014 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 60.2 years (2024 est.) | male: 58.1 years | female: 62.3 years", "display": "total population: 60.2 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 60.2, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 24 years (2025 est.) | male: 23.4 years | female: 24.3 years", "display": "total: 24 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "202,000 MASERU (capital) (2018)", "display": "202,000 MASERU (capital) (2018)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 90.4% (2024 est.) | male: 83.2% (2024 est.) | female: 96.6% (2024 est.)", "display": "total population: 90.4% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 11 years (2017 est.) | male: 11 years (2017 est.) | female: 11 years (2017 est.)", "display": "total: 11 years (2017 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2017 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Kingdom of Lesotho | conventional short form: Lesotho | local long form: Kingdom of Lesotho | local short form: Lesotho | former: Basutoland | etymology: the name comes from the Sotho people, whose name means \"dark-skinned;\" Le - is a singular noun prefix; the former name, Basutoland, uses the plural noun prefix, Ba -", "display": "conventional long form: Kingdom of Lesotho", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Maseru | geographic coordinates: 29 19 S, 27 29 E | time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: the name means \"[place of] red sandstones\" in the Sesotho language", "display": "name: Maseru", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary constitutional monarchy", "display": "parliamentary constitutional monarchy", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "mixed system of English common law and Roman-Dutch law; High Court and Court of Appeal review legislative acts", "display": "mixed system of English common law and Roman-Dutch law; High Court and Court of Appeal review legislative acts", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: previous 1959, 1967; latest adopted 2 April 1993 (effectively restoring the 1967 version) | amendment process: proposed by Parliament; passage of amendments affecting constitutional provisions, including fundamental rights and freedoms, sovereignty of the kingdom, the office of the king, and powers of Parliament, requires a majority vote by the National Assembly, approval by the Senate, approval in a referendum by a majority of qualified voters, and assent of the king; passage of amendments other than those specified provisions requires at least a two-thirds majority vote in both houses of Parliament", "display": "history: previous 1959, 1967; latest adopted 2 April 1993 (effectively restoring the 1967 version)", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1959 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "10 districts; Berea, Butha-Buthe, Leribe, Mafeteng, Maseru, Mohale's Hoek, Mokhotlong, Qacha's Nek, Quthing, Thaba-Tseka", "display": "10 districts; Berea, Butha-Buthe, Leribe, Mafeteng, Maseru, Mohale's Hoek, Mokhotlong, Qacha's Nek, Quthing, Thaba-Tseka", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, SACU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, SACU, SADC, UN,…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "lower middle-income economy surrounded by South Africa; environmentally fragile and politically unstable; key infrastructure and renewable energy investments; dire poverty; urban job and income losses due to COVID-19; systemic corruption", "display": "lower middle-income economy surrounded by South Africa; environmentally fragile and politically unstable; key infrastructure and renewable energy investments; dire poverty; urban…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$6.166 billion (2024 est.) | $6 billion (2023 est.) | $5.893 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$6.166 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 6.166, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": 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on tonnage", "display": "milk, potatoes, maize, vegetables, fruits, sorghum, wheat, game meat, beans, wool (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "diamonds, garments, wool, power equipment, bedding (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "diamonds, garments, wool, power equipment, bedding (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, fabric, trucks, garments, cotton fabric (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, fabric, trucks, garments, cotton fabric (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 48% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 48% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.48, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 9,000 (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2023 est.) less than 1", "display": "total: 9,000 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 9000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 50% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 83.6% | electrification - rural areas: 37.7%", "display": "electrification - total population: 50% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 0.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 99.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "8.117 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "8.117 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "34 (2025)", "display": "34 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "overgrazing; severe soil erosion; soil exhaustion; desertification; Highlands Water Project controls, stores, and redirects water to South Africa", "display": "overgrazing; severe soil erosion; soil exhaustion; desertification; Highlands Water Project controls, stores, and redirects water to South Africa", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "1.148 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 175,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 973,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "1.148 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "3.022 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "3.022 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 20 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 20 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 3.8 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 20 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardo…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/lesotho.json" }, { "entity_id": "liberia", "name": "Liberia", "source_code": "LR", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Africa", "roadmap_country": "Liberia", "coverage_region": "Africa", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 140, "published_fact_count": 50, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 5563541.0, "area_sq_km": 111369.0, "capital": "Monrovia", "government_type": "presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 61.6, "urban_population_percent": 53.6, "internet_users_percent": 24.0, "electricity_access_percent": 31.8, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 1700.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "With 28 ethnic groups and languages, Liberia is one of the most ethnically diverse countries in the world. For hundreds of years, the Mali and Songhai Empires claimed most of Liberia. Beginning in the 15th century, European traders began establishing outposts along the Liberian coast. Unlike its neighbors, however, Liberia did not fall under European colonial rule. In the early 19th century, the US began sending freed enslaved people and other people of color to Liberia to establish settlements. In 1847, these settlers declared independence from the US, writing their own constitution and establishing Africa’s first republic. | Early in Liberia’s history, tensions arose between the Americo-Liberian settlers and the indigenous population. In 1980, Samuel DOE, who was from the indigenous population, led a military coup and ushered in a decade of authoritarian rule. In 1989, Charles TAYLOR launched a rebellion that led to a prolonged civil war in which DOE was killed. A period of relative peace in 1997 permitted an election that brought TAYLOR to power. In 2000, fighting resumed. A 2003 peace agreement ended the war and prompted TAYLOR’s resignation. He was later convicted by the UN-backed Special Court for Sierra Leone in The Hague for his involvement in Sierra Leone's civil war. | In 2005, Ellen JOHNSON SIRLEAF became president after two years of transitional governments; she was the first female head of state in Africa. In 2011, JOHNSON SIRLEAF won reelection but struggled to rebuild Liberia's economy -- particularly after the 2014-15 Ebola epidemic -- and to reconcile a nation still recovering from 14 years of fighting. In 2017, former soccer star George WEAH won the presidential runoff election, marking the first successful transfer of power from one democratically elected government to another since the end of Liberia’s civil wars. Like his predecessor, WEAH struggled to improve the country’s economy. In 2023, former Vice President Joseph BOAKAI was elected president, edging out WEAH by a thin margin, the first time since 1927 that an incumbent was not re-elected after one term.", "display": "With 28 ethnic groups and languages, Liberia is one of the most ethnically diverse countries in the world. For hundreds of years, the Mali and Songhai Empires claimed most of Libe…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1980 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Cote d'Ivoire and Sierra Leone", "display": "Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Cote d'Ivoire and Sierra Leone", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Africa", "display": "Africa", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 111,369 sq km | land: 96,320 sq km | water: 15,049 sq km", "display": "total : 111,369 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 111369.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "579 km", "display": "579 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly flat to rolling coastal plains rising to rolling plateau and low mountains in northeast", "display": "mostly flat to rolling coastal plains rising to rolling plateau and low mountains in northeast", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical; hot, humid; dry winters with hot days and cool to cold nights; wet, cloudy summers with frequent heavy showers", "display": "tropical; hot, humid; dry winters with hot days and cool to cold nights; wet, cloudy summers with frequent heavy showers", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Mount Wuteve 1,447 m | lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m | mean elevation: 243 m", "display": "highest point: Mount Wuteve 1,447 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "dust-laden harmattan winds blow from the Sahara (December to March)", "display": "dust-laden harmattan winds blow from the Sahara (December to March)", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "iron ore, timber, diamonds, gold, hydropower", "display": "iron ore, timber, diamonds, gold, hydropower", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "more than half of the population lives in urban areas, with approximately one third living within an 80-km (50-mi) radius of Monrovia, as shown in this population distribution map", "display": "more than half of the population lives in urban areas, with approximately one third living within an 80-km (50-mi) radius of Monrovia, as shown in this population distribution map", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 5,563,541 (2025 est.) | male: 2,774,006 | female: 2,789,535", "display": "total: 5,563,541 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 5563541.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "2.27% (2025 est.)", "display": "2.27% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0227, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 53.6% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 3.41% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)", "display": "urban population: 53.6% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "English 20% (official) and 27 indigenous languages, including Liberian English variants", "display": "English 20% (official) and 27 indigenous languages, including Liberian English variants", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Christian 84.9%, Muslim 12%, Traditional 0.5%, other 0.1%, none 2.6% (2022 est.)", "display": "Christian 84.9%, Muslim 12%, Traditional 0.5%, other 0.1%, none 2.6% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 61.6 years (2024 est.) | male: 59.9 years | female: 63.3 years", "display": "total population: 61.6 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 61.6, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 20.1 years (2025 est.) | male: 19.8 years | female: 20 years", "display": "total: 20.1 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.678 million MONROVIA (capital) (2023)", "display": "1.678 million MONROVIA (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Liberia | conventional short form: Liberia | etymology: name derives from the Latin word liber, meaning \"free;\" so named because the nation was created as a homeland for liberated African-American slaves", "display": "conventional long form: Republic of Liberia", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Monrovia | geographic coordinates: 6 18 N, 10 48 W | time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: named after James MONROE (1758-1831), the fifth president of the United States and supporter of Liberia's colonization by freed slaves", "display": "name: Monrovia", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "presidential republic", "display": "presidential republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "mixed system of common law, based on Anglo-American law and customary law", "display": "mixed system of common law, based on Anglo-American law and customary law", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: previous 1847 (at independence); latest drafted 19 October 1983, revision adopted by referendum 3 July 1984, effective 6 January 1986 | amendment process: proposed by agreement of at least two thirds of both National Assembly houses or by petition of at least 10,000 citizens; passage requires at least two-thirds majority approval of both houses and approval in a referendum by at least two-thirds majority of registered voters", "display": "history: previous 1847 (at independence); latest drafted 19 October 1983, revision adopted by referendum 3 July 1984, effective 6 January 1986", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1983 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "15 counties; Bomi, Bong, Gbarpolu, Grand Bassa, Grand Cape Mount, Grand Gedeh, Grand Kru, Lofa, Margibi, Maryland, Montserrado, Nimba, River Cess, River Gee, Sinoe", "display": "15 counties; Bomi, Bong, Gbarpolu, Grand Bassa, Grand Cape Mount, Grand Gedeh, Grand Kru, Lofa, Margibi, Maryland, Montserrado, Nimba, River Cess, River Gee, Sinoe", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspo…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "low-income West African economy; food scarcity, especially in rural areas; high poverty and inflation; bad recession prior to COVID-19 due to Ebola crisis; growing government debt; longest continuously operated rubber plantation; large informal economy", "display": "low-income West African economy; food scarcity, especially in rural areas; high poverty and inflation; bad recession prior to COVID-19 due to Ebola crisis; growing government debt…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$9.308 billion (2024 est.) | $8.882 billion (2023 est.) | $8.484 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$9.308 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 9.308, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$1,700 (2024 est.) | $1,600 (2023 est.) | $1,600 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$1,700 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 1700.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "4.8% (2024 est.) | 4.7% (2023 est.) | 4.8% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "4.8% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "10.1% (2023 est.) | 7.6% (2022 est.) | 7.8% (2021 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "10.1% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.10099999999999999, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.9% (2024 est.) | 3% (2023 est.) | 3% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "2.9% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.028999999999999998, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "mining (iron ore and gold), rubber processing, palm oil processing, diamonds", "display": "mining (iron ore and gold), rubber processing, palm oil processing, diamonds", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "cassava, sugarcane, rice, oil palm fruit, bananas, rubber, vegetables, plantains, taro, maize (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "cassava, sugarcane, rice, oil palm fruit, bananas, rubber, vegetables, plantains, taro, maize (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "gold, ships, iron ore, rubber, refined petroleum (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "gold, ships, iron ore, rubber, refined petroleum (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "ships, refined petroleum, rice, trucks, centrifuges (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "ships, refined petroleum, rice, trucks, centrifuges (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 24% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 24% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.24, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 15,000 (2022 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2022 est.) less than 1", "display": "total: 15,000 (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 15000.0, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 31.8% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 53.7% | electrification - rural areas: 14.9%", "display": "electrification - total population: 31.8% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 66.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 1.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 32.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 0.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 66.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "1.822 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "1.822 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "19 (2025)", "display": "19 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 4 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 1 | very small: 3 | ports with oil terminals: 3 | key ports: Buchanan, Cape Palmas, Greenville, Monrovia", "display": "total ports: 4 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 429 km (2008) | standard gauge: 345 km (2008) 1.435-m gauge | narrow gauge: 84 km (2008) 1.067-m gauge | note: most sections of the railways inoperable due to damage sustained during the civil wars from 1980 to 2003, but many are being rebuilt", "display": "total: 429 km (2008)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2008 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 4,821 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 1,895, container ship 1,013, general cargo 170, oil tanker 1,038, other 705", "display": "total: 4,821 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "tropical rainforest deforestation; soil erosion; loss of biodiversity; hunting of endangered species for bushmeat; pollution of coastal waters from oil residue and raw sewage; pollution of rivers from industrial run-off; burning and dumping of household waste", "display": "tropical rainforest deforestation; soil erosion; loss of biodiversity; hunting of endangered species for bushmeat; pollution of coastal waters from oil residue and raw sewage; pol…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "671,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 4 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 671,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "671,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "232 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "232 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 80.2 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 53.4 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 12.3 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 80.2 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Marine Life Conservation", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardo…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/liberia.json" }, { "entity_id": "libya", "name": "Libya", "source_code": "LY", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Africa", "roadmap_country": "Libya", "coverage_region": "Africa", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 134, "published_fact_count": 49, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 7361263.0, "area_sq_km": 1759540.0, "capital": "Tripoli (Tarabulus)", "government_type": "in transition", "life_expectancy_years": 77.7, "urban_population_percent": 81.6, "internet_users_percent": 89.0, "electricity_access_percent": 70.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 12300.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Berbers have inhabited central north Africa since ancient times, but Phoenicians, Greeks, Carthaginians, Persians, Egyptians, Romans, and Vandals have all settled and ruled the region. In the 7th century, Islam spread through the area. In the mid-16th century, Ottoman rule began; the Italians supplanted the Ottoman Turks in the area around Tripoli in 1911 and held it until 1943, when they were defeated in World War II. Libya then came under UN administration and achieved independence in 1951. Col. Muammar al-QADHAFI assumed leadership with a military coup in 1969 and began to espouse a political system that combined socialism and Islam. During the 1970s, QADHAFI used oil revenues to promote his ideology outside Libya, supporting subversive and terrorist activities that included the downing of two airliners -- one over Scotland and another in Northern Africa -- and a discotheque bombing in Berlin. UN sanctions in 1992 isolated QADHAFI politically and economically; the sanctions were lifted in 2003 when Libya accepted responsibility for the bombings and agreed to claimant compensation. QADHAFI also agreed to end Libya's program to develop weapons of mass destruction, and he made significant strides in normalizing relations with Western nations. | Unrest that began in several Middle Eastern and North African countries in 2010 erupted in Libyan cities in 2011. QADHAFI's brutal crackdown on protesters spawned an eight-month civil war that saw the emergence of a National Transitional Council (NTC), UN authorization of air and naval intervention by the international community, and the toppling of the QADHAFI regime. In 2012, the NTC handed power to an elected parliament, the General National Congress (GNC), which was replaced two years later with the House of Representatives (HoR). In 2015, the UN brokered the Libyan Political Agreement (LPA) among a broad array of political parties and social groups, establishing an interim executive body. However, hardliners continued to oppose and hamper the LPA implementation, leaving Libya with eastern and western-based rival governments. In 2018, the international community supported a recalibrated plan that aimed to break the political deadlock with a National Conference in 2019. These plans, however, were derailed when the eastern-based, self-described Libyan National Army (LNA) launched an offensive to seize Tripoli. The LNA offensive collapsed in 2020, and a subsequent UN-sponsored cease-fire helped formalize the pause in fighting between rival camps. | In 2021, the UN-facilitated Libyan Political Dialogue Forum selected a new prime minister for an interim government -- the Government of National Unity (GNU) -- and a new presidential council charged with preparing for elections and uniting the country’s state institutions. The HoR approved the GNU and its cabinet the same year, providing Libya with its first unified government since 2014, but the parliament then postponed the planned presidential election to an undetermined date in the future. In 2022, the HoR voted to replace GNU interim Prime Minister, Abdul Hamid DUBAYBAH, with another government led by Fathi BASHAGHA. GNU allegations of an illegitimate HoR vote allowed DUBAYBAH to remain in office and rebuff BASHAGHA's attempts to seat his government in Tripoli. In 2023, the HoR voted to replace BASHAGHA with Osma HAMAD. Special Representative of the UN Security-General for Libya, Abdoulaye BATHILY, is leading international efforts to persuade key Libyan political actors to resolve the core issues impeding elections.", "display": "Berbers have inhabited central north Africa since ancient times, but Phoenicians, Greeks, Carthaginians, Persians, Egyptians, Romans, and Vandals have all settled and ruled the re…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1911 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt, Tunisia, and Algeria", "display": "Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt, Tunisia, and Algeria", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Africa", "display": "Africa", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 1,759,540 sq km | land: 1,759,540 sq km | water: 0 sq km", "display": "total : 1,759,540 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 1759540.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "1,770 km", "display": "1,770 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly barren, flat to undulating plains, plateaus, depressions", "display": "mostly barren, flat to undulating plains, plateaus, depressions", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Mediterranean along coast; dry, extreme desert interior", "display": "Mediterranean along coast; dry, extreme desert interior", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Bikku Bitti 2,267 m | lowest point: Sabkhat Ghuzayyil -47 m | mean elevation: 423 m", "display": "highest point: Bikku Bitti 2,267 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "hot, dry, dust-laden ghibli is a southern wind lasting one to four days in spring and fall; dust storms, sandstorms", "display": "hot, dry, dust-laden ghibli is a southern wind lasting one to four days in spring and fall; dust storms, sandstorms", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "petroleum, natural gas, gypsum", "display": "petroleum, natural gas, gypsum", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "over 90% of the population lives along the Mediterranean coast in and between Tripoli to the west and Al Bayda to the east; the interior remains vastly underpopulated due to the Sahara and its lack of surface water, as shown in this population distribution map", "display": "over 90% of the population lives along the Mediterranean coast in and between Tripoli to the west and Al Bayda to the east; the interior remains vastly underpopulated due to the S…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 7,361,263 (2024 est.) | male: 3,747,364 | female: 3,613,899 | note: immigrants make up just over 12% of the total population, according to UN data (2019)", "display": "total: 7,361,263 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 7361263.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.35% (2025 est.)", "display": "1.35% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.013500000000000002, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 81.6% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 1.45% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 81.6% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Arabic (official), Italian, English (all widely understood in the major cities); Tamazight (Nafusi, Ghadamis, Suknah, Awjilah, Tamasheq) | major-language sample(s): | كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Arabic (official), Italian, English (all widely understood in the major cities); Tamazight (Nafusi, Ghadamis, Suknah, Awjilah, Tamasheq)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Muslim (official; virtually all Sunni) 96.6%, Christian 2.7%, Buddhist <1%, Hindu <1%, Jewish <1%, folk religion <1%, other <1%, unaffiliated <1% (2020 est.) | note: non-Sunni Muslims include native Ibadhi Muslims (<1% of the population) and foreign Muslims", "display": "Muslim (official; virtually all Sunni) 96.6%, Christian 2.7%, Buddhist <1%, Hindu <1%, Jewish <1%, folk religion <1%, other <1%, unaffiliated <1% (2020 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 77.7 years (2024 est.) | male: 75.5 years | female: 80 years", "display": "total population: 77.7 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 77.7, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 26.4 years (2025 est.) | male: 26.3 years | female: 26.2 years", "display": "total: 26.4 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.183 million TRIPOLI (capital), 984,000 Misratah, 859,000 Benghazi (2023)", "display": "1.183 million TRIPOLI (capital), 984,000 Misratah, 859,000 Benghazi (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: State of Libya | conventional short form: Libya | local long form: Dawlat Libiya | local short form: Libiya | etymology: the name probably derives from the Libu, a North African tribe first mentioned in texts from the 13th century B.C.; the ancient Greeks and Romans used the name for the entire North African coast west of Egypt", "display": "conventional long form: State of Libya", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Tripoli (Tarabulus) | geographic coordinates: 32 53 N, 13 10 E | time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: the name derives from the Greek words tri and polis , meaning \"three cities;\" the modern-day city was founded in the 14th century to replace the three ancient cities of Pallantium, Tegea, and Mantineia", "display": "name: Tripoli (Tarabulus)", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "in transition", "display": "in transition", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "Libya's post-revolution system is in flux and driven by state and non-state entities", "display": "Libya's post-revolution system is in flux and driven by state and non-state entities", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: previous 1951, 1977, 2011 (interim) | note: a draft constitution was approved in 2017, but it is not yet ratified", "display": "history: previous 1951, 1977, 2011 (interim)", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1951 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "22 governorates ( muhafazah , singular - muhafazat ); Al Butnan, Al Jabal al Akhdar, Al Jabal al Gharbi, Al Jafarah, Al Jufrah, Al Kufrah, Al Marj, Al Marqab, Al Wahat, An Nuqat al Khams, Az Zawiyah, Banghazi (Benghazi), Darnah, Ghat, Misratah, Murzuq, Nalut, Sabha, Surt, Tarabulus (Tripoli), Wadi al Hayat, Wadi ash Shati", "display": "22 governorates ( muhafazah , singular - muhafazat ); Al Butnan, Al Jabal al Akhdar, Al Jabal al Gharbi, Al Jafarah, Al Jufrah, Al Kufrah, Al Marj, Al Marqab, Al Wahat, An Nuqat a…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AMU, AU, BDEAC, CAEU, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAS, LCBC, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNOOSA, UNSMIL, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)", "display": "ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AMU, AU, BDEAC, CAEU, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "upper middle-income, fossil fuel-based North African economy; 31% economic contraction due to COVID-19 and 2020 oil blockade; reduced government spending; central bank had to devalue currency; public wages are over 60% of expenditures", "display": "upper middle-income, fossil fuel-based North African economy; 31% economic contraction due to COVID-19 and 2020 oil blockade; reduced government spending; central bank had to deva…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$90.609 billion (2024 est.) | $91.161 billion (2023 est.) | $82.756 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$90.609 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 90.609, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$12,300 (2024 est.) | $12,500 (2023 est.) | $11,500 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$12,300 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 12300.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "-0.6% (2024 est.) | 10.2% (2023 est.) | -8.3% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "-0.6% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.1% (2024 est.) | 2.4% (2023 est.) | 4.5% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "2.1% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.021, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "18.7% (2024 est.) | 18.8% (2023 est.) | 19.3% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "18.7% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.187, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "petroleum, petrochemicals, aluminum, iron and steel, food processing, textiles, handicrafts, cement", "display": "petroleum, petrochemicals, aluminum, iron and steel, food processing, textiles, handicrafts, cement", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "potatoes, onions, watermelons, tomatoes, dates, olives, milk, chicken, wheat, vegetables (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "potatoes, onions, watermelons, tomatoes, dates, olives, milk, chicken, wheat, vegetables (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "crude petroleum, natural gas, refined petroleum, gold, scrap iron (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "crude petroleum, natural gas, refined petroleum, gold, scrap iron (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, broadcasting equipment, tobacco, garments, cars (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, broadcasting equipment, tobacco, garments, cars (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 89% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 89% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.89, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 326,000 (2022 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 5 (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 326,000 (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 326000.0, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 70% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 100%", "display": "electrification - total population: 70% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 100% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 100% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "100.844 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "100.844 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "75 (2025)", "display": "75 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 14 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 2 | small: 3 | very small: 9 | ports with oil terminals: 10 | key ports: Al Burayqah, Az Zawiya, Banghazi, Mersa Tobruq, Mina Tarabulus (Tripoli)", "display": "total ports: 14 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 96 (2023) | by type: general cargo 2, oil tanker 13, other 81", "display": "total: 96 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "desertification; limited natural freshwater resources; water pollution; threats to coastal ecosystem from sewage, oil byproducts, and industrial waste", "display": "desertification; limited natural freshwater resources; water pollution; threats to coastal ecosystem from sewage, oil byproducts, and industrial waste", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "46.479 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 700 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 29.542 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 16.936 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "46.479 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "700 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "700 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 700 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 280 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 4.85 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 700 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Law of the Sea", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping-London…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/libya.json" }, { "entity_id": "liechtenstein", "name": "Liechtenstein", "source_code": "LI", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Europe", "roadmap_country": "Liechtenstein", "coverage_region": "Europe", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 101, "published_fact_count": 43, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 40547.0, "area_sq_km": 160.0, "capital": "Vaduz", "government_type": "constitutional monarchy", "life_expectancy_years": 83.0, "urban_population_percent": 14.6, "internet_users_percent": 97.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 210600.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": true }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "The Principality of Liechtenstein was established within the Holy Roman Empire in 1719. Occupied by both French and Russian troops during the Napoleonic Wars, it became a sovereign state in 1806 and joined the German Confederation in 1815. Liechtenstein became fully independent in 1866 when the Confederation dissolved. Until the end of World War I, it was closely tied to Austria, but the economic devastation caused by that conflict forced Liechtenstein to enter into a customs and monetary union with Switzerland. Since World War II (in which Liechtenstein remained neutral), the country's low taxes have spurred outstanding economic growth. In 2000, shortcomings in banking regulatory oversight resulted in concerns about the use of financial institutions for money laundering. However, Liechtenstein implemented anti-money laundering legislation and a Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty with the US that went into effect in 2003.", "display": "The Principality of Liechtenstein was established within the Holy Roman Empire in 1719. Occupied by both French and Russian troops during the Napoleonic Wars, it became a sovereig…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2000 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Central Europe, between Austria and Switzerland", "display": "Central Europe, between Austria and Switzerland", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Europe", "display": "Europe", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 160 sq km | land: 160 sq km | water: 0 sq km", "display": "total : 160 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 160.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "0 km (doubly landlocked)", "display": "0 km (doubly landlocked)", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly mountainous (Alps) with Rhine Valley in western third", "display": "mostly mountainous (Alps) with Rhine Valley in western third", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "continental; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow or rain; cool to moderately warm, cloudy, humid summers", "display": "continental; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow or rain; cool to moderately warm, cloudy, humid summers", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Vorder-Grauspitz 2,599 m | lowest point: Ruggeller Riet 430 m", "display": "highest point: Vorder-Grauspitz 2,599 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "avalanches, landslides", "display": "avalanches, landslides", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "hydroelectric potential, arable land", "display": "hydroelectric potential, arable land", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "most of the population is found in the western half of the country along the Rhine River", "display": "most of the population is found in the western half of the country along the Rhine River", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 40,547 (2025 est.) | male: 20,215 | female: 20,332", "display": "total: 40,547 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 40547.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.68% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.68% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0068000000000000005, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 14.6% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 1.15% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 14.6% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "German 91.5% (official, Alemannic is the main dialect), Italian 1.5%, Turkish 1.3%, Portuguese 1.1%, other 4.6% (2015 est.) | major-language sample(s): | Das World Factbook, die unverzichtbare Quelle für grundlegende Informationen. (German) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "German 91.5% (official, Alemannic is the main dialect), Italian 1.5%, Turkish 1.3%, Portuguese 1.1%, other 4.6% (2015 est.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2015 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Roman Catholic (official) 73.4%, Protestant Reformed 6.3%, Muslim 5.9%, Christian Orthodox 1.3%, Lutheran 1.2%, other Protestant 0.7%, other Christian 0.3%, other 0.8%, none 7%, unspecified 3.3% (2015 est.)", "display": "Roman Catholic (official) 73.4%, Protestant Reformed 6.3%, Muslim 5.9%, Christian Orthodox 1.3%, Lutheran 1.2%, other Protestant 0.7%, other Christian 0.3%, other 0.8%, none 7%, u…", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2015 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 83 years (2024 est.) | male: 80.7 years | female: 85.8 years", "display": "total population: 83 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 83.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 44.4 years (2025 est.) | male: 42.4 years | female: 46.1 years", "display": "total: 44.4 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "5,000 VADUZ (capital) (2018)", "display": "5,000 VADUZ (capital) (2018)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 15 years (2021 est.) | male: 16 years (2021 est.) | female: 14 years (2021 est.)", "display": "total: 15 years (2021 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Principality of Liechtenstein | conventional short form: Liechtenstein | local long form: Fuerstentum Liechtenstein | local short form: Liechtenstein | etymology: named after the Liechtenstein family that purchased and united the counties of Schellenburg and Vaduz in 1719; the family name was taken from its Austrian castle of the same name, which in German means \"light stone\"", "display": "conventional long form: Principality of Liechtenstein", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Vaduz | geographic coordinates: 47 08 N, 9 31 E | time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October | etymology: may be a conflation from the Latin vallis (valley) and the Old German dutsch (German) to produce Valdutsch (\"German valley\"), which was simplified over time to Vaduz", "display": "name: Vaduz", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "constitutional monarchy", "display": "constitutional monarchy", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law system influenced by Swiss, Austrian, and German law", "display": "civil law system influenced by Swiss, Austrian, and German law", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: previous 1862; latest adopted 5 October 1921 | amendment process: proposed by Parliament, by the reigning prince (in the form of \"Government\" proposals), by petition of at least 1,500 qualified voters, or by at least four communes; passage requires unanimous approval of Parliament members in one sitting or three-quarters majority vote in two successive sittings; referendum required only if petitioned by at least 1,500 voters or by at least four communes; passage by referendum requires absolute majority of votes cast", "display": "history: previous 1862; latest adopted 5 October 1921", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1921 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "11 communes ( Gemeinden , singular - Gemeinde ); Balzers, Eschen, Gamprin, Mauren, Planken, Ruggell, Schaan, Schellenberg, Triesen, Triesenberg, Vaduz", "display": "11 communes ( Gemeinden , singular - Gemeinde ); Balzers, Eschen, Gamprin, Mauren, Planken, Ruggell, Schaan, Schellenberg, Triesen, Triesenberg, Vaduz", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "CD, CE, EBRD, EFTA, IAEA, ICCt, ICRM, IFRCS, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), OAS (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WIPO, WTO", "display": "CD, CE, EBRD, EFTA, IAEA, ICCt, ICRM, IFRCS, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), OAS (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WIPO, WTO", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "high-income European economy; Schengen Area participant; key European financial leader; integrated with Swiss economy and franc currency user; one of the highest GDP per capita countries; relies on US and Eurozone markets for exports", "display": "high-income European economy; Schengen Area participant; key European financial leader; integrated with Swiss economy and franc currency user; one of the highest GDP per capita co…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$7.172 billion (2024 est.) | $7.031 billion (2023 est.) | $6.885 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2015 dollars", "display": "$7.172 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 7.172, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$210,600 (2024 est.) | $201,200 (2023 est.) | $187,700 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2015 dollars", "display": "$210,600 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 210600.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.8% (2022 est.) | 0.6% (2021 est.) | -0.7% (2020 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "2.8% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.027999999999999997, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "electronics, metal manufacturing, dental products, ceramics, pharmaceuticals, food products, precision instruments, tourism, optical instruments", "display": "electronics, metal manufacturing, dental products, ceramics, pharmaceuticals, food products, precision instruments, tourism, optical instruments", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "wheat, barley, corn, potatoes; livestock, dairy products", "display": "wheat, barley, corn, potatoes; livestock, dairy products", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "small specialty machinery, connectors for audio and video, parts for motor vehicles, dental products, hardware | top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "small specialty machinery, connectors for audio and video, parts for motor vehicles, dental products, hardware", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "agricultural products, raw materials, energy products, machinery, metal goods, textiles, foodstuffs, motor vehicles", "display": "agricultural products, raw materials, energy products, machinery, metal goods, textiles, foodstuffs, motor vehicles", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 97% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 97% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.97, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 20,000 (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 50 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 20,000 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 20000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 9 km (2018) | standard gauge: 9 km (2018) 1.435-m gauge (electrified) | note: belongs to the Austrian Railway System connecting Austria and Switzerland", "display": "total: 9 km (2018)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 17 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 14, general cargo 1, other 2 (includes Switzerland)", "display": "total: 17 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "some air pollution generated locally, some carried over from surrounding countries", "display": "some air pollution generated locally, some carried over from surrounding countries", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 10 million cubic meters (2020 est.)", "display": "municipal: 10 million cubic meters (2020 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Law of the Sea", "display": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/liechtenstein.json" }, { "entity_id": "lithuania", "name": "Lithuania", "source_code": "LT", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Europe", "roadmap_country": "Lithuania", "coverage_region": "Europe", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 146, "published_fact_count": 51, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 2815687.0, "area_sq_km": 65300.0, "capital": "Vilnius", "government_type": "semi-presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 76.1, "urban_population_percent": 68.7, "internet_users_percent": 89.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 47200.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Lithuanian lands were united under MINDAUGAS in 1236; over the next century, Lithuania extended its territory through alliances and conquest to include most of present-day Belarus and Ukraine. By the end of the 14th century, Lithuania was the largest state in Europe. An alliance with Poland in 1386 led the two countries into a union through a common ruler. In 1569, Lithuania and Poland formally united into a single dual state, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. This entity survived until 1795 when surrounding countries partitioned its remnants. Lithuania regained its independence after World War I, but the USSR annexed it in 1940 -- an action never recognized by the US and many other countries. In 1990, Lithuania became the first of the Soviet republics to declare its independence, but Moscow did not recognize this proclamation until 1991. The last Russian troops withdrew in 1993. Lithuania subsequently restructured its economy for integration into West European institutions; it joined both NATO and the EU in 2004. In 2015, Lithuania joined the euro zone, and it joined the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development in 2018.", "display": "Lithuanian lands were united under MINDAUGAS in 1236; over the next century, Lithuania extended its territory through alliances and conquest to include most of present-day Belarus…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1940 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Eastern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, between Latvia and Russia, west of Belarus", "display": "Eastern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, between Latvia and Russia, west of Belarus", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Europe", "display": "Europe", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 65,300 sq km | land: 62,680 sq km | water: 2,620 sq km", "display": "total : 65,300 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 65300.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "90 km", "display": "90 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "lowland, many scattered small lakes, fertile soil", "display": "lowland, many scattered small lakes, fertile soil", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "transitional, between maritime and continental; wet, moderate winters and summers", "display": "transitional, between maritime and continental; wet, moderate winters and summers", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Aukstojas 294 m | lowest point: Baltic Sea 0 m | mean elevation: 110 m", "display": "highest point: Aukstojas 294 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "occasional floods, droughts", "display": "occasional floods, droughts", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "peat, arable land, amber", "display": "peat, arable land, amber", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "fairly even population distribution throughout the country, but somewhat greater concentrations in the southern cities of Vilnius and Kaunas, as well as the western port of Klaipeda", "display": "fairly even population distribution throughout the country, but somewhat greater concentrations in the southern cities of Vilnius and Kaunas, as well as the western port of Klaipe…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 2,815,687 (2025 est.) | male: 1,334,600 | female: 1,481,087", "display": "total: 2,815,687 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 2815687.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "-0.71% (2025 est.)", "display": "-0.71% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": -0.0070999999999999995, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 68.7% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: -0.12% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 68.7% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Lithuanian (official) 85.3%, Russian 6.8%, Polish 5.1%, other 1.1%, two mother tongues 1.7% (2021 est.) | major-language sample(s): | Pasaulio enciklopedija – naudingas bendrosios informacijos šaltinis. (Lithuanian) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Lithuanian (official) 85.3%, Russian 6.8%, Polish 5.1%, other 1.1%, two mother tongues 1.7% (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Roman Catholic 74.2%, Russian Orthodox 3.7%, Old Believer 0.6%, Evangelical Lutheran 0.6%, Evangelical Reformist 0.2%, other (including Sunni Muslim, Jewish, Greek Catholic, and Karaite) 0.9%, none 6.1%, unspecified 13.7% (2021 est.)", "display": "Roman Catholic 74.2%, Russian Orthodox 3.7%, Old Believer 0.6%, Evangelical Lutheran 0.6%, Evangelical Reformist 0.2%, other (including Sunni Muslim, Jewish, Greek Catholic, and K…", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 76.1 years (2024 est.) | male: 70.8 years | female: 81.7 years", "display": "total population: 76.1 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 76.1, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 44 years (2025 est.) | male: 40.9 years | female: 49.2 years", "display": "total: 44 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "541,000 VILNIUS (capital) (2023)", "display": "541,000 VILNIUS (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 17 years (2022 est.) | male: 16 years (2022 est.) | female: 17 years (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 17 years (2022 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Lithuania | conventional short form: Lithuania | local long form: Lietuvos Respublika | local short form: Lietuva | former: Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (while occupied by the USSR) | etymology: meaning of the name is obscure; may be derived from the local words lietava , meaning \"small river,\" or lietus , meaning \"rain\" or \"land of rain,\" or the Latin word litus , meaning \"shore\"", "display": "conventional long form: Republic of Lithuania", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Vilnius | geographic coordinates: 54 41 N, 25 19 E | time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October | etymology: named after the Vilnia River; the river name is said to derive from the Lithuanian word vilnis , meaning \"wave\"", "display": "name: Vilnius", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "semi-presidential republic", "display": "semi-presidential republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law system; legislative acts can be appealed to the Constitutional Court", "display": "civil law system; legislative acts can be appealed to the Constitutional Court", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: several previous; latest adopted by referendum 25 October 1992, entered into force 2 November 1992 | amendment process: proposed by at least one fourth of all Parliament members or by petition of at least 300,000 voters; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of Parliament in each of two readings three months apart and a presidential signature; amendments to constitutional articles on national sovereignty and constitutional amendment procedure also require three-fourths voter approval in a referendum", "display": "history: several previous; latest adopted by referendum 25 October 1992, entered into force 2 November 1992", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1992 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "60 municipalities ( savivaldybe , singular - savivaldybe ); Akmene, Alytaus Miestas, Alytus, Anksciai, Birstonas, Birzai, Druskininkai, Elektrenai, Ignalina, Jonava, Joniskis, Jurbarkas, Kaisiadorys, Kalvarija, Kauno Miestas, Kaunas, Kazlu Rudos, Kedainiai, Kelme, Klaipedos Miestas, Klaipeda, Kretinga, Kupiskis, Lazdijai, Marijampole, Mazeikiai, Moletai, Neringa, Pagegiai, Pakruojis, Palangos Miestas, Panevezio Miestas, Panevezys, Pasvalys, Plunge, Prienai, Radviliskis, Raseiniai, Rietavas, Rokiskis, Sakiai, Salcininkai, Siauliu Miestas, Siauliai, Silale, Silute, Sirvintos, Skuodas, Svencionys, Taurage, Telsiai, Trakai, Ukmerge, Utena, Varena, Vilkaviskis, Vilniaus Miestas, Vilnius, Visaginas, Zarasai", "display": "60 municipalities ( savivaldybe , singular - savivaldybe ); Akmene, Alytaus Miestas, Alytus, Anksciai, Birstonas, Birzai, Druskininkai, Elektrenai, Ignalina, Jonava, Joniskis, Jur…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "Australia Group, BA, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "Australia Group, BA, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, 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2021 dollars", "display": "$136.227 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 136.227, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$47,200 (2024 est.) | $46,200 (2023 est.) | $46,700 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$47,200 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 47200.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.8% (2024 est.) | 0.3% (2023 est.) | 2.5% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "2.8% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "0.7% (2024 est.) | 9.1% (2023 est.) | 19.7% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "0.7% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.006999999999999999, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "7.6% (2024 est.) | 6.9% (2023 est.) | 6% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "7.6% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.076, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "metal-cutting machine tools, electric motors, televisions, refrigerators and freezers, petroleum refining, shipbuilding (small ships), furniture, textiles, food processing, fertilizer, agricultural machinery, optical equipment, lasers, electronic components, computers, amber jewelry, information technology, video game development, app/software development, biotechnology", "display": "metal-cutting machine tools, electric motors, televisions, refrigerators and freezers, petroleum refining, shipbuilding (small ships), furniture, textiles, food processing, fertil…", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "wheat, milk, sugar beets, rapeseed, barley, potatoes, triticale, oats, beans, peas (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "wheat, milk, sugar beets, rapeseed, barley, potatoes, triticale, oats, beans, peas (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, furniture, plastic products, wheat, cars (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, furniture, plastic products, wheat, cars (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "crude petroleum, cars, natural gas, packaged medicine, plastic products (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "crude petroleum, cars, natural gas, packaged medicine, plastic products (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 89% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 89% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.89, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 806,000 (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 28 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 806,000 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 806000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 16.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 14.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 51% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 4.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 13.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 16.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "83.7 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "83.7 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "64 (2025)", "display": "64 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 2 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 1 | small: 0 | very small: 1 | ports with oil terminals: 2 | key ports: Butinge Oil Terminal, Klaipeda", "display": "total ports: 2 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 1,911 km (2020) 152 km electrified", "display": "total: 1,911 km (2020) 152 km electrified", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 59 (2023) | by type: container ship 3, general cargo 19, oil tanker 2, other 35", "display": "total: 59 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": 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"renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "24.5 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "24.5 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 136.78 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 87.96 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 58.74 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 136.78 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/lithuania.json" }, { "entity_id": "luxembourg", "name": "Luxembourg", "source_code": "LU", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Europe", "roadmap_country": "Luxembourg", "coverage_region": "Europe", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 144, "published_fact_count": 50, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 671254.0, "area_sq_km": 2586.0, "capital": "Luxembourg", "government_type": "constitutional monarchy", "life_expectancy_years": 83.4, "urban_population_percent": 92.1, "internet_users_percent": 99.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 128200.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": true }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Founded in 963, Luxembourg became a grand duchy in 1815 and a constituent part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands after the Congress of Vienna. When Belgium declared independence from the Netherlands in 1839, Luxembourg lost more than half of its territory to Belgium but gained a larger measure of autonomy within the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Luxembourg gained full independence in 1867 by promising to remain permanently neutral. Overrun by Germany in both world wars, its neutrality ended in 1948 when it entered into the Benelux Customs Union and joined NATO the following year. In 1957, Luxembourg became one of the six founding countries of the EEC (later the EU), and in 1999 it joined the euro currency zone.", "display": "Founded in 963, Luxembourg became a grand duchy in 1815 and a constituent part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands after the Congress of Vienna. When Belgium declared independence f…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1948 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Western Europe, between France and Germany", "display": "Western Europe, between France and Germany", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Europe", "display": "Europe", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 2,586 sq km | land: 2,586 sq km | water: 0 sq km", "display": "total : 2,586 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 2586.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "0 km (landlocked)", "display": "0 km (landlocked)", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly gently rolling uplands with broad, shallow valleys; uplands to slightly mountainous in the north; steep slope down to Moselle flood plain in the southeast", "display": "mostly gently rolling uplands with broad, shallow valleys; uplands to slightly mountainous in the north; steep slope down to Moselle flood plain in the southeast", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "modified continental with mild winters, cool summers", "display": "modified continental with mild winters, cool summers", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Buurgplaatz 559 m | lowest point: Moselle River 133 m | mean elevation: 325 m", "display": "highest point: Buurgplaatz 559 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "occasional flooding", "display": "occasional flooding", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "iron ore (no longer exploited), arable land", "display": "iron ore (no longer exploited), arable land", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "most people live in the south, on or near the border with France", "display": "most people live in the south, on or near the border with France", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 671,254 (2024 est.) | male: 338,702 | female: 332,552", "display": "total: 671,254 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 671254.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.26% (2025 est.)", "display": "1.26% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0126, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 92.1% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 1.43% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 92.1% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Luxembourgish (official administrative, judicial, and national language) 48.9%, Portuguese 15.4%, French (official administrative, judicial, and legislative language) 14.9%, Italian 3.6%, English 3.6%, German (official administrative and judicial language) 2.9%, other 10.8% (2021 est.)", "display": "Luxembourgish (official administrative, judicial, and national language) 48.9%, Portuguese 15.4%, French (official administrative, judicial, and legislative language) 14.9%, Itali…", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Christian (predominantly Roman Catholic) 70.6%, Muslim 2.3%, other (includes Buddhist, folk religions, Hindu, Jewish) 0.4%, unaffiliated 26.7% (2020 est.)", "display": "Christian (predominantly Roman Catholic) 70.6%, Muslim 2.3%, other (includes Buddhist, folk religions, Hindu, Jewish) 0.4%, unaffiliated 26.7% (2020 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 83.4 years (2024 est.) | male: 80.9 years | female: 85.9 years", "display": "total population: 83.4 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 83.4, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 40.1 years (2025 est.) | male: 39.4 years | female: 40.4 years", "display": "total: 40.1 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "120,000 LUXEMBOURG (capital) (2018)", "display": "120,000 LUXEMBOURG (capital) (2018)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 14 years (2022 est.) | male: 14 years (2022 est.) | female: 15 years (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 14 years (2022 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Grand Duchy of Luxembourg | conventional short 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successive readings three months apart; a referendum can be substituted for the second reading if approved by more than a quarter of the Chamber members or by 25,000 valid voters; adoption by referendum requires a majority of all valid voters", "display": "history: previous 1842 (heavily amended 1848, 1856); latest effective 17 October 1868", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "12 cantons; Capellen, Clervaux, Diekirch, Echternach, Esch-sur-Alzette, Grevenmacher, Luxembourg, Mersch, Redange, Remich, Vianden, Wiltz", "display": "12 cantons; Capellen, Clervaux, Diekirch, Echternach, Esch-sur-Alzette, Grevenmacher, Luxembourg, Mersch, Redange, Remich, Vianden, Wiltz", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": 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"Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "high-income EU and eurozone economy; global, highly capitalized banking sector; one of highest GDP-per-capita countries; strengthened domestic demand and lower interest rates contributing to economic growth; challenges include pension-system sustainability, labor-market dynamics, and energy price volatility", "display": "high-income EU and eurozone economy; global, highly capitalized banking sector; one of highest GDP-per-capita countries; strengthened domestic demand and lower interest rates cont…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$86.871 billion (2024 est.) | $85.984 billion (2023 est.) | $86.584 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$86.871 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 86.871, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$128,200 (2024 est.) | $129,000 (2023 est.) | $132,600 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$128,200 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 128200.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "1% (2024 est.) | -0.7% (2023 est.) | -1.1% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "1% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.1% (2024 est.) | 3.7% (2023 est.) | 6.3% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "2.1% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.021, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "6% (2024 est.) | 5.2% (2023 est.) | 4.6% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "6% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.06, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "banking and financial services, construction, real estate services, iron, metals, and steel, information technology, telecommunications, cargo transportation and logistics, chemicals, engineering, tires, glass, aluminum, tourism, biotechnology", "display": "banking and financial services, construction, real estate services, iron, metals, and steel, information technology, telecommunications, cargo transportation and logistics, chemic…", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "milk, wheat, barley, triticale, potatoes, pork, grapes, beef, rye, rapeseed (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "milk, wheat, barley, triticale, potatoes, pork, grapes, beef, rye, rapeseed (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "iron blocks, gas turbines, plastic products, rubber tires, plastics (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "iron blocks, gas turbines, plastic products, rubber tires, plastics (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "cars, refined petroleum, electricity, plastic products, gas turbines (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "cars, refined petroleum, electricity, plastic products, gas turbines (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 99% (2024 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 99% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.99, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 250,000 (2022 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 38 (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 250,000 (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 250000.0, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 10.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 37.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 55.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: -35.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) note: Luxembourg has negative net hydroelectric power generation based on losses from use of pumped storage hydropower | biomass and waste: 32.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 10.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "224.651 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "224.651 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "3 (2025)", "display": "3 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 271 km (2020) 262 km electrified", "display": "total: 271 km (2020) 262 km electrified", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 147 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 3, container ship 1, general cargo 24, oil tanker 4, other 115", "display": "total: 147 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "air and water pollution in urban areas; soil pollution of farmland", "display": "air and water pollution in urban areas; soil pollution of farmland", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "8.715 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 75,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 7.496 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 1.144 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "8.715 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "3.5 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "3.5 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 43.53 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 1.83 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 490,000 cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 43.53 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification", "display": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/luxembourg.json" }, { "entity_id": "macau", "name": "Macau", "source_code": "MO", "source_entity_class": "dependency-or-territory", "source_region": "Southeast Asia", "roadmap_country": null, "coverage_region": null, "roadmap_status": "additional", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 115, "published_fact_count": 45, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 644426.0, "area_sq_km": 28.0, "capital": null, "government_type": "executive-led limited democracy; a special administrative region of the People's Republic of China", "life_expectancy_years": 85.3, "urban_population_percent": 100.0, "internet_users_percent": 89.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 112800.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Portuguese ships began arriving in 1513. In the 1550s, Portuguese paying tribute to China settled in Macau, which became the official entrepôt for all international trade with China and Japan and the first European settlement in the Far East. The first governor was appointed in the 17th century, but the Portuguese remained largely under the control of the Chinese. In the 1930s and ’40s Macau was declared a neutral territory during the Sino-Japanese War and World War II and became a refuge for both Chinese and Europeans. Portugal officially made Macau an overseas province in 1951. | In April 1987, Portugal and China reached an agreement to return Macau to Chinese rule in 1999, using the Hong Kong Joint Declaration between China and the UK as a model. In this agreement, China promised that, under its \"one country, two systems\" formula, China's political and economic system would not be imposed on Macau, and that Macau would enjoy a \"high degree of autonomy\" in all matters except foreign affairs and defense for the next 50 years. However, after China's multi-year crackdown against the pro-democracy movement in nearby Hong Kong, the governments of China and the Macau Special Administrative Region worked to limit Macau's political autonomy by suppressing opposition activity in the 2021 legislative elections.", "display": "Portuguese ships began arriving in 1513. In the 1550s, Portuguese paying tribute to China settled in Macau, which became the official entrepôt for all international trade with Chi…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1951 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China", "display": "Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southeast Asia", "display": "Southeast Asia", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 28 sq km | land: 28.2 sq km | water: 0 sq km", "display": "total : 28 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 28.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "41 km", "display": "41 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "generally flat", "display": "generally flat", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "subtropical; marine with cool winters, warm summers", "display": "subtropical; marine with cool winters, warm summers", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Alto Coloane 172 m | lowest point: South China Sea 0 m", "display": "highest point: Alto Coloane 172 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "typhoons", "display": "typhoons", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "NEGL", "display": "NEGL", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "population fairly equally distributed", "display": "population fairly equally distributed", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 644,426 (2024 est.) | male: 304,988 | female: 339,438", "display": "total: 644,426 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 644426.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.64% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.64% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0064, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 100% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 1.46% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 100% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Cantonese 81%, Mandarin 4.7%, other Chinese dialects 5.4%, English 3.6%, Tagalog 2.9%, Portuguese 0.6%, other 1.8% (2021 est.) | major-language sample(s): | 世界概况, 必須擁有的基本資料参考书 (Cantonese) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. | note: Chinese and Portuguese are official languages; Macanese or Patua, a Portuguese-based Creole, is also spoken", "display": "Cantonese 81%, Mandarin 4.7%, other Chinese dialects 5.4%, English 3.6%, Tagalog 2.9%, Portuguese 0.6%, other 1.8% (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "folk religion 58.9%, Buddhist 17.3%, Christian 7.2%, other 1.2%, none 15.4% (2020 est.)", "display": "folk religion 58.9%, Buddhist 17.3%, Christian 7.2%, other 1.2%, none 15.4% (2020 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 85.3 years (2024 est.) | male: 82.5 years | female: 88.3 years", "display": "total population: 85.3 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 85.3, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 43 years (2025 est.) | male: 41.5 years | female: 43.1 years", "display": "total: 43 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "682,000 Macau (2023)", "display": "682,000 Macau (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 18 years | male: 17 years | female: 19 years (2021)", "display": "total: 18 years", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Macau Special Administrative Region | conventional short form: Macau | official long form: Aomen Tebie Xingzhengqu (Chinese)/ Regiao Administrativa Especial de Macau (Portuguese) | official short form: Aomen (Chinese)/ Macau (Portuguese) | etymology: name derived from the Chinese ama-gao , or “Bay of Ama,” for Ama, the patron goddess of sailors", "display": "conventional long form: Macau Special Administrative Region", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "executive-led limited democracy; a special administrative region of the People's Republic of China", "display": "executive-led limited democracy; a special administrative region of the People's Republic of China", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law system based on the Portuguese model", "display": "civil law system based on the Portuguese model", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: previous 1976 (Organic Statute of Macau, under Portuguese authority); latest adopted 31 March 1993, effective 20 December 1999 (Basic Law of the Macau Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China serves as Macau's constitution) | amendment process: proposed by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress (NPC), the People’s Republic of China State Council, and the Macau Special Administrative Region; submittal of proposals to the NPC requires two-thirds majority vote by the Legislative Assembly of Macau, approval by two thirds of Macau's deputies to the NPC, and consent of the Macau chief executive; final passage requires approval by the NPC", "display": "history: previous 1976 (Organic Statute of Macau, under Portuguese authority); latest adopted 31 March 1993, effective 20 December 1999 (Basic Law of the Macau Special Administrat…", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1976 }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ICC (national committees), IHO, IMF, IMO (associate), Interpol (subbureau), ISO (correspondent), UNESCO (associate), UNWTO (associate), UPU, WCO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ICC (national committees), IHO, IMF, IMO (associate), Interpol (subbureau), ISO (correspondent), UNESCO (associate), UNWTO (associate), UPU, WCO, WMO, WTO", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "high-income, Chinese special administrative region economy; known for apparel exports and gambling tourism; currency pegged to Hong Kong dollar; significant recession due to 2015 Chinese anticorruption campaign; COVID-19 further halved economic activity", "display": "high-income, Chinese special administrative region economy; known for apparel exports and gambling tourism; currency pegged to Hong Kong dollar; significant recession due to 2015…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2015 }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$77.524 billion (2024 est.) | $71.248 billion (2023 est.) | $40.699 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$77.524 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 77.524, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$112,800 (2024 est.) | $105,000 (2023 est.) | $60,100 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$112,800 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 112800.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "8.8% (2024 est.) | 75.1% (2023 est.) | -19.6% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "8.8% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "0.5% (2023 est.) | 1% (2022 est.) | 0% (2021 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "0.5% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.005, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.5% (2024 est.) | 2.3% (2023 est.) | 2.5% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "2.5% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.025, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "tourism, gambling, clothing, textiles, electronics, footwear, toys", "display": "tourism, gambling, clothing, textiles, electronics, footwear, toys", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "pork, chicken, beef, eggs, pork offal, pork fat, pepper, beef offal, cattle hides, goose meat (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "pork, chicken, beef, eggs, pork offal, pork fat, pepper, beef offal, cattle hides, goose meat (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "jewelry, garments, broadcasting equipment, precious metal watches, video and card games (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "jewelry, garments, broadcasting equipment, precious metal watches, video and card games (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "jewelry, garments, trunks and cases, broadcasting equipment, electricity (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "jewelry, garments, trunks and cases, broadcasting equipment, electricity (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 89% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 89% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.89, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 212,000 (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 30 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 212,000 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 212000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 58.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 41.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 58.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "64.641 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "64.641 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "1 (2025)", "display": "1 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 1 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 1 | small: 0 | very small: 0 | ports with oil terminals: 1 | key ports: Macau", "display": "total ports: 1 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 5 (2023) | by type: other 5", "display": "total: 5 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "air pollution; coastal water pollution; solid-waste disposal; noise pollution", "display": "air pollution; coastal water pollution; solid-waste disposal; noise pollution", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "1.595 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: -1,239 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 1.358 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 238,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "1.595 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/macau.json" }, { "entity_id": "madagascar", "name": "Madagascar", "source_code": "MG", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Africa", "roadmap_country": "Madagascar", "coverage_region": "Africa", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 140, "published_fact_count": 52, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 31345040.0, "area_sq_km": 587041.0, "capital": "Antananarivo", "government_type": "semi-presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 68.8, "urban_population_percent": 40.6, "internet_users_percent": 20.0, "electricity_access_percent": 36.1, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 1700.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Madagascar was one of the last major habitable landmasses on earth to be settled by humans. While there is some evidence of human presence on the island in the millennia B.C., large-scale settlement began between A.D. 350 and 550 with settlers from present-day Indonesia. The island attracted Arab and Persian traders as early as the 7th century, and migrants from Africa arrived around A.D. 1000. Madagascar was a pirate stronghold during the late 17th and early 18th centuries and served as a slave trading center into the 19th century. From the 16th to the late 19th century, a native Merina Kingdom dominated much of Madagascar. The French conquered the island in 1896 and made it a colony; independence was regained in 1960. | Free presidential and National Assembly elections were held in 1992-93, ending 17 years of single-party rule. In 1997, in the second presidential race, Didier RATSIRAKA, the leader during the 1970s and 1980s, returned to the presidency. The 2001 presidential election was contested between the followers of RATSIRAKA and Marc RAVALOMANANA, nearly causing half the country to secede. In 2002, the High Constitutional Court announced RAVALOMANANA the winner. He won a second term in 2006 but, following protests in 2009, handed over power to the military, which then conferred the presidency on the mayor of Antananarivo, Andry RAJOELINA, in what amounted to a coup d'etat. After a lengthy mediation process, Madagascar held UN-supported presidential and parliamentary elections in 2013. Former de facto finance minister Hery RAJAONARIMAMPIANINA won in a runoff and was inaugurated in 2014. In 2019, RAJOELINA was declared the winner against RAVALOMANANA. In 2023, RAJOELINA won another term in an election that most of the opposition boycotted, including RAJAONARIMAMPIANINA and RAVALOMANANA, who claimed it was rigged in favor of RAJOELINA. International observers, however, saw no evidence of systemic fraud, leading the international community to accept the election results.", "display": "Madagascar was one of the last major habitable landmasses on earth to be settled by humans. While there is some evidence of human presence on the island in the millennia B.C., lar…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1960 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Mozambique", "display": "Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Mozambique", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Africa", "display": "Africa", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 587,041 sq km | land: 581,540 sq km | water: 5,501 sq km", "display": "total : 587,041 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 587041.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "4,828 km", "display": "4,828 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "narrow coastal plain, high plateau and mountains in center", "display": "narrow coastal plain, high plateau and mountains in center", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical along coast, temperate inland, arid in south", "display": "tropical along coast, temperate inland, arid in south", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Maromokotro 2,876 m | lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m | mean elevation: 615 m", "display": "highest point: Maromokotro 2,876 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "periodic cyclones; drought; and locust infestation | volcanism: Madagascar's volcanoes have not erupted in recorded history", "display": "periodic cyclones; drought; and locust infestation", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "graphite, chromite, coal, bauxite, rare earth elements, salt, quartz, tar sands, semiprecious stones, mica, fish, hydropower", "display": "graphite, chromite, coal, bauxite, rare earth elements, salt, quartz, tar sands, semiprecious stones, mica, fish, hydropower", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "most of population lives on the eastern half of the island; significant clustering is found in the central highlands and eastern coastline, as shown in this population distribution map", "display": "most of population lives on the eastern half of the island; significant clustering is found in the central highlands and eastern coastline, as shown in this population distributio…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 31,345,040 (2025 est.) | male: 15,647,362 | female: 15,697,678", "display": "total: 31,345,040 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 31345040.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "2.15% (2025 est.)", "display": "2.15% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0215, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 40.6% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 4.26% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 40.6% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Malagasy (official) 99.9%, French (official) 23.6%, English 8.2%, other 0.6% (2018 est.) | note: shares sum to more than 100% because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census", "display": "Malagasy (official) 99.9%, French (official) 23.6%, English 8.2%, other 0.6% (2018 est.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Church of Jesus Christ in Madagascar/Malagasy Lutheran Church/Anglican Church 34%, Roman Catholic 32.3%, other Christian 8.1%, traditional/Animist 1.7%, Muslim 1.4%, other 0.6%, none 21.9% (2021 est.)", "display": "Church of Jesus Christ in Madagascar/Malagasy Lutheran Church/Anglican Church 34%, Roman Catholic 32.3%, other Christian 8.1%, traditional/Animist 1.7%, Muslim 1.4%, other 0.6%, n…", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 68.8 years (2024 est.) | male: 67.3 years | female: 70.3 years", "display": "total population: 68.8 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 68.8, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 20.5 years (2025 est.) | male: 21.1 years | female: 21.5 years", "display": "total: 20.5 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "3.872 million ANTANANARIVO (capital) (2023)", "display": "3.872 million ANTANANARIVO (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 74.7% (2021 est.) | male: 77.9% (2021 est.) | female: 71.8% (2021 est.)", "display": "total population: 74.7% (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 9 years (2019 est.) | male: 9 years (2019 est.) | female: 9 years (2019 est.)", "display": "total: 9 years (2019 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2019 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Madagascar | conventional short form: Madagascar | local long form: République de Madagascar/Repoblikan'i Madagasikara | local short form: Madagascar/Madagasikara | former: Malagasy Republic | etymology: a variant of the name was first used by 13th-century Venetian explorer Marco POLO when he confused the island with the Somali port of Mogadishu; the 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republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law system based on the old French civil code and customary law in matters of marriage, family, and obligation", "display": "civil law system based on the old French civil code and customary law in matters of marriage, family, and obligation", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: previous 1992; latest passed by referendum 17 November 2010, promulgated 11 December 2010 | amendment process: proposed by the president of the republic in consultation with the cabinet or supported by a least two thirds of both the Senate and National Assembly membership; passage requires at least three-fourths approval of both the Senate and National Assembly and approval in a referendum; constitutional articles, including the form and powers of government, the sovereignty of the state, and the autonomy of Madagascar’s collectivities, cannot be amended", "display": "history: previous 1992; latest passed by referendum 17 November 2010, promulgated 11 December 2010", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1992 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "6 provinces ( faritany ); Antananarivo, Antsiranana, Fianarantsoa, Mahajanga, Toamasina, Toliara", "display": "6 provinces ( faritany ); Antananarivo, Antsiranana, Fianarantsoa, Mahajanga, Toamasina, Toliara", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACP, AfDB, AU, CD, COMESA, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, PCA, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ACP, AfDB, AU, CD, COMESA, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "low-income East African island economy; natural resource rich; extreme poverty; return of political stability has helped growth; sharp tax revenue drop due to COVID-19; leading vanilla producer; environmentally fragile", "display": "low-income East African island economy; natural resource rich; extreme poverty; return of political stability has helped growth; sharp tax revenue drop due to COVID-19; leading va…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$52.968 billion (2024 est.) | $50.833 billion (2023 est.) | $48.782 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$52.968 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 52.968, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$1,700 (2024 est.) | $1,600 (2023 est.) | $1,600 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$1,700 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 1700.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "4.2% (2024 est.) | 4.2% (2023 est.) | 4.2% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "4.2% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "9.9% (2023 est.) | 8.2% (2022 est.) | 5.8% (2021 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "9.9% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.099, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3.1% (2024 est.) | 3.1% (2023 est.) | 3.2% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "3.1% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.031, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "meat processing, seafood, soap, beer, leather, sugar, textiles, glassware, cement, automobile assembly plant, paper, petroleum, tourism, mining", "display": "meat processing, seafood, soap, beer, leather, sugar, textiles, glassware, cement, automobile assembly plant, paper, petroleum, tourism, mining", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "rice, sugarcane, cassava, sweet potatoes, milk, bananas, vegetables, mangoes/guavas, maize, potatoes (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "rice, sugarcane, cassava, sweet potatoes, milk, bananas, vegetables, mangoes/guavas, maize, potatoes (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "garments, nickel, vanilla, cloves, gold (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "garments, nickel, vanilla, cloves, gold (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, rice, fabric, cotton fabric, wheat (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, rice, fabric, cotton fabric, wheat (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 20% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 20% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.2, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 34,000 (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2023 est.) less than 1", "display": "total: 34,000 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 34000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 36.1% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 71.6% | electrification - rural areas: 10.9%", "display": "electrification - total population: 36.1% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 64.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 3.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 31.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 0.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 64.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "1.816 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "1.816 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "93 (2025)", "display": "93 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 13 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 2 | very small: 11 | ports with oil terminals: 5 | key ports: Andoany, Antsiranana, Antsohim Bondrona, Iharana, Mahajanga, Maintirano, Manakara, Mananjary, Maroantsetra, Morondava, Toamasina, Tolanaro, Toliara", "display": "total ports: 13 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 836 km (2018) | narrow gauge: 836 km (2018) 1.000-m gauge", "display": "total: 836 km (2018)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 29 (2023) | by type: general cargo 16, oil tanker 2, other 11", "display": "total: 29 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "erosion and soil degradation from deforestation and overgrazing; desertification; agricultural fires; water pollution from raw sewage and other organic wastes; wildlife preservation", "display": "erosion and soil degradation from deforestation and overgrazing; desertification; agricultural fires; water pollution from raw sewage and other organic wastes; wildlife preservati…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "3.936 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 1.057 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 2.879 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "3.936 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "337 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "337 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 395 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 161.9 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 13 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 395 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardo…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/madagascar.json" }, { "entity_id": "malawi", "name": "Malawi", "source_code": "MW", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Africa", "roadmap_country": "Malawi", "coverage_region": "Africa", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 142, "published_fact_count": 50, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 21763309.0, "area_sq_km": 118484.0, "capital": "Lilongwe", "government_type": "presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 73.0, "urban_population_percent": 18.3, "internet_users_percent": 18.0, "electricity_access_percent": 14.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 1600.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": true }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Malawi shares its name with the Chewa word for flames and is linked to the Maravi people from whom the Chewa language originated. The Maravi settled in what is now Malawi around 1400, during one of the later waves of Bantu migration across central and southern Africa. A powerful Maravi kingdom established around 1500 reached its zenith around 1700, when it controlled what is now southern and central Malawi and portions of neighboring Mozambique and Zambia. The kingdom eventually declined because of destabilization from the escalating global trade in enslaved people. In the early 1800s, widespread conflict in southern Africa displaced various ethnic Ngoni groups, some of which moved into Malawi and further undermined the Maravi. Members of the Yao ethnic group -- which had long traded with Malawi from Mozambique -- introduced Islam and began to settle in Malawi in significant numbers in the mid-1800s, followed by members of the Lomwe ethnic group. British missionary and trading activity increased in the area around Lake Nyasa in the mid-1800s, and in 1891, Britain declared a protectorate called British Central Africa over what is now Malawi. The British renamed the territory Nyasaland in 1907, and it was part of the colonial Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland -- including present-day Zambia and Zimbabwe -- from 1953 to 1963 before gaining independence as Malawi in 1964. | Hastings Kamuzu BANDA served as prime minister at independence and then as president when the country became a republic in 1966. He later instituted one-party rule under his Malawi Congress Party (MCP) and was declared president for life. After three decades of one-party rule, the country held multiparty presidential and parliamentary elections in 1994 under a provisional constitution that came into full effect the following year. Bakili MULUZI of the United Democratic Front party became the first freely elected president of Malawi when he defeated BANDA at the polls in 1994; he won reelection in 1999. President Bingu wa MUTHARIKA was elected in 2004 and reelected to a second term in 2009. He died abruptly in 2012 and was succeeded by Vice President Joyce BANDA. MUTHARIKA's brother, Peter MUTHARIKA, defeated BANDA in the election in 2014. Peter MUTHARIKA was reelected in a disputed election in 2019 that resulted in countrywide protests. The courts ordered a new election, and in 2020, Lazarus CHAKWERA of the MCP was elected president. Population growth, increasing pressure on agricultural lands, corruption, and HIV/AIDS pose major problems for Malawi.", "display": "Malawi shares its name with the Chewa word for flames and is linked to the Maravi people from whom the Chewa language originated. The Maravi settled in what is now Malawi around 1…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1907 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southern Africa, east of Zambia, west and north of Mozambique", "display": "Southern Africa, east of Zambia, west and north of Mozambique", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Africa", "display": "Africa", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 118,484 sq km | land: 94,080 sq km | water: 24,404 sq km", "display": "total : 118,484 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 118484.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "0 km (landlocked)", "display": "0 km (landlocked)", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "narrow elongated plateau with rolling plains, rounded hills, some mountains", "display": "narrow elongated plateau with rolling plains, rounded hills, some mountains", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "sub-tropical; rainy season (November to May); dry season (May to November)", "display": "sub-tropical; rainy season (November to May); dry season (May to November)", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Sapitwa (Mount Mlanje) 3,002 m | lowest point: junction of the Shire River and international boundary with Mozambique 37 m | mean elevation: 779 m", "display": "highest point: Sapitwa (Mount Mlanje) 3,002 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "flooding; droughts; earthquakes", "display": "flooding; droughts; earthquakes", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "limestone, arable land, hydropower, unexploited deposits of uranium, coal, and bauxite", "display": "limestone, arable land, hydropower, unexploited deposits of uranium, coal, and bauxite", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "population density is highest south of Lake Nyasa, as shown in this population distribution map", "display": "population density is highest south of Lake Nyasa, as shown in this population distribution map", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 21,763,309 (2024 est.) | male: 10,674,594 | female: 11,088,715", "display": "total: 21,763,309 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 21763309.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "2.16% (2025 est.)", "display": "2.16% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0216, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 18.3% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 4.41% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 18.3% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "English (official), Chewa (dominant), Lambya, Lomwe, Ngoni, Nkhonde, Nyakyusa, Nyanja, Sena, Tonga, Tumbuka, Yao | note : Chewa and Nyanja are mutually intelligible dialects; Nkhonde and Nyakyusa are mutually intelligible dialects", "display": "English (official), Chewa (dominant), Lambya, Lomwe, Ngoni, Nkhonde, Nyakyusa, Nyanja, Sena, Tonga, Tumbuka, Yao", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Protestant 33.5% (includes Church of Central Africa Presbyterian 14.2%, Seventh Day Adventist/Baptist 9.4%, Pentecostal 7.6%, Anglican 2.3%), Roman Catholic 17.2%, other Christian 26.6%, Muslim 13.8%, traditionalist 1.1%, other 5.6%, none 2.1% (2018 est.)", "display": "Protestant 33.5% (includes Church of Central Africa Presbyterian 14.2%, Seventh Day Adventist/Baptist 9.4%, Pentecostal 7.6%, Anglican 2.3%), Roman Catholic 17.2%, other Christian…", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 73 years (2024 est.) | male: 69.9 years | female: 76.1 years", "display": "total population: 73 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 73.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 19.4 years (2025 est.) | male: 20 years | female: 20.6 years", "display": "total: 19.4 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.276 million LILONGWE (capital), 1.031 million Blantyre-Limbe (2023)", "display": "1.276 million LILONGWE (capital), 1.031 million Blantyre-Limbe (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 70.2% (2020 est.) | male: 78.6% (2020 est.) | female: 62.7% (2020 est.)", "display": "total population: 70.2% (2020 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 10 years (2021 est.) | male: 10 years (2021 est.) | female: 10 years (2021 est.)", "display": "total: 10 years (2021 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Malawi | conventional short form: Malawi | local long form: Dziko la Malawi | local short form: Malawi | former: British Central African Protectorate, Nyasaland Protectorate, Nyasaland | etymology: named for the Maravi people who inhabited the area since the 14th century; the word maravi means \"flames\"", "display": "conventional long form: Republic of Malawi", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Lilongwe | geographic coordinates: 13 58 S, 33 47 E | time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: named after the Lilongwe River that flows through the city; the origin of the river's name is unclear", "display": "name: Lilongwe", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "presidential republic", "display": "presidential republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "mixed system of English common law and customary law; Supreme Court of Appeal reviews legislative acts", "display": "mixed system of 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18 May 1995", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1953 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "28 districts; Balaka, Blantyre, Chikwawa, Chiradzulu, Chitipa, Dedza, Dowa, Karonga, Kasungu, Likoma, Lilongwe, Machinga, Mangochi, Mchinji, Mulanje, Mwanza, Mzimba, Neno, Ntcheu, Nkhata Bay, Nkhotakota, Nsanje, Ntchisi, Phalombe, Rumphi, Salima, Thyolo, Zomba", "display": "28 districts; Balaka, Blantyre, Chikwawa, Chiradzulu, Chitipa, Dedza, Dowa, Karonga, Kasungu, Likoma, Lilongwe, Machinga, Mangochi, Mchinji, Mulanje, Mwanza, Mzimba, Neno, Ntcheu,…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MONUSCO, NAM, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs),…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "low-income East African economy; primarily agrarian; investing in human capital; urban poverty increasing due to COVID-19; high public debt; endemic corruption and poor property rights; poor hydroelectric grid; localized pharmaceutical industry", "display": "low-income East African economy; primarily agrarian; investing in human capital; urban poverty increasing due to COVID-19; high public debt; endemic corruption and poor property r…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$35.425 billion (2024 est.) | $34.789 billion (2023 est.) | $34.143 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$35.425 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 35.425, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$1,600 (2024 est.) | $1,600 (2023 est.) | $1,700 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$1,600 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 1600.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "1.8% (2024 est.) | 1.9% (2023 est.) | 0.9% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "1.8% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "32.2% (2024 est.) | 28.8% (2023 est.) | 21% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "32.2% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.322, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "5.1% (2024 est.) | 5.1% (2023 est.) | 5.1% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "5.1% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.051, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "tobacco, tea, sugar, sawmill products, cement, consumer goods", "display": "tobacco, tea, sugar, sawmill products, cement, consumer goods", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "sweet potatoes, cassava, maize, sugarcane, mangoes/guavas, potatoes, tomatoes, pigeon peas, pumpkins/squash, plantains (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "sweet potatoes, cassava, maize, sugarcane, mangoes/guavas, potatoes, tomatoes, pigeon peas, pumpkins/squash, plantains (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "tobacco, tea, dried legumes, soybean meal, raw sugar (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "tobacco, tea, dried legumes, soybean meal, raw sugar (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, fertilizers, plastics, garments, postage stamps/documents (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, fertilizers, plastics, garments, postage stamps/documents (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 18% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 18% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.18, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 17,000 (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2023 est.) less than 1", "display": "total: 17,000 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 17000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 14% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 54% | electrification - rural areas: 5.6%", "display": "electrification - total population: 14% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 4.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 0.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 92.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 4.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "1.792 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "1.792 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "27 (2025)", "display": "27 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 767 km (2014) | narrow gauge: 767 km (2014) 1.067-m gauge", "display": "total: 767 km (2014)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2014 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "deforestation; land degradation; water pollution from agricultural runoff, sewage, industrial wastes; siltation of fish spawning grounds; high temperatures and changing precipitation patterns", "display": "deforestation; land degradation; water pollution from agricultural runoff, sewage, industrial wastes; siltation of fish spawning grounds; high temperatures and changing precipitat…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "2.265 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 65,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 2.2 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "2.265 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "17.28 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "17.28 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 143.1 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 47.7 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 1.166 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 143.1 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environ…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/malawi.json" }, { "entity_id": "malaysia", "name": "Malaysia", "source_code": "MY", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Southeast Asia", "roadmap_country": "Malaysia", "coverage_region": "Asia", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 151, "published_fact_count": 52, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 34905275.0, "area_sq_km": 329847.0, "capital": "Kuala Lumpur", "government_type": "federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy", "life_expectancy_years": 76.6, "urban_population_percent": 78.7, "internet_users_percent": 98.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 34100.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Malaysia’s location has long made it an important cultural, economic, historical, social, and trade link between the islands of Southeast Asia and the mainland. Through the Strait of Malacca, which separates the Malay Peninsula from the archipelago, flowed maritime trade and with it influences from China, India, the Middle East, and the east coast of Africa. Prior to the 14th century, several powerful maritime empires existed in what is modern-day Malaysia, including the Srivijayan, which controlled much of the southern part of the peninsula between the 7th and 13th centuries, and the Majapahit Empire, which took control over most of the peninsula and the Malay Archipelago between the 13th and 14th centuries. The adoption of Islam between the 13th and 17th centuries also saw the rise of a number of powerful maritime states and sultanates on the Malay Peninsula and the island of Borneo, such as the port city of Malacca (Melaka), which at its height in the 15th century had a navy and hosted thousands of Chinese, Arab, Persian, and Indian merchants. | The Portuguese in the 16th century and the Dutch in the 17th century were the first European colonial powers to establish themselves on the Malay Peninsula and in Southeast Asia. However, it was the British who ultimately secured hegemony across the territory and during the late 18th and 19th centuries established colonies and protectorates in the area that is now Malaysia. Japan occupied these holdings from 1942 to 1945. In 1948, the British-ruled territories on the Malay Peninsula (except Singapore) formed the Federation of Malaya, which became independent in 1957. Malaysia was formed in 1963 when the former British colonies of Singapore, as well as Sabah and Sarawak on the northern coast of Borneo, joined the Federation. | A communist insurgency, confrontations with Indonesia, Philippine claims to Sabah, and Singapore's expulsion in 1965 marred the first several years of the country's independence. During the 22-year term of Prime Minister MAHATHIR Mohamad (1981-2003), Malaysia was successful in diversifying its economy from dependence on exports of raw materials to the development of manufacturing, services, and tourism. Former Prime Minister MAHATHIR and a newly formed coalition of opposition parties defeated Prime Minister Mohamed NAJIB bin Abdul Razak's United Malays National Organization (UMNO) in 2018, ending over 60 years of uninterrupted UMNO rule. From 2018-2022, Malaysia underwent considerable political upheaval, with a succession of coalition governments holding power. Following legislative elections in 2022, ANWAR Ibrahim was appointed prime minister after more than 20 years in opposition. His political coalition, Pakatan Harapan (PH), joined its longtime UNMO rival to form a government, but the two groups have remained deeply divided on many issues.", "display": "Malaysia’s location has long made it an important cultural, economic, historical, social, and trade link between the islands of Southeast Asia and the mainland. Through the Strait…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1942 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southeastern Asia, peninsula bordering Thailand and northern one-third of the island of Borneo, bordering Indonesia, Brunei, and the South China Sea, south of Vietnam", "display": "Southeastern Asia, peninsula bordering Thailand and northern one-third of the island of Borneo, bordering Indonesia, Brunei, and the South China Sea, south of Vietnam", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southeast Asia", "display": "Southeast Asia", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 329,847 sq km | land: 328,657 sq km | water: 1,190 sq km", "display": "total : 329,847 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 329847.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "4,675 km (Peninsular Malaysia 2,068 km; East Malaysia 2,607 km)", "display": "4,675 km (Peninsular Malaysia 2,068 km; East Malaysia 2,607 km)", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "coastal plains rising to hills and mountains", "display": "coastal plains rising to hills and mountains", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical; annual southwest (April to October) and northeast (October to February) monsoons", "display": "tropical; annual southwest (April to October) and northeast (October to February) monsoons", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Gunung Kinabalu 4,095 m | lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m | mean elevation: 419 m", "display": "highest point: Gunung Kinabalu 4,095 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "flooding; landslides; forest fires", "display": "flooding; landslides; forest fires", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tin, petroleum, timber, copper, iron ore, natural gas, bauxite", "display": "tin, petroleum, timber, copper, iron ore, natural gas, bauxite", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "a highly uneven distribution, with over 80% of the population residing on the Malay Peninsula", "display": "a highly uneven distribution, with over 80% of the population residing on the Malay Peninsula", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 34,905,275 (2025 est.) | male: 17,833,074 | female: 17,072,201", "display": "total: 34,905,275 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 34905275.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.97% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.97% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0097, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 78.7% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 1.87% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 78.7% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Bahasa Malaysia (official), English, Chinese (Cantonese, Mandarin, Hokkien, Hakka, Hainan, Foochow), Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Panjabi, Thai | major-language sample(s): | Buku Fakta Dunia, sumber yang diperlukan untuk maklumat asas. (Bahasa Malaysia) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. | note: Malaysia has 134 languages (112 indigenous and 22 non-indigenous); in East Malaysia, there are several indigenous languages, and the most widely spoken are Iban and Kadazan", "display": "Bahasa Malaysia (official), English, Chinese (Cantonese, Mandarin, Hokkien, Hakka, Hainan, Foochow), Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Panjabi, Thai", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Muslim (official) 63.5%, Buddhist 18.7%, Christian 9.1%, Hindu 6.1%, other (Confucianism, Taoism, other traditional Chinese religions) 0.9%, none/unspecified 1.8% (2020 est.)", "display": "Muslim (official) 63.5%, Buddhist 18.7%, Christian 9.1%, Hindu 6.1%, other (Confucianism, Taoism, other traditional Chinese religions) 0.9%, none/unspecified 1.8% (2020 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 76.6 years (2024 est.) | male: 75 years | female: 78.4 years", "display": "total population: 76.6 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 76.6, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 32.2 years (2025 est.) | male: 31.7 years | female: 31.9 years", "display": "total: 32.2 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "8.622 million KUALA LUMPUR (capital), 1.086 million Johor Bahru, 857,000 Ipoh (2023)", "display": "8.622 million KUALA LUMPUR (capital), 1.086 million Johor Bahru, 857,000 Ipoh (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 95.8% (2022 est.) | male: 96.8% (2022 est.) | female: 94.7% (2022 est.)", "display": "total population: 95.8% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 12 years (2023 est.) | male: 11 years (2023 est.) | female: 12 years (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 12 years (2023 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: none | conventional short form: Malaysia | local long form: none | local short form: Malaysia | former: British Malaya, Malayan Union, Federation of Malaya | etymology: devised in the early 19th century by British geographers; the suffix - sia was added to the name of the Malay people to form a classical-style name; the name Malay may come from the Tamil word malai , meaning \"mountain\"", "display": "conventional long form: none", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Kuala Lumpur | geographic coordinates: 3 10 N, 101 42 E | time difference: UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: the name means \"muddy river junction,\" referring to the city's location on the confluence of the Kelang and Gombak rivers; it comes from the Malay words kuala (river junction or estuary) and lumpur (mud) | note: nearby Putrajaya is referred to as a federal government administrative center but not as the capital; the legislature meets in Kuala Lumpur", "display": "name: Kuala Lumpur", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy | note: all Peninsular Malaysian states have hereditary rulers (commonly referred to as sultans) except Melaka (Malacca) and Pulau Pinang (Penang); those two states along with Sabah and Sarawak in East Malaysia have governors appointed by government; powers of state governments are limited by the federal constitution; under terms of federation, Sabah and Sarawak retain certain constitutional prerogatives (e.g., right to maintain their own immigration controls)", "display": "federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "mixed system of English common law, Islamic law (sharia), and customary law; the Federal Court can review legislative acts at the request of the supreme head of the federation", "display": "mixed system of English common law, Islamic law (sharia), and customary law; the Federal Court can review legislative acts at the request of the supreme head of the federation", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: previous 1948; latest drafted 21 February 1957, effective 27 August 1957 | amendment process: proposed as a bill by Parliament; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Parliament membership in the bill’s second and third readings; a number of constitutional sections are excluded from amendment or repeal", "display": "history: previous 1948; latest drafted 21 February 1957, effective 27 August 1957", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1948 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "13 states ( negeri-negeri , singular - negeri ); Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Melaka, Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Perak, Perlis, Pulau Pinang, Sabah, Sarawak, Selangor, Terengganu; and 1 federal territory (Wilayah Persekutuan) with 3 components, Kuala Lumpur, Labuan, and Putrajaya", "display": "13 states ( negeri-negeri , singular - negeri ); Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Melaka, Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Perak, Perlis, Pulau Pinang, Sabah, Sarawak, Selangor, Terengganu; and 1…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ADB, APEC, ARF, ASEAN, BIS, C, CICA (observer), CP, D-8, EAS, FAO, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OPCW, PCA, PIF (partner), UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ADB, APEC, ARF, ASEAN, BIS, C, CICA (observer), CP, D-8, EAS, FAO, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, I…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "upper middle-income Southeast Asian economy; implementing key anticorruption policies; major electronics, oil, and chemicals exporter; trade sector employs over 40% of jobs; key economic equity initiative; high labor productivity", "display": "upper middle-income Southeast Asian economy; implementing key anticorruption policies; major electronics, oil, and chemicals exporter; trade sector employs over 40% of jobs; key e…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$1.212 trillion (2024 est.) | $1.153 trillion (2023 est.) | $1.113 trillion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$1.212 trillion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 1212.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$34,100 (2024 est.) | $32,800 (2023 est.) | $32,100 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$34,100 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 34100.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "5.1% (2024 est.) | 3.6% (2023 est.) | 8.9% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "5.1% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "1.8% (2024 est.) | 2.5% (2023 est.) | 3.4% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "1.8% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.018000000000000002, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3.9% (2024 est.) | 3.9% (2023 est.) | 4% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "3.9% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.039, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "Peninsular Malaysia - rubber and oil palm processing and manufacturing, petroleum and natural gas, light manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, medical technology, electronics and semiconductors, timber processing; Sabah - logging, petroleum and natural gas production; Sarawak - agriculture processing, petroleum and natural gas production, logging", "display": "Peninsular Malaysia - rubber and oil palm processing and manufacturing, petroleum and natural gas, light manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, medical technology, electronics and semico…", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "oil palm fruit, rice, chicken, eggs, tropical fruits, coconuts, vegetables, pineapples, rubber, bananas (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "oil palm fruit, rice, chicken, eggs, tropical fruits, coconuts, vegetables, pineapples, rubber, bananas (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "integrated circuits, refined petroleum, crude petroleum, natural gas, palm oil (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "integrated circuits, refined petroleum, crude petroleum, natural gas, palm oil (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "integrated circuits, refined petroleum, crude petroleum, coal, broadcasting equipment (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "integrated circuits, refined petroleum, crude petroleum, coal, broadcasting equipment (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 98% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 98% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.98, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 4.58 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 13 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 4.58 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 4580000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 81.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 1.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 16.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 0.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 81.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "113.163 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "113.163 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "100 (2025)", "display": "100 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 35 (2024) | large: 3 | medium: 4 | small: 10 | very small: 18 | ports with oil terminals: 24 | key ports: Johor, Kota Kinabalu, Port Dickson, Port Klang, Pulau Pinang, Tanjung Pelepas, Tapis Marine Terminal A", "display": "total ports: 35 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 1,851 km (2014) | standard gauge: 59 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge (59 km electrified) | narrow gauge: 1,792 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge (339 km electrified)", "display": "total: 1,851 km (2014)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2014 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 1,750 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 14, container ship 35, general cargo 169, oil tanker 148, other 1,384", "display": "total: 1,750 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "air pollution from industrial and vehicular emissions; water pollution from raw sewage; deforestation; smoke/haze from Indonesian forest fires; endangered species; coastal reclamation damaging mangroves and turtle nesting sites", "display": "air pollution from industrial and vehicular emissions; water pollution from raw sewage; deforestation; smoke/haze from Indonesian forest fires; endangered species; coastal reclama…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "260.005 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 76.78 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 90.273 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 92.951 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "260.005 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "580 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "580 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 1.342 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 1.641 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 2.505 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 1.342 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/malaysia.json" }, { "entity_id": "maldives", "name": "Maldives", "source_code": "MV", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Asia", "roadmap_country": "Maldives", "coverage_region": "Asia", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 142, "published_fact_count": 51, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 388858.0, "area_sq_km": 298.0, "capital": "Malé", "government_type": "presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 77.4, "urban_population_percent": 42.0, "internet_users_percent": 85.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 23400.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "A sultanate since the 12th century, the Maldives became a British protectorate in 1887 and a republic in 1968, three years after independence. President Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM dominated Maldives' political scene for 30 years, elected to six successive terms by single-party referendums. After political demonstrations in the capital Male in 2003, GAYOOM and his government pledged to embark upon a process of liberalization and democratic reforms, including a more representative political system and expanded political freedoms. Political parties were legalized in 2005. | In 2008, a constituent assembly -- termed the \"Special Majlis\" -- finalized a new constitution ratified by GAYOOM. The first-ever presidential elections under a multi-candidate, multi-party system were held later that year. GAYOOM was defeated in a runoff by Mohamed NASHEED, a political activist whom the regime had jailed several years earlier. In 2012, after several weeks of street protests in response to a top judge's arrest, NASHEED resigned the presidency and handed over power to Vice President Mohammed WAHEED Hassan Maniku. A government-appointed Commission of National Inquiry concluded that there was no evidence of a coup, but NASHEED contended that police and military personnel forced him to resign. NASHEED, WAHEED, and Abdulla YAMEEN Abdul Gayoom ran in the 2013 elections with YAMEEN ultimately winning the presidency after three rounds of voting. In 2018, YAMEEN lost his reelection bid to parliamentarian Ibrahim Mohamed SOLIH. YAMEEN was arrested and jailed in 2022 on corruption charges. Maldives' fourth democratic election was held in September 2023. The winner, Male City Mayor Dr. Mohamed MUIZZU, campaigned on a platform of Maldivian sovereignty, vowing to remove Indian military personnel from the country. MUIZZU represents a joint Progressive Pary of Maldives and People's National Congress (PPM/PNC) coalition.", "display": "A sultanate since the 12th century, the Maldives became a British protectorate in 1887 and a republic in 1968, three years after independence. President Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM domin…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1968 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southern Asia, group of atolls in the Indian Ocean, south-southwest of India", "display": "Southern Asia, group of atolls in the Indian Ocean, south-southwest of India", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Asia", "display": "Asia", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 298 sq km | land: 298 sq km | water: 0 sq km", "display": "total : 298 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 298.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "644 km", "display": "644 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "flat coral atolls, with white sandy beaches; sits atop the submarine volcanic Chagos-Laccadive Ridge", "display": "flat coral atolls, with white sandy beaches; sits atop the submarine volcanic Chagos-Laccadive Ridge", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical; hot, humid; dry, northeast monsoon (November to March); rainy, southwest monsoon (June to August)", "display": "tropical; hot, humid; dry, northeast monsoon (November to March); rainy, southwest monsoon (June to August)", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: 8th tee, golf course, Villingi Island 5 m | lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m | mean elevation: 2 m", "display": "highest point: 8th tee, golf course, Villingi Island 5 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tsunamis; low elevation of islands makes them sensitive to sea level rise", "display": "tsunamis; low elevation of islands makes them sensitive to sea level rise", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "fish", "display": "fish", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "about a third of the population lives in the centrally located capital city of Male and almost a tenth in southern Addu City; the remainder of the populace is spread over the 200 or so populated islands of the archipelago", "display": "about a third of the population lives in the centrally located capital city of Male and almost a tenth in southern Addu City; the remainder of the populace is spread over the 200…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 388,858 (2024 est.) | male: 197,739 | female: 191,119", "display": "total: 388,858 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 388858.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "-0.24% (2025 est.)", "display": "-0.24% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": -0.0024, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 42% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 2.34% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 42% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Dhivehi (official, closely related to Sinhala, script derived from Arabic), English (spoken by most government officials)", "display": "Dhivehi (official, closely related to Sinhala, script derived from Arabic), English (spoken by most government officials)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Sunni Muslim (official)", "display": "Sunni Muslim (official)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 77.4 years (2024 est.) | male: 75.1 years | female: 79.9 years", "display": "total population: 77.4 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 77.4, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 32.4 years (2025 est.) | male: 31.3 years | female: 32.4 years", "display": "total: 32.4 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "177,000 MALE (capital) (2018)", "display": "177,000 MALE (capital) (2018)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 98.2% (2019 est.) | male: 98.2% (2019 est.) | female: 98.3% (2019 est.)", "display": "total population: 98.2% (2019 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2019 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 13 years (2022 est.) | male: 11 years (2022 est.) | female: 15 years (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 13 years (2022 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Maldives | conventional short form: Maldives | local long form: Dhivehi Raajjeyge Jumhooriyyaa | local short form: Dhivehi Raajje | etymology: the origin of the name is obscure but may derive from the Sanskrit word maladvipa , meaning \"garland of islands;\" the local name, Dhivehi Raajje, means \"land of the Dhivehi people\" in the local language", "display": "conventional long form: Republic of Maldives", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Malé | geographic coordinates: 4 10 N, 73 30 E | time difference: UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: the name may come from the Sanskrit word mala , or \"garland\"", "display": "name: Malé", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "presidential republic", "display": "presidential republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "Islamic (sharia) legal system with English common law influences, primarily in commercial matters", "display": "Islamic (sharia) legal system with English common law influences, primarily in commercial matters", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: many previous; latest ratified 7 August 2008 | amendment process: proposed by Parliament; passage requires at least three-quarters majority vote by its membership and the signature of the president of the republic; passage of amendments to constitutional articles on rights and freedoms and the terms of office of Parliament and of the president also requires a majority vote in a referendum", "display": "history: many previous; latest ratified 7 August 2008", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2008 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "21 administrative atolls ( atholhuthah , singular - atholhu ); Addu (Addu City), Ariatholhu Dhekunuburi (South Ari Atoll), Ariatholhu Uthuruburi (North Ari Atoll), Faadhippolhu, Felidhuatholhu (Felidhu Atoll), Fuvammulah, Hahdhunmathi, Huvadhuatholhu Dhekunuburi (South Huvadhu Atoll), Huvadhuatholhu Uthuruburi (North Huvadhu Atoll), Kolhumadulu, Maale (Male), Maaleatholhu (Male Atoll), Maalhosmadulu Dhekunuburi (South Maalhosmadulu), Maalhosmadulu Uthuruburi (North Maalhosmadulu), Miladhunmadulu Dhekunuburi (South Miladhunmadulu), Miladhunmadulu Uthuruburi (North Miladhunmadulu), Mulakatholhu (Mulaku Atoll), Nilandheatholhu Dhekunuburi (South Nilandhe Atoll), Nilandheatholhu Uthuruburi (North Nilandhe Atoll), Thiladhunmathee Dhekunuburi (South Thiladhunmathi), Thiladhunmathee Uthuruburi (North Thiladhunmathi)", "display": "21 administrative atolls ( atholhuthah , singular - atholhu ); Addu (Addu City), Ariatholhu Dhekunuburi (South Ari Atoll), Ariatholhu Uthuruburi (North Ari Atoll), Faadhippolhu, F…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ADB, AOSIS, C, CP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, SAARC, SACEP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ADB, AOSIS, C, CP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, SAARC, SACEP, UN, UNCTAD…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "upper middle-income Indian Ocean island economy; major tourism, fishing, and shipping industries; high public debt; systemic corruption; crippled by COVID-19; ongoing deflation; poverty has tripled since pandemic began", "display": "upper middle-income Indian Ocean island economy; major tourism, fishing, and shipping industries; high public debt; systemic corruption; crippled by COVID-19; ongoing deflation; p…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$12.325 billion (2024 est.) | $11.723 billion (2023 est.) | $11.194 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$12.325 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 12.325, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$23,400 (2024 est.) | $22,300 (2023 est.) | $21,400 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$23,400 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 23400.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "5.1% (2024 est.) | 4.7% (2023 est.) | 13.8% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "5.1% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "1.4% (2024 est.) | 2.9% (2023 est.) | 2.3% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "1.4% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.013999999999999999, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "4.7% (2024 est.) | 4.3% (2023 est.) | 4.5% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "4.7% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.047, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "tourism, fish processing, shipping, boat building, coconut processing, woven mats, rope, handicrafts, coral and sand mining", "display": "tourism, fish processing, shipping, boat building, coconut processing, woven mats, rope, handicrafts, coral and sand mining", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "fruits, vegetables, nuts, other meats, papayas, bananas, tomatoes, maize, pulses, chillies/peppers (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "fruits, vegetables, nuts, other meats, papayas, bananas, tomatoes, maize, pulses, chillies/peppers (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "fish, aircraft, refined petroleum, scrap iron, natural gas (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "fish, aircraft, refined petroleum, scrap iron, natural gas (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, plastic products, aircraft, granite, ships (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, plastic products, aircraft, granite, ships (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 85% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 85% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.85, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 98,000 (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 19 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 98,000 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 98000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 93.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 6.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 93.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "50.886 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "50.886 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "20 (2025)", "display": "20 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 1 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 0 | very small: 1 | ports with oil terminals: 1 | key ports: Male", "display": "total ports: 1 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 82 (2023) | by type: general cargo 30, oil tanker 20, other 32", "display": "total: 82 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "rising sea levels; depletion of freshwater aquifers; inadequate sewage treatment; coral reef bleaching", "display": "rising sea levels; depletion of freshwater aquifers; inadequate sewage treatment; coral reef bleaching", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "1.908 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 1.908 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "1.908 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "30 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "30 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 5.6 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 300,000 cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 268,194 cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 5.6 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardo…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/maldives.json" }, { "entity_id": "mali", "name": "Mali", "source_code": "ML", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Africa", "roadmap_country": "Mali", "coverage_region": "Africa", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 145, "published_fact_count": 50, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 22634423.0, "area_sq_km": 1240192.0, "capital": "Bamako", "government_type": "semi-presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 63.2, "urban_population_percent": 46.2, "internet_users_percent": 35.0, "electricity_access_percent": 53.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 2900.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": true }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Present-day Mali is named after the Mali Empire that ruled the region between the 13th and 16th centuries. At its peak in the 14th century, it was the largest and wealthiest empire in West Africa and controlled an area about twice the size of modern-day France. Primarily a trading empire, Mali derived its wealth from gold and maintained several goldfields and trade routes in the Sahel. The empire also influenced West African culture through the spread of its language, laws, and customs, but by the 16th century, it had fragmented into mostly small chiefdoms. The Songhai Empire, previously a Mali dependency centered in Timbuktu, gained prominence in the 15th and 16th centuries. Under Songhai rule, Timbuktu became a large commercial center, well-known for its scholarship and religious teaching. Timbuktu remains a center of culture in West Africa today. In the late 16th century, the Songhai Empire fell to Moroccan invaders and disintegrated into independent sultanates and kingdoms. | France, expanding from Senegal, seized control of the area in the 1890s and incorporated it into French West Africa as French Sudan. In 1960, French Sudan gained independence from France and became the Mali Federation. When Senegal withdrew after only a few months, the remaining area was renamed the Republic of Mali. Mali saw 31 years of dictatorship until 1991, when a military coup led by Amadou Toumani TOURE ousted the government, established a new constitution, and instituted a multi-party democracy. Alpha Oumar KONARE won Mali's first two democratic presidential elections in 1992 and 1997. In keeping with Mali's two-term constitutional limit, he stepped down in 2002 and was succeeded by Amadou Toumani TOURE, who won a second term in 2007. | In 2012, rising ethnic tensions and an influx of fighters -- some linked to Al-Qa’ida -- from Libya led to a rebellion and military coup. Following the coup, rebels expelled the military from the country’s three northern regions, allowing terrorist organizations to develop strongholds in the area. With a 2013 French-led military intervention, the Malian government managed to retake most of the north. However, the government’s grasp in the region remains weak with local militias, terrorists, and insurgent groups competing for control. In 2015, the Malian Government and northern rebels signed an internationally mediated peace accord. Despite a 2017 target for implementation of the agreement, the signatories have made little progress. Terrorist groups were left out of the peace process, and terrorist attacks remain common. | Ibrahim Boubacar KEITA won the Malian presidential elections in 2013 and 2018. Aside from security and logistic shortfalls, international observers deemed these elections credible. Terrorism, banditry, ethnic-based violence, and extra-judicial military killings plagued the country during KEITA’s second term. In 2020, the military arrested KEITA, his prime minister, and other senior members of the government and established a military junta called the National Committee for the Salvation of the People (CNSP). The junta then established a transition government and appointed Bah N’DAW, a retired army officer and former defense minister, as interim president and Colonel Assimi GOITA, the coup leader and chairman of the CNSP, as interim vice president. The transition government’s charter allowed it to rule for up to 18 months before calling a general election. | In 2021, GOITA led a military takeover, arresting the interim president after a Cabinet shake-up removed GOITA’s key allies. GOITA was sworn in as transition president, and Choguel Kokalla MAIGA was sworn in as prime minister. In 2022, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) imposed sanctions on the transition government, and member states closed their borders with Mali after the transition government presented a five-year extension to the electoral calendar. The transition government and ECOWAS agreed to a new two-year timeline, which would have included presidential elections in February 2024, but the transition government postponed the elections indefinitely in September 2023 and withdrew from ECOWAS in January 2024.", "display": "Present-day Mali is named after the Mali Empire that ruled the region between the 13th and 16th centuries. At its peak in the 14th century, it was the largest and wealthiest empir…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1960 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "interior Western Africa, southwest of Algeria, north of Guinea, Cote d'Ivoire, and Burkina Faso, west of Niger", "display": "interior Western Africa, southwest of Algeria, north of Guinea, Cote d'Ivoire, and Burkina Faso, west of Niger", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Africa", "display": "Africa", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 1,240,192 sq km | land: 1,220,190 sq km | water: 20,002 sq km", "display": "total : 1,240,192 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 1240192.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "0 km (landlocked)", "display": "0 km (landlocked)", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly flat to rolling northern plains covered by sand; savanna in south, rugged hills in northeast", "display": "mostly flat to rolling northern plains covered by sand; savanna in south, rugged hills in northeast", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "subtropical to arid; hot and dry (February to June); rainy, humid, and mild (June to November); cool and dry (November to February)", "display": "subtropical to arid; hot and dry (February to June); rainy, humid, and mild (June to November); cool and dry (November to February)", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Hombori Tondo 1,155 m | lowest point: Senegal River 23 m | mean elevation: 343 m", "display": "highest point: Hombori Tondo 1,155 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "hot, dust-laden harmattan haze common during dry seasons; recurring droughts; occasional Niger River flooding", "display": "hot, dust-laden harmattan haze common during dry seasons; recurring droughts; occasional Niger River flooding", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "gold, phosphates, kaolin, salt, limestone, uranium, gypsum, granite, hydropower | note: bauxite, iron ore, manganese, tin, and copper deposits are known but not exploited", "display": "gold, phosphates, kaolin, salt, limestone, uranium, gypsum, granite, hydropower", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "the overwhelming majority of the population lives in the southern half of the country, with greater density along the border with Burkina Faso, as shown in this population distribution map", "display": "the overwhelming majority of the population lives in the southern half of the country, with greater density along the border with Burkina Faso, as shown in this population distrib…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 22,634,423 (2025 est.) | male: 10,999,331 | female: 11,635,092", "display": "total: 22,634,423 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 22634423.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "2.88% (2025 est.)", "display": "2.88% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0288, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 46.2% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 4.57% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 46.2% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Bambara (official), French 17.2%, Peuhl/Foulfoulbe/Fulani 9.4%, Dogon 7.2%, Maraka/Soninke 6.4%, Malinke 5.6%, Sonrhai/Djerma 5.6%, Minianka 4.3%, Tamacheq 3.5%, Senoufo 2.6%, Bobo 2.1%, other 6.3%, unspecified 0.7% (2009 est.) | note: Mali has 13 national languages in addition to its official language", "display": "Bambara (official), French 17.2%, Peuhl/Foulfoulbe/Fulani 9.4%, Dogon 7.2%, Maraka/Soninke 6.4%, Malinke 5.6%, Sonrhai/Djerma 5.6%, Minianka 4.3%, Tamacheq 3.5%, Senoufo 2.6%, Bob…", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2009 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Muslim 93.9%, Christian 2.8%, animist 0.7%, none 2.5% (2018 est.)", "display": "Muslim 93.9%, Christian 2.8%, animist 0.7%, none 2.5% (2018 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": 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2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$2,900 (2024 est.) | $2,900 (2023 est.) | $2,800 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$2,900 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 2900.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "5% (2024 est.) | 4.7% (2023 est.) | 3.5% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "5% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3.2% (2024 est.) | 2.1% (2023 est.) | 9.6% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "3.2% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate 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tonnage", "display": "maize, rice, millet, sorghum, onions, okra, sugarcane, cotton, mangoes/guavas, sweet potatoes (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "gold, cotton, oil seeds, fertilizers, gum resins (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "gold, cotton, oil seeds, fertilizers, gum resins (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, broadcasting equipment, cement, cotton fabric, plastic products (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, broadcasting equipment, cement, cotton fabric, plastic products (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 35% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 35% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.35, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 179,000 (2022 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1 (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 179,000 (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 179000.0, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 53% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 99.7% | electrification - rural areas: 18.3%", "display": "electrification - total population: 53% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 57.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 3.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 37.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 1.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 57.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "4.307 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "4.307 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "30 (2025)", "display": "30 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 593 km (2014) | narrow gauge: 593 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge", "display": "total: 593 km (2014)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2014 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; loss of pasture land; inadequate supplies of potable water", "display": "deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; loss of pasture land; inadequate supplies of potable water", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "6.858 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 83 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 6.858 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "6.858 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "120 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "120 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 107 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 4 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 5.075 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 107 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: Nuclear Test Ban", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardo…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/mali.json" }, { "entity_id": "malta", "name": "Malta", "source_code": "MT", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Europe", "roadmap_country": "Malta", "coverage_region": "Europe", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 141, "published_fact_count": 50, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 521828.0, "area_sq_km": 316.0, "capital": "Valletta", "government_type": "parliamentary republic", "life_expectancy_years": 83.6, "urban_population_percent": 94.9, "internet_users_percent": 92.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 60500.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "With a civilization that dates back thousands of years, Malta boasts some of the oldest megalithic sites in the world. Situated in the center of the Mediterranean, Malta’s islands have long served as a strategic military asset, with the islands at various times falling under the control of the Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Greeks, Romans, Byzantines, Moors, Normans, Sicilians, Spanish, Knights of St. John, and French. Most recently a British colony (since 1814), Malta gained its independence in 1964 and declared itself a republic 10 years later. While under British rule, the island staunchly supported the UK through both world wars. Since the mid-1980s, the island has transformed itself into a freight transshipment point, a financial center, and a tourist destination, as its key industries moved toward more service-oriented activities. Malta became an EU member in 2004 and joined the eurozone in 2008.", "display": "With a civilization that dates back thousands of years, Malta boasts some of the oldest megalithic sites in the world. 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"Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "196.8 km (excludes 56 km for the island of Gozo)", "display": "196.8 km (excludes 56 km for the island of Gozo)", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly low, rocky, flat to dissected plains; many coastal cliffs", "display": "mostly low, rocky, flat to dissected plains; many coastal cliffs", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Mediterranean; mild, rainy winters; hot, dry summers", "display": "Mediterranean; mild, rainy winters; hot, dry summers", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Ta'Dmejrek on 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"display": "most of the population lives on the eastern half of Malta, the largest of the three inhabited islands", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 521,828 (2025 est.) | male: 271,180 | female: 250,648", "display": "total: 521,828 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 521828.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.65% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.65% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.006500000000000001, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 94.9% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.28% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 94.9% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Maltese (official) 90.1%, English (official) 6%, multilingual 3%, other 0.9% (2005 est.)", "display": "Maltese (official) 90.1%, English (official) 6%, multilingual 3%, other 0.9% (2005 est.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2005 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Roman Catholic (official) more than 90% (2006 est.)", "display": "Roman Catholic (official) more than 90% (2006 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 83.6 years (2024 est.) | male: 81.5 years | female: 85.8 years", "display": "total population: 83.6 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 83.6, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 42.1 years (2025 est.) | male: 42.4 years | female: 44.7 years", "display": "total: 42.1 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "213,000 VALLETTA (capital) (2018)", "display": "213,000 VALLETTA (capital) (2018)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 16 years (2023 est.) | male: 15 years (2023 est.) | female: 17 years (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 16 years (2023 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Malta | conventional short form: Malta | local long form: Repubblika ta' Malta | local short form: Malta | etymology: the origin is unclear; the name may come from the ancient term mel , meaning \"high\" and probably referring to the island's rocks; the ancient Greeks called the island \"Melite,\" possibly from the Greek word meli, meaning \"honey\" and referring to the island's honey production", "display": "conventional long form: Republic of Malta", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Valletta | geographic coordinates: 35 53 N, 14 30 E | time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October | etymology: named in honor of Jean Parizot de la VALETTE, the Grand Master of the Order of Saint John (crusader knights), who founded the city in 1566", "display": "name: Valletta", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary republic", "display": "parliamentary republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "mixed system of English common law and civil law based on the Roman and Napoleonic civil codes; subject to European Union law", "display": "mixed system of English common law and civil law based on the Roman and Napoleonic civil codes; subject to European Union law", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: many previous; latest adopted 21 September 1964 | amendment process: proposals (Acts of Parliament) require at least two-thirds majority vote by the House of Representatives; passage of Acts requires majority vote by referendum, followed by final majority vote by the House and assent of the president of the republic", "display": "history: many previous; latest adopted 21 September 1964", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1964 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "68 localities ( Il-lokalita ); Attard, Balzan, Birgu, Birkirkara, Birzebbuga, Bormla, Dingli, Fgura, Floriana, Fontana, Ghajnsielem, Gharb, Gharghur, Ghasri, Ghaxaq, Gudja, Gzira, Hamrun, Iklin, Imdina, Imgarr, Imqabba, Imsida, Imtarfa, Isla, Kalkara, Kercem, Kirkop, Lija, Luqa, Marsa, Marsaskala, Marsaxlokk, Mellieha, Mosta, Munxar, Nadur, Naxxar, Paola, Pembroke, Pieta, Qala, Qormi, Qrendi, Rabat, Rabat (Ghawdex), Safi, San Giljan/Saint Julian, San Gwann/Saint John, San Lawrenz/Saint Lawrence, Sannat, San Pawl il-Bahar/Saint Paul's Bay, Santa Lucija/Saint Lucia, Santa Venera/Saint Venera, Siggiewi, Sliema, Swieqi, Tarxien, Ta' Xbiex, Valletta, Xaghra, Xewkija, Xghajra, Zabbar, Zebbug, Zebbug (Ghawdex), Zejtun, Zurrieq", "display": "68 localities ( Il-lokalita ); Attard, Balzan, Birgu, Birkirkara, Birzebbuga, Bormla, Dingli, Fgura, Floriana, Fontana, 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null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "high-income, EU-member European economy; diversified portfolio; euro user; dependent on food and energy imports; strong tourism, trade, and manufacturing sectors; high North African immigration; large welfare system; educated workforce", "display": "high-income, EU-member European economy; diversified portfolio; euro user; dependent on food and energy imports; strong tourism, trade, and manufacturing sectors; high North Afric…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$34.731 billion (2024 est.) | $32.774 billion (2023 est.) | $30.689 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$34.731 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP 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"display": "1.7% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.017, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.8% (2024 est.) | 3.2% (2023 est.) | 3% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "2.8% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.027999999999999997, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "tourism, electronics, ship building and repair, construction, food and beverages, pharmaceuticals, footwear, clothing, tobacco, aviation services, financial services, information technology services", "display": "tourism, electronics, ship building and repair, construction, food and beverages, pharmaceuticals, footwear, clothing, tobacco, aviation services, financial services, information…", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "milk, tomatoes, onions, potatoes, chicken, cauliflower/broccoli, cabbages, pork, pumpkins/squash, watermelons (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "milk, tomatoes, onions, potatoes, chicken, cauliflower/broccoli, cabbages, pork, pumpkins/squash, watermelons (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, integrated circuits, packaged medicine, ships, postage stamps/documents (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, integrated circuits, packaged medicine, ships, postage stamps/documents (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "ships, refined petroleum, integrated circuits, aircraft, packaged medicine (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "ships, refined petroleum, integrated circuits, aircraft, packaged medicine (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 92% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 92% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.92, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 236,000 (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 44 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 236,000 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 236000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 86.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 13.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 0.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 86.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "234.698 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "234.698 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "1 (2025)", "display": "1 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 2 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 1 | small: 1 | very small: 0 | ports with oil terminals: 0 | key ports: Marsaxlokk, Valletta Harbors", "display": "total ports: 2 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 1,957 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 490, container ship 348, general cargo 152, oil tanker 354, other 613", "display": "total: 1,957 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "limited natural freshwater resources; deforestation; wildlife preservation", "display": "limited natural freshwater resources; deforestation; wildlife preservation", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "8.965 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 8.113 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 852,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "8.965 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "50.5 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "50.5 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 39.497 million cubic meters (2022) | industrial: 1 million cubic meters (2022) | agricultural: 21.358 million cubic meters (2022)", "display": "municipal: 39.497 million cubic meters (2022)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered S…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/malta.json" }, { "entity_id": "marshall-islands", "name": "Marshall Islands", "source_code": "MH", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Oceania", "roadmap_country": "Marshall Islands", "coverage_region": "Oceania", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 121, "published_fact_count": 46, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 82011.0, "area_sq_km": 181.0, "capital": "Majuro", "government_type": "mixed presidential-parliamentary system in free association with the US", "life_expectancy_years": 75.2, "urban_population_percent": 78.9, "internet_users_percent": 66.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 7200.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Humans arrived in the Marshall Islands in the first millennium B.C. and gradually created permanent settlements on the various atolls. The early inhabitants were skilled navigators who frequently traveled between atolls using stick charts to map the islands. Society became organized under two paramount chiefs, one each for the Ratak (Sunrise) Chain and the Ralik (Sunset) Chain. Spain formally claimed the islands in 1592. Germany established a supply station on Jaluit Atoll and bought the islands from Spain in 1884, although paramount chiefs continued to rule. | Japan seized the Marshall Islands in 1914 and was granted a League of Nations Mandate to administer the islands in 1920. The US captured the islands in heavy fighting during World War II, and the islands came under US administration as part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (TTPI) in 1947. Between 1946 and 1958, the US resettled populations from Bikini and Enewetak Atolls and conducted 67 nuclear tests; people from Ailinginae, Rongelap, and Utrik Atolls were also evacuated because of nuclear fallout, and Bikini and Rongelap remain largely uninhabited. In 1979, the Marshall Islands drafted a constitution separate from the rest of the TTPI and declared independence under President Amata KABUA, a paramount chief. In 2000, Kessai NOTE became the first commoner elected president. In 2016, Hilda HEINE was the first woman elected president.", "display": "Humans arrived in the Marshall Islands in the first millennium B.C. and gradually created permanent settlements on the various atolls. The early inhabitants were skilled navigator…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1914 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Oceania, consists of 29 atolls and five isolated islands in the North Pacific Ocean, about halfway between Hawaii and Australia; the atolls and islands are situated in two, almost-parallel island chains - the Ratak (Sunrise) group and the Ralik (Sunset) group; the total number of islands and islets is about 1,225; 22 of the atolls and four of the islands are uninhabited", "display": "Oceania, consists of 29 atolls and five isolated islands in the North Pacific Ocean, about halfway between Hawaii and Australia; the atolls and islands are situated in two, almost…", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Oceania", "display": "Oceania", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 181 sq km | land: 181 sq km | water: 0 sq km | note: the archipelago includes 11,673 sq km (4,507 sq mi) of lagoon and encompasses the atolls of Bikini, Enewetak, Kwajalein, Majuro, Rongelap, and Utirik", "display": "total : 181 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 181.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "370.4 km", "display": "370.4 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "low coral limestone and sand islands", "display": "low coral limestone and sand islands", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical; hot and humid; wet season May to November; islands border typhoon belt", "display": "tropical; hot and humid; wet season May to November; islands border typhoon belt", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: East-central Airik Island, Maloelap Atoll 14 m | lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m | mean elevation: 2 m", "display": "highest point: East-central Airik Island, Maloelap Atoll 14 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "infrequent typhoons", "display": "infrequent typhoons", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "coconut products, marine products, deep seabed minerals", "display": "coconut products, marine products, deep seabed minerals", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "most people live in urban clusters on many of the country's islands; more than two thirds of the population lives on the atolls of Majuro and Ebeye", "display": "most people live in urban clusters on many of the country's islands; more than two thirds of the population lives on the atolls of Majuro and Ebeye", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 82,011 (2024 est.) | male: 41,581 | female: 40,430", "display": "total: 82,011 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 82011.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.22% (2025 est.)", "display": "1.22% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.012199999999999999, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 78.9% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.61% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 78.9% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Marshallese (official) 98.2%, other languages 1.8% (1999) | major-language sample(s): | Bok eo an Lalin kin Melele ko Rejimwe ej jikin ebōk melele ko raurōk. (Marshallese) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. | note: English (official), widely spoken as a second language", "display": "Marshallese (official) 98.2%, other languages 1.8% (1999)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1999 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Protestant 79.3% (United Church of Christ 47.9%, Assembly of God 14.1%, Full Gospel 5%, Bukot Nan Jesus 3%, Salvation Army 2.3%, Reformed Congressional Church 2.2%, Seventh Day Adventist 1.7%, New Beginning Church 1.4%, other Protestant 1.6%), Roman Catholic 9.3%, Church of Jesus Christ 5.7%, Jehovah's Witness 1.3%, other 3.3%, none 1.1% (2021 est.)", "display": "Protestant 79.3% (United Church of Christ 47.9%, Assembly of God 14.1%, Full Gospel 5%, Bukot Nan Jesus 3%, Salvation Army 2.3%, Reformed Congressional Church 2.2%, Seventh Day Ad…", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 75.2 years (2024 est.) | male: 73 years | female: 77.5 years", "display": "total population: 75.2 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 75.2, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 25.9 years (2025 est.) | male: 25.4 years | female: 25.6 years", "display": "total: 25.9 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "31,000 MAJURO (capital) (2018)", "display": "31,000 MAJURO (capital) (2018)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 95.8% (2021 est.) | male: 95.7% (2021 est.) | female: 96.4% (2021 est.)", "display": "total population: 95.8% (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 14 years (2022 est.) | male: 14 years (2022 est.) | female: 15 years (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 14 years (2022 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of the Marshall Islands | conventional short form: Marshall Islands | local long form: Republic of the Marshall Islands | local short form: Marshall Islands | former: Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, Marshall Islands District | abbreviation: RMI | etymology: named after British Captain John MARSHALL, who charted many of the islands in 1788", "display": "conventional long form: Republic of the Marshall Islands", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Majuro | geographic coordinates: 7 06 N, 171 23 E | time difference: UTC+12 (17 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: Majuro means \"two openings\" or \"two eyes\" and refers to the two major passages through the atoll into the Majuro lagoon | note: the capital is an atoll of 64 islands; governmental buildings are housed on three fused islands on the eastern side of the atoll: Djarrit, Uliga, and Delap", "display": "name: Majuro", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "mixed presidential-parliamentary system in free association with the US", "display": "mixed presidential-parliamentary system in free association with the US", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "mixed system of US and English common law, customary law, and local statutes", "display": "mixed system of US and English common law, customary law, and local statutes", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: effective 1 May 1979 | amendment process: proposed by the National Parliament or by a constitutional convention; passage by Parliament requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the total membership in each of two readings and approval by a majority of votes in a referendum; amendments submitted by a constitutional convention require approval of at least two thirds of votes in a referendum", "display": "history: effective 1 May 1979", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1979 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "24 municipalities; Ailinglaplap, Ailuk, Arno, Aur, Bikini & Kili, Ebon, Enewetak & Ujelang, Jabat, Jaluit, Kwajalein, Lae, Lib, Likiep, Majuro, Maloelap, Mejit, Mili, Namorik, Namu, Rongelap, Ujae, Utrik, Wotho, Wotje", "display": "24 municipalities; Ailinglaplap, Ailuk, Arno, Aur, Bikini & Kili, Ebon, Enewetak & Ujelang, Jabat, Jaluit, 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large public sector; coconut oil production as diesel fuel substitute; growing offshore banking locale; fishing rights seller; import-dependent", "display": "upper middle-income Pacific island economy; US aid reliance; large public sector; coconut oil production as diesel fuel substitute; growing offshore banking locale; fishing rights…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$270.809 million (2024 est.) | $263.507 million (2023 est.) | $274.3 million (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$270.809 million (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 0.270809, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$7,200 (2024 est.) | $6,800 (2023 est.) | $6,800 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$7,200 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 7200.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.8% (2024 est.) | -3.9% (2023 est.) | -1.1% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "2.8% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "6.2% (2022 est.) | 2.6% (2021 est.) | -0.7% (2020 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "6.2% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.062, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "copra, tuna processing, tourism, craft items (from seashells, wood, and pearls)", "display": "copra, tuna processing, tourism, craft items (from seashells, wood, and pearls)", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "coconuts (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "coconuts (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "ships, refined petroleum, fish, natural gas, stone processing machines (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "ships, refined petroleum, fish, natural gas, stone processing machines (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "ships, refined petroleum, additive manufacturing machines, iron structures, crude petroleum (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "ships, refined petroleum, additive manufacturing machines, iron structures, crude petroleum (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 66% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 66% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.66, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 1,000 (2022 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 2 (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 1,000 (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 1000.0, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 96.1% | electrification - rural areas: 100%", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "33 (2025)", "display": "33 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 3 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 0 | very small: 3 | ports with oil terminals: 2 | key ports: Enitwetak Island, Kwajalein, Majuro Atoll", "display": "total ports: 3 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 4,180 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 1,939, container ship 277, general cargo 66, oil tanker 1039, other 859", "display": "total: 4,180 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "inadequate potable water; pollution of Majuro lagoon from household waste and discharges from fishing vessels; sea-level rise", "display": "inadequate potable water; pollution of Majuro lagoon from household waste and discharges from fishing vessels; sea-level rise", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "293,700 metric tonnes of CO2 (2017 est.)", "display": "293,700 metric tonnes of CO2 (2017 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2017 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of th…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/marshall-islands.json" }, { "entity_id": "mauritania", "name": "Mauritania", "source_code": "MR", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Africa", "roadmap_country": "Mauritania", "coverage_region": "Africa", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 147, "published_fact_count": 52, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 5202109.0, "area_sq_km": 1030700.0, "capital": "Nouakchott", "government_type": "presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 65.9, "urban_population_percent": 57.7, "internet_users_percent": 37.0, "electricity_access_percent": 49.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 6400.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "The Amazigh and Bafour people were among the earliest settlers in what is now Mauritania and among the first in recorded history to convert from a nomadic to agricultural lifestyle. These groups account for roughly one third of Mauritania’s ethnic makeup. The remainder of Mauritania’s ethnic groups derive from Sub-Saharan ethnic groups originating mainly from the Senegal River Valley, including descendants of former enslaved peoples. These three groups are organized according to a strict caste system with deep ethnic divides that impact access to resources and power dynamics. | A former French colony, Mauritania achieved independence from France in 1960. Mauritania initially began as a single-party, authoritarian regime and experienced 49 years of dictatorships, flawed elections, failed attempts at democracy, and military coups. Ould Abdel AZIZ led the last coup in 2008, was elected president in 2009, and was reelected in 2014. Mohamed Ould Cheikh GHAZOUANI was elected president in 2019, and his inauguration marked the first peaceful transition of power from one democratically elected president to another, solidifying the country's status as an emerging democracy. International observers recognized the elections as relatively free and fair. GHAZOUANI is seeking re-election in June 2024 for a second, and final, five-year term. | The country is working to address vestigial practices of slavery and its hereditary impacts. Mauritania officially abolished slavery in 1981, but the practice was not criminalized until 2007. Between 2005 and 2011, Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) launched a series of attacks killing western tourists and aid workers, attacking diplomatic and government facilities, and ambushing Mauritanian soldiers and gendarmes. Although Mauritania has not seen an attack since 2011, AQIM and similar groups remain active in the Sahel region.", "display": "The Amazigh and Bafour people were among the earliest settlers in what is now Mauritania and among the first in recorded history to convert from a nomadic to agricultural lifestyl…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1960 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Senegal and Western Sahara", "display": "Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Senegal and Western Sahara", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Africa", "display": "Africa", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 1,030,700 sq km | land: 1,030,700 sq km | water: 0 sq km", "display": "total : 1,030,700 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 1030700.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "754 km", "display": "754 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly barren, flat plains of the Sahara; some central hills", "display": "mostly barren, flat plains of the Sahara; some central hills", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "desert; constantly hot, dry, dusty", "display": "desert; constantly hot, dry, dusty", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Kediet Ijill 915 m | lowest point: Sebkhet Te-n-Dghamcha -5 m | mean elevation: 276 m", "display": "highest point: Kediet Ijill 915 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "hot, dry, dust/sand-laden sirocco wind primarily in March and April; periodic droughts", "display": "hot, dry, dust/sand-laden sirocco wind primarily in March and April; periodic droughts", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "iron ore, gypsum, copper, phosphate, diamonds, gold, oil, fish", "display": "iron ore, gypsum, copper, phosphate, diamonds, gold, oil, fish", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "vast areas of the country, particularly in the central, northern, and eastern areas, are desert and lack sizeable population clusters; half the population lives in or around the coastal capital of Nouakchott; smaller clusters are found near the southern border with Mali and Senegal, as shown in this population distribution map", "display": "vast areas of the country, particularly in the central, northern, and eastern areas, are desert and lack sizeable population clusters; half the population lives in or around the c…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 5,202,109 (2025 est.) | male: 2,578,114 | female: 2,623,995", "display": "total: 5,202,109 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 5202109.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "2.88% (2025 est.)", "display": "2.88% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0288, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 57.7% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 3.84% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 57.7% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Arabic (official and national), Pular, Soninke, Wolof (all national languages), French | major-language sample(s): | كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. | note: the spoken Arabic in Mauritania differs considerably from Modern Standard Arabic; the Mauritanian dialect, which incorporates many Tamazight words, is referred to as Hassaniya", "display": "Arabic (official and national), Pular, Soninke, Wolof (all national languages), French", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Muslim (official) 100%", "display": "Muslim (official) 100%", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 65.9 years (2024 est.) | male: 63.4 years | female: 68.5 years", "display": "total population: 65.9 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 65.9, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 18.6 years (2025 est.) | male: 21.1 years | female: 23.1 years", "display": "total: 18.6 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.492 million NOUAKCHOTT (capital) (2023)", "display": "1.492 million NOUAKCHOTT (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 59.5% (2020 est.) | male: 70.1% (2020 est.) | female: 51.8% (2020 est.)", "display": "total population: 59.5% (2020 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 8 years (2020 est.) | male: 8 years (2020 est.) | female: 8 years (2020 est.)", "display": "total: 8 years (2020 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Islamic Republic of Mauritania | conventional short form: Mauritania | local long form: Al Jumhuriyah al Islamiyah al Muritaniyah | local short form: Muritaniyah | etymology: named for the ancient kingdom 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"government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "presidential republic", "display": "presidential republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "mixed system of Islamic and French civil law", "display": "mixed system of Islamic and French civil law", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: previous 1964; latest adopted 12 July 1991 | amendment process: proposed by the president of the republic or by Parliament; consideration of amendments by Parliament requires approval of at least one third of the membership; a referendum is held only if the amendment is approved by two-thirds majority vote; passage by referendum requires simple majority vote by eligible voters; passage of amendments proposed by the president can bypass a referendum if approved by at least three-fifths majority vote by Parliament", "display": "history: previous 1964; latest adopted 12 July 1991", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1964 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "15 regions ( wilayas , singular - wilaya ); Adrar, Assaba, Brakna, Dakhlet Nouadhibou, Gorgol, Guidimaka, Hodh ech Chargui, Hodh El Gharbi, Inchiri, Nouakchott Nord, Nouakchott Ouest, Nouakchott Sud, Tagant, Tiris Zemmour, Trarza", "display": "15 regions ( wilayas , singular - wilaya ); Adrar, Assaba, Brakna, Dakhlet Nouadhibou, Gorgol, Guidimaka, Hodh ech Chargui, Hodh El Gharbi, Inchiri, Nouakchott Nord, Nouakchott Ou…", "source_field": "Administrative 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"lens": "economy", "content": "lower middle-income West African economy; primarily agrarian; rising urbanization; poor property rights; systemic corruption; endemic social and workforce tensions; wide-scale terrorism; foreign over-fishing; environmentally fragile", "display": "lower middle-income West African economy; primarily agrarian; rising urbanization; poor property rights; systemic corruption; endemic social and workforce tensions; wide-scale ter…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$33.069 billion (2024 est.) | $31.434 billion (2023 est.) | $29.514 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$33.069 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 33.069, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$6,400 (2024 est.) | $6,300 (2023 est.) | $6,100 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$6,400 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 6400.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "5.2% (2024 est.) | 6.5% (2023 est.) | 6.8% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "5.2% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.5% (2024 est.) | 5% (2023 est.) | 9.5% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "2.5% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.025, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "10.4% (2024 est.) | 10.5% (2023 est.) | 10.6% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "10.4% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.10400000000000001, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "fish processing, oil production, mining (iron ore, gold, copper) | note: gypsum deposits have never been exploited", "display": "fish processing, oil production, mining (iron ore, gold, copper)", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "rice, milk, goat milk, sorghum, sheep milk, lamb/mutton, beef, camel meat, camel milk, dates (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "rice, milk, goat milk, sorghum, sheep milk, lamb/mutton, beef, camel meat, camel milk, dates (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "gold, iron ore, fish, processed crustaceans, copper ore (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "gold, iron ore, fish, processed crustaceans, copper ore (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, raw sugar, palm oil, wheat, soybean oil (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, raw sugar, palm oil, wheat, soybean oil (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 37% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 37% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.37, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 14,000 (2022 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2022 est.) less than 1", "display": "total: 14,000 (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 14000.0, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 49% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 91.6%", "display": "electrification - total population: 49% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 72.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 8.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 6.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 12.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 72.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "14.135 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "14.135 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "25 (2025)", "display": "25 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 2 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 1 | small: 1 | very small: 0 | ports with oil terminals: 2 | key ports: Nouadhibou, Nouakchott", "display": "total ports: 2 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 728 km (2014) | standard gauge: 728 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge", "display": "total: 728 km (2014)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2014 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 11 (2023) | by type: general cargo 2, other 9", "display": "total: 11 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "desertification caused in part by overgrazing, deforestation, and drought-aggravated soil erosion; limited natural freshwater resources; locust infestation", "display": "desertification caused in part by overgrazing, deforestation, and drought-aggravated soil erosion; limited natural freshwater resources; locust infestation", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "4.86 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 4.86 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "4.86 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "11.4 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "11.4 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 95.4 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 31.8 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 1.223 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 95.4 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardo…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/mauritania.json" }, { "entity_id": "mauritius", "name": "Mauritius", "source_code": "MU", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Africa", "roadmap_country": "Mauritius", "coverage_region": "Africa", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 135, "published_fact_count": 51, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 1311375.0, "area_sq_km": 2040.0, "capital": "Port Louis", "government_type": "parliamentary republic", "life_expectancy_years": 75.4, "urban_population_percent": 40.9, "internet_users_percent": 80.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 27300.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Although known to Arab and European sailors since at least the early 1500s, the island of Mauritius was uninhabited until 1638 when the Dutch established a settlement named in honor of Prince Maurits van NASSAU. Their presence led to the rapid disappearance of the flightless dodo bird that has since become one of the most well-known examples of extinction in modern times. The Dutch abandoned their financially distressed settlement in 1710, although a number of formerly enslaved people remained. In 1722, the French established what would become a highly profitable settlement focused on sugar cane plantations that were reliant on the labor of enslaved people brought to Mauritius from other parts of Africa. In the 1790s, the island had a brief period of autonomous rule when plantation owners rejected French control because of laws ending slavery that were temporarily in effect during the French Revolution. Britain captured the island in 1810 as part of the Napoleonic Wars but kept most of the French administrative structure, which remains to this day in the form of the country’s legal codes and widespread use of the French Creole language. The abolition of slavery in 1835 -- later than most other British colonies -- led to increased reliance on contracted laborers from the Indian subcontinent to work on plantations. Today their descendants form the majority of the population. Mauritius remained a strategically important British naval base and later an air station, and it played a role during World War II in anti-submarine and convoy operations, as well as in the collection of signals intelligence. | Mauritius gained independence from the UK in 1968 as a Parliamentary Republic and has remained a stable democracy with regular free elections and a positive human rights record. The country also attracted considerable foreign investment and now has one of Africa's highest per capita incomes. Mauritius’ often-fractious coalition politics has been dominated by two prominent families, each of which has had father-son pairs who have been prime minister over multiple, often nonconsecutive, terms. Seewoosagur RAMGOOLAM (1968-76) was Mauritius’ first prime minister, and he was succeeded by Anerood JUGNAUTH (1982-95, 2000-03, 2014-17); his son Navin RAMGOOLAM (1995-2000, 2005-14); and Paul Raymond BERENGER (2003-05), the only non-Hindu prime minister of post-independence Mauritius. In 2017, Pravind JUGNAUTH became prime minister after his father stepped down short of completing his term, and he was elected in his own right in 2019. | Mauritius claims the French island of Tromelin and the British Chagos Archipelago (British Indian Ocean Territory). Since 2017, Mauritius has secured favorable UN General Assembly resolutions and an International Court of Justice advisory opinion relating to its sovereignty dispute with the UK.", "display": "Although known to Arab and European sailors since at least the early 1500s, the island of Mauritius was uninhabited until 1638 when the Dutch established a settlement named in hon…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1968 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, about 800 km (500 mi) east of Madagascar", "display": "Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, about 800 km (500 mi) east of Madagascar", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Africa", "display": "Africa", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 2,040 sq km | land: 2,030 sq km | water: 10 sq km | note: includes Agalega Islands, Cargados Carajos Shoals (Saint Brandon), and Rodrigues", "display": "total : 2,040 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 2040.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "177 km", "display": "177 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "small coastal plain rising to discontinuous mountains encircling central plateau", "display": "small coastal plain rising to discontinuous mountains encircling central plateau", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical, modified by southeast trade winds; warm, dry winter (May to November); hot, wet, humid summer (November to May)", "display": "tropical, modified by southeast trade winds; warm, dry winter (May to November); hot, wet, humid summer (November to May)", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Mont Piton 828 m | lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m", "display": "highest point: Mont Piton 828 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "cyclones (November to April); almost completely surrounded by reefs that may pose maritime hazards", "display": "cyclones (November to April); almost completely surrounded by reefs that may pose maritime hazards", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "arable land, fish", "display": "arable land, fish", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "population density is one of the highest in the world; urban clusters are found throughout the main island, with a greater density in and around Port Luis; the population on Rodrigues Island is fairly evenly spread, with a slightly denser cluster on the north coast, as shown in this population distribution map", "display": "population density is one of the highest in the world; urban clusters are found throughout the main island, with a greater density in and around Port Luis; the population on Rodri…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 1,311,375 (2025 est.) | male: 639,707 | female: 671,668", "display": "total: 1,311,375 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 1311375.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.06% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.06% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0006, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 40.9% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.28% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 40.9% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Creole 86.5%, Bhojpuri 5.3%, French 4.1%, two languages 1.4%, other 2.6% (includes English, one of the two official languages of the National Assembly, which is spoken by less than 1% of the population), unspecified 0.1% (2011 est.)", "display": "Creole 86.5%, Bhojpuri 5.3%, French 4.1%, two languages 1.4%, other 2.6% (includes English, one of the two official languages of the National Assembly, which is spoken by less tha…", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2011 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Hindu 48.5%, Roman Catholic 26.3%, Muslim 17.3%, other Christian 6.4%, other 0.6%, none 0.7%, unspecified 0.1% (2011 est.)", "display": "Hindu 48.5%, Roman Catholic 26.3%, Muslim 17.3%, other Christian 6.4%, other 0.6%, none 0.7%, unspecified 0.1% (2011 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2011 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 75.4 years (2024 est.) | male: 72.6 years | female: 78.4 years", "display": "total population: 75.4 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 75.4, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 40 years (2025 est.) | male: 38.1 years | female: 41 years", "display": "total: 40 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "149,000 PORT LOUIS (capital) (2018)", "display": "149,000 PORT LOUIS (capital) (2018)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 94.3% (2023 est.) | male: 96.3% (2023 est.) | female: 92.8% (2023 est.)", "display": "total population: 94.3% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 14 years (2020 est.) | male: 14 years (2020 est.) | female: 15 years (2020 est.)", "display": "total: 14 years (2020 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Mauritius | conventional short form: Mauritius | local long form: Republic of Mauritius | local short form: Mauritius | etymology: named after Prince Maurice VAN NASSAU, stadtholder (governor) of the Dutch Republic, in 1598 | note: pronounced mahr-ish-us", "display": "conventional long form: Republic of Mauritius", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Port Louis | geographic coordinates: 20 09 S, 57 29 E | time difference: UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: named after LOUIS XV, who was king of France in 1736 when the port became the administrative center of Mauritius", "display": "name: Port Louis", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary republic", "display": "parliamentary republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil system based on French civil law with some elements of English common law", "display": "civil system based on French civil law with some elements of English common law", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: several previous; latest adopted 12 March 1968 | amendment process: proposed by the National Assembly; passage of amendments affecting constitutional articles, including the sovereignty of the state, fundamental rights and freedoms, citizenship, or the branches of government, requires approval in a referendum by at least three-fourths majority of voters followed by a unanimous vote by the Assembly; passage of other amendments requires only two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly", "display": "history: several previous; latest adopted 12 March 1968", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1968 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "9 districts and 3 dependencies*; Agalega Islands*, Black River, Cargados Carajos Shoals*, Flacq, Grand Port, Moka, Pamplemousses, Plaines Wilhems, Port Louis, Riviere du Rempart, Rodrigues*, Savanne", "display": "9 districts and 3 dependencies*; Agalega Islands*, Black River, Cargados Carajos Shoals*, Flacq, Grand Port, Moka, Pamplemousses, Plaines Wilhems, Port Louis, Riviere du Rempart,…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACP, AfDB, AOSIS, AU, CD, COMESA, CPLP (associate), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, PCA, SAARC (observer), SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ACP, AfDB, AOSIS, AU, CD, COMESA, CPLP (associate), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, IOM,…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "upper middle-income Indian Ocean island economy; diversified portfolio; investing in maritime security; strong tourism sector decimated by COVID-19; expanding in information and financial services; environmentally fragile", "display": "upper middle-income Indian Ocean island economy; diversified portfolio; investing in maritime security; strong tourism sector decimated by COVID-19; expanding in information and f…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$34.406 billion (2024 est.) | $32.864 billion (2023 est.) | $31.296 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$34.406 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 34.406, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$27,300 (2024 est.) | $26,100 (2023 est.) | $24,800 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$27,300 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 27300.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "4.7% (2024 est.) | 5% (2023 est.) | 8.7% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "4.7% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3.6% (2024 est.) | 7.1% (2023 est.) | 10.8% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "3.6% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.036000000000000004, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": 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tomatoes, eggs, potatoes, cabbages, bananas, onions, cucumbers/gherkins (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "sugarcane, chicken, pumpkins/squash, tomatoes, eggs, potatoes, cabbages, bananas, onions, cucumbers/gherkins (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "fish, garments, raw sugar, fertilizers, diamonds (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "fish, garments, raw sugar, fertilizers, diamonds (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, cars, fish, coal, packaged medicine (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, cars, fish, coal, packaged medicine (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 80% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 80% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.8, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 343,000 (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 27 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 343,000 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 343000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 99% | electrification - rural areas: 100%", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 82.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 4.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 0.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 2.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 9.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 82.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "60.188 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "60.188 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "5 (2025)", "display": "5 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 2 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 1 | very small: 1 | ports with oil terminals: 1 | key ports: Port Louis, Port Mathurin", "display": "total ports: 2 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 32 (2023) | by type: general cargo 1, oil tanker 4, other 27", "display": "total: 32 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "water pollution, degradation of coral reefs; soil erosion; wildlife preservation; solid-waste disposal", "display": "water pollution, degradation of coral reefs; soil erosion; wildlife preservation; solid-waste disposal", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "5.551 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 1.495 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 4.056 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "5.551 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "2.751 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "2.751 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 320 million cubic meters (2022) | industrial: 10 million cubic meters (2022) | agricultural: 303 million cubic meters (2022)", "display": "municipal: 320 million cubic meters (2022)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Endangered Species, Envi…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/mauritius.json" }, { "entity_id": "mexico", "name": "Mexico", "source_code": "MX", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "North America", "roadmap_country": "Mexico", "coverage_region": "Americas", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 160, "published_fact_count": 52, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 130739927.0, "area_sq_km": 1964375.0, "capital": "Mexico City (Ciudad de Mexico)", "government_type": "federal presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 74.6, "urban_population_percent": 81.6, "internet_users_percent": 81.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 22000.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Mexico was the site of several advanced Amerindian civilizations -- including the Olmec, Toltec, Teotihuacan, Zapotec, Maya, and Aztec -- until Spain conquered and colonized the area in the early 16th century. Administered as the Viceroyalty of New Spain for three centuries, it achieved independence early in the 19th century. Elections held in 2000 marked the first time since Mexican Revolution in 1910 that an opposition candidate -- Vicente FOX of the National Action Party (PAN) -- defeated the party in government, the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). He was succeeded in 2006 by another PAN candidate Felipe CALDERON, but Enrique PEÑA NIETO regained the presidency for the PRI in 2012. Left-leaning anti-establishment politician and former mayor of Mexico City (2000-05) Andrés Manuel LÓPEZ OBRADOR, from the National Regeneration Movement (MORENA), became president in 2018. | The US-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA, or T-MEC by its Spanish acronym) entered into force in 2020 and replaced its predecessor, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Mexico amended its constitution in 2019 to facilitate the implementation of the labor components of USMCA. | Mexico is currently the US's second-largest goods trading partner, after Canada. Ongoing economic and social concerns include low real wages, high underemployment, inequitable income distribution, and few advancement opportunities, particularly for the largely indigenous population in the impoverished southern states. Since 2007, Mexico's powerful transnational criminal organizations have engaged in a struggle to control criminal markets, resulting in tens of thousands of drug-related homicides and forced disappearances.", "display": "Mexico was the site of several advanced Amerindian civilizations -- including the Olmec, Toltec, Teotihuacan, Zapotec, Maya, and Aztec -- until Spain conquered and colonized the a…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2000 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "North America, bordering the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of America, between Belize and the United States and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Guatemala and the United States", "display": "North America, bordering the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of America, between Belize and the United States and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Guatemala and the United St…", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "North America", "display": "North America", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 1,964,375 sq km | land: 1,943,945 sq km | water: 20,430 sq km", "display": "total : 1,964,375 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 1964375.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "9,330 km", "display": "9,330 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "high, rugged mountains; low coastal plains; high plateaus; desert", "display": "high, rugged mountains; low coastal plains; high plateaus; desert", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "varies from tropical to desert", "display": "varies from tropical to desert", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Volcan Pico de Orizaba 5,636 m | lowest point: Laguna Salada -10 m | mean elevation: 1,111 m", "display": "highest point: Volcan Pico de Orizaba 5,636 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tsunamis along the Pacific coast; volcanoes and destructive earthquakes in the center and south; hurricanes on the Pacific, Gulf of America, and Caribbean coasts | volcanism: volcanic activity in the central-southern part of the country; the volcanoes in Baja California are mostly dormant; Colima (3,850 m) is Mexico's most active volcano and is responsible for periodic evacuations of nearby villagers; it has been deemed a Decade Volcano by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human populations; Popocatepetl (5,426 m) poses a threat to Mexico City; other historically active volcanoes include Barcena, Ceboruco, El Chichon, Michoacan-Guanajuato, Pico de Orizaba, San Martin, Socorro, and Tacana; see note 2 under \"Geography - note\"", "display": "tsunamis along the Pacific coast; volcanoes and destructive earthquakes in the center and south; hurricanes on the Pacific, Gulf of America, and Caribbean coasts", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "petroleum, silver, antimony, copper, gold, lead, zinc, natural gas, timber", "display": "petroleum, silver, antimony, copper, gold, lead, zinc, natural gas, timber", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "most of the population is found in the middle of the country between the states of Jalisco and Veracruz; approximately a quarter of the population lives in and around Mexico City", "display": "most of the population is found in the middle of the country between the states of Jalisco and Veracruz; approximately a quarter of the population lives in and around Mexico City", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 130,739,927 (2024 est.) | male: 63,899,138 | female: 66,840,789", "display": "total: 130,739,927 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 130739927.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.81% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.81% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.008100000000000001, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 81.6% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 1.4% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 81.6% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Spanish only 93.8%, Spanish and indigenous languages (including Mayan, Nahuatl, and others) 5.4%, indigenous only 0.6%, unspecified 0.2% (2020 est.) | major-language sample(s): | La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Spanish only 93.8%, Spanish and indigenous languages (including Mayan, Nahuatl, and others) 5.4%, indigenous only 0.6%, unspecified 0.2% (2020 est.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Catholic 77.7%, no religion 10.6%, other Evangelical Churches 7.5%, Jehovah Witness 1.2%; less than 1 percent: Pentecostal, Seventh Day Adventist, Historics, not specified, Latter Day Saints, other religions (2020 est.)", "display": "Catholic 77.7%, no religion 10.6%, other Evangelical Churches 7.5%, Jehovah Witness 1.2%; less than 1 percent: Pentecostal, Seventh Day Adventist, Historics, not specified, Latter…", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 74.6 years (2024 est.) | male: 71.6 years | female: 77.7 years", "display": "total population: 74.6 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 74.6, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 31 years (2025 est.) | male: 28.8 years | female: 32.7 years", "display": "total: 31 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "22.281 million MEXICO CITY (capital), 5.420 million Guadalajara, 5.117 million Monterrey, 3.345 million Puebla, 2.626 million Toluca de Lerdo, 2.260 million Tijuana (2023)", "display": "22.281 million MEXICO CITY (capital), 5.420 million Guadalajara, 5.117 million Monterrey, 3.345 million Puebla, 2.626 million Toluca de Lerdo, 2.260 million Tijuana (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 95% (2020 est.) | male: 96% (2020 est.) | female: 94% (2020 est.)", "display": "total population: 95% (2020 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 15 years (2022 est.) | male: 14 years (2022 est.) | female: 15 years (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 15 years (2022 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: United Mexican States | conventional short form: Mexico | local long form: Estados Unidos Mexicanos | local short form: Mexico | former: Mexican Republic, Mexican Empire | etymology: name may derive from one of the Nahuatl (Aztec) names for the capital city, Metztlixihtlico, which probably meant \"the center of the moon;\" alternatively, it may come from Mexica, the original name of the Aztec people", "display": "conventional long form: United Mexican States", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Mexico City (Ciudad de Mexico) | geographic coordinates: 19 26 N, 99 08 W | time difference: UTC-6 (1 hour behind Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: DST was permanently removed in October 2022 | time zone note: Mexico has four time zones | etymology: name may derive from one of the Nahuatl (Aztec) names for the capital city, Metztlixihtlico, which probably meant \"the center of the moon;\" alternatively, it may come from Mexica, the original name of the Aztec people", "display": "name: Mexico City (Ciudad de Mexico)", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "federal presidential republic", "display": "federal presidential republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law system with US constitutional law influence; judicial review of legislative acts", "display": "civil law system with US constitutional law influence; judicial review of legislative acts", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: several previous; latest approved 5 February 1917 | amendment process: proposed by the Congress of the Union; passage requires approval by at least two thirds of the members present and approval by a majority of the state legislatures", "display": "history: several previous; latest approved 5 February 1917", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1917 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "32 states ( estados , singular - estado ); Aguascalientes, Baja California, Baja California Sur, Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Cuidad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico, 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violence", "display": "upper-middle-income economy; highly integrated with US via trade and nearshore manufacturing; weak domestic demand, fiscal consolidation, and trade uncertainty contributing to slu…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$2.883 trillion (2024 est.) | $2.842 trillion (2023 est.) | $2.751 trillion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$2.883 trillion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 2883.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$22,000 (2024 est.) | $21,900 (2023 est.) | $21,400 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$22,000 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 22000.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "1.5% (2024 est.) | 3.3% (2023 est.) | 3.7% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "1.5% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "4.7% (2024 est.) | 5.5% (2023 est.) | 7.9% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "4.7% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.047, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.8% (2024 est.) | 2.8% (2023 est.) | 3.3% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "2.8% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.027999999999999997, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "food and beverages, tobacco, chemicals, iron and steel, petroleum, mining, textiles, clothing, motor vehicles, consumer durables, tourism", "display": "food and beverages, tobacco, chemicals, iron and steel, petroleum, mining, textiles, clothing, motor vehicles, consumer durables, tourism", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "sugarcane, maize, milk, oranges, sorghum, tomatoes, chicken, chillies/peppers, wheat, lemons/limes (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "sugarcane, maize, milk, oranges, sorghum, tomatoes, chicken, chillies/peppers, wheat, lemons/limes (2023)", 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"value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 81% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 81% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.81, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 26.6 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 21 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 26.6 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 26600000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 99.8% | electrification - rural areas: 100%", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 79.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | nuclear: 3.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 4.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 5.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 5.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | geothermal: 1.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 79.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "57.539 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "57.539 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "1,580 (2025)", "display": "1,580 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 35 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 7 | small: 10 | very small: 14 | size unknown: 4 | ports with oil terminals: 21 | key ports: Acapulco, Ensenada, Manzanillo, Mazatlan, Tampico, Tuxpan, Veracruz", "display": "total ports: 35 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 23,389 km (2017) | standard gauge: 23,389 km (2017) 1.435-m gauge (27 km electrified)", "display": "total: 23,389 km (2017)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2017 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 674 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 4, general cargo 11, oil tanker 32, other 627", "display": "total: 674 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "scarcity of hazardous waste disposal facilities; natural freshwater resources scarce and polluted in north, inaccessible and poor quality in center and extreme southeast; urban river pollution from raw sewage and industrial effluents; deforestation; widespread erosion; desertification; serious air and water pollution in urban areas; land subsidence in Valley of Mexico caused by groundwater depletion | note: the government considers the lack of clean water and deforestation as national security issues", "display": "scarcity of hazardous waste disposal facilities; natural freshwater resources scarce and polluted in north, inaccessible and poor quality in center and extreme southeast; urban ri…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "441.049 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 32.087 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 228.279 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 180.684 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "441.049 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "461.888 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "461.888 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 13.33 billion cubic meters (2022) | industrial: 7.953 billion cubic meters (2022) | agricultural: 68.523 billion cubic meters (2022)", "display": "municipal: 13.33 billion cubic meters (2022)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardo…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/mexico.json" }, { "entity_id": "micronesia-federated-states-of", "name": "Micronesia, Federated States of", "source_code": "FM", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Oceania", "roadmap_country": "Micronesia", "coverage_region": "Oceania", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 114, "published_fact_count": 44, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 99603.0, "area_sq_km": 702.0, "capital": "Palikir", "government_type": "federal republic in free association with the US", "life_expectancy_years": 75.0, "urban_population_percent": 23.4, "internet_users_percent": 41.0, "electricity_access_percent": 85.3, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 3800.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Each of the four states that compose the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) -- Chuuk, Kosrae, Pohnpei, and Yap -- has its own unique history and cultural traditions. The first humans arrived in what is now the FSM in the second millennium B.C. In the 800s A.D., construction of the artificial islets at the Nan Madol complex in Pohnpei began, with the main architecture being built around 1200. At its height, Nan Madol united the approximately 25,000 people of Pohnpei under the Saudeleur Dynasty. By 1250, Kosrae was united in a kingdom centered in Leluh. Yap’s society became strictly hierarchical, with chiefs receiving tributes from islands up to 1,100 km (700 mi) away. Widespread human settlement in Chuuk began in the 1300s, and the different islands in the Chuuk Lagoon were frequently at war with one another. | Portuguese and Spanish explorers visited a few of the islands in the 1500s, and Spain began exerting nominal, but not day-to-day, control over some of the islands -- which they named the Caroline Islands -- in the 1600s. In 1899, Spain sold all of the FSM to Germany. Japan seized the islands in 1914 and was granted a League of Nations mandate to administer them in 1920. During WWII, Japan built military bases across most of the islands and headquartered their Pacific naval operations in Chuuk. The US bombed Chuuk in 1944 but largely bypassed the other islands in its leapfrog campaign across the Pacific. | In 1947, the FSM came under US administration as part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, which comprised six districts: Chuuk, the Marshall Islands, the Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Pohnpei, and Yap; Kosrae was separated from Pohnpei into a separate district in 1977. In 1979, Chuuk, Kosrae, Pohnpei, and Yap ratified the FSM Constitution and declared independence while the other three districts opted to pursue separate political status. There are significant inter-island rivalries stemming from their different histories and cultures. Chuuk, the most populous but poorest state, has pushed for secession, but an independence referendum has been repeatedly postponed.", "display": "Each of the four states that compose the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) -- Chuuk, Kosrae, Pohnpei, and Yap -- has its own unique history and cultural traditions. The first h…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1914 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Oceania, island group in the North Pacific Ocean, about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to Indonesia", "display": "Oceania, island group in the North Pacific Ocean, about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to Indonesia", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Oceania", "display": "Oceania", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 702 sq km | land: 702 sq km | water: 0 sq km (fresh water only) | note: includes Pohnpei (Ponape), Chuuk (Truk) Islands, Yap Islands, and Kosrae (Kosaie)", "display": "total : 702 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 702.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "6,112 km", "display": "6,112 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "islands vary geologically from high mountainous islands to low, coral atolls; volcanic outcroppings on Pohnpei, Kosrae, and Chuuk", "display": "islands vary geologically from high mountainous islands to low, coral atolls; volcanic outcroppings on Pohnpei, Kosrae, and Chuuk", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical; heavy year-round rainfall, especially in the eastern islands; located on southern edge of the typhoon belt with occasionally severe damage", "display": "tropical; heavy year-round rainfall, especially in the eastern islands; located on southern edge of the typhoon belt with occasionally severe damage", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Nanlaud on Pohnpei 782 m | lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m", "display": "highest point: Nanlaud on Pohnpei 782 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "typhoons (June to December)", "display": "typhoons (June to December)", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "timber, marine products, deep-seabed minerals, phosphate", "display": "timber, marine products, deep-seabed minerals, phosphate", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "the majority of the population lives in the coastal areas of the high islands; the mountainous interior is largely uninhabited; less than half of the population lives in urban areas", "display": "the majority of the population lives in the coastal areas of the high islands; the mountainous interior is largely uninhabited; less than half of the population lives in urban are…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 99,603 (2024 est.) | male: 48,708 | female: 50,895", "display": "total: 99,603 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 99603.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "-0.77% (2025 est.)", "display": "-0.77% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": -0.0077, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 23.4% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 1.52% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 23.4% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "English (official and common language), Chuukese, Kosrean, Pohnpeian, Yapese, Ulithian, Woleaian, Nukuoro, Kapingamarangi", "display": "English (official and common language), Chuukese, Kosrean, Pohnpeian, Yapese, Ulithian, Woleaian, Nukuoro, Kapingamarangi", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Roman Catholic 54.7%, Protestant 41.1% (includes Congregational 38.5%, Baptist 1.1%, Seventh Day Adventist 0.8%, Assembly of God 0.7%), Church of Jesus Christ 1.5%, other 1.9%, none 0.7%, unspecified 0.1% (2010 est.)", "display": "Roman Catholic 54.7%, Protestant 41.1% (includes Congregational 38.5%, Baptist 1.1%, Seventh Day Adventist 0.8%, Assembly of God 0.7%), Church of Jesus Christ 1.5%, other 1.9%, no…", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2010 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 75 years (2024 est.) | male: 72.9 years | female: 77.2 years", "display": "total population: 75 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 75.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 28.7 years (2025 est.) | male: 27.3 years | female: 29.1 years", "display": "total: 28.7 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "7,000 PALIKIR (capital) (2018)", "display": "7,000 PALIKIR (capital) (2018)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Federated States of Micronesia | conventional short form: none | local long form: Federated States of Micronesia | local short form: none | former: New Philippines; Caroline Islands; Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, Ponape, Truk, and Yap Districts | abbreviation: FSM | etymology: the name is a 19th-century construct of two Greek words, mikros (small) and nesoi (islands), and refers to its thousands of small islands in the western Pacific Ocean", "display": "conventional long form: Federated States of Micronesia", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Palikir | geographic coordinates: 6 55 N, 158 09 E | time difference: UTC+11 (16 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | time zone note: Micronesia has two time zones | note: Palikir became the new capital of the country in 1989, three years after independence; Kolonia, the former capital, remains the site for many foreign embassies; it also serves as the Pohnpei state capital", "display": "name: Palikir", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1989 }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "federal republic in free association with the US", "display": "federal republic in free association with the US", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "mixed system of common and customary law", "display": "mixed system of common and customary law", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: drafted June 1975, ratified 1 October 1978, entered into force 10 May 1979 | amendment process: proposed by Congress, by a constitutional convention, or by public petition; passage requires approval by at least three-fourths majority vote in at least three fourths of the states | note: at least every ten years, voters are asked as part of a general or special election whether to hold a constitution convention; a majority of affirmative votes is required to proceed", "display": "history: drafted June 1975, ratified 1 October 1978, entered into force 10 May 1979", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1975 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "4 states; Chuuk (Truk), Kosrae (Kosaie), Pohnpei (Ponape), Yap", "display": "4 states; Chuuk (Truk), Kosrae (Kosaie), Pohnpei (Ponape), Yap", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACP, ADB, AOSIS, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IMF, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, WHO, WMO", "display": "ACP, ADB, AOSIS, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IMF, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, WHO, WMO", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "lower middle-income Pacific island economy; US aid reliance, sunsetting in 2024; low entrepreneurship; mostly fishing and farming; US dollar user; no patent laws; tourism remains underdeveloped; significant corruption", "display": "lower middle-income Pacific island economy; US aid reliance, sunsetting in 2024; low entrepreneurship; mostly fishing and farming; US dollar user; no patent laws; tourism remains…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$432.679 million (2024 est.) | $429.59 million (2023 est.) | $427.529 million (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$432.679 million (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 0.432679, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$3,800 (2024 est.) | $3,800 (2023 est.) | $3,800 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$3,800 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 3800.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "0.7% (2024 est.) | 0.5% (2023 est.) | -2.9% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "0.7% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "5.4% (2022 est.) | 3.2% (2021 est.) | 0.6% (2020 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "5.4% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.054000000000000006, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "tourism, construction; specialized aquaculture, craft items (shell and wood)", "display": "tourism, construction; specialized aquaculture, craft items (shell and wood)", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "coconuts, cassava, vegetables, sweet potatoes, bananas, pork, plantains, fruits, beef, eggs (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "coconuts, cassava, vegetables, sweet potatoes, bananas, pork, plantains, fruits, beef, eggs (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "fish, diamonds, garments (2023) | note: top export commodities based on value in dollars over $500,000", "display": "fish, diamonds, garments (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "poultry, fish, plastic products, cars, prepared meat (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "poultry, fish, plastic products, cars, prepared meat (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 41% (2022 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 41% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.41, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 7,000 (2022 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 6 (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 7,000 (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 7000.0, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 85.3% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 98.6% | electrification - rural areas: 79.4%", "display": "electrification - total population: 85.3% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "7 (2025)", "display": "7 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 4 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 1 | very small: 3 | ports with oil terminals: 3 | key ports: Colonia, Lele Harbor, Moen, Pohnpei Harbor", "display": "total ports: 4 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 38 (2023) | by type: general cargo 17, oil tanker 4, other 17", "display": "total: 38 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "overfishing; sea-level rise; water and toxic pollution from mining; solid waste disposal", "display": "overfishing; sea-level rise; water and toxic pollution from mining; solid waste disposal", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "121,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 121,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "121,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of th…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/micronesia-federated-states-of.json" }, { "entity_id": "moldova", "name": "Moldova", "source_code": "MD", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Europe", "roadmap_country": "Moldova", "coverage_region": "Europe", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 142, "published_fact_count": 50, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 3578930.0, "area_sq_km": 33851.0, "capital": "Chisinau in Romanian (Kishinev in Russian)", "government_type": "parliamentary republic", "life_expectancy_years": 70.1, "urban_population_percent": 43.4, "internet_users_percent": 80.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 16500.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": true }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "A large portion of present-day Moldovan territory became a province of the Russian Empire in 1812 and then unified with Romania in 1918 in the aftermath of World War I. This territory was then incorporated into the Soviet Union at the close of World War II. Although Moldova has been independent from the Soviet Union since 1991, Russian forces have remained on Moldovan territory east of the Nistru River in the breakaway region of Transnistria. | Years of Communist Party rule in Moldova from 2001 to 2009 ultimately ended with election-related violent protests and a rerun of parliamentary elections in 2009. A series of pro-Europe ruling coalitions governed Moldova from 2010 to 2019, but pro-Russia candidate Igor DODON won the presidency in 2016, and his Socialist Party of the Republic of Moldova won a plurality in the legislative election in 2019. Pro-EU reformist candidate Maia SANDU defeated DODON in his reelection bid in 2020, and SANDU's Party of Action and Solidarity won a parliamentary majority in an early legislative election in 2021. Prime Minister Natalia GAVRILITA and her cabinet took office in 2021. In early 2023, Moldova's parliament confirmed a new cabinet led by Prime Minister Dorin RECEAN, which retained the majority of the former ministers.", "display": "A large portion of present-day Moldovan territory became a province of the Russian Empire in 1812 and then unified with Romania in 1918 in the aftermath of World War I. This terri…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1918 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Eastern Europe, northeast of Romania", "display": "Eastern Europe, northeast of Romania", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Europe", "display": "Europe", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 33,851 sq km | land: 32,891 sq km | water: 960 sq km", "display": "total : 33,851 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 33851.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "0 km (landlocked)", "display": "0 km (landlocked)", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "rolling steppe, gradual slope south to Black Sea", "display": "rolling steppe, gradual slope south to Black Sea", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "moderate winters, warm summers", "display": "moderate winters, warm summers", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Dealul Balanesti 430 m | lowest point: Dniester (Nistru) 2 m | mean elevation: 139 m", "display": "highest point: Dealul Balanesti 430 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "landslides", "display": "landslides", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "lignite, phosphorites, gypsum, limestone, arable land", "display": "lignite, phosphorites, gypsum, limestone, arable land", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "pockets of agglomeration exist throughout the country, with the largest in the center of the country around the capital of Chisinau, followed by Tiraspol and Balti", "display": "pockets of agglomeration exist throughout the country, with the largest in the center of the country around the capital of Chisinau, followed by Tiraspol and Balti", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 3,578,930 (2025 est.) | male: 1,687,496 | female: 1,891,434", "display": "total: 3,578,930 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 3578930.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "-0.57% (2025 est.)", "display": "-0.57% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": -0.005699999999999999, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 43.4% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.09% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 43.4% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Moldovan/Romanian 80.2% (official) (56.7% Moldovan; 23.5% Romanian), Russian 9.7%, Gagauz 4.2% (a Turkish language), Ukrainian 3.9%, Bulgarian 1.5%, Romani 0.3%, other 0.2% (2014) | major-language sample(s): | Cartea informativa a lumii, sursa indispensabila pentru informatii de baza. (Moldovan/Romanian) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. | note: data represent mother tongue; as of March 2023, \"Romanian\" replaced \"Moldovan\" as the name of Moldova's official language", "display": "Moldovan/Romanian 80.2% (official) (56.7% Moldovan; 23.5% Romanian), Russian 9.7%, Gagauz 4.2% (a Turkish language), Ukrainian 3.9%, Bulgarian 1.5%, Romani 0.3%, other 0.2% (2014)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2014 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Orthodox 90.1%, other Christian 2.6%, other 0.1%, agnostic <0.1%, atheist 0.2%, unspecified 6.9% (2014 est.)", "display": "Orthodox 90.1%, other Christian 2.6%, other 0.1%, agnostic <0.1%, atheist 0.2%, unspecified 6.9% (2014 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2014 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 70.1 years (2024 est.) | male: 66.1 years | female: 74.4 years", "display": "total population: 70.1 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 70.1, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 40.4 years (2025 est.) | male: 38.6 years | female: 41.3 years", "display": "total: 40.4 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "488,000 CHISINAU (capital) (2023)", "display": "488,000 CHISINAU (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 15 years (2023 est.) | male: 15 years (2023 est.) | female: 15 years (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 15 years (2023 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Moldova | conventional short form: Moldova | local long form: Republica Moldova | local short form: Moldova | former: Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic, Moldovan Soviet Socialist Republic | etymology: named for the Moldova River in neighboring eastern Romania; 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Constitutional Court reviews legislative acts", "display": "civil law system with Germanic law influences; Constitutional Court reviews legislative acts", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: previous 1978; latest adopted 29 July 1994, effective 27 August 1994 | amendment process: proposed by voter petition (at least 200,000 eligible voters), by at least one third of Parliament members, or by the government; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of Parliament within one year of initial proposal; revisions to constitutional articles on sovereignty, independence, and neutrality require majority vote by referendum; articles on fundamental rights and freedoms cannot be amended", "display": "history: previous 1978; latest adopted 29 July 1994, effective 27 August 1994", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1978 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "32 districts ( raioane , singular - raion ), 3 municipalities ( municipii , singular - municipiul ), 1 autonomous territorial unit ( unitatea teritoriala autonoma ), and 1 territorial unit ( unitatea teritoriala ) | districts: Anenii Noi, Basarabeasca, Briceni, Cahul, Cantemir, Calarasi, Causeni, Cimislia, Criuleni, Donduseni, Drochia, Dubasari, Edinet, Falesti, Floresti, Glodeni, Hincesti, Ialoveni, Leova, Nisporeni, Ocnita, Orhei, Rezina, Riscani, Singerei, Soldanesti, Soroca, Stefan Voda, Straseni, Taraclia, Telenesti, Ungheni | municipalities: Balti, Bender, Chisinau | autonomous territorial unit: Gagauzia | territorial unit: Stinga Nistrului (Transnistria)", "display": "32 districts ( raioane , singular - raion ), 3 municipalities ( municipii , singular - municipiul ), 1 autonomous territorial unit ( unitatea teritoriala autonoma ), and 1 territo…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "BSEC, CD, CE, CEI, CIS, EAEU (observer), EAPC, EBRD, FAO, GCTU, GUAM, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO | note : Moldova is an EU candidate country whose satisfactory completion of accession criteria is required before being granted full EU membership", "display": "BSEC, CD, CE, CEI, CIS, EAEU (observer), EAPC, EBRD, FAO, GCTU, GUAM, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "upper middle-income Eastern European economy; 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extensive soil erosion and declining soil fertility from farming methods", "display": "soil and water pollution from heavy use of agricultural chemicals; extensive soil erosion and declining soil fertility from farming methods", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "7.093 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 219,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 3.087 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 3.786 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "7.093 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "12.27 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "12.27 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 160 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 583 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 55 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 160 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol", "display": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/moldova.json" }, { "entity_id": "monaco", "name": "Monaco", "source_code": "MC", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Europe", "roadmap_country": "Monaco", "coverage_region": "Europe", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 103, "published_fact_count": 44, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 32047.0, "area_sq_km": 2.0, "capital": "Monaco", "government_type": "constitutional monarchy", "life_expectancy_years": 89.8, "urban_population_percent": 100.0, "internet_users_percent": 99.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 270100.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "The Genoese built a fortress on the site of present-day Monaco in 1215. The current ruling GRIMALDI family first seized control in 1297 but was not able to permanently secure its holding until 1419. Economic development was spurred in the late 19th century with a railroad linkup to France and the opening of a casino. Since then, the principality's mild climate, coastal Mediterranean scenery, and gambling facilities have made Monaco world-famous as a tourist and recreation center.", "display": "The Genoese built a fortress on the site of present-day Monaco in 1215. The current ruling GRIMALDI family first seized control in 1297 but was not able to permanently secure its…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Western Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea on the southern coast of France, near the border with Italy", "display": "Western Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea on the southern coast of France, near the border with Italy", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Europe", "display": "Europe", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 2 sq km | land: 2 sq km | water: 0 sq km", "display": "total : 2 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 2.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "4.1 km", "display": "4.1 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "hilly, rugged, rocky", "display": "hilly, rugged, rocky", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers", "display": "Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Chemin des Revoires on Mont Agel 162 m | lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m", "display": "highest point: Chemin des Revoires on Mont Agel 162 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "none", "display": "none", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "none", "display": "none", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "the second most densely populated country in the world (after Macau); its entire population lives on 2 sq km (0.8 sq mi)", "display": "the second most densely populated country in the world (after Macau); its entire population lives on 2 sq km (0.8 sq mi)", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 32,047 (2025 est.) | male: 15,467 | female: 16,580", "display": "total: 32,047 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 32047.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.76% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.76% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0076, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 100% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.5% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 100% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque | major-language sample(s): | The World Factbook, une source indispensable d'informations de base. (French) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Roman Catholic 90% (official), other 10%", "display": "Roman Catholic 90% (official), other 10%", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 89.8 years (2024 est.) | male: 86 years | female: 93.7 years", "display": "total population: 89.8 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 89.8, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 57.5 years (2025 est.) | male: 55 years | female: 58.4 years", "display": "total: 57.5 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "39,000 MONACO (capital) (2018)", "display": "39,000 MONACO (capital) (2018)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 21 years (2024 est.) | male: 20 years (2024 est.) | female: 22 years (2024 est.)", "display": "total: 21 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Principality of Monaco | conventional short form: Monaco | local long form: Principauté de Monaco | local short form: Monaco | etymology: founded as a Greek colony in the 6th century B.C., the name's origin is unclear; it could derive from the Greek term monoikos (solitary), the Ligurian word monegu (rock), or the Basque word muno (mountain)", "display": "conventional long form: Principality of Monaco", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Monaco | geographic coordinates: 43 44 N, 7 25 E | time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October | etymology: founded as a Greek colony in the 6th century B.C., the name's origin is unclear; it could derive from the Greek term monoikos (solitary), the Ligurian word monegu (rock), or the Basque word muno (mountain)", "display": "name: Monaco", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "constitutional monarchy", "display": "constitutional monarchy", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law system influenced by French legal tradition", "display": "civil law system influenced by French legal tradition", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: previous 1911 (suspended 1959); latest adopted 17 December 1962 | amendment process: proposed by joint agreement of the chief of state (the prince) and the National Council; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of National Council members", "display": "history: previous 1911 (suspended 1959); latest adopted 17 December 1962", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1911 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US government, but 4 quarters ( quartiers , singular - quartier ); Fontvieille, La Condamine, Monaco-Ville, Monte-Carlo | note: Moneghetti, part of La Condamine, is sometimes called the fifth quarter of Monaco", "display": "no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US government, but 4 quarters ( quartiers , singular - quartier ); Fontvieille, La Condamine, Monaco-Ville, Monte-Carlo", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "CD, CE, FAO, IAEA, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IFRCS, IHO, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITSO, ITU, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, OSCE, Schengen Convention (de facto member), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO", "display": "CD, CE, FAO, IAEA, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IFRCS, IHO, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITSO, ITU, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, OSCE, Schengen Convention (de facto memb…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "high-income European economy; non-EU euro user; considered a tax haven; tourism and banking are largest sectors; negatively impacted by COVID-19; major oceanographic museum; among most expensive real estate; major state-owned enterprises", "display": "high-income European economy; non-EU euro user; considered a tax haven; tourism and banking are largest sectors; negatively impacted by COVID-19; major oceanographic museum; among…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$8.924 billion (2024 est.) | $8.749 billion (2023 est.) | $8.329 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2015 dollars", "display": "$8.924 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 8.924, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$270,100 (2024 est.) | $256,600 (2023 est.) | $226,100 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2015 dollars", "display": "$270,100 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 270100.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "5% (2023 est.) | 11% (2022 est.) | 22.2% (2021 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "5% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "5.9% (2022 est.) | 2.1% (2021 est.) | 0.5% (2020 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "5.9% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.059000000000000004, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "banking, insurance, tourism, construction, small-scale industrial and consumer products", "display": "banking, insurance, tourism, construction, small-scale industrial and consumer products", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "none", "display": "none", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "jewelry, perfumes, watches, packaged medicines, cars (2021) | top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "jewelry, perfumes, watches, packaged medicines, cars (2021)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "jewelry, cars and vehicle parts, recreational boats, plastic products, artwork (2021)", "display": "jewelry, cars and vehicle parts, recreational boats, plastic products, artwork (2021)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 99% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 99% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.99, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 22,000 (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 56 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 22,000 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 22000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 1 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 0 | very small: 1 | ports with oil terminals: 0 | key ports: Monaco", "display": "total ports: 1 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "note: Monaco has a single railway station but does not operate its own train service; the French operator SNCF operates rail services in Monaco", "display": "note: Monaco has a single railway station but does not operate its own train service; the French operator SNCF operates rail services in Monaco", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 1", "display": "total: 1", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 10 million cubic meters (2020 est.) | industrial: 0 cubic meters (2017 est.) | agricultural: 0 cubic meters (2017 est.)", "display": "municipal: 10 million cubic meters (2020 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic Treaty, Biod…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/monaco.json" }, { "entity_id": "mongolia", "name": "Mongolia", "source_code": "MN", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Asia", "roadmap_country": "Mongolia", "coverage_region": "Asia", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 145, "published_fact_count": 51, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 3281676.0, "area_sq_km": 1564116.0, "capital": "Ulaanbaatar", "government_type": "semi-presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 71.9, "urban_population_percent": 69.1, "internet_users_percent": 83.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 16800.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": true }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "The peoples of Mongolia have a long history under a number of nomadic empires dating back to the Xiongnu in the 4th century B.C., and the name Mongol goes back to at least the 11th century A.D. The most famous Mongol, TEMÜÜJIN (aka Genghis Khan), emerged as the ruler of all Mongols in the early 1200s. By the time of his death in 1227, he had created through conquest a Mongol Empire that extended across much of Eurasia. His descendants, including ÖGÖDEI and KHUBILAI (aka Kublai Khan), continued to conquer Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and the rest of China, where KHUBILAI established the Yuan Dynasty in the 1270s. The Mongols attempted to invade Japan and Java before their empire broke apart in the 14th century. In the 17th century, Mongolia fell under the rule of the Manchus of the Chinese Qing Dynasty. After Manchu rule collapsed in 1911, Mongolia declared independence, finally winning it in 1921 with help from the Soviet Union. Mongolia became a socialist state (the Mongolian People’s Republic) in 1924. Until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1989, Mongolia was a Soviet satellite state and relied heavily on economic, military, and political assistance from Moscow. The period was also marked by purges, political repression, economic stagnation, and tensions with China. | Mongolia peacefully transitioned to an independent democracy in 1990. In 1992, it adopted a new constitution and established a free-market economy. Since the country's transition, it has conducted a series of successful presidential and legislative elections. Throughout the period, the ex-communist Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party -- which took the name Mongolian People’s Party (MPP) in 2010 -- has competed for political power with the Democratic Party and several other smaller parties. For most of its democratic history, Mongolia has had a divided government, with the presidency and the parliamentary majority held by different parties but that changed in 2021, when the MPP won the presidency after having secured a supermajority in parliament in 2020. Mongolia’s June 2021 presidential election delivered a decisive victory for MPP candidate Ukhnaagiin KHURELSUKH. | Mongolia maintains close cultural, political, and military ties with Russia, while China is its largest economic partner. Mongolia’s foreign relations are focused on preserving its autonomy by balancing relations with China and Russia, as well as its other major partners, Japan, South Korea, and the US.", "display": "The peoples of Mongolia have a long history under a number of nomadic empires dating back to the Xiongnu in the 4th century B.C., and the name Mongol goes back to at least the 11t…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1911 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Northern Asia, between China and Russia", "display": "Northern Asia, between China and Russia", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Asia", "display": "Asia", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 1,564,116 sq km | land: 1,553,556 sq km | water: 10,560 sq km", "display": "total : 1,564,116 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 1564116.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "0 km (landlocked)", "display": "0 km (landlocked)", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "vast semidesert and desert plains, grassy steppe, mountains in west and southwest; Gobi Desert in south-central", "display": "vast semidesert and desert plains, grassy steppe, mountains in west and southwest; Gobi Desert in south-central", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "desert; continental (large daily and seasonal temperature ranges)", "display": "desert; continental (large daily and seasonal temperature ranges)", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Nayramadlin Orgil (Khuiten Peak) 4,374 m | lowest point: Hoh Nuur 560 m | mean elevation: 1,528 m", "display": "highest point: Nayramadlin Orgil (Khuiten Peak) 4,374 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "dust storms; grassland and forest fires; drought; \"zud,\" which is harsh winter conditions", "display": "dust storms; grassland and forest fires; drought; \"zud,\" which is harsh winter conditions", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "oil, coal, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, phosphates, tin, nickel, zinc, fluorspar, gold, silver, iron", "display": "oil, coal, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, phosphates, tin, nickel, zinc, fluorspar, gold, silver, iron", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "population sparsely distributed throughout the country; the capital of Ulaanbaatar and the northern city of Darhan support the highest population densities", "display": "population sparsely distributed throughout the country; the capital of Ulaanbaatar and the northern city of Darhan support the highest population densities", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 3,281,676 (2024 est.) | male: 1,595,596 | female: 1,686,080", "display": "total: 3,281,676 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 3281676.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.08% (2025 est.)", "display": "1.08% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0108, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 69.1% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 1.4% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 69.1% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Mongolian 90% (official, Khalkha dialect is predominant), Turkic, Russian (1999) | major-language sample(s): | Дэлхийн баримтат ном, үндсэн мэдээллийн зайлшгүй эх сурвалж. (Mongolian) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Mongolian 90% (official, Khalkha dialect is predominant), Turkic, Russian (1999)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1999 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Buddhist 51.8%, no religion 40.6%, Muslim 3.2%, Shaman 2.5%, Christian 1.3%, Other 0.6% (2020 est.)", "display": "Buddhist 51.8%, no religion 40.6%, Muslim 3.2%, Shaman 2.5%, Christian 1.3%, Other 0.6% (2020 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 71.9 years (2024 est.) | male: 67.8 years | female: 76.3 years", "display": "total population: 71.9 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 71.9, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 28.8 years (2025 est.) | male: 30.1 years | female: 32.8 years", "display": "total: 28.8 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.673 million ULAANBAATAR (capital) (2023)", "display": "1.673 million ULAANBAATAR (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 98.6% (2023 est.) | male: 98.3% (2023 est.) | female: 98.9% (2023 est.)", "display": "total population: 98.6% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 14 years (2023 est.) | male: 13 years (2023 est.) | female: 14 years (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 14 years (2023 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: none | conventional short form: Mongolia | local long form: none | local short form: Mongol Uls | former: Outer Mongolia, Mongolian People's Republic | etymology: name comes from the Mongol people, whose name derives from the Mongol root word mengu or mongu , meaning \"brave\" or \"unconquered;\" the Mongolian name Mongol Uls translates as \"Mongol State\"", "display": "conventional long form: none", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Ulaanbaatar | geographic coordinates: 47 55 N, 106 55 E | time difference: UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Saturday in March; ends last Saturday in September | time zone note: Mongolia has two time zones - Ulaanbaatar Time (8 hours in advance of UTC) and Hovd Time (7 hours in advance of UTC) | etymology: the name means \"red hero\" in Mongolian and honors national hero Damdin SUKHBAATAR, leader of the partisan army that, with Soviet help, liberated Mongolia from Chinese occupation in the early 1920s", "display": "name: Ulaanbaatar", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "semi-presidential republic", "display": "semi-presidential republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law system influenced by Soviet and Romano-Germanic systems; constitution ambiguous on judicial review of legislative acts", "display": "civil law system influenced by Soviet and Romano-Germanic systems; constitution ambiguous on judicial review of legislative acts", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: several previous; latest adopted 13 January 1992, effective 12 February 1992 | amendment process: proposed by the State Great Hural, by the president of the republic, by the government, or by petition submitted to the State Great Hural by the Constitutional Court; conducting referenda on proposed amendments requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the State Great Hural; passage of amendments by the State Great Hural requires at least three-quarters majority vote; passage by referendum requires majority participation of qualified voters and a majority of votes", "display": "history: several previous; latest adopted 13 January 1992, effective 12 February 1992", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1992 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "21 provinces ( aymguud , singular - aymag ) and 1 municipality* ( hot ); Arhangay, Bayanhongor, Bayan-Olgiy, Bulgan, Darhan-Uul, Dornod, Dornogovi, Dundgovi, Dzavhan (Zavkhan), Govi-Altay, Govisumber, Hentiy, Hovd, Hovsgol, Omnogovi, Orhon, Ovorhangay, Selenge, Suhbaatar, Tov, Ulaanbaatar*, Uvs", "display": "21 provinces ( aymguud , singular - aymag ) and 1 municipality* ( hot ); Arhangay, Bayanhongor, Bayan-Olgiy, Bulgan, Darhan-Uul, Dornod, Dornogovi, Dundgovi, Dzavhan (Zavkhan), Go…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ADB, ARF, CD, CICA, CP, EBRD, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MINURSO, MONUSCO, NAM, OPCW, OSCE, SCO (observer), UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMISS, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ADB, ARF, CD, CICA, CP, EBRD, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, I…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "lower middle-income East Asian economy; large human capital improvements over last 3 decades; agricultural and natural resource rich; export and consumption-led growth; high inflation due to supply bottlenecks and increased food and energy prices; currency depreciation", "display": "lower middle-income East Asian economy; large human capital improvements over last 3 decades; agricultural and natural resource rich; export and consumption-led growth; high infla…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$59.221 billion (2024 est.) | $56.474 billion (2023 est.) | $52.572 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$59.221 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 59.221, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$16,800 (2024 est.) | $16,200 (2023 est.) | $15,300 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$16,800 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 16800.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "4.9% (2024 est.) | 7.4% (2023 est.) | 5% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "4.9% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "6.8% (2024 est.) | 10.3% (2023 est.) | 15.1% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "6.8% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.068, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "5.5% (2024 est.) | 5.6% (2023 est.) | 6.3% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "5.5% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.055, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "construction and construction materials; mining (coal, copper, molybdenum, fluorspar, tin, tungsten, gold); oil; food and beverages; processing of animal products, cashmere and natural fiber manufacturing", "display": "construction and construction materials; mining (coal, copper, molybdenum, fluorspar, tin, tungsten, gold); oil; food and beverages; processing of animal products, cashmere and na…", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "milk, wheat, lamb/mutton, potatoes, beef, carrots/turnips, goat milk, goat meat, bison milk, horse meat (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "milk, wheat, lamb/mutton, potatoes, beef, carrots/turnips, goat milk, goat meat, bison milk, horse meat (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "coal, copper ore, gold, iron ore, crude petroleum (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "coal, copper ore, gold, iron ore, crude petroleum (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "cars, trucks, trailers, tractors, construction vehicles (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "cars, trucks, trailers, tractors, construction vehicles (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 83% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 83% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.83, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 499,000 (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 15 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 499,000 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 499000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 90.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 2.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 6.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 0.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 90.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "67.132 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "67.132 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "37 (2025)", "display": "37 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 1,815 km (2017) | broad gauge: 1,815 km (2017) 1.520-m gauge | note: national operator Ulaanbaatar Railway is jointly owned by the Mongolian Government and by the Russian State Railway", "display": "total: 1,815 km (2017)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2017 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 318 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 8, container ship 8, general cargo 151, oil tanker 58, other 93", "display": "total: 318 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "limited natural freshwater resources in some areas; air pollution from coal-burning power plants and lax regulations in Ulaanbaatar; soil erosion from deforestation and overgrazing; water pollution; desertification; effects from mining", "display": "limited natural freshwater resources in some areas; air pollution from coal-burning power plants and lax regulations in Ulaanbaatar; soil erosion from deforestation and overgrazin…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "19.203 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 13.489 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 5.714 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "19.203 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "34.8 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "34.8 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 45.3 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 166.2 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 250.9 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 45.3 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangere…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/mongolia.json" }, { "entity_id": "montenegro", "name": "Montenegro", "source_code": "ME", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Europe", "roadmap_country": "Montenegro", "coverage_region": "Europe", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 143, "published_fact_count": 51, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 599849.0, "area_sq_km": 13812.0, "capital": "Podgorica", "government_type": "parliamentary republic", "life_expectancy_years": 78.2, "urban_population_percent": 68.5, "internet_users_percent": 90.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 27900.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "The use of the name Crna Gora or Black Mountain (Montenegro) began in the 13th century in reference to a highland region in the Serbian province of Zeta. Under Ottoman control beginning in 1496, Montenegro was a semi-autonomous theocracy ruled by a series of bishop princes until 1852, when it became a secular principality. Montenegro fought a series of wars with the Ottomans and eventually won recognition as an independent sovereign principality at the Congress of Berlin in 1878. In 1918, the country was absorbed by the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, which became the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929. At the end of World War II, Montenegro joined the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY). When the SFRY dissolved in 1992, Montenegro and Serbia created the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY), which shifted in 2003 to a looser State Union of Serbia and Montenegro. Montenegro voted to restore its independence on 3 June 2006. Montenegro became an official EU candidate in 2010 and joined NATO in 2017.", "display": "The use of the name Crna Gora or Black Mountain (Montenegro) began in the 13th century in reference to a highland region in the Serbian province of Zeta. Under Ottoman control beg…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1918 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southeastern Europe, between the Adriatic Sea and Serbia", "display": "Southeastern Europe, between the Adriatic Sea and Serbia", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Europe", "display": "Europe", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 13,812 sq km | land: 13,452 sq km | water: 360 sq km", "display": "total : 13,812 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 13812.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "293.5 km", "display": "293.5 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highly indented coastline with narrow coastal plain backed by rugged high limestone mountains and plateaus", "display": "highly indented coastline with narrow coastal plain backed by rugged high limestone mountains and plateaus", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Mediterranean climate, hot dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfalls inland", "display": "Mediterranean climate, hot dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfalls inland", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Zia Kolata 2,534 m | lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m | mean elevation: 1,086 m", "display": "highest point: Zia Kolata 2,534 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "destructive earthquakes", "display": "destructive earthquakes", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "bauxite, hydroelectricity", "display": "bauxite, hydroelectricity", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest population density is concentrated in the south and southwest; the extreme eastern border is the least populated area", "display": "highest population density is concentrated in the south and southwest; the extreme eastern border is the least populated area", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 599,849 (2024 est.) | male: 294,482 | female: 305,367", "display": "total: 599,849 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 599849.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "-0.46% (2025 est.)", "display": "-0.46% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": -0.0046, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 68.5% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.45% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 68.5% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Serbian 42.9%, Montenegrin (official) 37%, Bosnian 5.3%, Albanian 5.3%, Serbo-Croat 2%, other 3.5%, unspecified 4% (2011 est.) | major-language sample(s): | Knjiga svetskih činjenica, neophodan izvor osnovnih informacija. (Serbian) | Knjiga svjetskih činjenica, neophodan izvor osnovnih informacija. (Montenegrin/Bosnian) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Serbian 42.9%, Montenegrin (official) 37%, Bosnian 5.3%, Albanian 5.3%, Serbo-Croat 2%, other 3.5%, unspecified 4% (2011 est.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2011 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Orthodox 72.1%, Muslim 19.1%, Catholic 3.4%, atheist 1.2%, other 1.5%, unspecified 2.6% (2011 est.)", "display": "Orthodox 72.1%, Muslim 19.1%, Catholic 3.4%, atheist 1.2%, other 1.5%, unspecified 2.6% (2011 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2011 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 78.2 years (2024 est.) | male: 75.8 years | female: 80.7 years", "display": "total population: 78.2 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 78.2, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 41.5 years (2025 est.) | male: 39.5 years | female: 42.5 years", "display": "total: 41.5 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "177,000 PODGORICA (capital) (2018)", "display": "177,000 PODGORICA (capital) (2018)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 98.5% (2018 est.) | male: 99.2% (2018 est.) | female: 97.9% (2018 est.)", "display": "total population: 98.5% (2018 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 16 years (2023 est.) | male: 15 years (2023 est.) | female: 16 years (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 16 years (2023 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: none | conventional short form: Montenegro | local long form: none | local short form: Crna Gora | former: People's Republic of Montenegro, Socialist Republic of Montenegro, Republic of Montenegro | etymology: the name in Italian means \"dark mountain\" and is a translation of the Serbo-Croatian name Crna Gora; both refer to the dark coniferous forests in 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"estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law", "display": "civil law", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: several previous; latest adopted 22 October 2007 | amendment process: proposed by the president of Montenegro, by the government, or by at least 25 members of the Assembly; passage of draft proposals requires two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly, followed by a public hearing; passage of draft amendments requires two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly; changes to certain constitutional articles, such as sovereignty, state symbols, citizenship, and constitutional change procedures, require three-fifths majority vote in a referendum", "display": "history: several previous; latest adopted 22 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EAPC, EBRD, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, OAS (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO | note: Montenegro is an EU candidate country whose satisfactory completion of accession criteria is required before being granted full EU membership", "display": "CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs)…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "upper-middle-income, small Balkan economy; uses euro as de facto currency; reduced growth due to slowdown in tourism and industrial production; new impetus for EU accession under Europe Now government; energy price cap and declining food and services prices easing inflation rate", "display": "upper-middle-income, small Balkan economy; uses euro as de facto currency; reduced growth due to slowdown in tourism and industrial production; new impetus for EU accession under…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$17.375 billion (2024 est.) | $16.862 billion (2023 est.) | $15.857 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$17.375 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 17.375, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$27,900 (2024 est.) | $27,000 (2023 est.) | $25,400 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$27,900 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 27900.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3% (2024 est.) | 6.3% (2023 est.) | 6.4% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "3% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3.3% (2024 est.) | 8.6% (2023 est.) | 13% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "3.3% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.033, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "14.1% (2024 est.) | 14.7% (2023 est.) | 14.9% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "14.1% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.141, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "steelmaking, aluminum, agricultural processing, consumer goods, tourism", "display": "steelmaking, aluminum, agricultural processing, consumer goods, tourism", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "milk, potatoes, watermelons, grapes, sheep milk, cabbages, oranges, eggs, goat milk, figs (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "milk, potatoes, watermelons, grapes, sheep milk, cabbages, oranges, eggs, goat milk, figs (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "electricity, aluminum, copper ore, aluminum ore, packaged medicine (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "electricity, aluminum, copper ore, aluminum ore, packaged medicine (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, cars, electricity, packaged medicine, aluminum (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, cars, electricity, packaged medicine, aluminum (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 90% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 90% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.9, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 203,000 (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 32 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 203,000 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 203000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 39.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 0.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 7.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 53% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 39.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "63.407 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "63.407 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "5 (2025)", "display": "5 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 4 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 1 | very small: 3 | ports with oil terminals: 1 | key ports: Bar, Kotor, Risan, Tivat", "display": "total ports: 4 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 250 km (2017) | standard gauge: 250 km (2017) 1.435-m gauge (224 km electrified)", "display": "total: 250 km (2017)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2017 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 18 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 4, other 14", "display": "total: 18 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "pollution of coastal waters from sewage outlets; serious air pollution in some cities from lignite power plants and household use of coal and wood for heating", "display": "pollution of coastal waters from sewage outlets; serious air pollution in some cities from lignite power plants and household use of coal and wood for heating", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "2.808 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 1.543 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 1.265 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "2.808 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 121.32 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 2.079 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 6.76 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 121.32 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/montenegro.json" }, { "entity_id": "montserrat", "name": "Montserrat", "source_code": "MS", "source_entity_class": "dependency-or-territory", "source_region": "Central America and the Caribbean", "roadmap_country": null, "coverage_region": null, "roadmap_status": "additional", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 96, "published_fact_count": 40, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 5468.0, "area_sq_km": 102.0, "capital": "Plymouth", "government_type": "parliamentary democracy; self-governing overseas territory of the UK", "life_expectancy_years": 76.1, "urban_population_percent": 9.3, "internet_users_percent": 54.6, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 19300.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "English and Irish colonists from St. Kitts first settled on Montserrat in 1632; the first African slaves arrived three decades later. The British and French fought for possession of the island for most of the 18th century, but it finally was confirmed as a British possession in 1783. The island's sugar plantation economy was converted to small farm landholdings in the mid-19th century. The Soufriere Hills Volcano erupted in 1995, devastating much of the island; two thirds of the population fled abroad. Montserrat has endured volcanic activity since, with the last eruption occurring in 2013.", "display": "English and Irish colonists from St. Kitts first settled on Montserrat in 1632; the first African slaves arrived three decades later. The British and French fought for possession…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1995 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, southeast of Puerto Rico", "display": "Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, southeast of Puerto Rico", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Central America and the Caribbean", "display": "Central America and the Caribbean", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 102 sq km | land: 102 sq km | water: 0 sq km", "display": "total : 102 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 102.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "40 km", "display": "40 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "volcanic island, mostly mountainous, with small coastal lowland", "display": "volcanic island, mostly mountainous, with small coastal lowland", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical; little daily or seasonal temperature variation", "display": "tropical; little daily or seasonal temperature variation", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Soufriere Hills volcano pre-eruption height was 915 m; current lava dome is subject to periodic build up and collapse; estimated dome height was 1,050 m in 2015 | lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m", "display": "highest point: Soufriere Hills volcano pre-eruption height was 915 m; current lava dome is subject to periodic build up and collapse; estimated dome height was 1,050 m in 2015", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2015 }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "volcanic eruptions; severe hurricanes (June to November) | volcanism: Soufrière Hills volcano (915 m) has erupted continuously since 1995; a massive eruption in 1997 destroyed most of the capital, Plymouth, and made about half of the island uninhabitable; the island of Montserrat is part of the volcanic island arc of the Lesser Antilles that extends from Saba in the north to Grenada in the south", "display": "volcanic eruptions; severe hurricanes (June to November)", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1995 }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "NEGL", "display": "NEGL", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "only the northern half of the island is populated; the southern portion is uninhabitable due to volcanic activity", "display": "only the northern half of the island is populated; the southern portion is uninhabitable due to volcanic activity", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 5,468 (2024 est.) | male: 2,728 | female: 2,740", "display": "total: 5,468 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 5468.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.55% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.55% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0055000000000000005, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 9.3% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.94% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 9.3% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "English", "display": "English", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Protestant 71.4% (includes Anglican 17.7%, Pentecostal/Full Gospel 16.1%, Seventh Day Adventist 15%, Methodist 13.9%, Church of God 6.7%, other Protestant 2%), Roman Catholic 11.4%, Rastafarian 1.4%, Hindu 1.2%, Jehovah's Witness 1%, Muslim 0.4%, other/not stated 5.1%, none 7.9% (2018 est.)", "display": "Protestant 71.4% (includes Anglican 17.7%, Pentecostal/Full Gospel 16.1%, Seventh Day Adventist 15%, Methodist 13.9%, Church of God 6.7%, other Protestant 2%), Roman Catholic 11.4…", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 76.1 years (2024 est.) | male: 76.9 years | female: 75.3 years", "display": "total population: 76.1 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 76.1, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 37.1 years (2025 est.) | male: 35.4 years | female: 37.8 years", "display": "total: 37.1 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: none | conventional short form: Montserrat | etymology: explorer Christopher COLUMBUS named the island in 1493 after the Benedictine abbey Santa Maria de Montserrat, near Barcelona, Spain", "display": "conventional long form: none", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Plymouth | geographic coordinates: 16 42 N, 62 13 W | time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: now entirely deserted because of volcanic activity, the city was named after Plymouth, England | note: Plymouth was abandoned in 1997 because of volcanic activity; interim government buildings have been built at Brades Estate, the de facto capital, at the northwest end of Montserrat", "display": "name: Plymouth", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1997 }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary democracy; self-governing overseas territory of the UK", "display": "parliamentary democracy; self-governing overseas territory of the UK", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "English common law", "display": "English common law", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: previous 1960; latest put into force 20 October 2010 (The Montserrat Constitution Order 2010)", "display": "history: previous 1960; latest put into force 20 October 2010 (The Montserrat Constitution Order 2010)", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1960 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "3 parishes; Saint Anthony, Saint Georges, Saint Peter", "display": "3 parishes; Saint Anthony, Saint Georges, Saint Peter", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "Caricom, CDB, Interpol (subbureau), OECS, UPU", "display": "Caricom, CDB, Interpol (subbureau), OECS, UPU", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "formerly high-income economy; volcanic activity destroyed much of original infrastructure and economy; new capital and port is being developed; key geothermal and solar power generation; key music recording operations", "display": "formerly high-income economy; volcanic activity destroyed much of original infrastructure and economy; new capital and port is being developed; key geothermal and solar power gene…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$89.254 million (2024 est.) | $86.875 million (2023 est.) | $80.972 million (2022 est.) | note: data in 2015 dollars", "display": "$89.254 million (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 0.089254, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$19,300 (2024 est.) | $18,200 (2023 est.) | $16,200 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2015 dollars", "display": "$19,300 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 19300.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "4% (2022 est.) | 1.7% (2021 est.) | -1.9% (2020 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "4% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.04, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "tourism, rum, textiles, electronic appliances", "display": "tourism, rum, textiles, electronic appliances", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "cabbages, carrots, cucumbers, tomatoes, onions, peppers; livestock products", "display": "cabbages, carrots, cucumbers, tomatoes, onions, peppers; livestock products", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "gravel and crushed stone, sand (2023) | note: top export commodities based on value in dollars over $500,000", "display": "gravel and crushed stone, sand (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, electric generating sets, cars, stone processing machines, x-ray equipment (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, electric generating sets, cars, stone processing machines, x-ray equipment (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 54.6% (2011 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 54.6% (2011 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.546, "estimate_year": 2011 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 2,700 (2018 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 55 (2018 est.)", "display": "total: 2,700 (2018 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 2700.0, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2020)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2020)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 87.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 12.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 87.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "1 (2025)", "display": "1 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "land erosion on slopes that have been cleared for cultivation", "display": "land erosion on slopes that have been cleared for cultivation", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "24,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 24,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "24,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/montserrat.json" }, { "entity_id": "morocco", "name": "Morocco", "source_code": "MA", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Africa", "roadmap_country": "Morocco", "coverage_region": "Africa", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 148, "published_fact_count": 51, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 37387585.0, "area_sq_km": 716550.0, "capital": "Rabat", "government_type": "parliamentary constitutional monarchy", "life_expectancy_years": 74.2, "urban_population_percent": 65.1, "internet_users_percent": 91.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 9100.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "In 788, about a century after the Arab conquest of North Africa, a series of Muslim dynasties began to rule in Morocco. In the 16th century, the Sa'adi monarchy, particularly under Ahmad al-MANSUR (1578-1603), repelled foreign invaders and inaugurated a golden age. The Alaouite Dynasty, to which the current Moroccan royal family belongs, dates from the 17th century. In 1860, Spain occupied northern Morocco and ushered in a half-century of trade rivalry among European powers that saw Morocco's sovereignty steadily erode; in 1912, the French imposed a protectorate over the country. A protracted independence struggle with France ended successfully in 1956. The internationalized city of Tangier and most Spanish possessions were turned over to the new country that same year. Sultan MOHAMMED V, the current monarch's grandfather, organized the new state as a constitutional monarchy and in 1957 assumed the title of king. | Since Spain's 1976 withdrawal from Western Sahara, Morocco has extended its de facto administrative control to roughly 75% of this territory; however, the UN does not recognize Morocco as the administering power for Western Sahara. The UN since 1991 has monitored a cease-fire, which broke down in late 2020, between Morocco and the Polisario Front -- an organization advocating the territory’s independence -- and restarted negotiations over the status of the territory in 2018. In 2020, the US recognized Morocco's sovereignty over all of Western Sahara. | In 2011, King MOHAMMED VI responded to the spread of pro-democracy protests in the North Africa region by implementing a reform program that included a new constitution, passed by popular referendum, under which some new powers were extended to parliament and the prime minister, but ultimate authority remains in the hands of the monarch. Later that year, the Justice and Development Party (PJD) -- a moderate Islamist democratic party -- won the largest number of seats in parliamentary elections, becoming the first Islamist party to lead the Moroccan Government. In 2015, Morocco held its first direct elections for regional councils, which was one of the reforms included in the 2011 constitution. The PJD again won the largest number of seats in nationwide parliamentary elections in 2016, but it lost its plurality to the probusiness National Rally of Independents (RNI) in 2021. In 2020, Morocco signed a normalization agreement with Israel, similar to those that Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates, and Sudan had concluded with Israel earlier that year.", "display": "In 788, about a century after the Arab conquest of North Africa, a series of Muslim dynasties began to rule in Morocco. In the 16th century, the Sa'adi monarchy, particularly unde…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1912 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Northern Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, between Algeria and Mauritania", "display": "Northern Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, between Algeria and Mauritania", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Africa", "display": "Africa", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 716,550 sq km | land: 716,300 sq km | water: 250 sq km", "display": "total : 716,550 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 716550.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "2,945 km", "display": "2,945 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mountainous northern coast (Rif Mountains) and interior (Atlas Mountains) bordered by large plateaus with intermontane valleys, and fertile coastal plains; the south is mostly low, flat desert with large areas of rocky or sandy surfaces", "display": "mountainous northern coast (Rif Mountains) and interior (Atlas Mountains) bordered by large plateaus with intermontane valleys, and fertile coastal plains; the south is mostly low…", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Mediterranean in the north, becoming more extreme in the interior; in the south, hot, dry desert; rain is rare; cold offshore air currents produce fog and heavy dew | note: data does not include former Western Sahara", "display": "Mediterranean in the north, becoming more extreme in the interior; in the south, hot, dry desert; rain is rare; cold offshore air currents produce fog and heavy dew", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Jebel Toubkal 4,165 m | lowest point: Sebkha Tah -59 m | mean elevation: 909 m", "display": "highest point: Jebel Toubkal 4,165 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "in the north, the mountains are geologically unstable and subject to earthquakes; periodic droughts; windstorms; flash floods; landslides; in the south, a hot, dry, dust/sand-laden sirocco wind can occur during winter and spring; widespread harmattan haze exists 60% of time, often severely restricting visibility", "display": "in the north, the mountains are geologically unstable and subject to earthquakes; periodic droughts; windstorms; flash floods; landslides; in the south, a hot, dry, dust/sand-lade…", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "phosphates, iron ore, manganese, lead, zinc, fish, salt", "display": "phosphates, iron ore, manganese, lead, zinc, fish, salt", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "the highest population density is found along the Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts; a number of densely populated agglomerations are scattered through the Atlas Mountains, as shown in this population distribution map", "display": "the highest population density is found along the Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts; a number of densely populated agglomerations are scattered through the Atlas Mountains, as sho…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 37,387,585 (2024 est.) | male: 18,664,263 | female: 18,723,322", "display": "total: 37,387,585 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 37387585.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.81% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.81% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.008100000000000001, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 65.1% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 1.88% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) | note: data does not include former Western Sahara", "display": "urban population: 65.1% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Arabic (official), Tamazight languages (Tamazight (official), Tachelhit, Tarifit), French (often the language of business, government, and diplomacy) | major-language sample(s): | كتاب ديال لحقائق متاع العالم، احسن مصدر متاع المعلومات الأساسية (Arabic) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. | note: the proportion of Tamazight speakers is disputed", "display": "Arabic (official), Tamazight languages (Tamazight (official), Tachelhit, Tarifit), French (often the language of business, government, and diplomacy)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Muslim 99% (official; virtually all Sunni, <0.1% Shia), other 1% (includes Christian, Jewish, and Baha'i); note - Jewish about 3,000-3,500 (2020 est.) | note: does not include data from the former Western Sahara", "display": "Muslim 99% (official; virtually all Sunni, <0.1% Shia), other 1% (includes Christian, Jewish, and Baha'i); note - Jewish about 3,000-3,500 (2020 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 74.2 years (2024 est.) | male: 72.5 years | female: 76 years", "display": "total population: 74.2 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 74.2, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 30.9 years (2025 est.) | male: 30.1 years | female: 31 years", "display": "total: 30.9 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "3.893 million Casablanca, 1.959 million RABAT (capital), 1.290 million Fes, 1.314 million Tangier, 1.050 million Marrakech, 979,000 Agadir (2023)", "display": "3.893 million Casablanca, 1.959 million RABAT (capital), 1.290 million Fes, 1.314 million Tangier, 1.050 million Marrakech, 979,000 Agadir (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 15 years (2023 est.) | male: 15 years (2023 est.) | female: 15 years (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 15 years (2023 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Kingdom of Morocco | conventional short form: Morocco | local long form: Al Mamlakah al Maghribiyah | local short form: Al Maghrib | former: French Protectorate in Morocco, Spanish Protectorate in Morocco, Ifni, Spanish Sahara, Western Sahara | etymology: the English name of Morocco derives from, respectively, the Spanish and Portuguese names Marruecos and Marrocos, which stem from Marrakesh, the Latin name for the former capital of ancient Morocco; the Arabic name, Al Maghrib, translates as \"The West\"", "display": "conventional long form: Kingdom of Morocco", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Rabat | geographic coordinates: 34 01 N, 6 49 W | time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: derives from the Arabic name Ribat el-Fath, from the words ribat (fortified monastery) and fath (conquest); the third Almohad sultan, Abu Yusuf Yaqub al-Manṣur, gave the name to a fort on the site in the 12th century", "display": "name: Rabat", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary constitutional monarchy", "display": "parliamentary constitutional monarchy", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "mixed system of civil law based on French civil law and Islamic (sharia) law; Constitutional Court reviews legislative acts", "display": "mixed system of civil law based on French civil law and Islamic (sharia) law; Constitutional Court reviews legislative acts", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: several previous; latest drafted 17 June 2011, approved by referendum 1 July 2011 | amendment process: proposed by the king, by the prime minister, or by members in either chamber of Parliament; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by both chambers and approval in a referendum; the king can opt to submit self-initiated proposals directly to a referendum", "display": "history: several previous; latest drafted 17 June 2011, approved by referendum 1 July 2011", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2011 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "12 regions; Beni Mellal-Khenifra, Casablanca-Settat, Dakhla-Oued Ed-Dahab, Draa-Tafilalet, Fes-Meknes, Guelmim-Oued Noun, Laayoune-Sakia El Hamra, Marrakech-Safi, Oriental, Rabat-Sale-Kenitra, Souss-Massa, Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima | note: effective 10 December 2020, the US government recognizes Morocco's sovereignty over the territory of former Western Sahara", "display": "12 regions; Beni Mellal-Khenifra, Casablanca-Settat, Dakhla-Oued Ed-Dahab, Draa-Tafilalet, Fes-Meknes, Guelmim-Oued Noun, Laayoune-Sakia El Hamra, Marrakech-Safi, Oriental, Rabat-…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AIIB, AMF, AMU, AU, CAEU, CD, EBRD, FAO, G-11, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OIF, OPCW, OSCE (partner), Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club (associate), PCA, SICA (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNOCI, UNOOSA, UNSC (temporary), UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AIIB, AMF, AMU, AU, CAEU, CD, EBRD, FAO, G-11, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, I…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "lower middle-income North African economy; ongoing recovery from recent drought and earthquake; rebounding via tourism, manufacturing, and raw materials processing; significant trade and investment with EU; reform programs include fiscal rebalancing, state enterprise governance and private sector investments", "display": "lower middle-income North African economy; ongoing recovery from recent drought and earthquake; rebounding via tourism, manufacturing, and raw materials processing; significant tr…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$350.594 billion (2024 est.) | $339.603 billion (2023 est.) | $328.425 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$350.594 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 350.594, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$9,100 (2024 est.) | $8,900 (2023 est.) | $8,700 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$9,100 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 9100.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3.2% (2024 est.) | 3.4% (2023 est.) | 1.5% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "3.2% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "1% (2024 est.) | 6.1% (2023 est.) | 6.7% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "1% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.01, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "9% (2024 est.) | 9.1% (2023 est.) | 9.5% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "9% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.09, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "automotive parts, phosphate mining and processing, aerospace, food processing, leather goods, textiles, construction, energy, tourism", "display": "automotive parts, phosphate mining and processing, aerospace, food processing, leather goods, textiles, construction, energy, tourism", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "wheat, milk, potatoes, sugar beets, tomatoes, barley, olives, apples, tangerines/mandarins, onions (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "wheat, milk, potatoes, sugar beets, tomatoes, barley, olives, apples, tangerines/mandarins, onions (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "fertilizers, cars, garments, insulated wire, tomatoes (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "fertilizers, cars, garments, insulated wire, tomatoes (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, cars, vehicle parts/accessories, natural gas, coal (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, cars, vehicle parts/accessories, natural gas, coal (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 91% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 91% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.91, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 2.42 million (2022 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 6 (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 2.42 million (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 2420000.0, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 78.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 15.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 0.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 78.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "23.52 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "23.52 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "48 (2025)", "display": "48 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 12 (2024) | large: 3 | medium: 1 | small: 3 | very small: 5 | ports with oil terminals: 2 | key ports: Agadir, Casablanca, Tanger, Tangier-Mediterranean", "display": "total ports: 12 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 2,067 km (2014) | standard gauge: 2,067 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge (1,022 km electrified)", "display": "total: 2,067 km (2014)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2014 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 94 (2023) | by type: container ship 6, general cargo 5, oil tanker 2, other 81", "display": "total: 94 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "in the north: land degradation and desertification, with soil erosion from farming, overgrazing, and vegetation removal; water and soil pollution from industrial-waste dumping; in the south: desertification; overgrazing; sparse water | note: data does not include former Western Sahara", "display": "in the north: land degradation and desertification, with soil erosion from farming, overgrazing, and vegetation removal; water and soil pollution from industrial-waste dumping; in…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "64.173 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 23.024 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 39.329 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 1.82 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "64.173 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "29 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | note: data does not include former Western Sahara", "display": "29 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 1.063 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 212 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 9.156 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | note: data does not include former Western Sahara", "display": "municipal: 1.063 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardo…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/morocco.json" }, { "entity_id": "mozambique", "name": "Mozambique", "source_code": "MZ", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Africa", "roadmap_country": "Mozambique", "coverage_region": "Africa", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 148, "published_fact_count": 52, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 34206144.0, "area_sq_km": 799380.0, "capital": "Maputo", "government_type": "presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 58.3, "urban_population_percent": 38.8, "internet_users_percent": 20.0, "electricity_access_percent": 33.2, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 1500.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "In the first half of the second millennium A.D., northern Mozambican port towns were frequented by traders from Somalia, Ethiopia, Egypt, Arabia, Persia, and India. The Portuguese were able to wrest much of the coastal trade from Arab Muslims in the centuries after 1500, and they set up their own colonies. Portugal did not relinquish Mozambique until 1975. Large-scale emigration, economic dependence on South Africa, a severe drought, and a prolonged civil war hindered the country's development until the mid-1990s. | The ruling Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (FRELIMO) party formally abandoned Marxism in 1989, and a new constitution the following year provided for multiparty elections and a free-market economy. A UN-negotiated peace agreement between FRELIMO and rebel Mozambique National Resistance (RENAMO) forces ended the fighting in 1992. In 2004, Mozambique underwent a delicate transition as Joaquim CHISSANO stepped down after 18 years in office. His elected successor, Armando GUEBUZA, served two terms and then passed executive power to Filipe NYUSI in 2015. RENAMO’s residual armed forces intermittently engaged in a low-level insurgency after 2012, but a 2016 cease-fire eventually led to the two sides signing a comprehensive peace deal in 2019. | Since 2017, violent extremists -- who an official ISIS media outlet recognized as ISIS's network in Mozambique for the first time in 2019 -- have been conducting attacks against civilians and security services in the northern province of Cabo Delgado. In 2021, Rwanda and the Southern African Development Community deployed forces to support Mozambique’s efforts to counter the extremist group.", "display": "In the first half of the second millennium A.D., northern Mozambican port towns were frequented by traders from Somalia, Ethiopia, Egypt, Arabia, Persia, and India. The Portuguese…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1975 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southeastern Africa, bordering the Mozambique Channel, between South Africa and Tanzania", "display": "Southeastern Africa, bordering the Mozambique Channel, between South Africa and Tanzania", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Africa", "display": "Africa", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 799,380 sq km | land: 786,380 sq km | water: 13,000 sq km", "display": "total : 799,380 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 799380.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "2,470 km", "display": "2,470 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly coastal lowlands, uplands in center, high plateaus in northwest, mountains in west", "display": "mostly coastal lowlands, uplands in center, high plateaus in northwest, mountains in west", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical to subtropical", "display": "tropical to subtropical", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Monte Binga 2,436 m | lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m | mean elevation: 345 m", "display": "highest point: Monte Binga 2,436 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "severe droughts; devastating cyclones and floods in central and southern provinces", "display": "severe droughts; devastating cyclones and floods in central and southern provinces", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "coal, titanium, natural gas, hydropower, tantalum, graphite", "display": "coal, titanium, natural gas, hydropower, tantalum, graphite", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "three large population clusters are found along the southern coast between Maputo and Inhambane, in the central area between Beira and Chimoio along the Zambezi River, and in and around the northern cities of Nampula, Cidade de Nacala, and Pemba; the northwest and southwest are the least populated areas, as shown in this population distribution map", "display": "three large population clusters are found along the southern coast between Maputo and Inhambane, in the central area between Beira and Chimoio along the Zambezi River, and in and…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 34,206,144 (2025 est.) | male: 16,880,529 | female: 17,325,615", "display": "total: 34,206,144 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 34206144.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "2.53% (2025 est.)", "display": "2.53% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0253, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 38.8% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 4.24% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 38.8% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Makhuwa 26.1%, Portuguese (official) 16.6%, Tsonga 8.6%, Nyanja 8.1, Sena 7.1%, Lomwe 7.1%, Chuwabo 4.7%, Ndau 3.8%, Tswa 3.8%, other Mozambican languages 11.8%, other 0.5%, unspecified 1.8% (2017 est.)", "display": "Makhuwa 26.1%, Portuguese (official) 16.6%, Tsonga 8.6%, Nyanja 8.1, Sena 7.1%, Lomwe 7.1%, Chuwabo 4.7%, Ndau 3.8%, Tswa 3.8%, other Mozambican languages 11.8%, other 0.5%, unspe…", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2017 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Catholic 27.3%, Islam 19.1%, Pentecostal 16.7%, Saio/Zione 16.3%, no religion 13.5%, other 4.3%, Anglican 1.7%, unknown 1.2% (2017 est.)", "display": "Catholic 27.3%, Islam 19.1%, Pentecostal 16.7%, Saio/Zione 16.3%, no religion 13.5%, other 4.3%, Anglican 1.7%, unknown 1.2% (2017 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2017 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 58.3 years (2024 est.) | male: 57.1 years | female: 59.6 years", "display": "total population: 58.3 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 58.3, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 17.4 years (2025 est.) | male: 16.7 years | female: 17.9 years", "display": "total: 17.4 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.852 million Matola, 1.163 million MAPUTO (capital), 969,000 Nampula (2023)", "display": "1.852 million Matola, 1.163 million MAPUTO (capital), 969,000 Nampula (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 61.7% (2022 est.) | male: 74.1% (2022 est.) | female: 50.9% (2022 est.)", "display": "total population: 61.7% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 10 years (2017 est.) | male: 11 years (2017 est.) | female: 10 years (2017 est.)", "display": "total: 10 years (2017 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2017 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Mozambique | conventional short form: Mozambique | local long form: Republica de Mocambique | local short form: Mocambique | former: Portuguese East Africa, People's Republic of Mozambique | etymology: named for an offshore island; the island was named after Mussa bin BIQUE (or Mussa Ibn MALIK), an influential Arab slave trader who set himself up as sultan on the island in the 15th century", "display": "conventional long form: Republic of Mozambique", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Maputo | geographic coordinates: 25 57 S, 32 35 E | time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: named after the Maputo River, which drains into Maputo Bay south of the city; the river is said to be named after the son of Muagobe, a local chief in the 18th century", "display": "name: Maputo", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "presidential republic", "display": "presidential republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "mixed system of Portuguese civil law and customary law", "display": "mixed system of Portuguese civil law and customary law", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: previous 1975, 1990; latest adopted 16 November 2004, effective 21 December 2004 | amendment process: proposed by the president of the republic or supported by at least one third of the Assembly of the Republic membership; passage of amendments affecting constitutional provisions, including the independence and sovereignty of the state, the republican form of government, basic rights and freedoms, and universal suffrage, requires at least a two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly and approval in a referendum; referenda not required for passage of other amendments", "display": "history: previous 1975, 1990; latest adopted 16 November 2004, effective 21 December 2004", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1975 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "10 provinces ( provincias , singular - provincia ), 1 city ( cidade )*; Cabo Delgado, Gaza, Inhambane, Manica, Maputo, Cidade de Maputo*, Nampula, Niassa, Sofala, Tete, Zambezia", "display": "10 provinces ( provincias , singular - provincia ), 1 city ( cidade )*; Cabo Delgado, Gaza, Inhambane, Manica, Maputo, Cidade de Maputo*, Nampula, Niassa, Sofala, Tete, Zambezia", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, CPLP, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OIF (observer), OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNDP, UNEP, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, Union Latina, UPU, WCO, WFP, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, CPLP, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU,…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "low-income East African economy; subsistence farming dominates labor force; return to growth led by agriculture and extractive industries; Islamist insurgency threatens natural gas projects in north; ongoing foreign debt restructuring and resolution under IMF Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative", "display": "low-income East African economy; subsistence farming dominates labor force; return to growth led by agriculture and extractive industries; Islamist insurgency threatens natural ga…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$51.786 billion (2024 est.) | $50.844 billion (2023 est.) | $48.222 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$51.786 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 51.786, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$1,500 (2024 est.) | $1,500 (2023 est.) | $1,500 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$1,500 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 1500.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "1.9% (2024 est.) | 5.4% (2023 est.) | 4.4% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "1.9% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "4.1% (2024 est.) | 7.1% (2023 est.) | 10.3% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "4.1% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.040999999999999995, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3.6% (2024 est.) | 3.6% (2023 est.) | 3.6% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "3.6% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.036000000000000004, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "aluminum, petroleum products, chemicals (fertilizer, soap, paints), textiles, cement, glass, asbestos, tobacco, food, beverages", "display": "aluminum, petroleum products, chemicals (fertilizer, soap, paints), textiles, cement, glass, asbestos, tobacco, food, beverages", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "cassava, maize, sugarcane, tomatoes, beans, potatoes, sweet potatoes, bananas, coconuts, onions (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "cassava, maize, sugarcane, tomatoes, beans, potatoes, sweet potatoes, bananas, coconuts, onions (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "coal, natural gas, aluminum, gold, precious stones (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "coal, natural gas, aluminum, gold, precious stones (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, chromium ore, iron alloys, iron ore, palm oil (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, chromium ore, iron alloys, iron ore, palm oil (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 20% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 20% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.2, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 65,000 (2022 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2022 est.) less than 1", "display": "total: 65,000 (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 65000.0, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 33.2% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 79.4% | electrification - rural areas: 5%", "display": "electrification - total population: 33.2% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 16.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 0.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 82.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 0.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 16.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "5.789 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "5.789 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "92 (2025)", "display": "92 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 11 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 2 | small: 5 | very small: 4 | ports with oil terminals: 3 | key ports: Beira, Chinde, Inhambane, Maputo, Mocambique, Pebane, Porto Belo", "display": "total ports: 11 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 4,787 km (2014) | narrow gauge: 4,787 km (2014) 1.067-m gauge", "display": "total: 4,787 km (2014)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2014 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 36 (2023) | by type: general cargo 9, other 27", "display": "total: 36 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "increased population migration to urban and coastal areas; desertification; soil erosion; deforestation; water pollution from artisanal mining; pollution of surface and coastal waters; wildlife preservation (elephant poaching for ivory)", "display": "increased population migration to urban and coastal areas; desertification; soil erosion; deforestation; water pollution from artisanal mining; pollution of surface and coastal wa…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "9.549 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: -68,287 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 6.244 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 3.373 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "9.549 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "217.1 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "217.1 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 372 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 25 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 1.076 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 372 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardo…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/mozambique.json" }, { "entity_id": "namibia", "name": "Namibia", "source_code": "NA", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Africa", "roadmap_country": "Namibia", "coverage_region": "Africa", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 145, "published_fact_count": 51, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 2852777.0, "area_sq_km": 824292.0, "capital": "Windhoek", "government_type": "presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 65.9, "urban_population_percent": 54.9, "internet_users_percent": 64.0, "electricity_access_percent": 56.2, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 10300.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Various ethnic groups occupied southwestern Africa prior to Germany establishing a colony over most of the territory in 1884. South Africa occupied the colony, then known as German South West Africa, in 1915 during World War I and administered it as a mandate until after World War II, when it annexed the territory. In 1966, the Marxist South-West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO) guerrilla group launched a war of independence for the area that became Namibia, but it was not until 1988 that South Africa agreed to end its administration in accordance with a UN peace plan for the entire region. Namibia gained independence in 1990, and SWAPO has governed it since, although the party has dropped much of its Marxist ideology. President Hage GEINGOB was elected in 2014 in a landslide victory, replacing Hifikepunye POHAMBA, who stepped down after serving two terms. SWAPO retained its parliamentary super majority in the 2014 elections. In 2019 elections, GEINGOB was reelected but by a substantially reduced majority, and SWAPO narrowly lost its super majority in parliament.", "display": "Various ethnic groups occupied southwestern Africa prior to Germany establishing a colony over most of the territory in 1884. South Africa occupied the colony, then known as Germa…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1915 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Angola and South Africa", "display": "Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Angola and South Africa", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Africa", "display": "Africa", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 824,292 sq km | land: 823,290 sq km | water: 1,002 sq km", "display": "total : 824,292 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 824292.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "1,572 km", "display": "1,572 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly high plateau; Namib Desert along coast; Kalahari Desert in east", "display": "mostly high plateau; Namib Desert along coast; Kalahari Desert in east", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "desert; hot, dry; rainfall sparse and erratic", "display": "desert; hot, dry; rainfall sparse and erratic", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Konigstein on Brandberg 2,573 m | lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m | mean elevation: 1,141 m", "display": "highest point: Konigstein on Brandberg 2,573 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "prolonged periods of drought", "display": "prolonged periods of drought", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "diamonds, copper, uranium, gold, silver, lead, tin, lithium, cadmium, tungsten, zinc, salt, hydropower, fish | note: suspected deposits of oil, coal, and iron ore", "display": "diamonds, copper, uranium, gold, silver, lead, tin, lithium, cadmium, tungsten, zinc, salt, hydropower, fish", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "population density is very low, with the largest clusters found in the extreme north-central area along the border with Angola, as shown in this population distribution map", "display": "population density is very low, with the largest clusters found in the extreme north-central area along the border with Angola, as shown in this population distribution map", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 2,852,777 (2025 est.) | male: 1,402,136 | female: 1,450,641", "display": "total: 2,852,777 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 2852777.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.76% (2025 est.)", "display": "1.76% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0176, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 54.9% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 3.64% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 54.9% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Oshiwambo languages 49.7%, Nama/Damara 11%, Kavango languages 10.4%, Afrikaans 9.4%, Herero languages 9.2%, Zambezi languages 4.9%, English (official) 2.3%, other African languages 1.5%, other European languages 0.7%, other 1% (2016 est.) | note: Namibia has 13 recognized national languages, including 10 indigenous African languages and 3 European languages", "display": "Oshiwambo languages 49.7%, Nama/Damara 11%, Kavango languages 10.4%, Afrikaans 9.4%, Herero languages 9.2%, Zambezi languages 4.9%, English (official) 2.3%, other African language…", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2016 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Christian 97.5%, other 0.6% (includes Muslim, Baha'i, Jewish, Buddhist), unaffiliated 1.9% (2020 est.)", "display": "Christian 97.5%, other 0.6% (includes Muslim, Baha'i, Jewish, Buddhist), unaffiliated 1.9% (2020 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 65.9 years (2024 est.) | male: 64.2 years | female: 67.6 years", "display": "total population: 65.9 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 65.9, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 23.1 years (2025 est.) | male: 22.1 years | female: 23.5 years", "display": "total: 23.1 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "477,000 WINDHOEK (capital) (2023)", "display": "477,000 WINDHOEK (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 87.6% (2023 est.) | male: 87.9% (2023 est.) | female: 87.4% (2023 est.)", "display": "total population: 87.6% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Namibia | conventional short form: Namibia | local long form: Republic of Namibia | local short form: Namibia | former: German South-West Africa (Deutsch-Suedwestafrika), South-West Africa | etymology: named for the coastal Namib Desert; the word namib comes from the local Nama language and means \"an area where there is nothing\"", "display": "conventional long form: Republic of Namibia", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Windhoek | geographic coordinates: 22 34 S, 17 05 E | time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: the name is an Afrikaans word meaning \"windy corner;\" a local Khoikhoin chief first used the name in the 19th century and may have derived it from the name of his childhood South African village of Winterhoek", "display": "name: Windhoek", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "presidential republic", "display": "presidential republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "mixed system of uncodified civil law based on Roman-Dutch law and customary law", "display": "mixed system of uncodified civil law based on Roman-Dutch law and customary law", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: adopted 9 February 1990, entered into force 21 March 1990 | amendment process: passage requires majority vote of the National Assembly membership and of the National Council of Parliament and assent of the president of the republic; if the National Council fails to pass an amendment, the president can call for a referendum; passage by referendum requires two-thirds majority of votes cast; amendments that detract from or repeal constitutional articles on fundamental rights and freedoms cannot be amended, and the requisite majorities needed by Parliament to amend the constitution cannot be changed", "display": "history: adopted 9 February 1990, entered into force 21 March 1990", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1990 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "14 regions; Erongo, Hardap, //Karas, Kavango East, Kavango West, Khomas, Kunene, Ohangwena, Omaheke, Omusati, Oshana, Oshikoto, Otjozondjupa, Zambezi | note: the Karas region was renamed //Karas in 2013 to include the alveolar lateral click of the Khoekhoegowab language", "display": "14 regions; Erongo, Hardap, //Karas, Kavango East, Kavango West, Khomas, Kunene, Ohangwena, Omaheke, Omusati, Oshana, Oshikoto, Otjozondjupa, Zambezi", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2013 }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, CPLP (associate observer), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, SACU, SADC, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, CPLP (associate observer), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "upper middle-income, export-driven Sub-Saharan economy; natural resource rich; Walvis Bay port expansion for trade; high potential for renewable power generation and energy independence; major nature-based tourist locale; natural resource rich; shortage of skilled labor", "display": "upper middle-income, export-driven Sub-Saharan economy; natural resource rich; Walvis Bay port expansion for trade; high potential for renewable power generation and energy indepe…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$31.154 billion (2024 est.) | $30.039 billion (2023 est.) | $28.761 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$31.154 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 31.154, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$10,300 (2024 est.) | $10,100 (2023 est.) | $10,000 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$10,300 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 10300.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3.7% (2024 est.) | 4.4% (2023 est.) | 5.4% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "3.7% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "4.2% (2024 est.) | 5.9% (2023 est.) | 6.1% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "4.2% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.042, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "19.2% (2024 est.) | 19.4% (2023 est.) | 19.7% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "19.2% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.192, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "mining, tourism, fishing, agriculture", "display": "mining, tourism, fishing, agriculture", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "root vegetables, milk, maize, beef, grapes, onions, wheat, fruits, pulses, vegetables (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "root vegetables, milk, maize, beef, grapes, onions, wheat, fruits, pulses, vegetables (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "gold, diamonds, radioactive chemicals, fish, refined petroleum (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "gold, diamonds, radioactive chemicals, fish, refined petroleum (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, copper ore, ships, electricity, trucks (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, copper ore, ships, electricity, trucks (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 64% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 64% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.64, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 104,000 (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 4 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 104,000 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 104000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 56.2% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 74.8% | electrification - rural areas: 33.2%", "display": "electrification - total population: 56.2% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 1.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 26.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 1.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 70% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 1.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "21.734 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "21.734 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "259 (2025)", "display": "259 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 2 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 2 | very small: 0 | ports with oil terminals: 2 | key ports: Luderitz Bay, Walvis Bay", "display": "total ports: 2 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 2,628 km (2014) | narrow gauge: 2,628 km (2014) 1.067-m gauge", "display": "total: 2,628 km (2014)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2014 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 15 (2023) | by type: general cargo 1, other 14", "display": "total: 15 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "depletion and degradation of water and aquatic resources; desertification; land degradation; loss of biodiversity; wildlife poaching", "display": "depletion and degradation of water and aquatic resources; desertification; land degradation; loss of biodiversity; wildlife poaching", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "3.46 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 48,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 3.412 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "3.46 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "39.91 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "39.91 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 61.568 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 18.61 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 201 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 61.568 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertifi…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/namibia.json" }, { "entity_id": "nauru", "name": "Nauru", "source_code": "NR", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Oceania", "roadmap_country": "Nauru", "coverage_region": "Oceania", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 115, "published_fact_count": 46, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 9930.0, "area_sq_km": 21.0, "capital": "no official capital; government offices in the Yaren District", "government_type": "parliamentary republic", "life_expectancy_years": 68.6, "urban_population_percent": 100.0, "internet_users_percent": 82.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 12600.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "By 1000 B.C., Micronesian and Polynesian settlers inhabited Nauru, and the island was divided among 12 clans. Nauru developed in relative isolation because ocean currents made landfall on the island difficult. As a result, the Nauruan language does not clearly resemble any other in the Pacific region. In 1798, a British mariner was the first European to spot the island and by 1830, European whalers used Nauru as a supply stop, trading firearms for food. A civil war in 1878 reduced the population by more than a third. Germany forcibly annexed Nauru in 1888 by holding the 12 chiefs under house arrest until they consented to the annexation. Phosphate was discovered in 1900 and was heavily mined, although Nauru and Nauruans earned about one tenth of one percent of the profits from the phosphate deposits. | Australian forces captured Nauru from Germany during World War I, and in 1919, it was placed under a joint Australian-British-New Zealand mandate with Australian administration. Japan occupied Nauru during World War II and used its residents as forced labor elsewhere in the Pacific while destroying much of the infrastructure on the island. After the war, Nauru became a UN trust territory under Australian administration. In 1962, recognizing the phosphate stocks would eventually be depleted, Australian Prime Minister Robert MENZIES offered to resettle all Nauruans on Curtis Island in Queensland, but Nauruans rejected that plan and opted for independence, which was achieved in 1968. In 1970, Nauru purchased the phosphate mining assets, and income from the mines made Nauruans among the richest people in the world. However, a series of unwise investments led to near bankruptcy by 2000. Widespread phosphate mining officially ceased in 2006. | As its economy faltered, Nauru briefly tried to rebrand itself as an offshore banking haven, an initiative that ended in 2005, and the country made a successful bid for Russian humanitarian aid in 2008. In 2001, Australia set up the Nauru Regional Processing Center (NRPC), an offshore refugee detention facility, paying Nauru per person at the center. The NRPC closed in 2008 but reopened in 2012. The number of refugees steadily declined after 2014, and in 2020, the remaining people were moved to Brisbane, Australia, effectively shuttering the NRPC. However, in 2023, Australia agreed to continue funding NRPC for two years and restarted settling asylees in the center in mid-2023. The center remains the Government of Nauru’s largest source of income.", "display": "By 1000 B.C., Micronesian and Polynesian settlers inhabited Nauru, and the island was divided among 12 clans. Nauru developed in relative isolation because ocean currents made lan…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1900 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, south of the Marshall Islands", "display": "Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, south of the Marshall Islands", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Oceania", "display": "Oceania", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 21 sq km | land: 21 sq km | water: 0 sq km", "display": "total : 21 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 21.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "30 km", "display": "30 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "sandy beach rises to fertile ring around raised coral reefs with phosphate plateau in center", "display": "sandy beach rises to fertile ring around raised coral reefs with phosphate plateau in center", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical with a monsoonal pattern; rainy season (November to February)", "display": "tropical with a monsoonal pattern; rainy season (November to February)", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Command Ridge 70 m | lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m", "display": "highest point: Command Ridge 70 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "periodic droughts", "display": "periodic droughts", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "phosphates, fish", "display": "phosphates, fish", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "most people live in the fertile coastal areas, especially along the southwest coast", "display": "most people live in the fertile coastal areas, especially along the southwest coast", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 9,930 (2025 est.) | male: 4,874 | female: 5,056", "display": "total: 9,930 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 9930.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.37% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.37% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0037, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 100% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.18% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 100% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Nauruan 93% (official, a distinct Pacific Island language), English 2% (widely understood, spoken, and used for most government and commercial purposes), other 5% (includes Gilbertese 2% and Chinese 2%) (2011 est.) | note: data represent main language spoken at home; Nauruan is spoken by 95% of the population, English by 66%, and other languages by 12%", "display": "Nauruan 93% (official, a distinct Pacific Island language), English 2% (widely understood, spoken, and used for most government and commercial purposes), other 5% (includes Gilber…", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2011 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Protestant 60.4% (Nauruan Congregational 34.7%, Assemblies of God 11.6%, Pacific Light House 6.3%, Nauru Independent 3.6%, Baptist 1.5, Seventh Day Adventist 1.3%, other Protestant 1.4%), Roman Catholic 33.9%, other 4.2%, none 1.3%, no answer 0.3% (2021 est.)", "display": "Protestant 60.4% (Nauruan Congregational 34.7%, Assemblies of God 11.6%, Pacific Light House 6.3%, Nauru Independent 3.6%, Baptist 1.5, Seventh Day Adventist 1.3%, other Protestan…", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 68.6 years (2024 est.) | male: 65 years | female: 72.3 years", "display": "total population: 68.6 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 68.6, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 28.2 years (2025 est.) | male: 27.3 years | female: 28.4 years", "display": "total: 28.2 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 96.6% (2023 est.) | male: 93.4% (2023 est.) | female: 99.7% (2023 est.)", "display": "total population: 96.6% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Nauru | conventional short form: Nauru | local long form: Republic of Nauru | local short form: Nauru | former: Pleasant Island | etymology: the island name may derive from the Nauruan word \"anaoero\" meaning \"I go to the beach\"; the former name, Pleasant Island, came from British navigator John Frean, who visited in 1798", "display": "conventional long form: Republic of Nauru", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: no official capital; government offices in the Yaren District | time difference: UTC+12 (17 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)", "display": "name: no official capital; government offices in the Yaren District", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary republic", "display": "parliamentary republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "mixed system of common law based on the English model and customary law", "display": "mixed system of common law based on the English model and customary law", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: effective 29 January 1968 | amendment process: proposed by Parliament; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of Parliament; amendments to constitutional articles, such as the republican form of government, protection of fundamental rights and freedoms, the structure and authorities of the executive and legislative branches, also require two-thirds majority of votes in a referendum", "display": "history: effective 29 January 1968", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1968 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "14 districts; Aiwo, Anabar, Anetan, Anibare, Baitsi, Boe, Buada, Denigomodu, Ewa, Ijuw, Meneng, Nibok, Uaboe, Yaren", "display": "14 districts; Aiwo, Anabar, Anetan, Anibare, Baitsi, Boe, Buada, Denigomodu, Ewa, Ijuw, Meneng, Nibok, Uaboe, Yaren", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACP, ADB, AOSIS, C, FAO, G-77, ICAO, ICCt, IFAD, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO", "display": "ACP, ADB, AOSIS, C, FAO, G-77, ICAO, ICCt, IFAD, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "upper-middle-income Pacific island country; phosphate resource exhaustion made island interior uninhabitable; licenses fishing rights; houses Australia’s Regional Processing Centre; former tax haven; largely dependent on foreign subsidies", "display": "upper-middle-income Pacific island country; phosphate resource exhaustion made island interior uninhabitable; licenses fishing rights; houses Australia’s Regional Processing Centr…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$150.581 million (2024 est.) | $147.976 million (2023 est.) | $147.026 million (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$150.581 million (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 0.150581, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$12,600 (2024 est.) | $12,500 (2023 est.) | $12,500 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$12,600 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 12600.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "1.8% (2024 est.) | 0.6% (2023 est.) | 3% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "1.8% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.6% (2022 est.) | 2.4% (2021 est.) | 1.8% (2020 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "2.6% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.026000000000000002, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "phosphate mining, offshore banking, coconut products", "display": "phosphate mining, offshore banking, coconut products", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "coconuts, tropical fruits, pork, eggs, pork offal, pork fat, chicken, papayas, vegetables, cabbages (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "coconuts, tropical fruits, pork, eggs, pork offal, pork fat, chicken, papayas, vegetables, cabbages (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "fish, phosphates (2023) | note: top export commodities based on value in dollars over $500,000", "display": "fish, phosphates (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "ships, titanium ore, refined petroleum, plastic products, other foods (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "ships, titanium ore, refined petroleum, plastic products, other foods (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 82% (2020 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 82% (2020 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.82, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 1,000 (2022 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 10 (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 1,000 (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 1000.0, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 88% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 12% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 88% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "1 (2025)", "display": "1 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 1 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 0 | very small: 1 | ports with oil terminals: 1 | key ports: Nauru", "display": "total ports: 1 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 6 (2023) | by type: other 6", "display": "total: 6 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "limited natural freshwater resources; effects of intensive phosphate mining that left the central 90% of Nauru a wasteland; air and water pollution from cadmium residue, phosphate dust, and other contaminants; rising sea levels", "display": "limited natural freshwater resources; effects of intensive phosphate mining that left the central 90% of Nauru a wasteland; air and water pollution from cadmium residue, phosphate…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "86,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 86,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "86,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "10 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "10 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of th…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/nauru.json" }, { "entity_id": "navassa-island", "name": "Navassa Island", "source_code": "UM", "source_entity_class": "dependency-or-territory", "source_region": "Central America and the Caribbean", "roadmap_country": null, "coverage_region": null, "roadmap_status": "additional", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 26, "published_fact_count": 14, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": null, "area_sq_km": 5.0, "capital": null, "government_type": null, "life_expectancy_years": null, "urban_population_percent": null, "internet_users_percent": null, "electricity_access_percent": null, "gdp_per_capita_usd": null, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": null, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "The US claimed uninhabited Navassa Island in 1857 for its guano. Mining took place between 1865 and 1898. The lighthouse, built in 1917, was shut down in 1996, and administration of Navassa Island was transferred from the US Coast Guard to the Department of the Interior, Office of Insular Affairs. A 1998 scientific expedition to the island described it as a \"unique preserve of Caribbean biodiversity.\" The following year it became a National Wildlife Refuge, and annual scientific expeditions have continued.", "display": "The US claimed uninhabited Navassa Island in 1857 for its guano. Mining took place between 1865 and 1898. The lighthouse, built in 1917, was shut down in 1996, and administration…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1917 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, 30 nm west of Tiburon Peninsula of Haiti", "display": "Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, 30 nm west of Tiburon Peninsula of Haiti", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Central America and the Caribbean", "display": "Central America and the Caribbean", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 5 sq km | land: 5.4 sq km | water: 0 sq km", "display": "total : 5 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 5.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "8 km", "display": "8 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "raised flat to undulating coral and limestone plateau; ringed by vertical white cliffs (9 to 15 m high)", "display": "raised flat to undulating coral and limestone plateau; ringed by vertical white cliffs (9 to 15 m high)", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "marine, tropical", "display": "marine, tropical", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: 200 m NNW of lighthouse 85 m | lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m", "display": "highest point: 200 m NNW of lighthouse 85 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "hurricanes", "display": "hurricanes", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "guano (mining discontinued in 1898)", "display": "guano (mining discontinued in 1898)", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: uninhabited", "display": "total: uninhabited", "source_field": "Population", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: none | conventional short form: Navassa Island | etymology: the flat island was named \"Navaza\" by sailors with the Christopher COLUMBUS expedition in 1504; the name derives from the Spanish word nava , meaning \"flat land or level ground\"", "display": "conventional long form: none", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "the laws of the US apply", "display": "the laws of the US apply", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "some coral bleaching", "display": "some coral bleaching", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/navassa-island.json" }, { "entity_id": "nepal", "name": "Nepal", "source_code": "NP", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Asia", "roadmap_country": "Nepal", "coverage_region": "Asia", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 148, "published_fact_count": 50, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 31334402.0, "area_sq_km": 147181.0, "capital": "Kathmandu", "government_type": "federal parliamentary republic", "life_expectancy_years": 73.0, "urban_population_percent": 21.9, "internet_users_percent": 56.00000000000001, "electricity_access_percent": 91.3, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 5000.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": true }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "During the late 18th and early 19th centuries, the principality of Gorkha united many of the other principalities and states of the sub-Himalayan region into a Nepali Kingdom. Nepal retained its independence after the Anglo-Nepalese War of 1814-16, and the subsequent peace treaty laid the foundations for two centuries of amicable relations between Britain and Nepal. In 1951, the Nepali monarch ended the century-old system of hereditary rule and instituted a cabinet system that brought political parties into the government. That arrangement lasted until 1960, when political parties were again banned, but it was reinstated in 1990 with the establishment of a multiparty democracy within the framework of a constitutional monarchy. | A Maoist-led insurgency broke out in 1996. During the ensuing 10-year civil war between Maoist and government forces, the monarchy dissolved the cabinet and parliament. In 2001, Crown Prince DIPENDRA first massacred the royal family and then shot himself. His uncle GYANENDRA became king, and the monarchy reassumed absolute power the next year. A peace accord in 2006 led to the promulgation of an interim constitution in 2007. After a nationwide Constituent Assembly (CA) election in 2008, the newly formed CA declared Nepal a federal democratic republic, abolished the monarchy, and elected the country's first president. | When the CA failed to draft a Supreme Court-mandated constitution, then-Prime Minister Baburam BHATTARAI dissolved the CA. An interim government held elections in 2013, in which the Nepali Congress (NC) won the largest share of seats. In 2014, NC formed a coalition government with the second-place Communist Party of Nepal-Unified Marxist-Leninist (UML). Nepal's new constitution came into effect in 2015, at which point the CA became the Parliament and Khagda Prasad Sharma OLI the first post-constitution prime minister (2015-16). He resigned ahead of a no-confidence motion, and Parliament elected Communist Party of Nepal-Maoist (CPN-M) leader Pushpa Kamal DAHAL as prime minister. | The parties headed by OLI and DAHAL ran in coalition and swept the parliamentary elections in 2017, and OLI was sworn in as prime minister in 2018. OLI's efforts to dissolve parliament and hold elections were declared unconstitutional in 2021, and the opposition-supported NC leader Sher Bahadur DEUBA was named prime minister. The NC won a majority of seats in the parliamentary elections in 2022, but DAHAL then broke with the ruling coalition and partnered with OLI and the CPN-UML to become prime minister. DAHAL's first cabinet lasted about two months, until OLI withdrew his support over disagreements about ministerial assignments. In early 2023, DAHAL survived a vote of confidence and formed a coalition with the NC to remain prime minister.", "display": "During the late 18th and early 19th centuries, the principality of Gorkha united many of the other principalities and states of the sub-Himalayan region into a Nepali Kingdom. Nep…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1951 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southern Asia, between China and India", "display": "Southern Asia, between China and India", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Asia", "display": "Asia", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 147,181 sq km | land: 143,351 sq km | water: 3,830 sq km", "display": "total : 147,181 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 147181.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "0 km (landlocked)", "display": "0 km (landlocked)", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Tarai or flat river plain of the Ganges in south; central hill region with rugged Himalayas in north", "display": "Tarai or flat river plain of the Ganges in south; central hill region with rugged Himalayas in north", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "varies from cool summers and severe winters in north to subtropical summers and mild winters in south", "display": "varies from cool summers and severe winters in north to subtropical summers and mild winters in south", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Mount Everest (highest peak in Asia and highest point on earth above sea level) 8,849 m | lowest point: Kanchan Kalan 70 m | mean elevation: 2,565 m", "display": "highest point: Mount Everest (highest peak in Asia and highest point on earth above sea level) 8,849 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "severe thunderstorms; flooding; landslides; drought and famine depending on the timing, intensity, and duration of the summer monsoons", "display": "severe thunderstorms; flooding; landslides; drought and famine depending on the timing, intensity, and duration of the summer monsoons", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "quartz, water, timber, hydropower, scenic beauty, small deposits of lignite, copper, cobalt, iron ore", "display": "quartz, water, timber, hydropower, scenic beauty, small deposits of lignite, copper, cobalt, iron ore", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "most of the population is divided nearly equally between a concentration in the southern-most plains of the Tarai region and the central hilly region; overall density is low", "display": "most of the population is divided nearly equally between a concentration in the southern-most plains of the Tarai region and the central hilly region; overall density is low", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 31,334,402 (2025 est.) | male: 15,352,706 | female: 15,981,696", "display": "total: 31,334,402 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 31334402.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.66% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.66% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0066, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 21.9% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 3.09% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 21.9% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Nepali (official) 44.9%, Maithali 11.1%, Bhojpuri 6.2%, Tharu 5.9%, Tamang 4.9%, Bajjika 3.9%, Avadhi 3%, Nepalbhasha (Newari) 3%, Magar Dhut 2.8%, Doteli 1.7%, Urdu 1.4%, Yakthung/Limbu 1.2%, Gurung 1.1%, other 8.9% (2021 est.) | major-language sample(s): | विश्व तथ्य पुस्तक,आधारभूत जानकारीको लागि अपरिहार्य स्रोत (Nepali) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. | note: 123 languages reported as mother tongue in 2021 national census; many in government and business also speak English", "display": "Nepali (official) 44.9%, Maithali 11.1%, Bhojpuri 6.2%, Tharu 5.9%, Tamang 4.9%, Bajjika 3.9%, Avadhi 3%, Nepalbhasha (Newari) 3%, Magar Dhut 2.8%, Doteli 1.7%, Urdu 1.4%, Yakthun…", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Hindu 81.2%, Buddhist 8.2%, Muslim 5.1%, Kirat 3.2%, Christian 1.8%; less than 1%: Prakriti, Bon, Jains, Sikh (2021 est.)", "display": "Hindu 81.2%, Buddhist 8.2%, Muslim 5.1%, Kirat 3.2%, Christian 1.8%; less than 1%: Prakriti, Bon, Jains, Sikh (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 73 years (2024 est.) | male: 72.2 years | female: 73.7 years", "display": "total population: 73 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 73.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 28.1 years (2025 est.) | male: 26.5 years | female: 28.6 years", "display": "total: 28.1 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.571 million KATHMANDU (capital) (2023)", "display": "1.571 million KATHMANDU (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 68.7% (2019 est.) | male: 79.8% (2019 est.) | female: 59.4% (2019 est.)", "display": "total population: 68.7% (2019 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2019 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 14 years (2023 est.) | male: 14 years (2023 est.) | female: 14 years (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 14 years (2023 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: none | conventional short form: Nepal | local long form: none | local short form: Nepal | etymology: the name probably comes from the Sanskrit term nepala , from the words for \"fly down\" and \"house,\" which would refer to the villages at the base of the mountains", "display": "conventional long form: none", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Kathmandu | geographic coordinates: 27 43 N, 85 19 E | time difference: UTC+5.75 (10.75 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: the name comes from the Nepalese words kath (wooden) and mandu (temple), referring to the local temples that are often still built from wood", "display": "name: Kathmandu", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "federal parliamentary republic", "display": "federal parliamentary republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "English common law and Hindu legal concepts", "display": "English common law and Hindu legal concepts", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: several previous; latest approved by the Second Constituent Assembly 16 September 2015, signed by the president and effective 20 September 2015 | amendment process: proposed as a bill by either house of the Federal Parliament; bills affecting a state border or powers delegated to a state must be submitted to the affected state assembly; passage of such bills requires a majority vote of that state assembly membership; bills not requiring state assembly consent require at least two-thirds majority vote by the membership of both houses of the Federal Parliament; parts of the constitution on the sovereignty, territorial integrity, independence, and sovereignty vested in the people cannot be amended", "display": "history: several previous; latest approved by the Second Constituent Assembly 16 September 2015, signed by the president and effective 20 September 2015", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2015 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "7 provinces ( pradesh , singular - pradesh ); Bagmati, Gandaki, Karnali, Koshi, Lumbini, Madhesh, Sudurpashchim", "display": "7 provinces ( pradesh , singular - pradesh ); Bagmati, Gandaki, Karnali, Koshi, Lumbini, Madhesh, Sudurpashchim", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ADB, BIMSTEC, CD, CP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAM, OPCW, SAARC, SACEP, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNSOM, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ADB, BIMSTEC, CD, CP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MIN…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "low-income South Asian economy; post-conflict fiscal federalism increasing stability; COVID-19 hurt trade and tourism; widening current account deficits; environmentally fragile economy from earthquakes; growing Chinese relations and investments", "display": "low-income South Asian economy; post-conflict fiscal federalism increasing stability; COVID-19 hurt trade and tourism; widening current account deficits; environmentally fragile e…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$149.643 billion (2024 est.) | $144.352 billion (2023 est.) | $141.546 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$149.643 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 149.643, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$5,000 (2024 est.) | $4,900 (2023 est.) | $4,800 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$5,000 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 5000.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3.7% (2024 est.) | 2% (2023 est.) | 5.6% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "3.7% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "7.1% (2023 est.) | 7.7% (2022 est.) | 4.1% (2021 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "7.1% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.071, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "10.8% (2024 est.) | 10.7% (2023 est.) | 10.9% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "10.8% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.10800000000000001, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "tourism, carpets, textiles, small rice, jute, sugar, oilseed mills, cigarettes, cement and brick production", "display": "tourism, carpets, textiles, small rice, jute, sugar, oilseed mills, cigarettes, cement and brick production", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "rice, vegetables, potatoes, sugarcane, maize, wheat, bison milk, milk, mangoes/guavas, bananas (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "rice, vegetables, potatoes, sugarcane, maize, wheat, bison milk, milk, mangoes/guavas, bananas (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "knotted carpets, garments, flat-rolled iron, synthetic fibers, palm oil (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "knotted carpets, garments, flat-rolled iron, synthetic fibers, palm oil (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, natural gas, garments, iron reductions, broadcasting equipment (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, natural gas, garments, iron reductions, broadcasting equipment (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 56% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 56% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.56, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 1.44 million (2022 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 5 (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 1.44 million (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 1440000.0, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 91.3% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 97.7% | electrification - rural areas: 93.7%", "display": "electrification - total population: 91.3% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "solar: 1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 99% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "solar: 1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "6.604 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "6.604 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "51 (2025)", "display": "51 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 59 km (2018) | narrow gauge: 59 km (2018) 0.762-m gauge", "display": "total: 59 km (2018)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "deforestation (overuse of wood for fuel and lack of alternatives); forest degradation; soil erosion; contaminated water from human and animal wastes, agricultural runoff, and industrial effluents; unmanaged solid waste; wildlife conservation; air pollution from vehicular emissions", "display": "deforestation (overuse of wood for fuel and lack of alternatives); forest degradation; soil erosion; contaminated water from human and animal wastes, agricultural runoff, and indu…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "11.357 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 2.025 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 9.332 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "11.357 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "210.2 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "210.2 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 147.6 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 29.5 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 9.32 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 147.6 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Marine Life Conservation", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nucle…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/nepal.json" }, { "entity_id": "netherlands", "name": "Netherlands", "source_code": "NL", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Europe", "roadmap_country": "Netherlands", "coverage_region": "Europe", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 154, "published_fact_count": 51, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 17833885.0, "area_sq_km": 41543.0, "capital": "Amsterdam", "government_type": "parliamentary constitutional monarchy; part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands", "life_expectancy_years": 81.9, "urban_population_percent": 93.2, "internet_users_percent": 97.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 70900.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "The Dutch United Provinces declared their independence from Spain in 1581; during the 17th century, they became a leading seafaring and commercial power, with settlements and colonies around the world. After 18 years of French domination, the Netherlands regained its independence in 1813. In 1830, Belgium seceded and formed a separate kingdom. The Netherlands remained neutral in World War I but suffered German invasion and occupation in World War II. A modern, industrialized nation, the Netherlands is also a large exporter of agricultural products. The country was a founding member of NATO and the EEC (now the EU) and participated in the introduction of the euro in 1999. In 2010, the former Netherlands Antilles was dissolved and the three smallest islands -- Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, and Saba -- became special municipalities in the Netherlands administrative structure. The larger islands of Sint Maarten and Curacao joined the Netherlands and Aruba as constituent countries forming the Kingdom of the Netherlands. | In 2018, the Sint Eustatius island council (governing body) was dissolved and replaced by a government commissioner to restore the integrity of public administration. According to the Dutch Government, the intervention will be as \"short as possible and as long as needed.\"", "display": "The Dutch United Provinces declared their independence from Spain in 1581; during the 17th century, they became a leading seafaring and commercial power, with settlements and colo…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1999 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Western Europe, bordering the North Sea, between Belgium and Germany", "display": "Western Europe, bordering the North Sea, between Belgium and Germany", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Europe", "display": "Europe", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 41,543 sq km | land: 33,893 sq km | water: 7,650 sq km", "display": "total : 41,543 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 41543.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "451 km", "display": "451 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly coastal lowland and reclaimed land (polders); some hills in southeast", "display": "mostly coastal lowland and reclaimed land (polders); some hills in southeast", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "temperate; marine; cool summers and mild winters", "display": "temperate; marine; cool summers and mild winters", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Mount Scenery (on the island of Saba in the Caribbean, now considered an integral part of the Netherlands following the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles) 862 m | lowest point: Zuidplaspolder -7 m | mean elevation: 30 m | note: the highest point on continental Netherlands is Vaalserberg at 322 m", "display": "highest point: Mount Scenery (on the island of Saba in the Caribbean, now considered an integral part of the Netherlands following the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles) 862…", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "flooding | volcanism: Mount Scenery (887 m), located on the island of Saba in the Caribbean, last erupted in 1640; Round Hill (601 m), a dormant volcano also known as \"The Quill,\" is located on the island of St. Eustatius in the Caribbean; these islands are at the northern end of the volcanic island arc of the Lesser Antilles that extends south to Grenada", "display": "flooding", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "natural gas, petroleum, peat, limestone, salt, sand and gravel, arable land", "display": "natural gas, petroleum, peat, limestone, salt, sand and gravel, arable land", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "an area known as the Randstad, anchored by the cities of Amsterdam, Rotterdam, the Hague, and Utrecht, is the most densely populated region; the north tends to be less dense, but sizeable communities can be found throughout the entire country", "display": "an area known as the Randstad, anchored by the cities of Amsterdam, Rotterdam, the Hague, and Utrecht, is the most densely populated region; the north tends to be less dense, but…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 17,833,885 (2025 est.) | male: 8,874,366 | female: 8,959,519", "display": "total: 17,833,885 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 17833885.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.3% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.3% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.003, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 93.2% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.59% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 93.2% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Dutch (official), Frisian (official in Fryslan province) | major-language sample(s): Het Wereld Feitenboek, een onmisbare bron van informatie. (Dutch) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. | note: Frisian, Low Saxon, Limburgish, Romani, and Yiddish have protected status; Dutch is the official language of the three special municipalities of the Caribbean Netherlands; English is a recognized regional language on Sint Eustatius and Saba; Papiamento is a recognized regional language on Bonaire", "display": "Dutch (official), Frisian (official in Fryslan province)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Roman Catholic 20.1%, Protestant 14.8% (includes Dutch Reformed, Protestant Church of The Netherlands, Calvinist), Muslim 5%, other 5.9% (includes Hindu, Buddhist, Jewish), none 54.1% (2019 est.)", "display": "Roman Catholic 20.1%, Protestant 14.8% (includes Dutch Reformed, Protestant Church of The Netherlands, Calvinist), Muslim 5%, other 5.9% (includes Hindu, Buddhist, Jewish), none 5…", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2019 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 81.9 years (2024 est.) | male: 80.3 years | female: 83.5 years", "display": "total population: 81.9 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 81.9, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 42.2 years (2025 est.) | male: 40.9 years | female: 43.5 years", "display": "total: 42.2 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.174 million AMSTERDAM (capital), 1.018 million Rotterdam (2023)", "display": "1.174 million AMSTERDAM (capital), 1.018 million Rotterdam (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 19 years (2021 est.) | male: 18 years (2021 est.) | female: 19 years (2021 est.)", "display": "total: 19 years (2021 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Kingdom of the Netherlands | conventional short form: Netherlands | local long form: Koninkrijk der Nederlanden | local short form: Nederland | abbreviation: NL | etymology: the English name is derived from the country's Dutch name, which means \"the lowlands\" and describes the geographic area; only about half the Netherlands is more than 1 meter (3.3 ft) above sea level", "display": "conventional long form: Kingdom of the Netherlands", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Amsterdam | geographic coordinates: 52 21 N, 4 55 E | time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October | time zone note: time descriptions apply to the continental Netherlands only, for the constituent countries in the Caribbean, the time difference is UTC-4 | etymology: the name is derived from the Dutch name of the local river, the Amstel, and the Dutch word dam , which has the same meaning in English; the river name is said to derive from the Germanic words ama (current) and stelle (place) | note: The Hague is the seat of government", "display": "name: Amsterdam", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary constitutional monarchy; part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands", "display": "parliamentary constitutional monarchy; part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law system based on the French system; constitution does not permit judicial review of acts of the States General", "display": "civil law system based on the French system; constitution does not permit judicial review of acts of the States General", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: many previous to adoption of the \"Basic Law of the Kingdom of the Netherlands\" on 24 August 1815; revised 8 times, the latest in 1983 | amendment process: proposed as an Act of Parliament by or on behalf of the king or by the Second Chamber of the States General; the Second Chamber is dissolved after its first reading of the Act; passage requires a second reading by both the First Chamber and the newly elected Second Chamber, followed by at least two-thirds majority vote of both chambers, and ratification by the king", "display": "history: many previous to adoption of the \"Basic Law of the Kingdom of the Netherlands\" on 24 August 1815; revised 8 times, the latest in 1983", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1983 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "12 provinces ( provincies , singular - provincie ), 3 public entities* ( openbare lichamen , singular - openbaar lichaam (Dutch); entidatnan publiko , singular - entidat publiko (Papiamento)); Bonaire*, Drenthe, Flevoland, Fryslan (Friesland), Gelderland, Groningen, Limburg, Noord-Brabant (North Brabant), Noord-Holland (North Holland), Overijssel, Saba*, Sint Eustatius*, Utrecht, Zeeland (Zealand), Zuid-Holland (South Holland) | note 1: the Netherlands is one of four constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands; the other three, Aruba , Curacao , and Sint Maarten , are Caribbean islands; all four are considered equal partners, but the Netherlands makes up about 98% of the Kingdom's total land area and population and administers most of the Kingdom's affairs | note 2: although Bonaire, Saba, and Sint Eustatius are officially incorporated into the country of the Netherlands under the broad designation of \"public entities,\" Dutch government sources often call them \"special municipalities;\" Bonaire, Saba, and Sint Eustatius are collectively referred to as the Caribbean Netherlands", "display": "12 provinces ( provincies , singular - provincie ), 3 public entities* ( openbare lichamen , singular - openbaar lichaam (Dutch); entidatnan publiko , singular - entidat publiko (…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council (observer), Australia Group, Benelux, BIS, CBSS (observer), CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNMISS, UNOOSA, UNRWA, UN Security Council (temporary), UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC", "display": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council (observer), Australia Group, Benelux, BIS, CBSS (observer), CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implement…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "high-income, core EU- and eurozone-member economy; strong services, logistics, and tech sectors; strongly trade-oriented with heightened risks from global tensions; declining inflation aided by easing energy prices and wage growth; rising but manageable deficits and public debt; strong ratings for innovation, competitiveness, and business climate", "display": "high-income, core EU- and eurozone-member economy; strong services, logistics, and tech sectors; strongly trade-oriented with heightened risks from global tensions; declining infl…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$1.276 trillion (2024 est.) | $1.263 trillion (2023 est.) | $1.263 trillion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$1.276 trillion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 1276.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$70,900 (2024 est.) | $70,700 (2023 est.) | $71,300 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$70,900 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 70900.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "1% (2024 est.) | 0.1% (2023 est.) | 5% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "1% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3.3% (2024 est.) | 3.8% (2023 est.) | 10% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "3.3% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.033, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3.6% (2024 est.) | 3.6% (2023 est.) | 3.6% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "3.6% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.036000000000000004, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "agroindustries, metal and engineering products, electrical machinery and equipment, chemicals, petroleum, construction, microelectronics, fishing", "display": "agroindustries, metal and engineering products, electrical machinery and equipment, chemicals, petroleum, construction, microelectronics, fishing", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "milk, sugar beets, potatoes, onions, pork, wheat, chicken, tomatoes, carrots/turnips, beef (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "milk, sugar beets, potatoes, onions, pork, wheat, chicken, tomatoes, carrots/turnips, beef (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, vaccines, machinery, crude petroleum, broadcasting equipment (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, vaccines, machinery, crude petroleum, broadcasting equipment (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "crude petroleum, refined petroleum, broadcasting equipment, cars, natural gas (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "crude petroleum, refined petroleum, broadcasting equipment, cars, natural gas (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 97% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 97% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.97, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 7.83 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 43 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 7.83 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 7830000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 46.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | nuclear: 3.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 17.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 24.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 8.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 46.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "185.536 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "185.536 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "44 (2025) | note: Includes 3 airports in Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba", "display": "44 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 18 (2024) | large: 2 | medium: 4 | small: 5 | very small: 7 | ports with oil terminals: 12 | key ports: Amsterdam, Dordrecht, Europoort, Rotterdam, Terneuzen, Vlissingen", "display": "total ports: 18 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 3,055 km (2020) 2,310 km electrified", "display": "total: 3,055 km (2020) 2,310 km electrified", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 1,187 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 11, container ship 36, general cargo 521, oil tanker 27, other 592", "display": "total: 1,187 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "water pollution, including industrial and agricultural chemicals in rivers; air pollution from vehicles and refining activities", "display": "water pollution, including industrial and agricultural chemicals in rivers; air pollution from vehicles and refining activities", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "188.191 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 23.701 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 112.037 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 52.454 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "188.191 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "91 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "91 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 2.185 billion cubic meters (2022) | industrial: 5.784 billion cubic meters (2022) | agricultural: 265.086 million cubic meters (2022)", "display": "municipal: 2.185 billion cubic meters (2022)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/netherlands.json" }, { "entity_id": "new-caledonia", "name": "New Caledonia", "source_code": "NC", "source_entity_class": "dependency-or-territory", "source_region": "Oceania", "roadmap_country": null, "coverage_region": null, "roadmap_status": "additional", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 113, "published_fact_count": 45, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 307612.0, "area_sq_km": 18575.0, "capital": "Noumea", "government_type": "parliamentary democracy (Territorial Congress); an overseas collectivity of France", "life_expectancy_years": 79.3, "urban_population_percent": 72.7, "internet_users_percent": 82.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 34600.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "The first humans settled in New Caledonia around 1600 B.C. The Lapita were skilled navigators, and evidence of their pottery around the Pacific has served as a guide for understanding human expansion in the region. Successive waves of migrants from other islands in Melanesia intermarried with the Lapita, giving rise to the Kanak ethnic group considered indigenous to New Caledonia. British explorer James COOK was the first European to visit New Caledonia in 1774, giving it the Latin name for Scotland. Missionaries first landed in New Caledonia in 1840. In 1853, France annexed New Caledonia to preclude any British attempt to claim the island. France declared it a penal colony in 1864 and sent more than 20,000 prisoners to New Caledonia in the ensuing three decades. | Nickel was discovered in 1864, and French prisoners were directed to mine it. France brought in indentured servants and enslaved labor from elsewhere in Southeast Asia to work the mines, blocking Kanaks from accessing the most profitable part of the local economy. In 1878, High Chief ATAI led a rebellion against French rule. The Kanaks were relegated to reservations, leading to periodic smaller uprisings and culminating in a large revolt in 1917 that colonial authorities brutally suppressed. During World War II, New Caledonia became an important base for Allied troops, and the US moved its South Pacific headquarters to the island in 1942. Following the war, France made New Caledonia an overseas territory and granted French citizenship to all inhabitants in 1953, thereby permitting the Kanaks to move off the reservations. | The Kanak nationalist movement began in the 1950s, but most voters chose to remain a territory in an independence referendum in 1958. The European population of New Caledonia boomed in the 1970s with a renewed focus on nickel mining, reigniting Kanak nationalism. Key Kanak leaders were assassinated in the early 1980s, leading to escalating violence and dozens of fatalities. The Matignon Accords of 1988 provided for a 10-year transition period. The Noumea Accord of 1998 transferred increasing governing responsibility from France to New Caledonia over a 20-year period and provided for three independence referenda. In the first held in 2018, voters rejected independence by 57% to 43%; in the second held in 2020, voters rejected independence 53% to 47%. In the third referendum held in 2021, voters rejected independence 96% to 4%; however, a boycott by key Kanak groups spurred challenges about the legitimacy of the vote. Pro-independence parties subsequently won a majority in the New Caledonian Government for the first time. France and New Caledonia officials remain in talks about the status of the territory.", "display": "The first humans settled in New Caledonia around 1600 B.C. The Lapita were skilled navigators, and evidence of their pottery around the Pacific has served as a guide for understan…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1917 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Australia", "display": "Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Australia", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Oceania", "display": "Oceania", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 18,575 sq km | land: 18,275 sq km | water: 300 sq km", "display": "total : 18,575 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 18575.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "2,254 km", "display": "2,254 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "coastal plains with interior mountains", "display": "coastal plains with interior mountains", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical; modified by southeast trade winds; hot, humid", "display": "tropical; modified by southeast trade winds; hot, humid", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Mont Panie 1,628 m | lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m", "display": "highest point: Mont Panie 1,628 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "cyclones, most frequent from November to March | volcanism: Matthew and Hunter Islands are historically active", "display": "cyclones, most frequent from November to March", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "nickel, chrome, iron, cobalt, manganese, silver, gold, lead, copper", "display": "nickel, chrome, iron, cobalt, manganese, silver, gold, lead, copper", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "most of the populace lives in the southern part of the main island, in and around the capital of Noumea", "display": "most of the populace lives in the southern part of the main island, in and around the capital of Noumea", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 307,612 (2025 est.) | male: 153,036 | female: 154,576", "display": "total: 307,612 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 307612.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.11% (2025 est.)", "display": "1.11% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0111, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 72.7% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 1.72% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 72.7% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "French (official), 33 Melanesian-Polynesian dialects | major-language sample(s): | The World Factbook, une source indispensable d'informations de base. (French) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "French (official), 33 Melanesian-Polynesian dialects", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Christian 85.2%, Muslim 2.8%, other 1.6%, unaffiliated 10.4% (2020 est.)", "display": "Christian 85.2%, Muslim 2.8%, other 1.6%, unaffiliated 10.4% (2020 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 79.3 years (2024 est.) | male: 75.4 years | female: 83.3 years", "display": "total population: 79.3 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 79.3, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 34.6 years (2025 est.) | male: 33.5 years | female: 35.1 years", "display": "total: 34.6 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "198,000 NOUMEA (capital) (2018)", "display": "198,000 NOUMEA (capital) (2018)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Territory of New Caledonia and Dependencies | conventional short form: New Caledonia | local long form: Territoire des Nouvelle-Calédonie et dépendances | local short form: Nouvelle-Calédonie | etymology: the name came from British explorer Captain James COOK in 1774 and uses the Latin name for Scotland, Caledonia", "display": "conventional long form: Territory of New Caledonia and Dependencies", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Noumea | geographic coordinates: 22 16 S, 166 27 E | time difference: UTC+11 (16 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: established in 1854 as Port-de-France, the settlement was renamed Noumea in 1866 to avoid confusion with Fort-de-France in Martinique; the name Noumea may come from the local name of the peninsula the city was founded on", "display": "name: Noumea", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary democracy (Territorial Congress); an overseas collectivity of France", "display": "parliamentary democracy (Territorial Congress); an overseas collectivity of France", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law system based on French civil law", "display": "civil law system based on French civil law", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: 4 October 1958 (French Constitution with changes as reflected in the Noumea Accord of 5 May 1998) | amendment process: French constitution amendment procedures apply", "display": "history: 4 October 1958 (French Constitution with changes as reflected in the Noumea Accord of 5 May 1998)", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1958 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "3 provinces; Province Iles (Islands Province), Province Nord (North Province), and Province Sud (South Province)", "display": "3 provinces; Province Iles (Islands Province), Province Nord (North Province), and Province Sud (South Province)", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ITUC (NGOs), PIF, SPC, UPU, WFTU (NGOs), WMO", "display": "ITUC (NGOs), PIF, SPC, UPU, WFTU (NGOs), WMO", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "upper-middle-income French Pacific territorial economy; enormous nickel reserves; ongoing French independence negotiations; large Chinese nickel exporter; luxury eco-tourism destination; large French aid recipient; high cost-of-living; lingering wealth disparities", "display": "upper-middle-income French Pacific territorial economy; enormous nickel reserves; ongoing French independence negotiations; large Chinese nickel exporter; luxury eco-tourism desti…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$8.469 billion (2024 est.) | $8.642 billion (2023 est.) | $8.678 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2015 dollars", "display": "$8.469 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 8.469, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$34,600 (2024 est.) | $35,000 (2023 est.) | $33,500 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2015 dollars", "display": "$34,600 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 34600.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3.5% (2022 est.) | -2.1% (2021 est.) | -2.4% (2020 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "3.5% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3.7% (2022 est.) | 0.6% (2021 est.) | -0.5% (2020 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "3.7% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.037000000000000005, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "11.2% (2024 est.) | 11% (2023 est.) | 10.8% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "11.2% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.11199999999999999, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "nickel mining and smelting", "display": "nickel mining and smelting", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "coconuts, vegetables, fruits, pork, beef, maize, eggs, bananas, yams, oranges (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "coconuts, vegetables, fruits, pork, beef, maize, eggs, bananas, yams, oranges (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "iron alloys, nickel, nickel ore, processed crustaceans, shellfish (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "iron alloys, nickel, nickel ore, processed crustaceans, shellfish (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, coal, cars, aircraft, packaged medicine (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, coal, cars, aircraft, packaged medicine (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 82% (2017 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 82% (2017 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.82, "estimate_year": 2017 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 56,000 (2022 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 19 (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 56,000 (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 56000.0, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 73.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 7.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 1.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 17.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 73.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "21 (2025)", "display": "21 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 3 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 1 | very small: 2 | ports with oil terminals: 1 | key ports: Baie de Kouaoua, Baie Ugue, Noumea", "display": "total ports: 3 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 23 (2023) | by type: general cargo 5, oil tanker 1, other 17", "display": "total: 23 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "preservation of coral reefs; prevention of invasive species; limiting erosion caused by nickel mining and forest fires", "display": "preservation of coral reefs; prevention of invasive species; limiting erosion caused by nickel mining and forest fires", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "4.887 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 2.312 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 2.575 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "4.887 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/new-caledonia.json" }, { "entity_id": "new-zealand", "name": "New Zealand", "source_code": "NZ", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Oceania", "roadmap_country": "New Zealand", "coverage_region": "Oceania", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 148, "published_fact_count": 51, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 5161211.0, "area_sq_km": 268838.0, "capital": "Wellington", "government_type": "parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm", "life_expectancy_years": 82.9, "urban_population_percent": 87.0, "internet_users_percent": 96.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 48200.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Polynesians settled New Zealand between the late 1200s and the mid-1300s. They called the land Aotearoa, which legend holds is the name of the canoe that Kupe, the first Polynesian in New Zealand, used to sail to the country; the name Aotearoa is now in widespread use as the local Maori name for the country. By the 1500s, competition for land and resources led to intermittent fighting between different Maori tribes as large game became extinct. Dutch explorer Abel TASMAN was the first European to see the islands in 1642 but left after an encounter with local Maori. British sea captain James COOK arrived in 1769, followed by whalers, sealers, and traders. The UK only nominally claimed New Zealand and included it as part of New South Wales in Australia. Concerns about increasing lawlessness led the UK to appoint its first British Resident in New Zealand in 1832, although the position had few legal powers. In 1835, some Maori tribes from the North Island declared independence. Fearing an impending French settlement and takeover, the majority of Maori chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi with the British in 1840. Land tenure issues stemming from the treaty are still being actively negotiated in New Zealand. | The UK declared New Zealand a separate colony in 1841 and granted limited self-government in 1852. Different traditions of authority and land use led to a series of wars between Europeans and various Maori tribes from the 1840s to the 1870s. Along with disease, these conflicts halved the Maori population. In the 1890s, New Zealand initially expressed interest in joining independence talks with Australia but ultimately opted against it and changed its status to an independent dominion in 1907. New Zealand provided more than 100,000 troops during each World War, many of whom fought as part of the Australia and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC). New Zealand reaffirmed its independence in 1947 and signed the Australia, New Zealand, and US (ANZUS) Treaty in 1951. | Beginning in 1984, New Zealand began to adopt nuclear-free policies, contributing to a dispute with the US over naval ship visits that led the US to suspend its defense obligations to New Zealand in 1986, but bilateral relations and military ties have been revitalized since the 2010s with new security agreements. A key challenge for Auckland that has emerged over the past decade is balancing concerns over China’s growing influence in the Pacific region with its role as New Zealand's largest export destination. New Zealand has close ties with Australia based to a large extent on the two nations’ common origins as British colonies and their shared military history.", "display": "Polynesians settled New Zealand between the late 1200s and the mid-1300s. They called the land Aotearoa, which legend holds is the name of the canoe that Kupe, the first Polynesia…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1907 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, southeast of Australia", "display": "Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, southeast of Australia", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Oceania", "display": "Oceania", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 268,838 sq km | land: 264,537 sq km | water: 4,301 sq km | note: includes Antipodes Islands, Auckland Islands, Bounty Islands, Campbell Island, Chatham Islands, and Kermadec Islands", "display": "total : 268,838 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 268838.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "15,134 km", "display": "15,134 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "predominately mountainous with large coastal plains", "display": "predominately mountainous with large coastal plains", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "temperate with sharp regional contrasts", "display": "temperate with sharp regional contrasts", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Aoraki/Mount Cook 3,724 m; note - the mountain's height was 3,764 m until 14 December 1991 when it lost about 10 m in an avalanche of rock and ice; erosion of the ice cap since then has brought the height down another 30 m | lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m | mean elevation: 388 m", "display": "highest point: Aoraki/Mount Cook 3,724 m; note - the mountain's height was 3,764 m until 14 December 1991 when it lost about 10 m in an avalanche of rock and ice; erosion of the i…", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1991 }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "earthquakes are common, though usually not severe; volcanic activity | volcanism: significant volcanism on North Island; Ruapehu (2,797 m) has a history of large eruptions in the past century; Taranaki has the potential to produce dangerous avalanches and lahars; other historically active volcanoes include Okataina, Raoul Island, Tongariro, and White Island; see note 2 under \"Geography - note\"", "display": "earthquakes are common, though usually not severe; volcanic activity", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "natural gas, iron ore, sand, coal, timber, hydropower, gold, limestone", "display": "natural gas, iron ore, sand, coal, timber, hydropower, gold, limestone", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "over three quarters of New Zealanders, including the Maori, live on the North Island, primarily in urban areas", "display": "over three quarters of New Zealanders, including the Maori, live on the North Island, primarily in urban areas", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 5,161,211 (2024 est.) | male: 2,584,607 | female: 2,576,604", "display": "total: 5,161,211 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 5161211.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.83% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.83% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0083, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 87% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.92% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 87% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "English (de facto official) 95.4%, Maori (de jure official) 4%, Samoan 2.2%, Northern Chinese 2%, Hindi 1.5%, French 1.2%, Yue 1.1%, New Zealand Sign Language (de jure official) 0.5%, other or not stated 17.2% (2018 est.) | note: shares sum to 124.1% due to multiple responses on the 2018 census", "display": "English (de facto official) 95.4%, Maori (de jure official) 4%, Samoan 2.2%, Northern Chinese 2%, Hindi 1.5%, French 1.2%, Yue 1.1%, New Zealand Sign Language (de jure official) 0…", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Christian 37.3% (Catholic 10.1%, Anglican 6.8%, Presbyterian and Congregational 5.2%, Pentecostal 1.8%, Methodist 1.6%, Church of Jesus Christ 1.2%, other 10.7%), Hindu 2.7%, Maori 1.3%, Muslim, 1.3%, Buddhist 1.1%, other religion 1.6% (includes Judaism, Spiritualism and New Age religions, Baha'i, Asian religions other than Buddhism), no religion 48.6%, objected to answering 6.7% (2018 est.) | note: based on the 2018 census of the usually resident population; percentages add up to more than 100% because respondents were able to identify more than one religion", "display": "Christian 37.3% (Catholic 10.1%, Anglican 6.8%, Presbyterian and Congregational 5.2%, Pentecostal 1.8%, Methodist 1.6%, Church of Jesus Christ 1.2%, other 10.7%), Hindu 2.7%, Maor…", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 82.9 years (2024 est.) | male: 81.2 years | female: 84.8 years", "display": "total population: 82.9 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 82.9, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 38.1 years (2025 est.) | male: 37.2 years | female: 38.6 years", "display": "total: 38.1 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.673 million Auckland, 422,000 WELLINGTON (capital) (2023)", "display": "1.673 million Auckland, 422,000 WELLINGTON (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 19 years (2023 est.) | male: 19 years (2023 est.) | female: 20 years (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 19 years (2023 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: none | conventional short form: New Zealand | former: Nieuw Zeeland | abbreviation: NZ | etymology: the name is an anglicized form of the Dutch name Nieuw Zeeland, or \"New Sea Land,\" which was first used in 1643 in honor of the Dutch province of Zeeland", "display": "conventional long form: none", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Wellington | geographic coordinates: 41 18 S, 174 47 E | time difference: UTC+12 (17 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in September; ends first Sunday in April | time zone note: New Zealand has two time zones: New Zealand standard time (UTC+12) and Chatham Islands time (45 minutes in advance of New Zealand standard time; UTC+12:45) | etymology: named in 1840 after Arthur WELLESLEY, the first Duke of Wellington, who was famous for his victory at Waterloo in 1815 and was a benefactor of the New Zealand Company that settled North Island", "display": "name: Wellington", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm", "display": "parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "common law system, based on English model, with special legislation and land courts for the Maori", "display": "common law system, based on English model, with special legislation and land courts for the Maori", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: New Zealand has no single constitution document; the Constitution Act 1986, effective 1 January 1987, includes only part of the uncodified constitution; others include a collection of statutes or \"acts of Parliament,\" the Treaty of Waitangi, Orders in Council, letters patent, court decisions, and unwritten conventions | amendment process: proposed as bill by Parliament or by referendum called either by the government or by citizens; passage of a bill as an act normally requires two separate readings with committee reviews in between to make changes and corrections, a third reading approved by the House of Representatives membership or by the majority of votes in a referendum, and assent of the governor-general; passage of amendments to reserved constitutional provisions affecting the term of Parliament, electoral districts, and voting restrictions requires approval by 75% of the House membership or the majority of votes in a referendum", "display": "history: New Zealand has no single constitution document; the Constitution Act 1986, effective 1 January 1987, includes only part of the uncodified constitution; others include a…", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1986 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "16 regions and 1 territory*; Auckland, Bay of Plenty, Canterbury, Chatham Islands*, Gisborne, Hawke's Bay, Manawatu-Wanganui, Marlborough, Nelson, Northland, Otago, Southland, Taranaki, Tasman, Waikato, Wellington, West Coast", "display": "16 regions and 1 territory*; Auckland, Bay of Plenty, Canterbury, Chatham Islands*, Gisborne, Hawke's Bay, Manawatu-Wanganui, Marlborough, Nelson, Northland, Otago, Southland, Tar…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ADB, ANZUS, APEC, ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, C, CD, CP, EAS, EBRD, FAO, FATF, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NSG, OECD, OPCW, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club (associate), PCA, PIF, SICA (observer), Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMISS, UNOOSA, UNTSO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ADB, ANZUS, APEC, ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, C, CD, CP, EAS, EBRD, FAO, FATF, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IF…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "high-income, globally integrated Pacific island economy; strong agriculture, manufacturing, and tourism sectors; reliant on Chinese market for exports; recovery trajectory following deep post-pandemic recession; challenges of fiscal deficits, below-average productivity, cost of living, and drop in net migration", "display": "high-income, globally integrated Pacific island economy; strong agriculture, manufacturing, and tourism sectors; reliant on Chinese market for exports; recovery trajectory followi…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$257.117 billion (2024 est.) | $257.443 billion (2023 est.) | $253.903 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$257.117 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 257.117, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$48,200 (2024 est.) | $49,100 (2023 est.) | $49,600 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$48,200 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 48200.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "-0.1% (2024 est.) | 1.4% (2023 est.) | 3.5% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "-0.1% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.9% (2024 est.) | 5.7% (2023 est.) | 7.2% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "2.9% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.028999999999999998, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "4.9% (2024 est.) | 3.8% (2023 est.) | 3.3% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "4.9% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.049, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "agriculture, forestry, fishing, logs and wood articles, manufacturing, mining, construction, financial services, real estate services, tourism", "display": "agriculture, forestry, fishing, logs and wood articles, manufacturing, mining, construction, financial services, real estate services, tourism", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "milk, beef, kiwifruit, apples, grapes, lamb/mutton, potatoes, wheat, barley, chicken (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "milk, beef, kiwifruit, apples, grapes, lamb/mutton, potatoes, wheat, barley, chicken (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "milk, wood, beef, butter, sheep and goat meat (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "milk, wood, beef, butter, sheep and goat meat (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, cars, gas turbines, broadcasting equipment, trucks (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, cars, gas turbines, broadcasting equipment, trucks (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 96% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 96% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.96, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 1.93 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 37 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 1.93 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 1930000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 12.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 0.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 59.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | geothermal: 17.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 1.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 12.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "121.647 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "121.647 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "206 (2025)", "display": "206 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 22 (2024) | large: 2 | medium: 1 | small: 10 | very small: 9 | ports with oil terminals: 14 | key ports: Auckland, Bluff Harbor, Gisborne, Manukau Harbor, Napier, Nelson, New Plymouth, Otago Harbor, Picton, Tauranga, Timaru, Wellington, Whangarei", "display": "total ports: 22 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 4,128 km (2018) | narrow gauge: 4,128 km (2018) 1.067-m gauge (506 km electrified)", "display": "total: 4,128 km (2018)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 117 (2023) | by type: container ship 2, general cargo 12, oil tanker 3, other 100", "display": "total: 117 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "water quality and availability; rapid urbanization; deforestation; soil erosion and degradation; native flora and fauna hard-hit by invasive species", "display": "water quality and availability; rapid urbanization; deforestation; soil erosion and degradation; native flora and fauna hard-hit by invasive species", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "33.506 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 4.24 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 21.836 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 7.43 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "33.506 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "327 billion cubic meters (2022)", "display": "327 billion cubic meters (2022)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 547 million cubic meters (2022) | industrial: 1.184 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 3.207 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 547 million cubic meters (2022)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: Antarctic Seals, Marine Life Conservation", "display": "party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Pari…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/new-zealand.json" }, { "entity_id": "nicaragua", "name": "Nicaragua", "source_code": "NI", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Central America and the Caribbean", "roadmap_country": "Nicaragua", "coverage_region": "Americas", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 141, "published_fact_count": 50, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 6739380.0, "area_sq_km": 130370.0, "capital": "Managua", "government_type": "presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 74.7, "urban_population_percent": 59.8, "internet_users_percent": 57.99999999999999, "electricity_access_percent": 86.5, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 7700.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "The Pacific coast of Nicaragua was settled as a Spanish colony in the early 16th century. Independence from Spain was declared in 1821, and the country became an independent republic in 1838. Britain occupied the Caribbean Coast in the first half of the 19th century, but gradually ceded control of the region in subsequent decades. By 1978, violent opposition to governmental manipulation and corruption resulted in a short-lived civil war that brought a civil-military coalition to power in 1979, spearheaded by Marxist Sandinista guerrillas led by Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra. Nicaraguan aid to leftist rebels in El Salvador prompted the US to sponsor anti-Sandinista Contra guerrillas through much of the 1980s. | After losing free and fair elections in 1990, 1996, and 2001, ORTEGA was elected president in 2006, 2011, 2016, and most recently in 2021. Municipal, regional, and national-level elections since 2008 have been marred by widespread irregularities. Democratic institutions have lost their independence under the ORTEGA regime as the president has assumed full control over all branches of government, as well as cracking down on a nationwide pro-democracy protest movement in 2018 and shuttering over 3,300 civil society organizations between 2018 and 2024. In the lead-up to the 2021 presidential election, authorities arrested over 40 individuals linked to the opposition, including presidential candidates, private sector leaders, NGO workers, human rights defenders, and journalists. Only five lesser-known presidential candidates from mostly small parties allied to ORTEGA's Sandinistas were allowed to run against ORTEGA. He then awarded the Sandinistas control of all 153 of Nicaraguan municipalities in the 2022 municipal elections, consolidating one-party rule.", "display": "The Pacific coast of Nicaragua was settled as a Spanish colony in the early 16th century. Independence from Spain was declared in 1821, and the country became an independent repub…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1978 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Central America, bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Pacific Ocean, between Costa Rica and Honduras", "display": "Central America, bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Pacific Ocean, between Costa Rica and Honduras", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Central America and the Caribbean", "display": "Central America and the Caribbean", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 130,370 sq km | land: 119,990 sq km | water: 10,380 sq km", "display": "total : 130,370 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 130370.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "910 km", "display": "910 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "extensive Atlantic coastal plains rising to central interior mountains; narrow Pacific coastal plain interrupted by volcanoes", "display": "extensive Atlantic coastal plains rising to central interior mountains; narrow Pacific coastal plain interrupted by volcanoes", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical in lowlands, cooler in highlands", "display": "tropical in lowlands, cooler in highlands", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Mogoton 2,085 m | lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m | mean elevation: 298 m", "display": "highest point: Mogoton 2,085 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "destructive earthquakes; volcanoes; landslides; extremely susceptible to hurricanes | volcanism: significant volcanic activity; Cerro Negro (728 m) is one of Nicaragua's most active volcanoes; its lava flows and ash have been known to cause significant damage to farmland and buildings; other historically active volcanoes include Concepcion, Cosiguina, Las Pilas, Masaya, Momotombo, San Cristobal, and Telica", "display": "destructive earthquakes; volcanoes; landslides; extremely susceptible to hurricanes", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "gold, silver, copper, tungsten, lead, zinc, timber, fish", "display": "gold, silver, copper, tungsten, lead, zinc, timber, fish", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "the overwhelming majority of the population resides in the western half of the country, with much of the urban growth centered in the capital city of Managua; coastal areas also show large population clusters", "display": "the overwhelming majority of the population resides in the western half of the country, with much of the urban growth centered in the capital city of Managua; coastal areas also s…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 6,739,380 (2025 est.) | male: 3,304,133 | female: 3,435,247", "display": "total: 6,739,380 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 6739380.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.92% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.92% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0092, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 59.8% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 1.45% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 59.8% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Spanish (official) 99.5%, Indigenous 0.3%, Portuguese 0.1%, other 0.1% (2020 est.) | major-language sample(s): | La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. | note: English and indigenous languages found on the Caribbean coast", "display": "Spanish (official) 99.5%, Indigenous 0.3%, Portuguese 0.1%, other 0.1% (2020 est.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Roman Catholic 44.9%, Protestant 38.7% (Evangelical 38.2, Adventist 0.5%), other 1.2%, (includes Jehovah's Witness and Church of Jesus Christ), believer but not belonging to a church 1%, agnostic or atheist 0.4%, none 13.7%, unspecified 0.2% (2020 est.)", "display": "Roman Catholic 44.9%, Protestant 38.7% (Evangelical 38.2, Adventist 0.5%), other 1.2%, (includes Jehovah's Witness and Church of Jesus Christ), believer but not belonging to a chu…", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 74.7 years (2024 est.) | male: 73.2 years | female: 76.4 years", "display": "total population: 74.7 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 74.7, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 29.5 years (2025 est.) | male: 28.1 years | female: 29.9 years", "display": "total: 29.5 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.095 million MANAGUA (capital) (2023)", "display": "1.095 million MANAGUA (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 12 years (2023 est.) | male: 12 years (2023 est.) | female: 12 years (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 12 years (2023 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Nicaragua | conventional short form: Nicaragua | local long form: República de Nicaragua | local short form: Nicaragua | etymology: 16th-century Spanish explorer Gil GONZALEZ Davila is said to have combined the name of a local chieftain, Nicarao, with the Spanish word agua (water), referring to the two large lakes in the west of the country (Lake Managua and Lake Nicaragua)", "display": "conventional long form: Republic of Nicaragua", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Managua | geographic coordinates: 12 08 N, 86 15 W | time difference: UTC-6 (1 hour behind Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: the name comes from Lake Managua, whose name is composed of the Guaraní words ama (rain) and nagua (spirit) and refers to a local deity", "display": "name: Managua", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "presidential republic", "display": "presidential republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law system; Supreme Court may review administrative acts", "display": "civil law system; Supreme Court may review administrative acts", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: several previous; latest adopted 19 November 1986, effective 9 January 1987 | amendment process: proposed by the president of the republic or assent of at least half of the National Assembly membership; passage requires approval by 60% of the membership of the next elected Assembly and promulgation by the president of the republic", "display": "history: several previous; latest adopted 19 November 1986, effective 9 January 1987", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1986 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "15 departments ( departamentos , singular - departamento ) and 2 autonomous regions* ( regiones autonomistas , singular - region autonoma ); Boaco, Carazo, Chinandega, Chontales, Costa Caribe Norte*, Costa Caribe Sur*, Estelí, Granada, Jinotega, Leon, Madriz, Managua, Masaya, Matagalpa, Nueva Segovia, Rio San Juan, Rivas", "display": "15 departments ( departamentos , singular - departamento ) and 2 autonomous regions* ( regiones autonomistas , singular - region autonoma ); Boaco, Carazo, Chinandega, Chontales,…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACS, BCIE, CACM, CD, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA (observer), MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, Petrocaribe, SICA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ACS, BCIE, CACM, CD, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LA…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "low-income Central American economy; until 2018, nearly 20 years of sustained GDP growth; recent struggles due to COVID-19, political instability, and hurricanes; significant remittances; increasing poverty and food scarcity since 2005; sanctions limit investment", "display": "low-income Central American economy; until 2018, nearly 20 years of sustained GDP growth; recent struggles due to COVID-19, political instability, and hurricanes; significant remi…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$52.989 billion (2024 est.) | $51.153 billion (2023 est.) | $48.985 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$52.989 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 52.989, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$7,700 (2024 est.) | $7,500 (2023 est.) | $7,300 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$7,700 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 7700.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3.6% (2024 est.) | 4.4% (2023 est.) | 3.6% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "3.6% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "4.6% (2024 est.) | 8.4% (2023 est.) | 10.5% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "4.6% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.046, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "4.6% (2024 est.) | 4.8% (2023 est.) | 5% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "4.6% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.046, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "food processing, chemicals, machinery and metal products, knit and woven apparel, petroleum refining and distribution, beverages, footwear, wood, electric wire harness manufacturing, mining", "display": "food processing, chemicals, machinery and metal products, knit and woven apparel, petroleum refining and distribution, beverages, footwear, wood, electric wire harness manufacturi…", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "sugarcane, milk, rice, oil palm fruit, maize, plantains, cassava, groundnuts, beans, chicken (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "sugarcane, milk, rice, oil palm fruit, maize, plantains, cassava, groundnuts, beans, chicken (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "garments, gold, insulated wire, coffee, beef (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "garments, gold, insulated wire, coffee, beef (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "garments, refined petroleum, crude petroleum, plastic products, fabric (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "garments, refined petroleum, crude petroleum, plastic products, fabric (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 58% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 58% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.58, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 371,000 (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 5 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 371,000 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 371000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 86.5% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 100% | electrification - rural areas: 66.3%", "display": "electrification - total population: 86.5% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 35.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 0.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 12.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 14.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | geothermal: 15.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 20.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 35.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "10.66 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "10.66 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "39 (2025)", "display": "39 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 5 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 2 | very small: 3 | ports with oil terminals: 4 | key ports: Bluefields, Corinto, El Bluff, Puerto Cabezas, Puerto Sandino", "display": "total ports: 5 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 5 (2023) | by type: general cargo 1, oil tanker 1, other 3", "display": "total: 5 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution; drought", "display": "deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution; drought", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "3.806 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 2 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 3.806 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "3.806 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "164.52 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "164.52 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 190 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 620,000 cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 1.084 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 190 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environ…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/nicaragua.json" }, { "entity_id": "niger", "name": "Niger", "source_code": "NE", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Africa", "roadmap_country": "Niger", "coverage_region": "Africa", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 144, "published_fact_count": 49, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 27322555.0, "area_sq_km": null, "capital": "Niamey", "government_type": "formerly, semi-presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 60.9, "urban_population_percent": 17.1, "internet_users_percent": 23.0, "electricity_access_percent": 19.5, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 1800.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": true }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Nomadic peoples from the Saharan north and agriculturalists from the south settled present-day Niger. The Taureg kingdom of Takedda was one of the largest kingdoms in the north and played a prominent role in regional trade in the 14 th century. In the south, the primary ethnic groups were the Songhai-Zarma in the west, the Hausa in the center, and the Kanuri in the east. When European colonizers arrived in the 19 th century, the region was an assemblage of disparate local kingdoms. | In the late 19th century, the British and French agreed to partition the middle regions of the Niger River, and France began its conquest of what would become the colony of Niger. France experienced determined local resistance -- particularly during the Tuareg uprising (1916-1917) -- but established a colonial administration in 1922. | After achieving independence from France in 1960, Niger experienced single-party or military rule until 1991, when political pressure forced General Ali SAIBOU to allow multiparty elections. Political infighting and democratic backsliding led to coups in 1996 and 1999. In 1999, military officers restored democratic rule and held elections that brought Mamadou TANDJA to power. TANDJA was reelected in 2004 and spearheaded a 2009 constitutional amendment allowing him to extend his presidential term. In 2010, military officers led another coup that deposed TANDJA. ISSOUFOU Mahamadou was elected in 2011 and reelected in 2016. In 2021, BAZOUM Mohamed won the presidential election, marking Niger’s first transition from one democratically elected president to another. Nonetheless, a military junta led by General Abdourahamane TIANI once again seized power in July 2023, detaining President BAZOUM and announcing the creation of a National Council for the Safeguarding of the Homeland (CNSP). | Niger is one of the poorest countries in the world with minimal government services and insufficient funds to develop its resource base. It is ranked fourth to last in the world on the UN Development Program's Human Development Index of 2023/2024. The largely agrarian and subsistence-based economy is frequently disrupted by extended droughts common to the Sahel region of Africa. The Nigerien Government continues its attempts to diversify the economy through increased oil production and mining projects. In addition, Niger is facing increased security concerns on its borders from various external threats including insecurity in Libya, spillover from the conflict and terrorism in Mali, and violent extremism in northeastern Nigeria.", "display": "Nomadic peoples from the Saharan north and agriculturalists from the south settled present-day Niger. The Taureg kingdom of Takedda was one of the largest kingdoms in the north an…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1916 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Western Africa, southeast of Algeria", "display": "Western Africa, southeast of Algeria", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Africa", "display": "Africa", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 1.267 million sq km | land: 1,266,700 sq km | water: 300 sq km", "display": "total : 1.267 million sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "0 km (landlocked)", "display": "0 km (landlocked)", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "predominately desert plains and sand dunes; flat to rolling plains in south; hills in north", "display": "predominately desert plains and sand dunes; flat to rolling plains in south; hills in north", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "desert; mostly hot, dry, dusty; tropical in extreme south", "display": "desert; mostly hot, dry, dusty; tropical in extreme south", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Idoukal-n-Taghes 2,022 m | lowest point: Niger River 200 m | mean elevation: 474 m", "display": "highest point: Idoukal-n-Taghes 2,022 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "recurring droughts", "display": "recurring droughts", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "uranium, coal, iron ore, tin, phosphates, gold, molybdenum, gypsum, salt, petroleum", "display": "uranium, coal, iron ore, tin, phosphates, gold, molybdenum, gypsum, salt, petroleum", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "majority of the populace is located in the southernmost extreme of the country along the border with Nigeria and Benin, as shown in this population distribution map", "display": "majority of the populace is located in the southernmost extreme of the country along the border with Nigeria and Benin, as shown in this population distribution map", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 27,322,555 (2025 est.) | male: 13,542,629 | female: 13,779,926", "display": "total: 27,322,555 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 27322555.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "3.65% (2025 est.)", "display": "3.65% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0365, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 17.1% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 4.72% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 17.1% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Hausa, Zarma, French (official), Fufulde, Tamashek, Kanuri, Gurmancema, Tagdal | note: represents the most-spoken languages; Niger has 10 national languages: Arabic, Buduma, Fulfuldé, Guimancema, Hausa, Kanuri, Sonay-Zarma, Tamajaq, Tassawaq, and Tubu", "display": "Hausa, Zarma, French (official), Fufulde, Tamashek, Kanuri, Gurmancema, Tagdal", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Muslim 95.5%, ethnic religionist 4.1%, Christian 0.3%, agnostics and other 0.1% (2020 est.)", "display": "Muslim 95.5%, ethnic religionist 4.1%, Christian 0.3%, agnostics and other 0.1% (2020 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 60.9 years (2024 est.) | male: 59.3 years | female: 62.5 years", "display": "total population: 60.9 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 60.9, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 15.3 years (2025 est.) | male: 14.9 years | female: 15.6 years", "display": "total: 15.3 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.437 million NIAMEY (capital) (2023)", "display": "1.437 million NIAMEY (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 35.6% (2022 est.) | male: 47.9% (2022 est.) | female: 25.7% (2022 est.)", "display": "total population: 35.6% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 6 years (2017 est.) | male: 7 years (2017 est.) | female: 6 years (2017 est.)", "display": "total: 6 years (2017 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2017 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Niger | conventional short form: Niger | local long form: République du Niger | local short form: Niger | etymology: named for the Niger River that passes through the southwest of the country; the name of the river probably comes from the local Tuareg name, egereou n-igereouen (big rivers) | note: pronounced nee-ZHAIR", "display": "conventional long form: Republic of Niger", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Niamey | geographic coordinates: 13 31 N, 2 07 E | time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: the origin of the name is unclear; one of many stories says that an African chief told his seven slaves \" Wa niammane ,\" meaning \"stay here,\" and the name was later shortened to its present form", "display": "name: Niamey", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "formerly, semi-presidential republic | Note: on 26 July 2023, the National Council for the Safeguard of the Homeland, a military junta which took control of Niger's government, dissolved all government institutions, and rules by decree", "display": "formerly, semi-presidential republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "note: following the 26 July 2023 military coup, the National Council for the Safeguard of the Homeland assumed control of all government institutions and rules by decree; formerly, mixed system of civil law, based on French civil law, Islamic law, and customary law", "display": "note: following the 26 July 2023 military coup, the National Council for the Safeguard of the Homeland assumed control of all government institutions and rules by decree; formerly…", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: several previous; passed by referendum 31 October 2010, entered into force 25 November 2010 | amendment process: formerly proposed by the president of the republic or the National Assembly; consideration of amendments requires at least three-fourths majority vote by the Assembly; passage requires at least four-fifths majority vote; if disapproved, the proposed amendment is dropped or submitted to a referendum; constitutional articles on the form of government, the multiparty system, the separation of state and religion, disqualification of Assembly members, amendment procedures, and amnesty of participants in the 2010 coup cannot be amended | note: on 26 July 2023, the National Council for the Safeguard of the Homeland, a military junta which took control of Niger's government, dissolved the country's constitution", "display": "history: several previous; passed by referendum 31 October 2010, entered into force 25 November 2010", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2010 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "7 regions ( régions , singular - région ) and 1 capital district* ( communauté urbaine ); Agadez, Diffa, Dosso, Maradi, Niamey*, Tahoua, Tillaberi, Zinder", "display": "7 regions ( régions , singular - région ) and 1 capital district* ( communauté urbaine ); Agadez, Diffa, Dosso, Maradi, Niamey*, Tahoua, Tillaberi, Zinder", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACP, AfDB, AU (suspended), CD, EITI (compliant country), Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LCBC, MIGA, MINUSCA, MNJTF, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ACP, AfDB, AU (suspended), CD, EITI (compliant country), Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "low-income Sahel economy; major instability and humanitarian crises limit economic activity; COVID-19 eliminated recent antipoverty gains; economy rebounding since December 2020 Nigerian border reopening and new investments; uranium resource rich", "display": "low-income Sahel economy; major instability and humanitarian crises limit economic activity; COVID-19 eliminated recent antipoverty gains; economy rebounding since December 2020 N…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$47.921 billion (2024 est.) | $44.199 billion (2023 est.) | $43.474 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$47.921 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 47.921, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$1,800 (2024 est.) | $1,700 (2023 est.) | $1,700 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$1,800 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 1800.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "8.4% (2024 est.) | 1.7% (2023 est.) | 11.9% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "8.4% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "9.1% (2024 est.) | 3.7% (2023 est.) | 4.2% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "9.1% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.091, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "0.4% (2024 est.) | 0.5% (2023 est.) | 0.5% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "0.4% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.004, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "uranium mining, petroleum, cement, brick, soap, textiles, food processing, chemicals, slaughterhouses", "display": "uranium mining, petroleum, cement, brick, soap, textiles, food processing, chemicals, slaughterhouses", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "millet, cowpeas, sorghum, onions, milk, sugarcane, cabbages, cassava, groundnuts, tomatoes (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "millet, cowpeas, sorghum, onions, milk, sugarcane, cabbages, cassava, groundnuts, tomatoes (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "gold, oil seeds, uranium and thorium ore, radioactive chemicals, refined petroleum (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "gold, oil seeds, uranium and thorium ore, radioactive chemicals, refined petroleum (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "rice, aircraft parts, iron structures, refined petroleum, centrifuges (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "rice, aircraft parts, iron structures, refined petroleum, centrifuges (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 23% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 23% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.23, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 14,000 (2022 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2022 est.) less than 1", "display": "total: 14,000 (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 14000.0, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 19.5% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 66.1% | electrification - rural areas: 7.7%", "display": "electrification - total population: 19.5% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 97% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 97% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "1.772 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "1.772 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "26 (2025)", "display": "26 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "overgrazing; soil erosion; deforestation; desertification; contaminated water; inadequate potable water; wildlife populations (such as elephant, hippopotamus, giraffe, and lion) threatened by poaching and habitat destruction", "display": "overgrazing; soil erosion; deforestation; desertification; contaminated water; inadequate potable water; wildlife populations (such as elephant, hippopotamus, giraffe, and lion) t…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "3.132 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 622,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 2.457 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 52,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "3.132 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "34,050,000,000 cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "34,050,000,000 cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 193.247 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 38.654 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 2.351 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 193.247 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environ…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/niger.json" }, { "entity_id": "nigeria", "name": "Nigeria", "source_code": "NG", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Africa", "roadmap_country": "Nigeria", "coverage_region": "Africa", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 154, "published_fact_count": 51, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 244344065.0, "area_sq_km": 923768.0, "capital": "Abuja", "government_type": "federal presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 62.2, "urban_population_percent": 54.3, "internet_users_percent": 39.0, "electricity_access_percent": 60.5, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 5700.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "In ancient and pre-colonial times, the area of present-day Nigeria was occupied by a variety of ethnic groups with different languages and traditions. These included large Islamic kingdoms such as Borno, Kano, and the Sokoto Caliphate dominating the north, the Benin and Oyo Empires that controlled much of modern western Nigeria, and more decentralized political entities and city states in the south and southeast. In 1914, the British amalgamated their separately administered northern and southern territories into a Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria. | Nigeria achieved independence from Britain in 1960 and transitioned to a federal republic with three constituent states in 1963 under President Nnamdi AZIKIWE. This structure served to enflame regional and ethnic tension, contributing to a bloody coup led by predominately southeastern military officers in 1966 and a countercoup later that year masterminded by northern officers. In the aftermath of this tension, the governor of Nigeria’s Eastern Region, centered on the southeast, declared the region independent as the Republic of Biafra. The ensuring civil war (1967-1970), resulted in more than a million deaths, many from starvation. While the war forged a stronger Nigerian state and national identity, it contributed to long-lasting mistrust of the southeast’s predominantly Igbo population. Wartime military leader Yakubu GOWON ruled until a bloodless coup by frustrated junior officers in 1975. This generation of officers, including Olusegun OBASANJO, Ibrahim BABANGIDA, and Muhammadu BUHARI, who would all later serve as president, continue to exert significant influence in Nigeria to the present day. | Military rule predominated until the first durable transition to civilian government and adoption of a new constitution in 1999. The elections of 2007 marked the first civilian-to-civilian transfer of power in the country's history. National and state elections in 2011 and 2015 were generally regarded as credible. The 2015 election was also heralded for the fact that the then-umbrella opposition party, the All Progressives Congress, defeated the long-ruling (since 1999) People's Democratic Party and assumed the presidency, marking the first peaceful transfer of power from one party to another. Presidential and legislative elections in 2019 and 2023 were deemed broadly free and fair despite voting irregularities, intimidation, and violence. The government of Africa's most populous nation continues to face the daunting task of institutionalizing democracy and reforming a petroleum-based economy whose revenues have been squandered through decades of corruption and mismanagement. In addition, Nigeria faces increasing violence from Islamic terrorism, largely in the northeast, large scale criminal banditry, secessionist violence in the southeast, and competition over land and resources nationwide.", "display": "In ancient and pre-colonial times, the area of present-day Nigeria was occupied by a variety of ethnic groups with different languages and traditions. These included large Islamic…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1914 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Benin and Cameroon", "display": "Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Benin and Cameroon", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Africa", "display": "Africa", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 923,768 sq km | land: 910,768 sq km | water: 13,000 sq km", "display": "total : 923,768 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 923768.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "853 km", "display": "853 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "southern lowlands merge into central hills and plateaus; mountains in southeast, plains in north", "display": "southern lowlands merge into central hills and plateaus; mountains in southeast, plains in north", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "varies; equatorial in south, tropical in center, arid in north", "display": "varies; equatorial in south, tropical in center, arid in north", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Chappal Waddi 2,419 m | lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m | mean elevation: 380 m", "display": "highest point: Chappal Waddi 2,419 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "periodic droughts; flooding", "display": "periodic droughts; flooding", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "natural gas, petroleum, tin, iron ore, coal, limestone, niobium, lead, zinc, arable land", "display": "natural gas, petroleum, tin, iron ore, coal, limestone, niobium, lead, zinc, arable land", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "largest population of any African nation; significant population clusters are scattered throughout the country, with the highest density areas being in the south and southwest, as shown in this population distribution map", "display": "largest population of any African nation; significant population clusters are scattered throughout the country, with the highest density areas being in the south and southwest, as…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 244,344,065 (2025 est.) | male: 123,511,557 | female: 120,832,508", "display": "total: 244,344,065 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 244344065.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "2.39% (2025 est.)", "display": "2.39% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0239, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 54.3% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 3.92% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 54.3% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "English (official), Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo (Ibo), Fulani, over 500 additional indigenous languages", "display": "English (official), Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo (Ibo), Fulani, over 500 additional indigenous languages", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Muslim 53.5%, Roman Catholic 10.6%, other Christian 35.3%, other 0.6% (2018 est.)", "display": "Muslim 53.5%, Roman Catholic 10.6%, other Christian 35.3%, other 0.6% (2018 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 62.2 years (2024 est.) | male: 60.4 years | female: 64.2 years", "display": "total population: 62.2 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 62.2, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 19.4 years (2025 est.) | male: 19.1 years | female: 19.6 years", "display": "total: 19.4 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "15.946 million Lagos, 4.348 million Kano, 3.875 million Ibadan, 3.840 million ABUJA (capital), 3.480 million Port Harcourt, 1.905 million Benin City (2023)", "display": "15.946 million Lagos, 4.348 million Kano, 3.875 million Ibadan, 3.840 million ABUJA (capital), 3.480 million Port Harcourt, 1.905 million Benin City (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 63.2% (2021 est.) | male: 73.7% (2021 est.) | female: 53.3% (2021 est.)", "display": "total population: 63.2% (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Federal Republic of Nigeria | conventional short form: Nigeria | etymology: named for the Niger River that flows through the west of the country to the Atlantic Ocean; 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latest adopted 5 May 1999, effective 29 May 1999 | amendment process: proposed by the National Assembly; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of both houses and approval by the Houses of Assembly of at least two thirds of the states; amendments to constitutional articles on the creation of a new state, fundamental constitutional rights, or constitution-amending procedures requires at least four-fifths majority vote by both houses of the National Assembly and approval by the Houses of Assembly in at least two thirds of the states; passage of amendments limited to the creation of a new state require at least two-thirds majority vote by the proposing National Assembly house and approval by the Houses of Assembly in two thirds of the states", "display": "history: several previous; latest adopted 5 May 1999, effective 29 May 1999", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1999 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "36 states and 1 territory*; Abia, Adamawa, Akwa Ibom, Anambra, Bauchi, Bayelsa, Benue, Borno, Cross River, Delta, Ebonyi, Edo, Ekiti, Enugu, Federal Capital Territory*, Gombe, Imo, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Kogi, Kwara, Lagos, Nasarawa, Niger, Ogun, Ondo, Osun, Oyo, Plateau, Rivers, Sokoto, Taraba, Yobe, Zamfara", "display": "36 states and 1 territory*; Abia, Adamawa, Akwa Ibom, Anambra, Bauchi, Bayelsa, Benue, Borno, Cross River, Delta, Ebonyi, Edo, Ekiti, Enugu, Federal Capital Territory*, Gombe, Imo…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACP, AfDB, ATMIS, AU, C, CD, D-8, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LCBC, MIGA, MINURSO, MNJTF, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNITAR, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ACP, AfDB, ATMIS, AU, C, CD, D-8, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "largest African market economy; enormous but mostly lower middle income labor force; major oil exporter; key telecommunications and finance industries; susceptible to global energy price shocks; regional leader in critical infrastructure; primarily agrarian employment", "display": "largest African market economy; enormous but mostly lower middle income labor force; major oil exporter; key telecommunications and finance industries; susceptible to global energ…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$1.318 trillion (2024 est.) | $1.275 trillion (2023 est.) | $1.239 trillion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$1.318 trillion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 1318.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$5,700 (2024 est.) | $5,600 (2023 est.) | $5,600 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$5,700 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 5700.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3.4% (2024 est.) | 2.9% (2023 est.) | 3.3% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "3.4% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "33.2% (2024 est.) | 24.7% (2023 est.) | 18.8% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "33.2% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.332, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3% (2024 est.) | 3.1% (2023 est.) | 3.9% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "3% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.03, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "crude oil, coal, tin, columbite; rubber products, wood; hides and skins, textiles, cement and other construction materials, food products, footwear, chemicals, fertilizer, printing, ceramics, steel", "display": "crude oil, coal, tin, columbite; rubber products, wood; hides and skins, textiles, cement and other construction materials, food products, footwear, chemicals, fertilizer, printin…", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "cassava, yams, maize, oil palm fruit, rice, taro, bananas, vegetables, sorghum, groundnuts (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "cassava, yams, maize, oil palm fruit, rice, taro, bananas, vegetables, sorghum, groundnuts (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "crude petroleum, natural gas, gold, fertilizers, cocoa beans (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "crude petroleum, natural gas, gold, fertilizers, cocoa beans (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, tanks and armored vehicles, wheat, plastics, cars (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, tanks and armored vehicles, wheat, plastics, cars (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 39% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 39% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.39, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 117,000 (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2023 est.) less than 1", "display": "total: 117,000 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 117000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 60.5% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 89% | electrification - rural areas: 27%", "display": "electrification - total population: 60.5% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 77.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 22.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 77.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "7.993 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "7.993 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "50 (2025)", "display": "50 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 28 (2024) | large: 2 | medium: 1 | small: 1 | very small: 24 | ports with oil terminals: 23 | key ports: Antan Oil Terminal, Bonny, Lagos, Pennington Oil Terminal", "display": "total ports: 28 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 3,798 km (2014) | standard gauge: 293 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge | narrow gauge: 3,505 km (2014) 1.067-m gauge | note: as of the end of 2018, there were only six operational locomotives in Nigeria primarily used for passenger service; the majority of the rail lines are in a severe state of disrepair and need to be replaced", "display": "total: 3,798 km (2014)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2014 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 928 (2023) | by type: general cargo 23, oil tanker 128, other 777", "display": "total: 928 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "urban air and water pollution; rapid deforestation; soil degradation; loss of arable land; water, air, and soil pollution from oil spills", "display": "urban air and water pollution; rapid deforestation; soil degradation; loss of arable land; water, air, and soil pollution from oil spills", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "114.397 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 2.962 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 72.425 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 39.01 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "114.397 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "286.2 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "286.2 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 5 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 1.965 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 5.51 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 5 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: Tropical Timber 2006", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardo…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/nigeria.json" }, { "entity_id": "niue", "name": "Niue", "source_code": "NU", "source_entity_class": "dependency-or-territory", "source_region": "Oceania", "roadmap_country": null, "coverage_region": null, "roadmap_status": "additional", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 86, "published_fact_count": 41, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 1815.0, "area_sq_km": 260.0, "capital": "Alofi", "government_type": "parliamentary democracy", "life_expectancy_years": null, "urban_population_percent": 48.2, "internet_users_percent": 80.0, "electricity_access_percent": null, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 11100.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2021, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Voyagers from Samoa first settled on Niue around A.D. 900, and a second main group of settlers came from Tonga around 1500. With only one reliable source of fresh water, conflict was high on the island. Samoan and Tongan customs heavily influenced Niuean culture, including the formation of an island-wide elected kingship system in the early 1700s. In 1774, British explorer James COOK landed on the island and named it Savage Island because of the Niueans' hostility. Missionaries arrived in 1830 but were also largely unsuccessful at staying on the island until 1846, when a Niuean trained as a Samoan missionary returned to the island and provided a space from which the missionaries could work. In addition to converting the population, the missionaries worked to stop the violent conflicts and helped establish the first parliament in 1849. | Great Britain established a protectorate over Niue in 1900. The following year, Niue was annexed to New Zealand and included as part of the Cook Islands. Niue’s remoteness and cultural and linguistic differences with the Cook Islands led New Zealand to separate Niue into its own administration in 1904. The island became internally self-governing in 1974; it is an independent member of international organizations but is in free association with New Zealand, which is responsible for defense and foreign affairs. In September 2023, the US recognized Niue as a sovereign and independent state.", "display": "Voyagers from Samoa first settled on Niue around A.D. 900, and a second main group of settlers came from Tonga around 1500. With only one reliable source of fresh water, conflict…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1900 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Tonga", "display": "Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Tonga", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Oceania", "display": "Oceania", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 260 sq km | land: 260 sq km | water: 0 sq km", "display": "total : 260 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 260.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "64 km", "display": "64 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "steep limestone cliffs along coast, central plateau", "display": "steep limestone cliffs along coast, central plateau", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical; modified by southeast trade winds", "display": "tropical; modified by southeast trade winds", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: unnamed elevation 1.4 km east of Hikutavake 80 m | lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m", "display": "highest point: unnamed elevation 1.4 km east of Hikutavake 80 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical cyclones", "display": "tropical cyclones", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "arable land, fish", "display": "arable land, fish", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "population distributed around the peripheral coastal areas of the island", "display": "population distributed around the peripheral coastal areas of the island", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 1,815 (2024 est.) | male: 877 (2024 est.) | female: 938 (2024 est.)", "display": "total: 1,815 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 1815.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "-0.03% (2021 est.)", "display": "-0.03% (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": -0.0003, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 48.2% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 1.43% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 48.2% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Niuean 46% (official, a Polynesian language closely related to Tongan and Samoan), Niuean and English 32%, English (official) 11%, Niuean and others 5%, other 6% (2011 est.)", "display": "Niuean 46% (official, a Polynesian language closely related to Tongan and Samoan), Niuean and English 32%, English (official) 11%, Niuean and others 5%, other 6% (2011 est.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2011 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Ekalesia Niue 61.7%, Latter Day Saints 8.7%, Roman Catholic 8.4%, other 8.2%, not stated 5.1%, none 3.7%, Jehovah's Witnesses 2.7%, Seventh Day Adventist 1.4% (2017 est.)", "display": "Ekalesia Niue 61.7%, Latter Day Saints 8.7%, Roman Catholic 8.4%, other 8.2%, not stated 5.1%, none 3.7%, Jehovah's Witnesses 2.7%, Seventh Day Adventist 1.4% (2017 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2017 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "male: 71.8 years (2016) | female: 75.7 years (2016 est.)", "display": "male: 71.8 years (2016)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2016 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1,000 ALOFI (capital) (2018)", "display": "1,000 ALOFI (capital) (2018)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 99.5% (2022 est.) | male: 100% (2022 est.) | female: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "total population: 99.5% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: none | conventional short form: Niue | former: Savage Island | etymology: the origin of the name is obscure; in Niuean, the word translates as \"behold the coconut;\" the former name, Savage Island, was the result of an acrimonious meeting in 1774 between English explorer Captain James COOK and local people | note: pronunciation falls between nyu-way and new-way, but not like new-wee", "display": "conventional long form: none", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Alofi | geographic coordinates: 19 01 S, 169 55 W | time difference: UTC-11 (6 hours behind Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: a traditional name for an area of the island; became the name for the newly declared capital in the 20th century", "display": "name: Alofi", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary democracy", "display": "parliamentary democracy", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "English common law", "display": "English common law", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: several previous (New Zealand colonial statutes); latest 19 October 1974 (Niue Constitution Act 1974) | amendment process: proposed by the Assembly; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly membership in each of three readings and approval by at least two-thirds majority votes in a referendum; passage of amendments to a number of sections, including Niue’s self-governing status, British nationality and New Zealand citizenship, external affairs and defense, economic and administrative assistance by New Zealand, and amendment procedures, requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly and at least two thirds of votes in a referendum", "display": "history: several previous (New Zealand colonial statutes); latest 19 October 1974 (Niue Constitution Act 1974)", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1974 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US government, but 14 villages are considered second-order", "display": "no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US government, but 14 villages are considered second-order", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACP, AOSIS, FAO, IFAD, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO", "display": "ACP, AOSIS, FAO, IFAD, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "upper-middle-income self-governing New Zealand territorial economy; environmentally fragile; massive emigration; post-pandemic tourism rebound; postage stamps, small-scale agricultural processing, and subsistence farming; most recent Asian Development Bank member", "display": "upper-middle-income self-governing New Zealand territorial economy; environmentally fragile; massive emigration; post-pandemic tourism rebound; postage stamps, small-scale agricul…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$18.7 million (2021 est.) | $19.9 million (2020 est.) | $20.9 million (2019 est.)", "display": "$18.7 million (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 0.018699999999999998, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$11,100 (2021 est.) | $11,800 (2020 est.) | $12,400 (2019 est.) | note: data are in 2009 dollars", "display": "$11,100 (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 11100.0, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "handicrafts, food processing", "display": "handicrafts, food processing", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "coconuts, taro, fruits, sweet potatoes, tropical fruits, yams, vegetables, lemons/limes, bananas, pork (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "coconuts, taro, fruits, sweet potatoes, tropical fruits, yams, vegetables, lemons/limes, bananas, pork (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "abrasive powder, coin (2023) | note: top export commodities based on value in dollars over $500,000", "display": "abrasive powder, coin (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, plastic products, machine parts, construction vehicles, cars (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, plastic products, machine parts, construction vehicles, cars (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 80% (2024 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 80% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.8, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 100% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 100% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "1 (2025)", "display": "1 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 1 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 0 | very small: 1 | ports with oil terminals: 0 | key ports: Alofi", "display": "total ports: 1 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 70 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 5, container ship 2, general cargo 29, oil tanker 4, other 30", "display": "total: 70 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "increasing attention to conservationist practices to counter loss of soil fertility from traditional slash-and-burn agriculture", "display": "increasing attention to conservationist practices to counter loss of soil fertility from traditional slash-and-burn agriculture", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "9,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 9,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "9,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/niue.json" }, { "entity_id": "norfolk-island", "name": "Norfolk Island", "source_code": "NF", "source_entity_class": "dependency-or-territory", "source_region": "Oceania", "roadmap_country": null, "coverage_region": null, "roadmap_status": "additional", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 63, "published_fact_count": 30, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 1739.0, "area_sq_km": 36.0, "capital": "Kingston", "government_type": "administered as an overseas territory of Australia", "life_expectancy_years": null, "urban_population_percent": null, "internet_users_percent": 46.1, "electricity_access_percent": null, "gdp_per_capita_usd": null, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": null, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Polynesians lived on Norfolk Island between 1200 and 1500, but the remote island was uninhabited by the time British explorer James COOK landed on the island in 1774. Two British attempts at establishing the island as a penal colony (1788-1814 and 1825-55) were ultimately abandoned. | In 1856, almost 200 Pitcairn Islanders -- descendants of the Bounty mutineers and their Tahitian companions -- were relocated to Norfolk Island because of overcrowding on the Pitcairn Islands. Some returned to the Pitcairn Islands over the next few years, but most settled permanently on Norfolk Island and recreated their previous land tenure and governance structures. Norfolk Island retained a great degree of local control until 1897, when it became a dependency of New South Wales. During World War II, Norfolk Island was an airbase and an important refueling stop in the South Pacific. In 1976, an Australian judge recommended Norfolk Island be incorporated fully into Australia, which Norfolk Islanders rejected. After an appeal to the UN, Australia granted limited self-government to Norfolk Island in 1979. | With growing financial troubles during the 2000s, Australia abolished the Norfolk Island Legislative Assembly in 2015, reduced Norfolk Island’s autonomy in 2016, and suspended the local council in 2020. Most services are provided by a mix of the Australian Capital Territory and the states of New South Wales and Queensland. These moves were unpopular on Norfolk Island, which has sought to have its self-government restored and as of 2024, the Australian Government was working with Norfolk Island to establish a new local governing body.", "display": "Polynesians lived on Norfolk Island between 1200 and 1500, but the remote island was uninhabited by the time British explorer James COOK landed on the island in 1774. Two British…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1976 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Australia", "display": "Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Australia", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Oceania", "display": "Oceania", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 36 sq km | land: 36 sq km | water: 0 sq km", "display": "total : 36 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 36.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "32 km", "display": "32 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "volcanic island with mostly rolling plains", "display": "volcanic island with mostly rolling plains", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "subtropical; mild, little seasonal temperature variation", "display": "subtropical; mild, little seasonal temperature variation", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Mount Bates 319 m | lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m", "display": "highest point: Mount Bates 319 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical cyclones (especially May to July)", "display": "tropical cyclones (especially May to July)", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "fish", "display": "fish", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "population concentrated around the capital of Kingston", "display": "population concentrated around the capital of Kingston", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 1,739 (2021) | male: 823 | female: 916", "display": "total: 1,739 (2021)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 1739.0, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.01% (2014 est.)", "display": "0.01% (2014 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0001, "estimate_year": 2014 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "English (official) 44.9%, Norfolk (official, a mixture of 18th century English and ancient Tahitian) 40.3%, Fijian 1.8%, other 6.8%, unspecified 6.2% (2016 est.) | note: data represent language spoken at home", "display": "English (official) 44.9%, Norfolk (official, a mixture of 18th century English and ancient Tahitian) 40.3%, Fijian 1.8%, other 6.8%, unspecified 6.2% (2016 est.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2016 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Protestant 46.8% (Anglican 29.2%, Uniting Church in Australia 9.8%, Presbyterian 2.9%, Seventh Day Adventist 2.7%, other 2.2%), Roman Catholic 12.6%, other Christian 2.9%, other 1.4%, none 26.7%, unspecified 9.5% (2016 est.)", "display": "Protestant 46.8% (Anglican 29.2%, Uniting Church in Australia 9.8%, Presbyterian 2.9%, Seventh Day Adventist 2.7%, other 2.2%), Roman Catholic 12.6%, other Christian 2.9%, other 1…", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2016 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Territory of Norfolk Island | conventional short form: Norfolk Island | etymology: named by British explorer Captain James COOK after Edward HOWARD, the ninth Duke of Norfolk, in 1774", "display": "conventional long form: Territory of Norfolk Island", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Kingston | geographic coordinates: 29 03 S, 167 58 E | time difference: UTC+11 (16 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, begins first Sunday in October; ends first Sunday in April | etymology: the name blends the words \"king's\" and \"town;\" the English king at the time of the town's settlement in the late 18th century was GEORGE III", "display": "name: Kingston", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "administered as an overseas territory of Australia | note: the Norfolk Island Regional Council, which began operations 1 July 2016, is responsible for planning and managing a variety of public services, including those funded by the Government of Australia", "display": "administered as an overseas territory of Australia", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2016 }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "English common law and the laws of Australia", "display": "English common law and the laws of Australia", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: previous 1913, 1957; 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former tax haven…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "tourism, light industry, ready mixed concrete", "display": "tourism, light industry, ready mixed concrete", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "Norfolk Island pine seed, Kentia palm seed, cereals, vegetables, fruit; cattle, poultry", "display": "Norfolk Island pine seed, Kentia palm seed, cereals, vegetables, fruit; cattle, poultry", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "pine seeds, lumber, cars and vehicle parts, soybeans, lactose syrup (2021) | top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "pine seeds, lumber, cars and vehicle parts, soybeans, lactose syrup (2021)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, plastics, electrical lighting/signalling equipment, cars, machinery (2023)", "display": "refined petroleum, plastics, electrical lighting/signalling equipment, cars, machinery (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 46.1% (2021 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 46.1% (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.461, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "1 (2025)", "display": "1 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 1 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 0 | very small: 1 | ports with oil terminals: 1 | key ports: Kingston", "display": "total ports: 1 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "inadequate solid-waste management; most freshwater obtained through rainwater catchment; preservation of unique ecosystem", "display": "inadequate solid-waste management; most freshwater obtained through rainwater catchment; preservation of unique ecosystem", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/norfolk-island.json" }, { "entity_id": "north-macedonia", "name": "North Macedonia", "source_code": "MK", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Europe", "roadmap_country": "North Macedonia", "coverage_region": "Europe", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 143, "published_fact_count": 50, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 2137556.0, "area_sq_km": 25713.0, "capital": "Skopje", "government_type": "parliamentary republic", "life_expectancy_years": 77.3, "urban_population_percent": 59.5, "internet_users_percent": 87.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 24500.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": true }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "North Macedonia gained its independence peacefully from Yugoslavia in 1991 under the name of \"Macedonia.\" Greece objected to the new country’s name, insisting it implied territorial pretensions to the northern Greek province of Macedonia, and democratic backsliding for several years stalled North Macedonia's movement toward Euro-Atlantic integration. Immediately after Macedonia declared independence, Greece sought to block its efforts to gain UN membership if the name \"Macedonia\" was used. The country was eventually admitted to the UN in 1993 as \"The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,\" and at the same time it agreed to UN-sponsored negotiations on the name dispute. In 1995, Greece lifted a 20-month trade embargo and the two countries agreed to normalize relations, but the issue of the name remained unresolved amid ongoing negotiations. As an interim measure, the US and over 130 other nations recognized Macedonia by its constitutional name, Republic of Macedonia. | Ethnic Albanian grievances over perceived political and economic inequities escalated into an armed conflict in 2001 that eventually led to the internationally brokered Ohrid Framework Agreement, which ended the fighting and established guidelines for constitutional amendments and new laws that enhanced the rights of minorities. In 2018, the government adopted a new law on languages, which elevated the Albanian language to an official language at the national level and kept the Macedonian language as the sole official language in international relations, but ties between ethnic Macedonians and ethnic Albanians remain complicated. | In 2018, Macedonia and Greece signed the Prespa Agreement whereby Macedonia agreed to change its name to North Macedonia, and the agreement went in to force on 12 February 2019. North Macedonia joined NATO in 2020 after amending its constitution as agreed and opened EU accession talks in 2022 after a two-year veto by Bulgaria over identity, language, and historical disputes. The 2014 legislative and presidential election triggered a political crisis that lasted almost three years and escalated in 2015 when the opposition party began releasing wiretapped material revealing alleged widespread government corruption and abuse. The country still faces challenges, including fully implementing reforms to overcome years of democratic backsliding, stimulating economic growth and development, and fighting organized crime and corruption.", "display": "North Macedonia gained its independence peacefully from Yugoslavia in 1991 under the name of \"Macedonia.\" Greece objected to the new country’s name, insisting it implied territori…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1991 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southeastern Europe, north of Greece", "display": "Southeastern Europe, north of Greece", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Europe", "display": "Europe", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 25,713 sq km | land: 25,433 sq km | water: 280 sq km", "display": "total : 25,713 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 25713.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "0 km (landlocked)", "display": "0 km (landlocked)", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mountainous with deep basins and valleys; three large lakes, each divided by a frontier line; country bisected by the Vardar River", "display": "mountainous with deep basins and valleys; three large lakes, each divided by a frontier line; country bisected by the Vardar River", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "warm, dry summers and autumns; relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall", "display": "warm, dry summers and autumns; relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Golem Korab (Maja e Korabit) 2,764 m | lowest point: Vardar River 50 m | mean elevation: 741 m", "display": "highest point: Golem Korab (Maja e Korabit) 2,764 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "high seismic risks", "display": "high seismic risks", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "low-grade iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, chromite, manganese, nickel, tungsten, gold, silver, asbestos, gypsum, timber, arable land", "display": "low-grade iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, chromite, manganese, nickel, tungsten, gold, silver, asbestos, gypsum, timber, arable land", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations", "display": "a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 2,137,556 (2025 est.) | male: 1,065,634 | female: 1,071,922", "display": "total: 2,137,556 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 2137556.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.08% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.08% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0008, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 59.5% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.61% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 59.5% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Macedonian (official) 61.4%, Albanian (official) 24.3%, Turkish 3.4%, Romani 1.7%, other (includes Aromanian (Vlach) and Bosnian) 2%, unspecified 7.2% (2021 est.) | major-language sample(s): | Книга на Светски Факти, неопходен извор на основни информации. (Macedonian) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. | note: data represent mother tongue; minority languages are co-official with Macedonian in municipalities where at least 20% of the population are speakers, with Albanian co-official in Tetovo, Brvenica, Vrapciste, and other municipalities, Turkish in Centar Zupa and Plasnica, Romani in Suto Orizari, Aromanian in Krusevo, Serbian in Cucer Sandevo", "display": "Macedonian (official) 61.4%, Albanian (official) 24.3%, Turkish 3.4%, Romani 1.7%, other (includes Aromanian (Vlach) and Bosnian) 2%, unspecified 7.2% (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Orthodox 46.1%, Islam 32.2%, Christian 13.2%, Other 7.2%; less than 1%: atheist, Catholic, other religions, not specified, Protestant (2021 est.)", "display": "Orthodox 46.1%, Islam 32.2%, Christian 13.2%, Other 7.2%; less than 1%: atheist, Catholic, other religions, not specified, Protestant (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 77.3 years (2024 est.) | male: 75.3 years | female: 79.6 years", "display": "total population: 77.3 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 77.3, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 40.9 years (2025 est.) | male: 39.4 years | female: 41.6 years", "display": "total: 40.9 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "611,000 SKOPJE (capital) (2023)", "display": "611,000 SKOPJE (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "female: 97.8% (2018 est.)", "display": "female: 97.8% (2018 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 15 years (2022 est.) | male: 14 years (2022 est.) | female: 15 years (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 15 years (2022 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of North Macedonia | conventional short form: North Macedonia | local long form: Republika Severna Makedonija | local short form: Severna Makedonija | former: Democratic Federal Macedonia, People's Republic of Macedonia, Socialist Republic of Macedonia, Republic of Macedonia | etymology: the name derives from the ancient kingdom of Macedon (7th to 2nd centuries B.C.), whose name origin is unclear; it may derive from the mythological Macedon, the son of the Greek god Zeus; alternatively, it may come from the Greek word makednos , meaning \"tail,\" or the Illyrian word maketia , meaning \"cattle\"", "display": "conventional long form: Republic of North Macedonia", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Skopje | geographic coordinates: 42 00 N, 21 26 E | time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October | etymology: the name is of Illyrian or Macedonian origin, and the meaning is unclear; derives from Scupi, its name during the Roman era", "display": "name: Skopje", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary republic", "display": "parliamentary republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts", "display": "civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": 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"estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "BIS, CD, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, EU (candidate country), FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO | note: North Macedonia is an EU candidate country whose satisfactory completion of accession criteria is required before being granted full EU membership", "display": "BIS, CD, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, EU (candidate country), FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, ITUC…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "upper-middle-income European economy; GDP growth driven by private consumption, public infrastructure investments, and wage growth; stalled progress on EU accession; public debt rising due to high pensions, wages, and interest payments; structural challenges of emigration, low productivity growth, and governance", "display": "upper-middle-income European economy; GDP growth driven by private consumption, public infrastructure investments, and wage growth; stalled progress on EU accession; public debt r…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$43.844 billion (2024 est.) | $42.668 billion (2023 est.) | $41.801 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$43.844 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 43.844, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$24,500 (2024 est.) | $23,300 (2023 est.) | $22,800 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$24,500 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 24500.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.8% (2024 est.) | 2.1% (2023 est.) | 2.8% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "2.8% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3.5% (2024 est.) | 9.4% (2023 est.) | 14.2% (2022 est.) | note: 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"Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "chillies/peppers, milk, wheat, potatoes, grapes, barley, cabbages, maize, watermelons, tomatoes (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "chillies/peppers, milk, wheat, potatoes, grapes, barley, cabbages, maize, watermelons, tomatoes (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "reaction and catalytic products, insulated wire, electricity, garments, seats (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "reaction and catalytic products, insulated wire, electricity, garments, seats (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "platinum, refined petroleum, laboratory ceramic ware, cars, natural gas (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "platinum, refined petroleum, laboratory ceramic ware, cars, natural gas (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 87% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 87% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.87, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 515,000 (2022 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 28 (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 515,000 (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 515000.0, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 68.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 4.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 2.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 24% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 0.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 68.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "56.104 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "56.104 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "13 (2025)", "display": "13 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 699 km (2020) 313 km electrified", "display": "total: 699 km (2020) 313 km electrified", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "air pollution from metallurgical plants, smoke from wood-burning stoves, and vehicle emissions", "display": "air pollution from metallurgical plants, smoke from wood-burning stoves, and vehicle emissions", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "7.369 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 3.014 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 3.682 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 673,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "7.369 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "6.4 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "6.4 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 305.4 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 31.54 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 139 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 305.4 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/north-macedonia.json" }, { "entity_id": "northern-mariana-islands", "name": "Northern Mariana Islands", "source_code": "MP", "source_entity_class": "dependency-or-territory", "source_region": "Oceania", "roadmap_country": null, "coverage_region": null, "roadmap_status": "additional", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 91, "published_fact_count": 38, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 51118.0, "area_sq_km": 464.0, "capital": "Saipan", "government_type": "a commonwealth in political union with and under the sovereignty of the US; republican form of government with separate executive, legislative, and judicial branches", "life_expectancy_years": 77.1, "urban_population_percent": 92.1, "internet_users_percent": 25.1, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": null, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": null, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Austronesian people settled the Northern Mariana Islands around 1500 B.C. These people became the indigenous Chamorro and were influenced by later migrations, including Micronesians in the first century A.D. and island Southeast Asians around 900. Spanish explorer Ferdinand MAGELLAN sailed through the Mariana Islands in 1521, and Spain claimed them in 1565. Spain formally colonized the Mariana Islands in 1668 and administered the archipelago from Guam. Spain’s brutal repression of the Chamorro, along with new diseases and intermittent warfare, reduced the indigenous population by about 90% in the 1700s. With a similar dynamic occurring on Guam, Spain forced the Chamorro from the Northern Mariana Islands to resettle there. By the time they returned, many other Micronesians, including Chuukese and Yapese, had already settled on their islands. | In 1898, Spain ceded Guam to the US after the Spanish-American War but sold the Northern Mariana Islands to Germany under the German-Spanish Treaty of 1899. Germany administered the territory from German New Guinea but took a hands-off approach to day-to-day life. Following World War I, Japan administered the islands under a League of Nations mandate. Japan focused on sugar production and brought in thousands of Japanese laborers, who quickly outnumbered the Chamorro on the islands. During World War II, Japan invaded Guam from the Northern Mariana Islands and used Marianan Chamorro as translators with Guamanian Chamorro, creating friction between the two Chamorro communities that continues to this day. The US captured the Northern Mariana Islands in 1944 after the Battle of Saipan and later administered them as part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (TTPI). | On four occasions in the 1950s and 1960s, voters opted for integration with Guam, which Guam rejected in 1969. In 1978, the Northern Mariana Islands was granted self-governance separate from the rest of the TTPI, and in 1986, islanders were granted US citizenship, with the territory coming under US sovereignty as the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI). In 2009, the CNMI became the final US territory to elect a nonvoting delegate to the US Congress.", "display": "Austronesian people settled the Northern Mariana Islands around 1500 B.C. These people became the indigenous Chamorro and were influenced by later migrations, including Micronesia…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1944 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Oceania, islands in the North Pacific Ocean, about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to the Philippines", "display": "Oceania, islands in the North Pacific Ocean, about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to the Philippines", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Oceania", "display": "Oceania", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 464 sq km | land: 464 sq km | water: 0 sq km | note: consists of 14 islands including Saipan, Rota, and Tinian", "display": "total : 464 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 464.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "1,482 km", "display": "1,482 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "the southern islands in this north-south trending archipelago are limestone, with fringing coral reefs; the northern islands are volcanic, with active volcanoes on several islands", "display": "the southern islands in this north-south trending archipelago are limestone, with fringing coral reefs; the northern islands are volcanic, with active volcanoes on several islands", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical marine; moderated by northeast trade winds, little seasonal temperature variation; dry season December to June, rainy season July to October", "display": "tropical marine; moderated by northeast trade winds, little seasonal temperature variation; dry season December to June, rainy season July to October", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Agrihan Volcano 965 m | lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m", "display": "highest point: Agrihan Volcano 965 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "active volcanoes on Pagan and Agrihan; typhoons (especially August to November)", "display": "active volcanoes on Pagan and Agrihan; typhoons (especially August to November)", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "arable land, fish", "display": "arable land, fish", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "approximately 90% of the population lives on the island of Saipan", "display": "approximately 90% of the population lives on the island of Saipan", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 51,118 (2024 est.) | male: 27,044 | female: 24,074", "display": "total: 51,118 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 51118.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "-0.33% (2025 est.)", "display": "-0.33% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": -0.0033, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 92.1% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.36% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 92.1% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Philippine languages 32.8%, Chamorro (official) 24.1%, English (official) 17%, other Pacific island languages 10.1% (includes Carolinian (official), Chinese 6.8%, other Asian languages 7.3%, other 1.9% (2010 est.)", "display": "Philippine languages 32.8%, Chamorro (official) 24.1%, English (official) 17%, other Pacific island languages 10.1% (includes Carolinian (official), Chinese 6.8%, other Asian lang…", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2010 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Christian (Roman Catholic majority, although traditional beliefs and taboos may still be found)", "display": "Christian (Roman Catholic majority, although traditional beliefs and taboos may still be found)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 77.1 years (2024 est.) | male: 75 years | female: 79.5 years", "display": "total population: 77.1 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 77.1, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 32.6 years (2025 est.) | male: 31.8 years | female: 33.2 years", "display": "total: 32.6 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "51,000 SAIPAN (capital) (2018)", "display": "51,000 SAIPAN (capital) (2018)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands | conventional short form: Northern Mariana Islands | former: Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, Mariana Islands District | abbreviation: CNMI | etymology: Spain named the islands in 1667 in honor of the Spanish Queen, MARIANA of Austria", "display": "conventional long form: Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Saipan | geographic coordinates: 15 12 N, 145 45 E | time difference: UTC+10 (15 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: the origin of the name is unclear; it probably comes from a local word meaning \"deserted\" or \"uninhabited,\" but stories vary on how it came to be used", "display": "name: Saipan", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "a commonwealth in political union with and under the sovereignty of the US; republican form of government with separate executive, legislative, and judicial branches", "display": "a commonwealth in political union with and under the sovereignty of the US; republican form of government with separate executive, legislative, and judicial branches", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "the laws of the US apply, except for customs and some aspects of taxation", "display": "the laws of the US apply, except for customs and some aspects of taxation", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: partially effective 9 January 1978 (Constitution of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands); fully effective 4 November 1986 (Covenant Agreement) | amendment process: proposed by constitutional convention, by public petition, or by the Legislature; ratification of proposed amendments requires approval by voters at the next general election or special election; amendments proposed by constitutional convention or by petition become effective if approved by a majority of voters and at least two-thirds majority of voters in each of two senatorial districts; amendments proposed by the Legislature are effective if approved by majority vote", "display": "history: partially effective 9 January 1978 (Constitution of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands); fully effective 4 November 1986 (Covenant Agreement)", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1978 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US government, but 4 municipalities are considered second-order: Northern Islands, Rota, Saipan, Tinian", "display": "no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US government, but 4 municipalities are considered second-order: Northern Islands, Rota, Saipan, Tinian", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "PIF (observer), SPC, UPU", "display": "PIF (observer), SPC, UPU", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "US Pacific island commonwealth economy; growing Chinese and Korean tourist destination; hit hard by 2018 typhoon; dependent on energy imports; exempt from some US labor and immigration laws; longstanding garment production", "display": "US Pacific island commonwealth economy; growing Chinese and Korean tourist destination; hit hard by 2018 typhoon; dependent on energy imports; exempt from some US labor and immigr…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$1.242 billion (2016 est.) | $933 million (2015 est.) | $845 million (2014 est.) | note: GDP estimate includes US subsidy; data are in 2013 dollars", "display": "$1.242 billion (2016 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 1.242, "estimate_year": 2016 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "16.6% (2022 est.) | 5% (2021 est.) | -29.1% (2020 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "16.6% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "tourism, banking, construction, fishing, handicrafts, other services", "display": "tourism, banking, construction, fishing, handicrafts, other services", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "vegetables and melons, fruits and nuts; ornamental plants; livestock, poultry, eggs; fish and aquaculture products", "display": "vegetables and melons, fruits and nuts; ornamental plants; livestock, poultry, eggs; fish and aquaculture products", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "scrap iron, refined petroleum, scrap copper, hydraulic engines, integrated circuits (2021) | top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "scrap iron, refined petroleum, scrap copper, hydraulic engines, integrated circuits (2021)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, cars, jewelry, trunks and cases, flavored water (2023)", "display": "refined petroleum, cars, jewelry, trunks and cases, flavored water (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 25.1% (2021 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 25.1% (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.251, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "4 (2025)", "display": "4 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 3 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 1 | very small: 2 | ports with oil terminals: 1 | key ports: Rota, Saipan, Tinian", "display": "total ports: 3 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "contamination of groundwater on Saipan; clean-up of landfill; protection of endangered species", "display": "contamination of groundwater on Saipan; clean-up of landfill; protection of endangered species", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/northern-mariana-islands.json" }, { "entity_id": "norway", "name": "Norway", "source_code": "NO", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Europe", "roadmap_country": "Norway", "coverage_region": "Europe", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 150, "published_fact_count": 51, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 5509733.0, "area_sq_km": 323802.0, "capital": "Oslo", "government_type": "parliamentary constitutional monarchy", "life_expectancy_years": 82.9, "urban_population_percent": 84.0, "internet_users_percent": 99.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 91100.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Two centuries of Viking raids into Europe tapered off after King Olav TRYGGVASON adopted Christianity in 994; conversion of the Norwegian kingdom occurred over the next several decades. In 1397, Norway was absorbed into a union with Denmark that lasted more than four centuries. In 1814, Norwegians resisted the cession of their country to Sweden and adopted a new constitution. Sweden then invaded Norway but agreed to let Norway keep its constitution in return for accepting the union under a Swedish king. Rising nationalism throughout the 19th century led to a 1905 referendum granting Norway independence. Norway remained neutral in World War I and proclaimed its neutrality at the outset of World War II, but Nazi Germany nonetheless occupied the country for five years (1940-45). In 1949, Norway abandoned neutrality and became a member of NATO. Discovery of oil and gas in adjacent waters in the late 1960s boosted Norway's economic fortunes. In referenda held in 1972 and 1994, Norway rejected joining the EU. Key domestic issues include immigration and integration of ethnic minorities, maintaining the country's extensive social safety net with an aging population, and preserving economic competitiveness.", "display": "Two centuries of Viking raids into Europe tapered off after King Olav TRYGGVASON adopted Christianity in 994; conversion of the Norwegian kingdom occurred over the next several de…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1905 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Northern Europe, bordering the North Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Sweden", "display": "Northern Europe, bordering the North Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Sweden", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Europe", "display": "Europe", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 323,802 sq km | land: 304,282 sq km | water: 19,520 sq km", "display": "total : 323,802 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 323802.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "25,148 km | note: includes the mainland at 2,650 km, as well as long fjords, numerous small islands, and minor indentations at 22,498 km; length of island coastlines is 58,133 km", "display": "25,148 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "glaciated; mostly high plateaus and rugged mountains broken by fertile valleys; small, scattered plains; coastline deeply indented by fjords; arctic tundra in north", "display": "glaciated; mostly high plateaus and rugged mountains broken by fertile valleys; small, scattered plains; coastline deeply indented by fjords; arctic tundra in north", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "temperate along coast, modified by North Atlantic Current; colder interior with increased precipitation and colder summers; rainy year-round on west coast", "display": "temperate along coast, modified by North Atlantic Current; colder interior with increased precipitation and colder summers; rainy year-round on west coast", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Galdhopiggen 2,469 m | lowest point: Norwegian Sea 0 m | mean elevation: 460 m", "display": "highest point: Galdhopiggen 2,469 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "rockslides, avalanches | volcanism: Beerenberg (2,227 m) on Jan Mayen Island in the Norwegian Sea is the country's only active volcano", "display": "rockslides, avalanches", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, titanium, pyrites, nickel, fish, timber, hydropower", "display": "petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, titanium, pyrites, nickel, fish, timber, hydropower", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "most people live in the south; population clusters are found along the North Sea coast in the southwest and Skaggerak in the southeast; the interior areas of the north remain sparsely populated", "display": "most people live in the south; population clusters are found along the North Sea coast in the southwest and Skaggerak in the southeast; the interior areas of the north remain spar…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 5,509,733 (2024 est.) | male: 2,780,972 | female: 2,728,761", "display": "total: 5,509,733 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 5509733.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.57% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.57% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.005699999999999999, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 84% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 1.32% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) | note: data include Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands", "display": "urban population: 84% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Bokmal Norwegian (official), Nynorsk Norwegian (official), small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities | major-language sample(s): | Verdens Faktabok, den essensielle kilden for grunnleggende informasjon. (Norwegian) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. | note: Sami has three dialects (Lule, North Sami, and South Sami) and is an official language in nine municipalities in the northernmost counties of Finnmark, Nordland, and Troms", "display": "Bokmal Norwegian (official), Nynorsk Norwegian (official), small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Church of Norway (Evangelical Lutheran - official) 67.5%, Muslim 3.1%, Roman Catholic 3.1%, other Christian 3.8%, other 2.6%, unspecified 19.9% (2021 est.)", "display": "Church of Norway (Evangelical Lutheran - official) 67.5%, Muslim 3.1%, Roman Catholic 3.1%, other Christian 3.8%, other 2.6%, unspecified 19.9% (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 82.9 years (2024 est.) | male: 81.3 years | female: 84.6 years", "display": "total population: 82.9 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 82.9, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 41 years (2025 est.) | male: 40.1 years | female: 41.5 years", "display": "total: 41 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.086 million OSLO (capital) (2023)", "display": "1.086 million OSLO (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 19 years (2023 est.) | male: 18 years (2023 est.) | female: 20 years (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 19 years (2023 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Kingdom of Norway | conventional short form: Norway | local long form: Kongeriket Norge | local short form: Norge | etymology: derives from the Old Norse words norre and vegr , meaning \"northern way,\" and refers to the long coastline of western Norway", "display": "conventional long form: Kingdom of Norway", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Oslo | geographic coordinates: 59 55 N, 10 45 E | time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October | etymology: the name may derive from the Old Norwegian word os , meaning \"estuary\" and referring to the city's location on a fjord; alternatively, the name may come from As, a Scandinavian god, and Lo, a nearby river", "display": "name: Oslo", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary constitutional monarchy", "display": "parliamentary constitutional monarchy", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "mixed system of civil, common, and customary law; Supreme Court can advise on legislative acts", "display": "mixed system of civil, common, and customary law; Supreme Court can advise on legislative acts", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: drafted spring 1814, adopted 16 May 1814, signed by Constituent Assembly 17 May 1814 | amendment process: proposals submitted by members of Parliament or by the government within the first three years of Parliament's four-year term; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of a two-thirds quorum in the next elected Parliament", "display": "history: drafted spring 1814, adopted 16 May 1814, signed by Constituent Assembly 17 May 1814", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "12 counties ( fylker , singular - fylke ); Agder, Innlandet, More og Romsdal, Nordland, Oslo, Rogaland, Romsdal, Troms og Finnmark, Trondelag, Vestfold og Telemark, Vestland, Viken (2024)", "display": "12 counties ( fylker , singular - fylke ); Agder, Innlandet, More og Romsdal, Nordland, Oslo, Rogaland, Romsdal, Troms og Finnmark, Trondelag, Vestfold og Telemark, Vestland, Vike…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EFTA, EITI (implementing country), ESA, FAO, FATF, IADB, 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electricity exports; major fishing, forestry, and oil(?) extraction industries; oil sovereign fund supports generous welfare system; low unemployment; inflation moderating but remains above target level", "display": "high-income, non-EU economy with trade links via European Economic Area (EEA); key role in European energy security as leader in oil, gas, and electricity exports; major fishing,…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$507.68 billion (2024 est.) | $497.236 billion (2023 est.) | $496.877 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$507.68 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 507.68, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$91,100 (2024 est.) | $90,100 (2023 est.) | $91,100 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$91,100 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 91100.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.1% (2024 est.) | 0.1% (2023 est.) | 3.2% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "2.1% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3.1% (2024 est.) | 5.5% (2023 est.) | 5.8% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "3.1% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.031, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "4% (2024 est.) | 3.6% (2023 est.) | 3.3% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "4% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.04, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "petroleum and gas, shipping, fishing, aquaculture, food processing, shipbuilding, pulp and paper products, metals, chemicals, timber, mining, textiles", "display": "petroleum and gas, shipping, fishing, aquaculture, food processing, shipbuilding, pulp and paper products, metals, chemicals, timber, mining, textiles", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "milk, barley, potatoes, oats, wheat, pork, chicken, beef, eggs, carrots/turnips (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "milk, barley, potatoes, oats, wheat, pork, chicken, beef, eggs, carrots/turnips (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "natural gas, crude petroleum, fish, refined petroleum, aluminum (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "natural gas, crude petroleum, fish, refined petroleum, aluminum (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "cars, refined petroleum, ships, nickel, garments (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "cars, refined petroleum, ships, nickel, garments (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 99% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 99% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.99, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 2.49 million (2022 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 46 (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 2.49 million (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 2490000.0, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 1.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 9.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 89.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 1.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "206.961 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "206.961 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "146 (2025)", "display": "146 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 141 (2024) | large: 1 | medium: 10 | small: 34 | very small: 90 | size unknown: 6 | ports with oil terminals: 54 | key ports: Bergen, Drammen, Hammerfest, Harstad, Horten, Karsto, Mongstad, Oslo, Stavanger, Tromso, Trondheim", "display": "total ports: 141 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 3,848 km (2020) 2,482 km electrified", "display": "total: 3,848 km (2020) 2,482 km electrified", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 1,720 (2022) | by type: bulk carrier 109, container ship 1, general cargo 274, oil tanker 95, other 1,241", "display": "total: 1,720 (2022)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "water pollution; acid rain damaging forests and affecting lakes and fish stocks; air pollution from vehicle emissions", "display": "water pollution; acid rain damaging forests and affecting lakes and fish stocks; air pollution from vehicle emissions", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "38.535 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 2.929 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 25.576 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 10.029 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "38.535 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "393 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "393 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 773.41 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 1.071 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 844.9 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 773.41 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/norway.json" }, { "entity_id": "oman", "name": "Oman", "source_code": "OM", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Middle East", "roadmap_country": "Oman", "coverage_region": "Asia", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 142, "published_fact_count": 51, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 3969824.0, "area_sq_km": 309500.0, "capital": "Muscat", "government_type": "absolute monarchy", "life_expectancy_years": 77.4, "urban_population_percent": 88.4, "internet_users_percent": 95.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 36700.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "The inhabitants of the area of present-day Oman have long prospered from Indian Ocean trade. In the late 18th century, the nascent sultanate in Muscat signed the first in a series of friendship treaties with Britain. Over time, Oman's dependence on British political and military advisors increased, although the sultanate never became a British colony. In 1970, QABOOS bin Said Al Said overthrew his father and ruled as sultan for the next five decades. His extensive modernization program opened the country to the outside world. He prioritized strategic ties to the UK and US, and his moderate, independent foreign policy allowed Oman to maintain good relations with its neighbors and avoid external entanglements. | In 2011, the popular uprisings that swept the Middle East and North Africa inspired demonstrations in Oman that called for more jobs and economic benefits and an end to corruption. In response, QABOOS implemented economic and political reforms such as granting Oman’s legislative body more power and authorizing direct elections for its lower house. Additionally, the sultan increased unemployment benefits and issued a royal directive mandating a national public- and private-sector job creation plan. As part of the government's efforts to decentralize authority and allow greater citizen participation in local governance, Oman successfully conducted its first municipal council elections in 2012. QABOOS, Oman's longest reigning monarch, died in 2020. His cousin, HAYTHAM bin Tariq Al Said, former Minister of Heritage and Culture, was sworn in as Oman's new sultan the same day.", "display": "The inhabitants of the area of present-day Oman have long prospered from Indian Ocean trade. In the late 18th century, the nascent sultanate in Muscat signed the first in a series…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1970 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Middle East, bordering the Arabian Sea, Gulf of Oman, and Persian Gulf, between Yemen and the UAE", "display": "Middle East, bordering the Arabian Sea, Gulf of Oman, and Persian Gulf, between Yemen and the UAE", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Middle East", "display": "Middle East", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 309,500 sq km | land: 309,500 sq km | water: 0 sq km", "display": "total : 309,500 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 309500.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "2,092 km", "display": "2,092 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "central desert plain, rugged mountains in north and south", "display": "central desert plain, rugged mountains in north and south", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "dry desert; hot, humid along coast; hot, dry interior; strong southwest summer monsoon (May to September) in far south", "display": "dry desert; hot, humid along coast; hot, dry interior; strong southwest summer monsoon (May to September) in far south", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Jabal Shams 3,004 m | lowest point: Arabian Sea 0 m | mean elevation: 310 m", "display": "highest point: Jabal Shams 3,004 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "summer winds often raise large sandstorms and dust storms in interior; periodic droughts", "display": "summer winds often raise large sandstorms and dust storms in interior; periodic droughts", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "petroleum, copper, asbestos, some marble, limestone, chromium, gypsum, natural gas", "display": "petroleum, copper, asbestos, some marble, limestone, chromium, gypsum, natural gas", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "the vast majority of the population is located in and around the Al Hagar Mountains in the north; another smaller cluster is found around the city of Salalah in the far south; most of the country remains sparsely populated", "display": "the vast majority of the population is located in and around the Al Hagar Mountains in the north; another smaller cluster is found around the city of Salalah in the far south; mos…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 3,969,824 (2025 est.) | male: 2,130,080 | female: 1,839,744", "display": "total: 3,969,824 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 3969824.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.7% (2025 est.)", "display": "1.7% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.017, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 88.4% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 2.32% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 88.4% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Arabic (official), English, Baluchi, Swahili, Urdu, Indian dialects | major-language sample(s): | كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Arabic (official), English, Baluchi, Swahili, Urdu, Indian dialects", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Muslim 85.9%, Christian 6.4%, Hindu 5.7%, other and unaffiliated 2% (2020 est.) | note: Omani citizens represent approximately 56.4% of the population and are overwhelming Muslim (Ibadhi and Sunni sects each constitute about 45% and Shia about 5%); 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high levels of soil and water salinity in the coastal plains; beach pollution from oil spills; industrial effluents in the water table and aquifers; desertification due to high winds driving desert sand into arable lands", "display": "limited natural freshwater resources; high levels of soil and water salinity in the coastal plains; beach pollution from oil spills; industrial effluents in the water table and aq…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "84.073 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 661,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 28.611 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 54.8 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "84.073 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "1.4 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "1.4 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 130 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 238 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 1.547 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 130 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardo…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/oman.json" }, { "entity_id": "pacific-ocean", "name": "Pacific Ocean", "source_code": "ZN", "source_entity_class": "global-or-ocean", "source_region": null, "roadmap_country": null, "coverage_region": null, "roadmap_status": "additional", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 18, "published_fact_count": 10, "available_lenses": [ "place", "institutions", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": null, "area_sq_km": null, "capital": null, "government_type": null, "life_expectancy_years": null, "urban_population_percent": null, "internet_users_percent": null, "electricity_access_percent": null, "gdp_per_capita_usd": null, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": null, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the world's five ocean basins (followed by the Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Southern Ocean, and Arctic Ocean). Strategically important access waterways include the La Perouse, Tsugaru, Tsushima, Taiwan, Singapore, and Torres Straits. The International Hydrographic Organization decision in 2000 to delimit a fifth world ocean basin, the Southern Ocean, removed the portion of the Pacific Ocean south of 60 degrees south. For convenience and because of its immense size, the Pacific Ocean is often divided at the Equator and designated as the North Pacific Ocean and the South Pacific Ocean.", "display": "The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the world's five ocean basins (followed by the Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Southern Ocean, and Arctic Ocean). Strategically important access…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2000 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "body of water between the Southern Ocean, Asia, Australia, and the Western Hemisphere", "display": "body of water between the Southern Ocean, Asia, Australia, and the Western Hemisphere", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 168.723 million sq km | note: includes Arafura Sea, Bali Sea, Banda Sea, Bering Sea, Bering Strait, Celebes Sea, Coral Sea, East China Sea, Flores Sea, Gulf of Alaska, Gulf of Thailand, Gulf of Tonkin, Java Sea, Philippine Sea, Sea of Japan, Sea of Okhotsk, Solomon Sea, South China Sea, Sulu Sea, Tasman Sea, and other tributary water bodies", "display": "total : 168.723 million sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "135,663 km", "display": "135,663 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "planetary air pressure systems and resultant wind patterns exhibit remarkable uniformity in the south and east; trade winds and westerly winds are well-developed patterns, modified by seasonal fluctuations; tropical cyclones (hurricanes) may form south of Mexico from June to October and affect Mexico and Central America; continental influences cause climatic uniformity to be much less pronounced in the eastern and western regions at the same latitude in the North Pacific Ocean; the western Pacific is monsoonal - a rainy season occurs during the summer months, when moisture-laden winds blow from the ocean over the land, and a dry season during the winter months, when dry winds blow from the Asian landmass back to the ocean; tropical cyclones (typhoons) may strike southeast and east Asia from May to December", "display": "planetary air pressure systems and resultant wind patterns exhibit remarkable uniformity in the south and east; trade winds and westerly winds are well-developed patterns, modifie…", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: sea level | lowest point: Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench -10,924 m | mean depth: -4,080 m | ocean zones: the ocean is divided into three zones based on depth and light level; sunlight entering the water may travel about 1,000 m into the oceans under the right conditions, but there is rarely any significant light below 200 m | euphotic zone : the upper 200 m (656 ft) is also called \"sunlight\" zone; only a small amount of light penetrates beyond this depth | dysphotic zone : between 200 m (656 ft) and 1,000 m (3,280 ft), and also called the twilight zone; the intensity of light rapidly dissipates as depth increases, and photosynthesis is no longer possible | aphotic zone : below 1,000 m (3,280 ft) and also called the midnight zone; sunlight does not penetrate to these depths | note: the Pacific Ocean is the deepest ocean basin", "display": "highest point: sea level", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "surrounded by a zone of violent volcanic and earthquake activity sometimes referred to as the \"Pacific Ring of Fire\"; up to 90% of the world's earthquakes and some 75% of the world's volcanoes occur within the Ring of Fire; 80% of tsunamis, caused by volcanic or seismic events, occur within the \"Pacific Ring of Fire\"; subject to tropical cyclones (typhoons) in southeast and east Asia from May to December (most frequent from July to October); tropical cyclones (hurricanes) may form south of Mexico and strike Central America and Mexico from June to October (most common in August and September); cyclical El Niño/La Niña phenomenon occurs in the equatorial Pacific, influencing weather in the Western Hemisphere and the western Pacific; ships subject to superstructure icing in extreme north from October to May; persistent fog in the northern Pacific can be a maritime hazard from June to December", "display": "surrounded by a zone of violent volcanic and earthquake activity sometimes referred to as the \"Pacific Ring of Fire\"; up to 90% of the world's earthquakes and some 75% of the worl…", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "oil and gas fields, polymetallic nodules, sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, fish", "display": "oil and gas fields, polymetallic nodules, sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, fish", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "etymology: named by Portuguese explorer Ferdinand MAGELLAN while circumnavigating the world in 1520; he called it \"Mar Pacifico,\" which means \"peaceful sea\" in both Portuguese and Spanish, because he encountered no storms during the crossing", "display": "etymology: named by Portuguese explorer Ferdinand MAGELLAN while circumnavigating the world in 1520; he called it \"Mar Pacifico,\" which means \"peaceful sea\" in both Portuguese and…", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "pollution from sources such as sewage, nutrient runoff from agriculture, plastic pollution, and toxic waste; habitat destruction; overfishing; sea level-rise and ocean acidification; endangered marine species include the dugong, sea lion, sea otter, seals, turtles, and whales; oil pollution in Philippine Sea and South China Sea", "display": "pollution from sources such as sewage, nutrient runoff from agriculture, plastic pollution, and toxic waste; habitat destruction; overfishing; sea level-rise and ocean acidificati…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/pacific-ocean.json" }, { "entity_id": "pakistan", "name": "Pakistan", "source_code": "PK", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Asia", "roadmap_country": "Pakistan", "coverage_region": "Asia", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 158, "published_fact_count": 52, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 257047044.0, "area_sq_km": 796095.0, "capital": "Islamabad", "government_type": "federal parliamentary republic", "life_expectancy_years": 70.3, "urban_population_percent": 38.0, "internet_users_percent": 27.0, "electricity_access_percent": 95.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 5500.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "The Indus Valley civilization, one of the oldest in the world and dating back at least 5,000 years, spread over much of modern-day Pakistan. During the second millennium B.C., remnants of this culture fused with the migrating Indo-Aryan peoples. The area underwent successive invasions in subsequent centuries from the Persians, Greeks, Scythians, Arabs (who brought Islam), Afghans, and Turks. The Mughal Empire flourished in the 16th and 17th centuries; the British came to dominate the region in the 18th century. The partition in 1947 of British India into the Muslim state of Pakistan (with West and East sections) and largely Hindu India created lasting tension between the two countries. They have fought two wars and a limited conflict -- in 1947-48, 1965, and 1999 respectively -- over the Kashmir territory, a dispute that continues to this day. A third war in 1971 -- in which India assisted an indigenous movement reacting to Bengali marginalization in Pakistani politics -- resulted in East Pakistan becoming the separate nation of Bangladesh. | In response to Indian nuclear weapons testing, Pakistan conducted its own tests in 1998. Pakistan has been engaged in a decades-long armed conflict with militant groups, including the Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) and other militant networks that target government institutions and civilians.", "display": "The Indus Valley civilization, one of the oldest in the world and dating back at least 5,000 years, spread over much of modern-day Pakistan. During the second millennium B.C., rem…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1947 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southern Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea, between India on the east and Iran and Afghanistan on the west and China in the north", "display": "Southern Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea, between India on the east and Iran and Afghanistan on the west and China in the north", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Asia", "display": "Asia", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 796,095 sq km | land: 770,875 sq km | water: 25,220 sq km", "display": "total : 796,095 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 796095.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "1,046 km", "display": "1,046 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "divided into three major geographic areas: the northern highlands, the Indus River plain in the center and east, and the Balochistan Plateau in the south and west", "display": "divided into three major geographic areas: the northern highlands, the Indus River plain in the center and east, and the Balochistan Plateau in the south and west", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly hot, dry desert; temperate in northwest; arctic in north", "display": "mostly hot, dry desert; temperate in northwest; arctic in north", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: K2 (Mt. Godwin-Austen) 8,611 m | lowest point: Arabian Sea 0 m | mean elevation: 900 m", "display": "highest point: K2 (Mt. Godwin-Austen) 8,611 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "frequent earthquakes, occasionally severe especially in north and west; flooding along the Indus after heavy rains (July and August)", "display": "frequent earthquakes, occasionally severe especially in north and west; flooding along the Indus after heavy rains (July and August)", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "arable land, extensive natural gas reserves, limited petroleum, poor quality coal, iron ore, copper, salt, limestone", "display": "arable land, extensive natural gas reserves, limited petroleum, poor quality coal, iron ore, copper, salt, limestone", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "the Indus River and its tributaries attract most of the settlement, with Punjab province the most densely populated", "display": "the Indus River and its tributaries attract most of the settlement, with Punjab province the most densely populated", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 257,047,044 (2025 est.) | male: 130,727,015 | female: 126,320,029", "display": "total: 257,047,044 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 257047044.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.82% (2025 est.)", "display": "1.82% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0182, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 38% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 2.1% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 38% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Punjabi 38.8%, Pashto (alternate name, Pashtu) 18.2%, Sindhi 14.6%, Saraiki (a Punjabi variant) 12.2%, Urdu 7.1%, Balochi 3%, Hindko 2.4%, Brahui 1.2%, other 2.4% | major-language sample(s): | دنیا کا قاموس، ایک لازمی زریہ بنیادی معلومات کا (Urdu) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. | note: data represent population by mother tongue; English (official; lingua franca of Pakistani elite and most government ministries)", "display": "Punjabi 38.8%, Pashto (alternate name, Pashtu) 18.2%, Sindhi 14.6%, Saraiki (a Punjabi variant) 12.2%, Urdu 7.1%, Balochi 3%, Hindko 2.4%, Brahui 1.2%, other 2.4%", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Muslim 96.4%, Hindu 1.6%, Christian 1.4%; less than 1%: scheduled castes, Qadiani/Ahmadi, other, Sikh. (2020 est.)", "display": "Muslim 96.4%, Hindu 1.6%, Christian 1.4%; less than 1%: scheduled castes, Qadiani/Ahmadi, other, Sikh. (2020 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 70.3 years (2024 est.) | male: 68.2 years | female: 72.5 years", "display": "total population: 70.3 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 70.3, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 23.2 years (2025 est.) | male: 22.8 years | female: 23 years", "display": "total: 23.2 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "17.236 million Karachi, 13.979 million Lahore, 3.711 million Faisalabad, 2.415 million Gujranwala, 2.412 million Peshawar, 1.232 million ISLAMABAD (capital) (2023)", "display": "17.236 million Karachi, 13.979 million Lahore, 3.711 million Faisalabad, 2.415 million Gujranwala, 2.412 million Peshawar, 1.232 million ISLAMABAD (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 58.9% (2021 est.) | male: 69.1% (2021 est.) | female: 48.5% (2021 est.)", "display": "total population: 58.9% (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 8 years (2022 est.) | male: 8 years (2022 est.) | female: 7 years (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 8 years (2022 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Islamic Republic of Pakistan | conventional short form: Pakistan | local long form: Jamhuryat Islami Pakistan | local short form: Pakistan | former: West Pakistan | etymology: the name is said to have been proposed in the early 1930s by Muslim students at Cambridge University, created from the initials of Punjab, Afghanistan, and Kashmir; the word pak also means \"pure\" in Persian or Pashto, and the Persian suffix - stan means \"place of\" or \"country,\" so Pakistan literally means \"Land of the Pure\"", "display": "conventional long form: Islamic Republic of Pakistan", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Islamabad | geographic coordinates: 33 41 N, 73 03 E | time difference: UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: the name means \"city of Islam\" and derives from the Arabic islam , referring to the Islamic faith, and the Persian suffix -abad , meaning \"inhabited place\" or \"city\"", "display": "name: Islamabad", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "federal parliamentary republic", "display": "federal parliamentary republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "common law system with Islamic law influence", "display": "common law system with Islamic law influence", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: several previous; latest endorsed 12 April 1973, passed 19 April 1973, entered into force 14 August 1973 (suspended and restored several times) | amendment process: proposed by the Senate or by the National Assembly; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of both houses", "display": "history: several previous; latest endorsed 12 April 1973, passed 19 April 1973, entered into force 14 August 1973 (suspended and restored several times)", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1973 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "4 provinces, 2 Pakistan-administered areas*, and 1 capital territory**; Azad Kashmir*, Balochistan, Gilgit-Baltistan*, Islamabad Capital Territory**, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Punjab, Sindh", "display": "4 provinces, 2 Pakistan-administered areas*, and 1 capital territory**; Azad Kashmir*, Balochistan, Gilgit-Baltistan*, Islamabad Capital Territory**, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Punjab, S…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ADB, AIIB, ARF, ASEAN (sectoral dialogue partner), C, CERN (associate member), CICA, CP, D-8, ECO, FAO, G-11, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURCAT, MINURSO, MINUSCA, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, PCA, SAARC, SACEP, SCO, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNISFA, UNMISS, UNOOSA, UNSOS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ADB, AIIB, ARF, ASEAN (sectoral dialogue partner), C, CERN (associate member), CICA, CP, D-8, ECO, FAO, G-11, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, I…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "lower middle-income South Asian economy; extremely high debt; endemic corruption; regional disputes with India and Afghanistan hinder investment; falling inflation, IMF relief programs, and strong agricultural output slowly contributing to economic recovery", "display": "lower middle-income South Asian economy; extremely high debt; endemic corruption; regional disputes with India and Afghanistan hinder investment; falling inflation, IMF relief pro…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$1.39 trillion (2024 est.) | $1.346 trillion (2023 est.) | $1.347 trillion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$1.39 trillion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 1390.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$5,500 (2024 est.) | $5,400 (2023 est.) | $5,500 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$5,500 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 5500.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3.2% (2024 est.) | 0% (2023 est.) | 4.8% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "3.2% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "12.6% (2024 est.) | 30.8% (2023 est.) | 19.9% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "12.6% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.126, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "5.5% (2024 est.) | 5.5% (2023 est.) | 5.5% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "5.5% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.055, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "textiles and apparel, food processing, pharmaceuticals, surgical instruments, construction materials, paper products, fertilizer, shrimp", "display": "textiles and apparel, food processing, pharmaceuticals, surgical instruments, construction materials, paper products, fertilizer, shrimp", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "sugarcane, bison milk, wheat, milk, rice, maize, potatoes, cotton, mangoes/guavas, chicken (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "sugarcane, bison milk, wheat, milk, rice, maize, potatoes, cotton, mangoes/guavas, chicken (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "garments, fabric, refined petroleum, rice, cotton fabric (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "garments, fabric, refined petroleum, rice, cotton fabric (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "natural gas, refined petroleum, crude petroleum, palm oil, plastics (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "natural gas, refined petroleum, crude petroleum, palm oil, plastics (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 27% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 27% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.27, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 3.36 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 3.36 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 3360000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 95% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 100% | electrification - rural areas: 93%", "display": "electrification - total population: 95% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 60.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | nuclear: 14.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 0.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 3.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 19.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 1.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 60.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "14.076 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "14.076 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "117 (2025)", "display": "117 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 3 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 2 | small: 1 | very small: 0 | ports with oil terminals: 2 | key ports: Gwadar, Karachi, Muhamamad Bin Qasim", "display": "total ports: 3 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 11,881 km (2021) | narrow gauge: 389 km (2021) 1.000-m gauge | broad gauge: 11,492 km (2021) 1.676-m gauge (286 km electrified)", "display": "total: 11,881 km (2021)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 60 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 5, oil tanker 9, other 46", "display": "total: 60 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "water pollution from raw sewage, industrial wastes, and agricultural runoff; limited natural freshwater resources; most of the population does not have access to potable water; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; air pollution and noise pollution in urban areas", "display": "water pollution from raw sewage, industrial wastes, and agricultural runoff; limited natural freshwater resources; most of the population does not have access to potable water; de…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "212.655 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 59.937 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 93.713 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 59.006 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "212.655 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "246.8 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "246.8 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 9.65 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 1.4 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 172.4 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 9.65 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation", "display": "party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Pari…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/pakistan.json" }, { "entity_id": "palau", "name": "Palau", "source_code": "PW", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Oceania", "roadmap_country": "Palau", "coverage_region": "Oceania", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 118, "published_fact_count": 45, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 21947.0, "area_sq_km": 459.0, "capital": "Ngerulmud", "government_type": "presidential republic in free association with the US", "life_expectancy_years": 75.2, "urban_population_percent": 82.4, "internet_users_percent": 27.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 15800.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2023, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Humans arrived in the Palauan archipelago from Southeast Asia around 1000 B.C. and developed a complex, highly organized matrilineal society where high-ranking women picked the chiefs. The islands were the westernmost part of the widely scattered Pacific islands north of New Guinea that Spanish explorers named the Caroline Islands in the 17th century. The 18th and 19th centuries saw occasional visits of whalers and traders as Spain gained some influence in the islands and administered it from the Philippines. Spain sold Palau to Germany in 1899 after losing the Philippines in the Spanish-American War. | Japan seized Palau in 1914, was granted a League of Nations mandate to administer the islands in 1920, and made Koror the capital of its South Seas Mandate in 1922. By the outbreak of World War II, there were four times as many Japanese living in Koror as Palauans. In 1944, the US invasion of the island of Peleliu was one of the bloodiest island fights of the Pacific War. After the war, Palau became part of the US-administered Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands. | Palau voted against joining the Federated States of Micronesia in 1978 and adopted its own constitution in 1981, which stated that Palau was a nuclear-free country. In 1982, Palau signed a Compact of Free Association (COFA) with the US, which granted Palau financial assistance and access to many US domestic programs in exchange for exclusive US military access and defense responsibilities. However, many Palauans saw the COFA as incompatible with the Palauan Constitution because of the US military’s nuclear arsenal, and seven referenda failed to achieve ratification. Following a constitutional amendment and eighth referendum in 1993, the COFA was ratified and entered into force in 1994 when the islands gained their independence. Its funding was renewed in 2010. | Palau has been on the frontlines of combatting climate change and protecting marine resources. In 2011, Palau banned commercial shark fishing and created the world’s first shark sanctuary. In 2017, Palau began stamping the Palau Pledge into passports, reminding visitors to act in ecologically and culturally responsible ways. In 2020, Palau banned coral reef-toxic sunscreens and expanded its fishing prohibition to include 80% of its exclusive economic zone.", "display": "Humans arrived in the Palauan archipelago from Southeast Asia around 1000 B.C. and developed a complex, highly organized matrilineal society where high-ranking women picked the ch…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1914 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Oceania, group of islands in the North Pacific Ocean, southeast of the Philippines", "display": "Oceania, group of islands in the North Pacific Ocean, southeast of the Philippines", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Oceania", "display": "Oceania", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 459 sq km | land: 459 sq km | water: 0 sq km", "display": "total : 459 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 459.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "1,519 km", "display": "1,519 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "varying topography from the high, mountainous main island of Babelthuap to low, coral islands usually fringed by large barrier reefs", "display": "varying topography from the high, mountainous main island of Babelthuap to low, coral islands usually fringed by large barrier reefs", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical; hot and humid; wet season May to November", "display": "tropical; hot and humid; wet season May to November", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Mount Ngerchelchuus 242 m | lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m", "display": "highest point: Mount Ngerchelchuus 242 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "typhoons (June to December)", "display": "typhoons (June to December)", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "forests, minerals (especially gold), marine products, deep-seabed minerals", "display": "forests, minerals (especially gold), marine products, deep-seabed minerals", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "most of the population is located on the southern end of the main island of Babelthuap", "display": "most of the population is located on the southern end of the main island of Babelthuap", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 21,947 (2025 est.) | male: 11,257 | female: 10,690", "display": "total: 21,947 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 21947.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.38% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.38% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0038, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 82.4% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 1.59% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 82.4% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Palauan (official on most islands) 65.2%, other Micronesian 1.9%, English (official) 19.1%, Filipino 9.9%, Chinese 1.2%, other 2.8% (2015 est.) | note: Sonsoralese is official in Sonsoral; Tobian is official in Tobi; Angaur and Japanese are official in Angaur", "display": "Palauan (official on most islands) 65.2%, other Micronesian 1.9%, English (official) 19.1%, Filipino 9.9%, Chinese 1.2%, other 2.8% (2015 est.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2015 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Roman Catholic 46.9%, Protestant 30.9% (Evangelical 24.6%, Seventh Day Adventist 5%, other Protestant 1.4%), Modekngei 5.1% (indigenous to Palau), Muslim 4.9%, other 12.3% (2020 est.)", "display": "Roman Catholic 46.9%, Protestant 30.9% (Evangelical 24.6%, Seventh Day Adventist 5%, other Protestant 1.4%), Modekngei 5.1% (indigenous to Palau), Muslim 4.9%, other 12.3% (2020 e…", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 75.2 years (2024 est.) | male: 72 years | female: 78.5 years", "display": "total population: 75.2 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 75.2, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 35.5 years (2025 est.) | male: 34.1 years | female: 37.4 years", "display": "total: 35.5 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "277 NGERULMUD (capital) (2018)", "display": "277 NGERULMUD (capital) (2018)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 100% (2020 est.) | male: 100% (2020 est.) | female: 100% (2020 est.)", "display": "total population: 100% (2020 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 15 years (2023 est.) | male: 14 years (2023 est.) | female: 16 years (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 15 years (2023 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Palau | conventional short form: Palau | local long form: Beluu er a Belau | local short form: Belau | former: Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, Palau District | etymology: from the Palauan name for the islands, Belau, which likely derives from the Palauan word beluu , meaning \"village\"", "display": "conventional long form: Republic of Palau", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Ngerulmud | geographic coordinates: 7 30 N, 134 37 E | time difference: UTC+9 (14 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: the name comes from a Palauan term meaning \"place of fermented angelfish;\" the site of the capital was the traditional location for women to gather and offer fermented angelfish to the gods", "display": "name: Ngerulmud", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "presidential republic in free association with the US", "display": "presidential republic in free association with the US", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "mixed system of civil, common, and customary law", "display": "mixed system of civil, common, and customary law", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: ratified 9 July 1980, effective 1 January 1981 | amendment process: proposed by a constitutional convention (held at least once every 15 years with voter approval), by public petition of at least 25% of eligible voters, or by a resolution adopted by at least three fourths of National Congress members; passage requires approval by a majority of votes in at least three fourths of the states in the next regular general election", "display": "history: ratified 9 July 1980, effective 1 January 1981", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1980 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "16 states; Aimeliik, Airai, Angaur, Hatohobei, Kayangel, Koror, Melekeok, Ngaraard, Ngarchelong, Ngardmau, Ngatpang, Ngchesar, Ngeremlengui, Ngiwal, Peleliu, Sonsorol", "display": "16 states; Aimeliik, Airai, Angaur, Hatohobei, Kayangel, Koror, Melekeok, Ngaraard, Ngarchelong, Ngardmau, Ngatpang, Ngchesar, Ngeremlengui, Ngiwal, Peleliu, Sonsorol", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACP, ADB, AOSIS, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, IOC, IPU, MIGA, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, WHO, WIPO", "display": "ACP, ADB, AOSIS, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, IOC, IPU, MIGA, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, WHO, WIPO", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "high-income Pacific island economy; environmentally fragile; subsistence agriculture and fishing industries; US aid reliance; rebounding post-pandemic tourism industry and services sector; very high living standard and low unemployment", "display": "high-income Pacific island economy; environmentally fragile; subsistence agriculture and fishing industries; US aid reliance; rebounding post-pandemic tourism industry and service…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$280.025 million (2023 est.) | $274.866 million (2022 est.) | $278.538 million (2021 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$280.025 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 0.28002499999999997, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$15,800 (2023 est.) | $15,500 (2022 est.) | $15,700 (2021 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$15,800 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 15800.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "1.9% (2023 est.) | -1.3% (2022 est.) | -13.8% (2021 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "1.9% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.2% (2024 est.) | 12.8% (2023 est.) | 12.4% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "2.2% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.022000000000000002, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "tourism, fishing, subsistence agriculture", "display": "tourism, fishing, subsistence agriculture", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "coconuts, cassava (manioc, tapioca), sweet potatoes; fish, pigs, chickens, eggs, bananas, papaya, breadfruit, calamansi, soursop, Polynesian chestnuts, Polynesian almonds, mangoes, taro, guava, beans, cucumbers, squash/pumpkins (various), eggplant, green onions, kangkong (watercress), cabbages (various), radishes, betel nuts, melons, peppers, noni, okra", "display": "coconuts, cassava (manioc, tapioca), sweet potatoes; fish, pigs, chickens, eggs, bananas, papaya, breadfruit, calamansi, soursop, Polynesian chestnuts, Polynesian almonds, mangoes…", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "ships, refined petroleum (2023) | note: top export commodities based on value in dollars over $500,000", "display": "ships, refined petroleum (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "ships, refined petroleum, additive manufacturing machines, cars, plastic products (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "ships, refined petroleum, additive manufacturing machines, cars, plastic products (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 27% (2004 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 27% (2004 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.27, "estimate_year": 2004 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 1,000 (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 7 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 1,000 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 1000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 99.9% | electrification - rural areas: 100%", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "3 (2025)", "display": "3 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 1 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 0 | very small: 1 | ports with oil terminals: 1 | key ports: Malakal Harbor", "display": "total ports: 1 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 427 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 49, container ship 8, general cargo 200, oil tanker 52, other 118", "display": "total: 427 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "inadequate facilities for disposal of solid waste; threats to the marine ecosystem from sand and coral dredging, illegal fishing practices, and overfishing; rising sea level; coral bleaching; drought", "display": "inadequate facilities for disposal of solid waste; threats to the marine ecosystem from sand and coral dredging, illegal fishing practices, and overfishing; rising sea level; cora…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardo…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/palau.json" }, { "entity_id": "panama", "name": "Panama", "source_code": "PA", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Central America and the Caribbean", "roadmap_country": "Panama", "coverage_region": "Americas", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 143, "published_fact_count": 52, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 4536008.0, "area_sq_km": 75420.0, "capital": "Panama City", "government_type": "presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 79.2, "urban_population_percent": 69.5, "internet_users_percent": 78.0, "electricity_access_percent": 95.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 36400.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Explored and settled by the Spanish in the 16th century, Panama broke with Spain in 1821 and joined a union of Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela that was named the Republic of Gran Colombia. When the union dissolved in 1830, Panama remained part of Colombia. With US backing, Panama seceded from Colombia in 1903 and promptly signed a treaty with the US allowing for the construction of a canal and US sovereignty over a strip of land known as the Panama Canal Zone on either side of the structure. The US Army Corps of Engineers built the Panama Canal between 1904 and 1914. In 1977, an agreement was signed for the complete transfer of the Canal from the US to Panama by the end of the century. Certain portions of the Zone and increasing responsibility over the Canal were turned over in the subsequent decades. With US help, Panamanian dictator Manuel NORIEGA was deposed in 1989. The entire Panama Canal, the area supporting the Canal, and remaining US military bases were transferred to Panama by the end of 1999. 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coastal plains with rolling hills", "display": "interior mostly steep, rugged mountains with dissected, upland plains; coastal plains with rolling hills", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical maritime; hot, humid, cloudy; prolonged rainy season (May to January), short dry season (January to May)", "display": "tropical maritime; hot, humid, cloudy; prolonged rainy season (May to January), short dry season (January to May)", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Volcan Baru 3,475 m | lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m | mean elevation: 360 m", "display": "highest point: Volcan Baru 3,475 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "occasional severe storms and forest fires in the Darien area", "display": "occasional severe storms and forest fires in the Darien area", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "copper, mahogany forests, shrimp, hydropower", "display": "copper, mahogany forests, shrimp, hydropower", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "population is concentrated towards the center of the country, particularly around the Canal, but a sizeable segment of the populace also lives in the far west around David; the eastern third of the country is sparsely inhabited", "display": "population is concentrated towards the center of the country, particularly around the Canal, but a sizeable segment of the populace also lives in the far west around David; the ea…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 4,536,008 (2025 est.) | male: 2,284,105 | female: 2,251,903", "display": "total: 4,536,008 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 4536008.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.44% (2025 est.)", "display": "1.44% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0144, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 69.5% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 1.92% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 69.5% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Spanish (official), Indigenous languages (including Ngabere (Guaymi), Buglere, Kuna, Embera, Wounaan, Naso (Teribe), and Bri Bri), Panamanian English Creole (a mixture of English and Spanish with elements of Ngabere, also known as Guari Guari and Colon Creole), English, Chinese (Yue and Hakka), Arabic, French Creole, other (Yiddish, Hebrew, Korean, Japanese) | major-language sample(s): | La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Spanish (official), Indigenous languages (including Ngabere (Guaymi), Buglere, Kuna, Embera, Wounaan, Naso (Teribe), and Bri Bri), Panamanian English Creole (a mixture of English…", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Evangelical 55%, Roman Catholic 33.4%, none 10.1%, unspecified 1.5% (2023 est.)", "display": "Evangelical 55%, Roman Catholic 33.4%, none 10.1%, unspecified 1.5% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 79.2 years (2024 est.) | male: 76.4 years | female: 82.2 years", "display": "total population: 79.2 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 79.2, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 31.7 years (2025 est.) | male: 31 years | female: 31.9 years", "display": "total: 31.7 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.977 million PANAMA CITY (capital) (2023)", "display": "1.977 million PANAMA CITY (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 96.3% (2024 est.) | male: 97.3% (2024 est.) | female: 95.9% (2024 est.)", "display": "total population: 96.3% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 13 years (2016 est.) | male: 12 years (2016 est.) | female: 14 years (2016 est.)", "display": "total: 13 years (2016 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2016 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Panama | conventional short form: Panama | local long form: República de Panama | local short form: Panama | etymology: origin is unclear; may come from a Guarani word meaning \"place of many fish\"", "display": "conventional long form: Republic of Panama", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Panama City | geographic coordinates: 8 58 N, 79 32 W | time difference: UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: origin is unclear; may come from a Guaraní word meaning \"place of many fish\"", "display": "name: Panama City", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "presidential republic", "display": "presidential republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law system; Supreme Court of Justice reviews legislative acts", "display": "civil law system; Supreme Court of Justice reviews legislative acts", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: several previous; latest effective 11 October 1972 | amendment process: proposed by the National Assembly, by the Cabinet, or by the Supreme Court of Justice; passage requires approval by one of two procedures: 1) absolute majority vote of the Assembly membership in each of three readings and by absolute majority vote of the next elected Assembly in a single reading without textual modifications; 2) absolute majority vote of the Assembly membership in each of three readings, followed by absolute majority vote of the next elected Assembly in each of three readings with textual modifications, and approval in a referendum", "display": "history: several previous; latest effective 11 October 1972", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1972 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "10 provinces ( provincias , singular - provincia ) and 4 indigenous regions* ( comarcas ); Bocas del Toro, Chiriquí, Coclé, Colon, Darien, Embera-Wounaan*, Guna Yala*, Herrera, Los Santos, Naso Tjer Di*, Ngabe-Bugle*, Panama, Panama Oeste, Veraguas", "display": "10 provinces ( provincias , singular - provincia ) and 4 indigenous regions* ( comarcas ); Bocas del Toro, Chiriquí, Coclé, Colon, Darien, Embera-Wounaan*, Guna Yala*, Herrera, Lo…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACS, BCIE, CAN (observer), CD, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, Pacific Alliance (observer), PCA, SICA, UN, UNASUR (observer), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ACS, BCIE, CAN (observer), CD, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "upper middle-income Central American economy; increasing Chinese trade; US dollar user; canal expansion fueling broader infrastructure investment; services sector dominates economy; historic money-laundering and illegal drug hub", "display": "upper middle-income Central American economy; increasing Chinese trade; US dollar user; canal expansion fueling broader infrastructure investment; services sector dominates econom…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$164.484 billion (2024 est.) | $159.908 billion (2023 est.) | $148.891 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$164.484 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 164.484, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$36,400 (2024 est.) | $35,900 (2023 est.) | $33,800 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$36,400 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 36400.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.9% (2024 est.) | 7.4% (2023 est.) | 10.8% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "2.9% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "0.7% (2024 est.) | 1.5% (2023 est.) | 2.9% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "0.7% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.006999999999999999, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "6.6% (2024 est.) | 6.6% (2023 est.) | 8.1% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "6.6% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.066, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "construction, brewing, cement and other construction materials, sugar milling", "display": "construction, brewing, cement and other construction materials, sugar milling", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "sugarcane, rice, bananas, oranges, oil palm fruit, chicken, plantains, maize, milk, pineapples (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "sugarcane, rice, bananas, oranges, oil palm fruit, chicken, plantains, maize, milk, pineapples (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "copper ore, ships, refined petroleum, bananas, fish (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "copper ore, ships, refined petroleum, bananas, fish (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "crude petroleum, ships, refined petroleum, nitrogen compounds, cars (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "crude petroleum, ships, refined petroleum, nitrogen compounds, cars (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 78% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 78% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.78, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 809,000 (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 18 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 809,000 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 809000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 95% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 99% | electrification - rural areas: 100%", "display": "electrification - total population: 95% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 38.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 6.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 6.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 47.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 0.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 38.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "78.01 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "78.01 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "77 (2025)", "display": "77 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 12 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 3 | small: 3 | very small: 5 | size unknown: 1 | ports with oil terminals: 5 | key ports: Bahia de las Minas, Balboa, Pedregal, Puerto Armuelles, Puerto Colon, Puerto Cristobal", "display": "total ports: 12 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 77 km (2014) | standard gauge: 77 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge", "display": "total: 77 km (2014)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2014 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 8,174 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 2732, container ship 671, general cargo 1,428, oil tanker 866, other 2,477", "display": "total: 8,174 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "water pollution from agricultural runoff; deforestation of tropical rainforest; land degradation and soil erosion in Panama Canal; air pollution in urban areas; effects of mining", "display": "water pollution from agricultural runoff; deforestation of tropical rainforest; land degradation and soil erosion in Panama Canal; air pollution in urban areas; effects of mining", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "23.458 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 1.969 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 20.389 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 1.101 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "23.458 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "139.304 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "139.304 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 759.1 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 6.2 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 446.1 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 759.1 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation", "display": "party to: Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertifi…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/panama.json" }, { "entity_id": "papua-new-guinea", "name": "Papua New Guinea", "source_code": "PG", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Oceania", "roadmap_country": "Papua New Guinea", "coverage_region": "Oceania", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 142, "published_fact_count": 50, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 10273996.0, "area_sq_km": 462840.0, "capital": "Port Moresby", "government_type": "parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm", "life_expectancy_years": 70.1, "urban_population_percent": 13.7, "internet_users_percent": 24.0, "electricity_access_percent": 19.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 4300.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Papua New Guinea (PNG) occupies the eastern half of the island of New Guinea; the western half is part of Indonesia. PNG was first settled between 50,000 and 60,000 years ago. Its harsh geography of mountains, jungles, and numerous river valleys kept many of the arriving groups isolated, giving rise to PNG’s ethnic and linguistic diversity. Around 500 B.C., Austronesian voyagers settled along the coast. Spanish and Portuguese explorers periodically visited the island starting in the 1500s, but none made it into the country’s interior. American and British whaling ships frequented the islands off the coast of New Guinea in the mid-1800s. In 1884, Germany declared a protectorate -- and eventually a colony -- over the northern part of what would become PNG and named it German New Guinea; days later the UK followed suit on the southern part and nearby islands and called it Papua. Most of their focus was on the coastal regions, leaving the highlands largely unexplored. | The UK put its colony under Australian administration in 1902 and formalized the act in 1906. At the outbreak of World War I, Australia occupied German New Guinea and continued to rule it after the war as a League of Nations Mandate. The discovery of gold along the Bulolo River in the 1920s led prospectors to venture into the highlands, where they found about 1 million people living in isolated communities. The New Guinea campaign of World War II lasted from January 1942 to the Japanese surrender in August 1945. After the war, Australia combined the two territories and administered PNG as a UN trusteeship. In 1975, PNG gained independence and became a member of the Commonwealth. | Between 1988-1997, a secessionist movement on the island province of Bougainville, located off the eastern PNG coast, fought the PNG Government, resulting in 15,000-20,000 deaths. In 1997, the PNG Government and Bougainville leaders reached a cease-fire and subsequently signed a peace agreement in 2001. The Autonomous Bougainville Government was formally established in 2005. Bougainvilleans voted in favor of independence in a 2019 non-binding referendum. The Bougainville and PNG governments are in the process of negotiating a roadmap for independence, which requires approval by the PNG parliament.", "display": "Papua New Guinea (PNG) occupies the eastern half of the island of New Guinea; the western half is part of Indonesia. PNG was first settled between 50,000 and 60,000 years ago. Its…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1902 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Oceania, group of islands including the eastern half of the island of New Guinea between the Coral Sea and the South Pacific Ocean, east of Indonesia", "display": "Oceania, group of islands including the eastern half of the island of New Guinea between the Coral Sea and the South Pacific Ocean, east of Indonesia", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Oceania", "display": "Oceania", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 462,840 sq km | land: 452,860 sq km | water: 9,980 sq km", "display": "total : 462,840 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 462840.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "5,152 km", "display": "5,152 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly mountains with coastal lowlands and rolling foothills", "display": "mostly mountains with coastal lowlands and rolling foothills", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical; northwest monsoon (December to March), southeast monsoon (May to October); slight seasonal temperature variation", "display": "tropical; northwest monsoon (December to March), southeast monsoon (May to October); slight seasonal temperature variation", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Mount Wilhelm 4,509 m | lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m | mean elevation: 667 m", "display": "highest point: Mount Wilhelm 4,509 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "active volcanism; frequent and sometimes severe earthquakes; mud slides; tsunamis | volcanism: severe volcanic activity; Ulawun (2,334 m), one of Papua New Guinea's potentially most dangerous volcanoes, has been deemed a Decade Volcano by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human populations; Rabaul (688 m) destroyed the city of Rabaul in 1937 and 1994; Lamington erupted in 1951, killing 3,000 people; Manam's 2004 eruption forced the island's abandonment; other historically active volcanoes include Bam, Bagana, Garbuna, Karkar, Langila, Lolobau, Long Island, Pago, St. Andrew Strait, Victory, and Waiowa; see note 2 under \"Geography - note\"", "display": "active volcanism; frequent and sometimes severe earthquakes; mud slides; tsunamis", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1937 }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "gold, copper, silver, natural gas, timber, oil, fisheries", "display": "gold, copper, silver, natural gas, timber, oil, fisheries", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "population concentrated in the highlands and eastern coastal areas on the island of New Guinea; predominantly a rural distribution with only about one fifth of the population residing in urban areas", "display": "population concentrated in the highlands and eastern coastal areas on the island of New Guinea; predominantly a rural distribution with only about one fifth of the population resi…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 10,273,996 (2025 est.) | male: 5,206,211 | female: 5,067,785", "display": "total: 10,273,996 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 10273996.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "2.22% (2025 est.)", "display": "2.22% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0222, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 13.7% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 2.91% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 13.7% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Tok Pisin (official), English (official), Hiri Motu (official), some 839 living indigenous languages are spoken (about 12% of the world's total) | note: Tok Pisin, a creole language, is widely used and understood; English is spoken by 1%-2%; Hiri Motu is spoken by less than 2%", "display": "Tok Pisin (official), English (official), Hiri Motu (official), some 839 living indigenous languages are spoken (about 12% of the world's total)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Protestant 64.3% (Evangelical Lutheran 18.4%, Seventh Day Adventist 12.9%, Pentecostal 10.4%, United Church 10.3%, Evangelical Alliance 5.9%, Anglican 3.2%, Baptist 2.8%, Salvation Army 0.4%), Roman Catholic 26%, other Christian 5.3%, non-Christian 1.4%, unspecified 3.1% (2011 est.) | note: data represent only the citizen population; roughly 0.3% of the population are non-citizens, consisting of Christian 52% (predominantly Roman Catholic), other 10.7% , none 37.3%", "display": "Protestant 64.3% (Evangelical Lutheran 18.4%, Seventh Day Adventist 12.9%, Pentecostal 10.4%, United Church 10.3%, Evangelical Alliance 5.9%, Anglican 3.2%, Baptist 2.8%, Salvatio…", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2011 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 70.1 years (2024 est.) | male: 68.3 years | female: 71.9 years", "display": "total population: 70.1 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 70.1, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 21.9 years (2025 est.) | male: 21.6 years | female: 21.9 years", "display": "total: 21.9 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "410,000 PORT MORESBY (capital) (2023)", "display": "410,000 PORT MORESBY (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 70.1% (2017 est.) | male: 78.4% (2017 est.) | female: 61.6% (2017 est.)", "display": "total population: 70.1% (2017 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2017 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Independent State of Papua New Guinea | conventional short form: Papua New Guinea | local short form: Papuaniugini | former: German New Guinea, British New Guinea, Territory of Papua and New Guinea | abbreviation: PNG | etymology: the name derives from the Malay word pua-pua , describing the tightly curled hair of the Papuan people; Spanish explorer Ynigo ORTIZ de RETEZ applied the term \"Nueva Guinea\" to the island in 1545 because he thought the locals resembled the peoples of the Guinea coast of Africa", "display": "conventional long form: Independent State of Papua New Guinea", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Port Moresby | geographic coordinates: 9 27 S, 147 11 E | time difference: UTC+10 (15 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | time zone note: Papua New Guinea has two time zones, including Bougainville (UTC+11) | etymology: named in 1873 by Captain John MORESBY in honor of his father, British Admiral Sir Fairfax MORESBY (1786-1877)", "display": "name: Port Moresby", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm", "display": "parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "mixed system of English common law and customary law", "display": "mixed system of English common law and customary law", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: adopted 15 August 1975, effective at independence 16 September 1975 | amendment process: proposed by the National Parliament; passage has prescribed majority vote requirements depending on the constitutional sections being amended – absolute majority, two-thirds majority, or three-fourths majority", "display": "history: adopted 15 August 1975, effective at independence 16 September 1975", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1975 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "20 provinces, 1 autonomous region*, and 1 district**; Bougainville*, Central, Chimbu, Eastern Highlands, East New Britain, East Sepik, Enga, Gulf, Hela, Jiwaka, Madang, Manus, Milne Bay, Morobe, National Capital**, New Ireland, Northern, Southern Highlands, Western, Western Highlands, West New Britain, West Sepik", "display": "20 provinces, 1 autonomous region*, and 1 district**; Bougainville*, Central, Chimbu, Eastern Highlands, East New Britain, East Sepik, Enga, Gulf, Hela, Jiwaka, Madang, Manus, Mil…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACP, ADB, AOSIS, APEC, ARF, ASEAN (observer), C, CD, CP, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ACP, ADB, AOSIS, APEC, ARF, ASEAN (observer), C, CD, CP, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "lower-middle-income Pacific island economy; primarily informal agrarian sector; natural-resource-rich and key exporter of liquified natural gas; collapse in betel nut prices, tighter monetary policy, and improved foreign-exchange availability contributing to declining inflation; challenges include lack of progress in infrastructure, agricultural reform, and corruption", "display": "lower-middle-income Pacific island economy; primarily informal agrarian sector; natural-resource-rich and key exporter of liquified natural gas; collapse in betel nut prices, tigh…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$45.487 billion (2024 est.) | $43.697 billion (2023 est.) | $42.093 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$45.487 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 45.487, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$4,300 (2024 est.) | $4,200 (2023 est.) | $4,100 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$4,300 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 4300.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "4.1% (2024 est.) | 3.8% (2023 est.) | 5.7% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "4.1% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "0.6% (2024 est.) | 2.3% (2023 est.) | 5.3% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "0.6% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.006, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.8% (2024 est.) | 2.7% (2023 est.) | 2.7% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "2.8% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.027999999999999997, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "oil and gas; mining (gold, copper, and nickel); palm oil processing; plywood and wood chip production; copra crushing; construction; tourism; fishing; livestock (pork, poultry, cattle) and dairy farming; spice products (turmeric, vanilla, ginger, cardamom, chili, pepper, citronella, and nutmeg)", "display": "oil and gas; mining (gold, copper, and nickel); palm oil processing; plywood and wood chip production; copra crushing; construction; tourism; fishing; livestock (pork, poultry, ca…", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "oil palm fruit, coconuts, bananas, fruits, sweet potatoes, game meat, yams, root vegetables, vegetables, sugarcane (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "oil palm fruit, coconuts, bananas, fruits, sweet potatoes, game meat, yams, root vegetables, vegetables, sugarcane (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "natural gas, gold, copper ore, palm oil, nickel (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "natural gas, gold, copper ore, palm oil, nickel (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, trucks, rice, plastic products, excavation machinery (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, trucks, rice, plastic products, excavation machinery (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 24% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 24% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.24, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 22,000 (2022 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2022 est.) less than 1", "display": "total: 22,000 (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 22000.0, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 19% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 65.1% | electrification - rural areas: 14.2%", "display": "electrification - total population: 19% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 76.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 21.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | geothermal: 2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 0.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 76.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "8.781 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "8.781 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "569 (2025)", "display": "569 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 22 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 6 | very small: 16 | ports with oil terminals: 8 | key ports: Kavieng Harbor, Kieta, Port Moresby, Rabaul, Vanimo, Wewak Harbor", "display": "total ports: 22 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 205 (2023) | by type: container ship 6, general cargo 89, oil tanker 4, other 106", "display": "total: 205 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "rainforest loss as a result of commercial demand for tropical timber; soil erosion, water-quality degradation, and loss of habitat from logging; effects of large-scale mining projects (discharge of heavy metals, cyanide, and acids into rivers); severe drought; land degradation from poor farming practices; poor fishing practices; coastal pollution due to runoff and oil spills", "display": "rainforest loss as a result of commercial demand for tropical timber; soil erosion, water-quality degradation, and loss of habitat from logging; effects of large-scale mining proj…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "5.798 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 1,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 4.467 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 1.33 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "5.798 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "801 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "801 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 223.5 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 167.6 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 1 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 223.5 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban", "display": "party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modific…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/papua-new-guinea.json" }, { "entity_id": "paracel-islands", "name": "Paracel Islands", "source_code": "PF", "source_entity_class": "special-area", "source_region": "Southeast Asia", "roadmap_country": null, "coverage_region": null, "roadmap_status": "additional", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 28, "published_fact_count": 16, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 2230.0, "area_sq_km": 8.0, "capital": null, "government_type": null, "life_expectancy_years": null, "urban_population_percent": null, "internet_users_percent": null, "electricity_access_percent": null, "gdp_per_capita_usd": null, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": null, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "The Paracel Islands are surrounded by productive fishing grounds and potential oil and gas reserves. In 1932, French Indochina annexed the islands and set up a weather station on Pattle Island. China has occupied all the Paracel Islands since 1974, when its troops seized a South Vietnamese garrison occupying the western islands. China has built a military installation on Woody Island with an airfield and artificial harbor, and it has scattered garrisons on some of the other islands. Taiwan and Vietnam also claim the Paracel Islands.", "display": "The Paracel Islands are surrounded by productive fishing grounds and potential oil and gas reserves. In 1932, French Indochina annexed the islands and set up a weather station on…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1932 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southeastern Asia, group of small islands and reefs in the South China Sea, about one-third of the way from central Vietnam to the northern Philippines", "display": "Southeastern Asia, group of small islands and reefs in the South China Sea, about one-third of the way from central Vietnam to the northern Philippines", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southeast Asia", "display": "Southeast Asia", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 8 sq km ca. | land: 7.75 sq km ca. | water: 0 sq km", "display": "total : 8 sq km ca.", "source_field": "Area", "value": 8.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "518 km", "display": "518 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly low and flat", "display": "mostly low and flat", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical", "display": "tropical", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: unnamed location on Rocky Island 14 m | lowest point: South China Sea 0 m", "display": "highest point: unnamed location on Rocky Island 14 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "typhoons", "display": "typhoons", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "none", "display": "none", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "a population of over 1,000 Chinese resides on Woody Island, the largest of the Paracels; there are scattered Chinese garrisons on some other islands", "display": "a population of over 1,000 Chinese resides on Woody Island, the largest of the Paracels; there are scattered Chinese garrisons on some other islands", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 2,230 (2024 est.)", "display": "total: 2,230 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 2230.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.75% (2021 est.)", "display": "0.75% (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0075, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: none | conventional short form: Paracel Islands", "display": "conventional long form: none", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "2 (2025)", "display": "2 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "harm to reef systems from China's use of dredged sand and coral to build artificial islands; damage to ecosystem from human activities, including military operations, infrastructure construction, and tourism", "display": "harm to reef systems from China's use of dredged sand and coral to build artificial islands; damage to ecosystem from human activities, including military operations, infrastructu…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/paracel-islands.json" }, { "entity_id": "paraguay", "name": "Paraguay", "source_code": "PY", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "South America", "roadmap_country": "Paraguay", "coverage_region": "Americas", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 153, "published_fact_count": 51, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 7604044.0, "area_sq_km": 406752.0, "capital": "Asunción", "government_type": "presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 78.8, "urban_population_percent": 63.1, "internet_users_percent": 78.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 16300.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": true }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Several Indigenous groups, principally belonging to the Guarani language family, inhabited the area of modern Paraguay before the arrival of the Spanish in the early 16 th century, when the territory was incorporated into the Viceroyalty of Peru. Paraguay achieved its independence from Spain in 1811 with the help of neighboring states. In the aftermath of independence, a series of military dictators ruled the country until 1870. During the disastrous War of the Triple Alliance (1864-70) -- fought against Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay -- Paraguay lost two thirds of its adult males and much of its territory. The country stagnated economically for the next half-century and experienced a tumultuous series of political regimes. Following the Chaco War of 1932-35 with Bolivia, Paraguay gained a large part of the Chaco lowland region. The 35-year military dictatorship of Alfredo STROESSNER ended in 1989, and Paraguay has held relatively free and regular presidential elections since the country's return to democracy.", "display": "Several Indigenous groups, principally belonging to the Guarani language family, inhabited the area of modern Paraguay before the arrival of the Spanish in the early 16 th century…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1932 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Central South America, northeast of Argentina, southwest of Brazil", "display": "Central South America, northeast of Argentina, southwest of Brazil", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "South America", "display": "South America", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 406,752 sq km | land: 397,302 sq km | water: 9,450 sq km", "display": "total : 406,752 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 406752.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "0 km (landlocked)", "display": "0 km (landlocked)", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "grassy plains and wooded hills east of Rio Paraguay; Gran Chaco region west of Rio Paraguay mostly low, marshy plain near the river, and dry forest and thorny scrub elsewhere", "display": "grassy plains and wooded hills east of Rio Paraguay; Gran Chaco region west of Rio Paraguay mostly low, marshy plain near the river, and dry forest and thorny scrub elsewhere", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "subtropical to temperate; substantial rainfall in the eastern portions, becoming semiarid in the far west", "display": "subtropical to temperate; substantial rainfall in the eastern portions, becoming semiarid in the far west", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Cerro Pero 842 m | lowest point: junction of Río Paraguay and Río Paraná 46 m | mean elevation: 178 m", "display": "highest point: Cerro Pero 842 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "local flooding in southeast (early September to June); poorly drained plains may become boggy (early October to June)", "display": "local flooding in southeast (early September to June); poorly drained plains may become boggy (early October to June)", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "hydropower, timber, iron ore, manganese, limestone", "display": "hydropower, timber, iron ore, manganese, limestone", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "most of the population resides in the eastern half of the country; to the west lies the Gran Chaco (a semi-arid lowland plain), which accounts for 60% of the land territory, but only 2% of the overall population", "display": "most of the population resides in the eastern half of the country; to the west lies the Gran Chaco (a semi-arid lowland plain), which accounts for 60% of the land territory, but o…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 7,604,044 (2025 est.) | male: 3,809,407 | female: 3,794,637", "display": "total: 7,604,044 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 7604044.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.06% (2025 est.)", "display": "1.06% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0106, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 63.1% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 1.64% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 63.1% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Spanish (official) and Guarani (official) 46.3%, only Guarani 34%, only Spanish 15.2%, other (includes Portuguese, German, other Indigenous languages) 4.1%, no response 0.4% (2012 est.) | major-language sample(s): | La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. | note: data represent predominant household language", "display": "Spanish (official) and Guarani (official) 46.3%, only Guarani 34%, only Spanish 15.2%, other (includes Portuguese, German, other Indigenous languages) 4.1%, no response 0.4% (2012…", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2012 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Roman Catholic 80.4%, Protestant 7% (Evangelical (non-specific) 6.7%, Evangelical Pentecostal <0.1%, Adventist <0.1%, Protestant (non-specific) <0.1%), Believer (not belonging to the church) 5.7%, other 0.6%, agnostic <0.1%, none 0.2%, unspecified 6.2% (2023 est.)", "display": "Roman Catholic 80.4%, Protestant 7% (Evangelical (non-specific) 6.7%, Evangelical Pentecostal <0.1%, Adventist <0.1%, Protestant (non-specific) <0.1%), Believer (not belonging to…", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 78.8 years (2024 est.) | male: 76.2 years | female: 81.6 years", "display": "total population: 78.8 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 78.8, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 32.3 years (2025 est.) | male: 31.6 years | female: 32 years", "display": "total: 32.3 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "3.511 million ASUNCION (capital) (2023)", "display": "3.511 million ASUNCION (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 94.9% (2024 est.) | male: 95.4% (2024 est.) | female: 94.3% (2024 est.)", "display": "total population: 94.9% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Paraguay | conventional short form: Paraguay | local long form: República del Paraguay | local short form: Paraguay | etymology: derives from the river of the same name; the river's name may come from the Guarani words para (water or river) and guay (born)", "display": "conventional long form: Republic of Paraguay", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Asunción | geographic coordinates: 25 16 S, 57 40 W | time difference: UTC-3 (2 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: the name means \"assumption\" in Spanish; the Spanish founded the city on August 15, 1537, the Catholic feast day for the Assumption of the Virgin Mary", "display": "name: Asunción", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "presidential republic", "display": "presidential republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law system with influences from Argentine, Spanish, Roman, and French civil law models; Supreme Court of Justice reviews legislative acts", "display": "civil law system with influences from Argentine, Spanish, Roman, and French civil law models; Supreme Court of Justice reviews legislative acts", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: several previous; latest approved and promulgated 20 June 1992 | amendment process: proposed at the initiative of at least one quarter of either chamber of the National Congress, by the president of the republic, or by petition of at least 30,000 voters; passage requires a two-thirds majority vote by both chambers and approval in a referendum", "display": "history: several previous; latest approved and promulgated 20 June 1992", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1992 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "17 departments ( departamentos , singular - departamento ) and 1 capital city*; Alto Paraguay, Alto Parana, Amambay, Asuncion*, Boquerón, Caaguazú, Caazapá, Canindeyú, Central, Concepcion, Cordillera, Guairá, Itapúa, Misiones, Ñeembucú, Paraguarí, Presidente Hayes, San Pedro", "display": "17 departments ( departamentos , singular - departamento ) and 1 capital city*; Alto Paraguay, Alto Parana, Amambay, Asuncion*, Boquerón, Caaguazú, Caazapá, Canindeyú, Central, Co…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "CAN (associate), CD, CELAC, FAO, G-11, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA, Mercosur, MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAM (observer), OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, Pacific Alliance (observer), PCA, PROSUR, UN, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHRC, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "CAN (associate), CD, CELAC, FAO, G-11, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (cor…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "upper middle-income South American economy; COVID-19 hit while still recovering from 2019 Argentina-driven recession; global hydroelectricity leader; major corruption and money-laundering locale; highly agrarian economy; significant income inequality", "display": "upper middle-income South American economy; COVID-19 hit while still recovering from 2019 Argentina-driven recession; global hydroelectricity leader; major corruption and money-la…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2019 }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$112.919 billion (2024 est.) | $108.316 billion (2023 est.) | $103.159 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$112.919 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 112.919, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$16,300 (2024 est.) | $15,800 (2023 est.) | $15,300 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$16,300 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 16300.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "4.2% (2024 est.) | 5% (2023 est.) | 0.2% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "4.2% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3.8% (2024 est.) | 4.6% (2023 est.) | 9.8% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "3.8% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.038, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "6.1% (2024 est.) | 5.8% (2023 est.) | 6.8% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "6.1% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.061, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "sugar processing, cement, textiles, beverages, wood products, steel, base metals, electric power", "display": "sugar processing, cement, textiles, beverages, wood products, steel, base metals, electric power", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "soybeans, sugarcane, maize, cassava, wheat, rice, milk, beef, oranges, bananas (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "soybeans, sugarcane, maize, cassava, wheat, rice, milk, beef, oranges, bananas (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "soybeans, beef, electricity, corn, soybean meal (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "soybeans, beef, electricity, corn, soybean meal (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "broadcasting equipment, refined petroleum, fertilizers, cars, pesticides (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "broadcasting equipment, refined petroleum, fertilizers, cars, pesticides (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 78% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 78% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.78, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 878,000 (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 13 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 878,000 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 878000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "hydroelectricity: 99.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 0.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "hydroelectricity: 99.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "25.733 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "25.733 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "83 (2025)", "display": "83 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 1 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 0 | very small: 1 | ports with oil terminals: 0 | key ports: Puerto de Asuncion", "display": "total ports: 1 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 30 km (2014) | standard gauge: 30 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge", "display": "total: 30 km (2014)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2014 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 108 (2023) | by type: container ship 2, general cargo 22, oil tanker 5, other 79", "display": "total: 108 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "deforestation; water pollution; toxic dumping in rivers and streams; loss of wetlands; inadequate means for waste disposal in urban areas", "display": "deforestation; water pollution; toxic dumping in rivers and streams; loss of wetlands; inadequate means for waste disposal in urban areas", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "7.509 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 2,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 7.507 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "7.509 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "387.77 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "387.77 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 362 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 154 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 1.897 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 362 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: Nuclear Test Ban, Tropical Timber 2006", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardo…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/paraguay.json" }, { "entity_id": "peru", "name": "Peru", "source_code": "PE", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "South America", "roadmap_country": "Peru", "coverage_region": "Americas", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 158, "published_fact_count": 52, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 32768614.0, "area_sq_km": 1285216.0, "capital": "Lima", "government_type": "presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 68.9, "urban_population_percent": 78.9, "internet_users_percent": 80.0, "electricity_access_percent": 96.2, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 15700.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Ancient Peru was the seat of several prominent Andean civilizations, most notably that of the Incas whose empire was captured by Spanish conquistadors in 1533. Peru declared its independence in 1821, and remaining Spanish forces were defeated in 1824. After a dozen years of military rule, Peru returned to democratic leadership in 1980 but experienced economic problems and the growth of a violent insurgency. President Alberto FUJIMORI's election in 1990 ushered in a decade that saw a dramatic turnaround in the economy and significant progress in curtailing guerrilla activity. Nevertheless, an economic slump and the president's increasing reliance on authoritarian measures in the late 1990s generated mounting dissatisfaction with his regime, which led to his resignation in 2000. | A caretaker government oversaw a new election in 2001 that installed Alejandro TOLEDO Manrique as the new head of government - Peru's first democratically elected president of indigenous ethnicity. The presidential election of 2006 saw the return of Alan GARCIA Perez who, after a disappointing presidential term from 1985 to 1990, presided over a robust economic rebound. Former army officer Ollanta HUMALA Tasso was elected president in 2011 and carried on the market-oriented economic policies of the three preceding administrations. Pedro Pablo KUCZYNSKI Godard won a very narrow runoff in the 2016 presidential election. Facing impeachment after evidence surfaced of his involvement in a vote-buying scandal, KUCZYNSKI offered his resignation in 2018, and First Vice President Martin Alberto VIZCARRA Cornejo was sworn in as president. In 2019, VIZCARRA invoked his constitutional authority to dissolve Peru's Congress after months of battling with the body over anticorruption reforms. New congressional elections in 2020 resulted in an opposition-led legislature. The Congress impeached VIZCARRA for a second time and removed him from office after accusations of corruption and mishandling of the COVID-19 pandemic. Because of vacancies in the vice-presidential positions, the President of the Peruvian Congress, Manuel MERINO, became the next president. His ascension to office was not well received, and large protests forced his resignation later in 2020. Francisco SAGASTI assumed the position of President of Peru after being appointed President of the Congress the previous day. Jose Pedro CASTILLO Terrones won presidential election in 2021 but was impeached and ousted the following year; his vice president, Dina BOLUARTE, assumed the presidency by constitutional succession in 2022.", "display": "Ancient Peru was the seat of several prominent Andean civilizations, most notably that of the Incas whose empire was captured by Spanish conquistadors in 1533. Peru declared its i…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1980 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Western South America, bordering the South Pacific Ocean, between Chile and Ecuador", "display": "Western South America, bordering the South Pacific Ocean, between Chile and Ecuador", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "South America", "display": "South America", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 1,285,216 sq km | land: 1,279,996 sq km | water: 5,220 sq km", "display": "total : 1,285,216 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 1285216.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "2,414 km", "display": "2,414 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "western coastal plain (costa), high and rugged Andes in center (sierra), eastern lowland jungle of Amazon Basin (selva)", "display": "western coastal plain (costa), high and rugged Andes in center (sierra), eastern lowland jungle of Amazon Basin (selva)", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "varies from tropical in east to dry desert in west; temperate to frigid in Andes", "display": "varies from tropical in east to dry desert in west; temperate to frigid in Andes", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Nevado Huascaran 6,746 m | lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m | mean elevation: 1,555 m", "display": "highest point: Nevado Huascaran 6,746 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "earthquakes, tsunamis, flooding, landslides, mild volcanic activity | volcanism: volcanic activity in the Andes Mountains; Ubinas (5,672 m) is the country's most active volcano; other historically active volcanoes include El Misti, Huaynaputina, Sabancaya, and Yucamane; see note 2 under \"Geography - note\"", "display": "earthquakes, tsunamis, flooding, landslides, mild volcanic activity", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "copper, silver, gold, petroleum, timber, fish, iron ore, coal, phosphate, potash, hydropower, natural gas", "display": "copper, silver, gold, petroleum, timber, fish, iron ore, coal, phosphate, potash, hydropower, natural gas", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "approximately one third of the population resides along the desert coastal belt in the west, with a strong focus on the capital city of Lima; the Andean highlands, or sierra, contain roughly half of the population; the eastern slopes of the Andes and adjoining rainforest are sparsely populated", "display": "approximately one third of the population resides along the desert coastal belt in the west, with a strong focus on the capital city of Lima; the Andean highlands, or sierra, cont…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 32,768,614 (2025 est.) | male: 16,016,448 | female: 16,752,166", "display": "total: 32,768,614 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 32768614.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.55% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.55% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0055000000000000005, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 78.9% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 1.33% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 78.9% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Spanish (official) 82.9%, Quechua (official) 13.6%, Aymara (official) 1.6%, Ashaninka 0.3%, other native languages (includes many minor Amazonian languages) 0.8%, other 0.2%, none 0.1%, unspecified 0.7% (2017 est.) | major-language sample(s): | La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Spanish (official) 82.9%, Quechua (official) 13.6%, Aymara (official) 1.6%, Ashaninka 0.3%, other native languages (includes many minor Amazonian languages) 0.8%, other 0.2%, none…", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2017 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Catholic 76%, Evangelical Christian 15.7%, no religion 5.1%, other religions 3.2% (2017 est.)", "display": "Catholic 76%, Evangelical Christian 15.7%, no religion 5.1%, other religions 3.2% (2017 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2017 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 68.9 years (2024 est.) | male: 65.4 years | female: 72.7 years", "display": "total population: 68.9 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 68.9, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 30.4 years (2025 est.) | male: 29.1 years | female: 31.3 years", "display": "total: 30.4 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "11.204 million LIMA (capital), 959,000 Arequipa, 904,000 Trujillo (2023)", "display": "11.204 million LIMA (capital), 959,000 Arequipa, 904,000 Trujillo (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 93.7% (2024 est.) | male: 97% (2024 est.) | female: 90.7% (2024 est.)", "display": "total population: 93.7% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 15 years (2017 est.) | male: 15 years (2017 est.) | female: 15 years (2017 est.)", "display": "total: 15 years (2017 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2017 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Peru | conventional short form: Peru | local long form: República del Perú | local short form: Perú | etymology: the name may derive from the Guarani word biru, meaning \"river\"", "display": "conventional long form: Republic of Peru", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Lima | geographic coordinates: 12 03 S, 77 03 W | time difference: UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: the name is an early Spanish mispronunciation of the Quechua name Rimak , referring to a god and deriving from the word rima (to speak); Quechua priests used to speak to worshippers from inside statues of their gods", "display": "name: Lima", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "presidential republic", "display": "presidential republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law system", "display": "civil law system", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: several previous; latest promulgated 29 December 1993, enacted 31 December 1993 | amendment process: proposed by Congress, by the president of the republic with the approval of the Council of Ministers or by petition of at least 0.3% of voters; passage requires absolute majority approval by the Congress membership, followed by approval in a referendum; a referendum is not required if Congress approves the amendment by greater than two-thirds majority vote in each of two successive sessions", "display": "history: several previous; latest promulgated 29 December 1993, enacted 31 December 1993", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1993 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "24 departments ( departamentos , singular - departamento ), 1 province* ( provincia ), and 1 constitutional province** ( provincia constitucional ); Amazonas, Ancash, Apurimac, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Callao**, Cusco, Huancavelica, Huánuco, Ica, Junín, La Libertad, Lambayeque, Lima, Lima*, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Moquegua, Pasco, Piura, Puno, San Martin, Tacna, Tumbes, Ucayali", "display": "24 departments ( departamentos , singular - departamento ), 1 province* ( provincia ), and 1 constitutional province** ( provincia constitucional ); Amazonas, Ancash, Apurimac, Ar…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "AIIB, APEC, BIS, CAN, CD, CELAC, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA, Mercosur (associate), MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, Pacific Alliance, PCA, PROSUR, SICA (observer), UN, UNAMID, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNISFA, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNOOSA, UN Security Council (temporary), UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "AIIB, APEC, BIS, CAN, CD, CELAC, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interp…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "upper-middle-income South American economy; strong post-COVID rebound tempered by political uncertainty and climate risks; exports driven by mineral extraction and agriculture; large informal sector and uneven access to public services; stable fiscal position and financial sector", "display": "upper-middle-income South American economy; strong post-COVID rebound tempered by political uncertainty and climate risks; exports driven by mineral extraction and agriculture; la…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$535.911 billion (2024 est.) | $518.771 billion (2023 est.) | $520.872 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$535.911 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 535.911, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$15,700 (2024 est.) | $15,300 (2023 est.) | $15,600 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$15,700 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 15700.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3.3% (2024 est.) | -0.4% (2023 est.) | 2.8% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "3.3% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2% (2024 est.) | 6.5% (2023 est.) | 8.3% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "2% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.02, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "4.9% (2024 est.) | 4.9% (2023 est.) | 3.9% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "4.9% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.049, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "mining and refining of minerals; steel, metal fabrication; petroleum extraction and refining, natural gas and natural gas liquefaction; fishing and fish processing, cement, glass, textiles, clothing, food processing, beer, soft drinks, rubber, machinery, electrical machinery, chemicals, furniture", "display": "mining and refining of minerals; steel, metal fabrication; petroleum extraction and refining, natural gas and natural gas liquefaction; fishing and fish processing, cement, glass,…", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "sugarcane, potatoes, rice, bananas, milk, maize, chicken, oil palm fruit, cassava, grapes (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "sugarcane, potatoes, rice, bananas, milk, maize, chicken, oil palm fruit, cassava, grapes (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "copper ore, gold, refined copper, refined petroleum, grapes (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "copper ore, gold, refined copper, refined petroleum, grapes (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, crude petroleum, cars, trucks, broadcasting equipment (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, crude petroleum, cars, trucks, broadcasting equipment (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 80% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 80% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.8, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 3.53 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 10 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 3.53 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": 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(2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 1,854.4 km (2017) | standard gauge: 1,730.4 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge (34 km electrified) | narrow gauge: 124 km (2014) 0.914-m gauge", "display": "total: 1,854.4 km (2017)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2017 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 111 (2023) | by type: general cargo 1, oil tanker 9, other 101", "display": "total: 111 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "deforestation (some the result of illegal logging); overgrazing leading to soil erosion; desertification; air pollution in Lima; pollution of rivers and coastal waters from municipal and mining wastes; overfishing", "display": "deforestation (some the result of illegal logging); overgrazing leading to soil erosion; desertification; air pollution in Lima; pollution of rivers and coastal waters from munici…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "58.903 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 2.177 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 34.863 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 21.863 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "58.903 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "1.88 trillion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "1.88 trillion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 3.141 billion cubic meters (2022) | industrial: 1.666 billion cubic meters (2022) | agricultural: 21.112 billion cubic meters (2022)", "display": "municipal: 3.141 billion cubic meters (2022)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Pari…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/peru.json" }, { "entity_id": "philippines", "name": "Philippines", "source_code": "PH", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Southeast Asia", "roadmap_country": "Philippines", "coverage_region": "Asia", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 156, "published_fact_count": 52, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 118277063.0, "area_sq_km": 300000.0, "capital": "Manila", "government_type": "presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 70.8, "urban_population_percent": 48.3, "internet_users_percent": 84.0, "electricity_access_percent": 94.8, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 10400.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "The Philippine Islands became a Spanish colony during the 16th century; they were ceded to the US in 1898 following the Spanish-American War. Led by Emilio AGUINALDO, the Filipinos conducted an insurgency against US rule from 1899-1902, although some fighting continued in outlying islands as late as 1913. In 1935, the Philippines became a self-governing commonwealth. Manuel QUEZON was elected president and was tasked with preparing the country for independence after a 10-year transition. The islands fell under Japanese occupation during World War II, and US forces and Filipinos fought together during 1944-45 to regain control. On 4 July 1946 the Republic of the Philippines attained its independence. | Twenty-one years of authoritarian rule under Ferdinand MARCOS ended in 1986, when a \"people power\" movement in Manila (\"EDSA 1\") forced him into exile and installed Corazon AQUINO as president. Several coup attempts hampered her presidency, and progress on political stability and economic development faltered until Fidel RAMOS was elected president in 1992. The US closed its last military bases on the islands the same year. Joseph ESTRADA was elected president in 1998. His vice-president, Gloria MACAPAGAL-ARROYO, succeded him in 2001 after ESTRADA's stormy impeachment trial on corruption charges broke down and another \"people power\" movement (\"EDSA 2\") demanded his resignation. MACAPAGAL-ARROYO was elected president in 2004. Corruption allegations marred her presidency, but the Philippine economy was one of the few to avoid contraction after the 2008 global financial crisis. Benigno AQUINO III was elected as president in 2010, followed by Rodrigo DUTERTE in 2016. During his term, DUTERTE pursued a controversial drug war that garnered international criticism for alleged human rights abuses. Ferdinand MARCOS, Jr. was elected president in 2022 with the largest popular vote in a presidential election since his father's ouster. | For decades, the country has been challenged by armed ethnic separatists, communist rebels, and Islamic terrorist groups, particularly in the southern islands and remote areas of Luzon.", "display": "The Philippine Islands became a Spanish colony during the 16th century; they were ceded to the US in 1898 following the Spanish-American War. Led by Emilio AGUINALDO, the Filipino…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1902 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southeastern Asia, archipelago between the Philippine Sea and the South China Sea, east of Vietnam", "display": "Southeastern Asia, archipelago between the Philippine Sea and the South China Sea, east of Vietnam", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southeast Asia", "display": "Southeast Asia", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 300,000 sq km | land: 298,170 sq km | water: 1,830 sq km", "display": "total : 300,000 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 300000.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "36,289 km", "display": "36,289 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly mountains with narrow to extensive coastal lowlands", "display": "mostly mountains with narrow to extensive coastal lowlands", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical marine; northeast monsoon (November to April); southwest monsoon (May to October)", "display": "tropical marine; northeast monsoon (November to April); southwest monsoon (May to October)", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Mount Apo 2,954 m | lowest point: Philippine Sea 0 m | mean elevation: 442 m", "display": "highest point: Mount Apo 2,954 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "astride typhoon belt, usually affected by several cyclonic storms each year; landslides; active volcanoes; destructive earthquakes; tsunamis | volcanism: significant volcanic activity; Taal (311 m) has been deemed a Decade Volcano by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human populations; Mayon (2,462 m), the country's most active volcano, erupted in 2009 and forced over 33,000 to be evacuated; other historically active volcanoes include Biliran, Babuyan Claro, Bulusan, Camiguin, Camiguin de Babuyanes, Didicas, Iraya, Jolo, Kanlaon, Makaturing, Musuan, Parker, Pinatubo, and Ragang; see note 2 under \"Geography - note\"", "display": "astride typhoon belt, usually affected by several cyclonic storms each year; landslides; active volcanoes; destructive earthquakes; tsunamis", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2009 }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "timber, petroleum, nickel, cobalt, silver, gold, salt, copper", "display": "timber, petroleum, nickel, cobalt, silver, gold, salt, copper", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "population concentrated in areas with good farmland; highest concentrations are northwest and south-central Luzon, the southeastern extension of Luzon, and the islands of the Visayan Sea, particularly Cebu and Negros; Manila is home to one eighth of the national population", "display": "population concentrated in areas with good farmland; highest concentrations are northwest and south-central Luzon, the southeastern extension of Luzon, and the islands of the Visa…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 118,277,063 (2024 est.) | male: 59,227,092 | female: 59,049,971", "display": "total: 118,277,063 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 118277063.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.74% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.74% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0074, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 48.3% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 2.04% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 48.3% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Tagalog 39.9%, Bisaya/Binisaya 16%, Hiligaynon/Ilonggo 7.3%, Ilocano 7.1%, Cebuano 6.5%, Bikol/Bicol 3.9%, Waray 2.6%, Kapampangan 2.4%, Maguindanao 1.4%, Pangasinan/Panggalato 1.3%, other languages/dialects 11.2%, unspecified 0.4% (2020 est.) | major-language sample(s): | Ang World Factbook, ang mapagkukunan ng kailangang impormasyon. (Tagalog) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. | note: data represent percentage of households; unspecified Filipino (based on Tagalog) and English are official languagesTaga; eight major dialects - Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocano, Hiligaynon or Ilonggo, Bicol, Waray, Pampango, and Pangasinan", "display": "Tagalog 39.9%, Bisaya/Binisaya 16%, Hiligaynon/Ilonggo 7.3%, Ilocano 7.1%, Cebuano 6.5%, Bikol/Bicol 3.9%, Waray 2.6%, Kapampangan 2.4%, Maguindanao 1.4%, Pangasinan/Panggalato 1.…", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Roman Catholic 78.8%, Muslim 6.4%, Iglesia ni Cristo 2.6%, other Christian 3.9%, other 8.2%, none/unspecified <0.1 (2020 est.)", "display": "Roman Catholic 78.8%, Muslim 6.4%, Iglesia ni Cristo 2.6%, other Christian 3.9%, other 8.2%, none/unspecified <0.1 (2020 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 70.8 years (2024 est.) | male: 67.3 years | female: 74.5 years", "display": "total population: 70.8 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 70.8, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 27.1 years (2025 est.) | male: 25.1 years | female: 26.3 years", "display": "total: 27.1 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "14.667 million MANILA (capital), 1.949 million Davao, 1.025 million Cebu City, 931,000 Zamboanga, 960,000 Antipolo, 803,000 Cagayan de Oro City, 803,000 Dasmarinas (2023)", "display": "14.667 million MANILA (capital), 1.949 million Davao, 1.025 million Cebu City, 931,000 Zamboanga, 960,000 Antipolo, 803,000 Cagayan de Oro City, 803,000 Dasmarinas (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 98.5% (2020 est.) | male: 98.4% (2020 est.) | female: 97% (2022 est.)", "display": "total population: 98.5% (2020 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 12 years (2021 est.) | male: 12 years (2021 est.) | female: 13 years (2021 est.)", "display": "total: 12 years (2021 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of the Philippines | conventional short form: Philippines | local long form: Republika ng Pilipinas | local short form: Pilipinas | etymology: named in honor of King PHILLIP II of Spain by Spanish explorer Ruy LOPEZ de VILLALOBOS, who visited the islands in 1543", "display": "conventional long form: Republic of the Philippines", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Manila | geographic coordinates: 14 36 N, 120 58 E | time difference: UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: derives from the Tagalog word may , meaning \"there is,\" and nila , the local name for a shrub in the indigo family", "display": "name: Manila", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "presidential republic", "display": "presidential republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "mixed system of civil, common, Islamic (sharia), and customary law", "display": "mixed system of civil, common, Islamic (sharia), and customary law", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: several previous; latest ratified 2 February 1987, effective 11 February 1987 | amendment process: proposed by Congress if supported by three fourths of the membership, by a constitutional convention called by Congress, or by public petition; passage by either of the three proposal methods requires a majority vote in a national referendum", "display": "history: several previous; latest ratified 2 February 1987, effective 11 February 1987", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1987 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "81 provinces and 38 chartered cities | provinces: Abra, Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Aklan, Albay, Antique, Apayao, Aurora, Basilan, Bataan, Batanes, Batangas, Biliran, Benguet, Bohol, Bukidnon, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Camiguin, Capiz, Catanduanes, Cavite, Cebu, Cotabato, Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, Davao de Oro, Davao Occidental, Davao Oriental, Dinagat Islands, Eastern 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"display": "81 provinces and 38 chartered cities", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ADB, APEC, ARF, ASEAN, BIS, CD, CICA (observer), CP, EAS, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSTAH, NAM, OAS (observer), OPCW, PCA, PIF (partner), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNMIL, UNMOGIP, UNOCI, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ADB, APEC, ARF, ASEAN, BIS, CD, CICA (observer), CP, EAS, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, I…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "growing Southeast Asian economy; commercial rebound led by transportation, construction and financial services; electronics exports recovering from sector slowdown; significant remittances; interest rate rises following heightened inflation; uncertainties due to increased regional tensions with China", "display": "growing Southeast Asian economy; commercial rebound led by transportation, construction and financial services; electronics exports recovering from sector slowdown; significant re…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$1.202 trillion (2024 est.) | $1.137 trillion (2023 est.) | $1.078 trillion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$1.202 trillion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 1202.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$10,400 (2024 est.) | $9,900 (2023 est.) | $9,500 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$10,400 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 10400.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "5.7% (2024 est.) | 5.5% (2023 est.) | 7.6% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "5.7% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3.2% (2024 est.) | 6% (2023 est.) | 5.8% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "3.2% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.032, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.2% (2024 est.) | 2.3% (2023 est.) | 2.6% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "2.2% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.022000000000000002, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "semiconductors and electronics assembly, business process outsourcing, food and beverage manufacturing, construction, electric/gas/water supply, chemical products, radio/television/communications equipment and apparatus, petroleum and fuel, textile and garments, non-metallic minerals, basic metal industries, transport equipment", "display": "semiconductors and electronics assembly, business process outsourcing, food and beverage manufacturing, construction, electric/gas/water supply, chemical products, radio/televisio…", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "sugarcane, rice, coconuts, maize, bananas, vegetables, tropical fruits, plantains, pineapples, cassava (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "sugarcane, rice, coconuts, maize, bananas, vegetables, tropical fruits, plantains, pineapples, cassava (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "integrated circuits, machine parts, gold, insulated wire, semiconductors (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "integrated circuits, machine parts, gold, insulated wire, semiconductors (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "integrated circuits, refined petroleum, cars, crude petroleum, coal (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "integrated circuits, refined petroleum, cars, crude petroleum, coal (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 84% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 84% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.84, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 7.51 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 7 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 7.51 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 7510000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 94.8% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 98% | electrification - rural areas: 91.1%", "display": "electrification - total population: 94.8% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 77.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 1.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 0.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | geothermal: 9.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 1.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 77.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "17.654 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "17.654 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "256 (2025)", "display": "256 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 70 (2024) | large: 2 | medium: 4 | small: 8 | very small: 56 | ports with oil terminals: 22 | key ports: Batangas City, Cagayan de Oro, Cebu, Manila, San Fernando Harbor, Subic Bay", "display": "total ports: 70 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 77 km (2017) | standard gauge: 49 km (2017) 1.435-m gauge | narrow gauge: 28 km (2017) 1.067-m gauge", "display": "total: 77 km (2017)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2017 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 2,203 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 52, container ship 43, general cargo 955, oil tanker 207, other 946", "display": "total: 2,203 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "deforestation, especially in watershed areas; illegal mining and logging; soil erosion; air and water pollution in major urban centers; coral reef degradation; increasing pollution of coastal mangrove swamps; coastal erosion; dynamite fishing; wildlife extinction", "display": "deforestation, especially in watershed areas; illegal mining and logging; soil erosion; air and water pollution in major urban centers; coral reef degradation; increasing pollutio…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "156.228 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 88.581 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 61.597 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 6.05 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "156.228 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "479 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "479 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 9.498 billion cubic meters (2022) | industrial: 13.602 billion cubic meters (2022) | agricultural: 67.937 billion cubic meters (2022)", "display": "municipal: 9.498 billion cubic meters (2022)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardo…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/philippines.json" }, { "entity_id": "pitcairn-islands", "name": "Pitcairn Islands", "source_code": "PN", "source_entity_class": "dependency-or-territory", "source_region": "Oceania", "roadmap_country": null, "coverage_region": null, "roadmap_status": "additional", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 60, "published_fact_count": 28, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": null, "area_sq_km": 47.0, "capital": "Adamstown", "government_type": "parliamentary democracy", "life_expectancy_years": null, "urban_population_percent": null, "internet_users_percent": 96.2, "electricity_access_percent": null, "gdp_per_capita_usd": null, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": null, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Polynesians were the first settlers on the four tiny islands that are now called the Pitcairn Islands, but all four were uninhabited by the time Europeans discovered them in 1606. Pitcairn Island -- the only one now inhabited -- was rediscovered by a British explorer in 1767. In 1789, Fletcher CHRISTIAN led a mutiny on the HMS Bounty, and after several months of searching for Pitcairn Island, he landed on it with eight other mutineers and their Tahitian companions. They lived in isolation and evaded detection by English authorities until 1808, when only one man, 10 women, and 23 children remained. In 1831, with the population of 87 proving too big for the island, the British attempted to move all the islanders to Tahiti, but they were soon returned to Pitcairn Island. The island became an official British colony in 1838, and in 1856, the British again determined that the population of 193 was too high and relocated all the residents to Norfolk Island. Several families returned in 1858 and 1864, bringing the island’s population to 43, and almost all of the island’s current population are descendants of these returnees. | The UK annexed the nearby uninhabited islands of Henderson, Oeno, and Ducie in 1902 and incorporated them into the Pitcairn Islands colony in 1938. The population peaked at 233 in 1937 as outmigration, primarily to New Zealand, has since thinned the population. Only two children were born between 1986 and 2012, and in 2005, a couple became the first outsiders to obtain citizenship in more than a century. Since 2013, the Pitcairn Islands has tried to attract new migrants but has had no applicants because it requires prospective migrants to front significant sums of money and prohibits employment during a two-year trial period, at which point the local council can deny long-term resident status.", "display": "Polynesians were the first settlers on the four tiny islands that are now called the Pitcairn Islands, but all four were uninhabited by the time Europeans discovered them in 1606.…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1902 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about midway between Peru and New Zealand", "display": "Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about midway between Peru and New Zealand", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Oceania", "display": "Oceania", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 47 sq km | land: 47 sq km | water: 0 sq km", "display": "total : 47 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 47.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "51 km", "display": "51 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "rugged volcanic formation; rocky coastline with cliffs", "display": "rugged volcanic formation; rocky coastline with cliffs", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical; hot and humid; modified by southeast trade winds; rainy season (November to March)", "display": "tropical; hot and humid; modified by southeast trade winds; rainy season (November to March)", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Palwala Valley Point on Big Ridge 347 m | lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m", "display": "highest point: Palwala Valley Point on Big Ridge 347 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "occasional tropical cyclones (especially November to March), but generally only heavy tropical storms; landslides", "display": "occasional tropical cyclones (especially November to March), but generally only heavy tropical storms; landslides", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "miro trees (used for handicrafts), fish | note: manganese, iron, copper, gold, silver, and zinc have been discovered offshore", "display": "miro trees (used for handicrafts), fish", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "a handful of inhabitants, most residing near the village of Adamstown", "display": "a handful of inhabitants, most residing near the village of Adamstown", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 50 (2025 est.)", "display": "total: 50 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0% (2014 est.)", "display": "0% (2014 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0, "estimate_year": 2014 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "English (official), Pitkern (mixture of an 18th century English dialect and a Tahitian dialect)", "display": "English (official), Pitkern (mixture of an 18th century English dialect and a Tahitian dialect)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Seventh Day Adventist 100%", "display": "Seventh Day Adventist 100%", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie, and Oeno Islands | conventional short form: Pitcairn Islands | etymology: named after English midshipman Robert PITCAIRN, who first sighted the island in 1767", "display": "conventional long form: Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie, and Oeno Islands", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Adamstown | geographic coordinates: 25 04 S, 130 05 W | time difference: UTC-9 (4 hours behind Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: named after John ADAMS (1767–1829), the last survivor of the Bounty mutineers who settled on Pitcairn Island in 1790", "display": "name: Adamstown", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary democracy", "display": "parliamentary democracy", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "local island by-laws", "display": "local island by-laws", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: several previous; latest drafted 10 February 2010, presented 17 February 2010, effective 4 March 2010", "display": "history: several previous; latest drafted 10 February 2010, presented 17 February 2010, effective 4 March 2010", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2010 }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "SPC, UPU", "display": "SPC, UPU", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "small South Pacific British island territorial economy; exports primarily postage stamps, handicraft goods, honey, and tinctures; extremely limited infrastructure; dependent upon UK and EU aid; recent border reopening post-COVID-19", "display": "small South Pacific British island territorial economy; exports primarily postage stamps, handicraft goods, honey, and tinctures; extremely limited infrastructure; dependent upon…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "postage stamps, handicrafts, beekeeping, honey", "display": "postage stamps, handicrafts, beekeeping, honey", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "honey; wide variety of fruits and vegetables; goats, chickens; fish", "display": "honey; wide variety of fruits and vegetables; goats, chickens; fish", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "fertilizers, sulfur, refined petroleum, excavation machinery, ethylene polymers (2022) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "fertilizers, sulfur, refined petroleum, excavation machinery, ethylene polymers (2022)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "construction vehicles, refined petroleum, beef, computers, other foods (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "construction vehicles, refined petroleum, beef, computers, other foods (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 96.2% (2021 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 96.2% (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.9620000000000001, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "deforestation (only a small portion of the original forest remains because of burning and clearing for settlement)", "display": "deforestation (only a small portion of the original forest remains because of burning and clearing for settlement)", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/pitcairn-islands.json" }, { "entity_id": "poland", "name": "Poland", "source_code": "PL", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Europe", "roadmap_country": "Poland", "coverage_region": "Europe", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 156, "published_fact_count": 51, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 38746310.0, "area_sq_km": 312685.0, "capital": "Warsaw", "government_type": "parliamentary republic", "life_expectancy_years": 76.7, "urban_population_percent": 60.2, "internet_users_percent": 86.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 45100.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Poland's history as a state began near the middle of the 10th century. By the mid-16th century, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth ruled a vast tract of land in Central and Eastern Europe. During the 18th century, internal disorder weakened the nation, and in a series of agreements between 1772 and 1795, Russia, Prussia, and Austria partitioned Poland among themselves. Poland regained its independence in 1918 only to be overrun by Germany and the Soviet Union in World War II. It became a Soviet satellite state following the war. Labor turmoil in 1980 led to the formation of the independent trade union Solidarity that over time became a political force with over 10 million members. Free elections in 1989 and 1990 won Solidarity control of the parliament and the presidency, bringing the communist era to a close. A \"shock therapy\" program during the early 1990s enabled the country to transform its economy into one of the most robust in Central Europe. Poland joined NATO in 1999 and the EU in 2004.", "display": "Poland's history as a state began near the middle of the 10th century. 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(Polish) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. | note 1: shares of languages sum to more than 100% because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census; data represent language spoken at home | note 2: Poland also recognizes Kashub as a regional language; Czech, Hebrew, Yiddish, Belarusian, Lithuanian, German, Armenian, Russian, Slovak, and Ukrainian as national minority languages; and Karaim, Lemko, Romani (Polska Roma and Bergitka Roma), and Tatar as ethnic minority languages", "display": "Polish (official) 98.2%, Silesian 1.4%, other 1.1%, unspecified 1.2% (2011 est.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2011 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Roman Catholic 70.7%, refused to answer 20.9%, no religion 6.9%; less than 1 percent: Orthodox, Jehovah Witness, Evangelic of Augsburg, Greek Catholic, Pentecostal, other Protestant, not 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| female: 44.3 years", "display": "total: 43.4 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.798 million WARSAW (capital), 769,000 Krakow (2023)", "display": "1.798 million WARSAW (capital), 769,000 Krakow (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 17 years (2023 est.) | male: 16 years (2023 est.) | female: 18 years (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 17 years (2023 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": 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"Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: several previous; latest adopted 2 April 1997, approved by referendum 25 May 1997, effective 17 October 1997 | amendment process: proposed by at least one fifth of Sejm deputies, by the Senate, or by the president of the republic; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote in the Sejm and absolute majority vote in the Senate; amendments to articles relating to sovereignty, personal freedoms, and constitutional amendment procedures also require passage by majority vote in a referendum", "display": "history: several previous; latest adopted 2 April 1997, approved by referendum 25 May 1997, effective 17 October 1997", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1997 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "16 provinces or voivodships ( wojewodztwa , singular - wojewodztwo ); Dolnoslaskie (Lower Silesia), Kujawsko-Pomorskie (Kuyavia-Pomerania), Lodzkie (Lodz), Lubelskie (Lublin), Lubuskie (Lubusz), Malopolskie (Lesser Poland), Mazowieckie (Masovia), Opolskie (Opole), Podkarpackie (Subcarpathia), Podlaskie, Pomorskie (Pomerania), Slaskie (Silesia), Swietokrzyskie (Holy Cross), Warminsko-Mazurskie (Warmia-Masuria), Wielkopolskie (Greater Poland), Zachodniopomorskie (West Pomerania)", "display": "16 provinces or voivodships ( wojewodztwa , singular - wojewodztwo ); Dolnoslaskie (Lower Silesia), Kujawsko-Pomorskie (Kuyavia-Pomerania), Lodzkie (Lodz), Lubelskie (Lublin), Lub…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "Arctic Council (observer), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS, CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, ESA, EU, 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2004; private consumption and EU-funded public investments driving GDP growth; increased social spending, flooding recovery costs, and defense spending have added to public debt", "display": "high-income, diversified, EU-member economy; significant growth in GDP, trade, and investment since joining EU in 2004; private consumption and EU-funded public investments drivin…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2004 }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$1.649 trillion (2024 est.) | $1.602 trillion (2023 est.) | $1.598 trillion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$1.649 trillion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 1649.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$45,100 (2024 est.) | $43,700 (2023 est.) | $43,400 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$45,100 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 45100.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.9% (2024 est.) | 0.2% (2023 est.) | 5.3% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "2.9% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3.8% (2024 est.) | 11.5% (2023 est.) | 14.4% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "3.8% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.038, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.5% (2024 est.) | 2.8% (2023 est.) | 2.9% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "2.5% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.025, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "machine building, iron and steel, coal mining, chemicals, shipbuilding, food processing, glass, beverages, textiles", "display": "machine building, iron and steel, coal mining, chemicals, shipbuilding, food processing, glass, beverages, textiles", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "sugar beets, milk, wheat, maize, potatoes, triticale, apples, rapeseed, barley, rye (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "sugar beets, milk, wheat, maize, potatoes, triticale, apples, rapeseed, barley, rye (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "vehicle parts/accessories, electric batteries, plastic products, cars, seats (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "vehicle parts/accessories, electric batteries, plastic products, cars, seats (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "crude petroleum, cars, garments, vehicle parts/accessories, plastic products (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "crude petroleum, cars, garments, vehicle parts/accessories, plastic products (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 86% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 86% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.86, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 10.1 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 26 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 10.1 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 10100000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 72.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 6.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 14.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 1.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 4.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 72.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "103.651 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "103.651 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "318 (2025)", "display": "318 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 10 (2024) | large: 2 | medium: 2 | small: 4 | very small: 2 | ports with oil terminals: 5 | key ports: Gdansk, Gdynia, Port Polnochny, Szczecin", "display": "total ports: 10 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 19,461 km (2020) 11,946 km electrified", "display": "total: 19,461 km (2020) 11,946 km electrified", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 152 (2023) | by type: general cargo 6, oil tanker 6, other 140", "display": "total: 152 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "air pollution (despite environmental policy improvements) because of coal-burning in homes and power plants; acid rain leading to forest damage; water pollution from industrial and municipal sources; disposal of hazardous wastes", "display": "air pollution (despite environmental policy improvements) because of coal-burning in homes and power plants; acid rain leading to forest damage; water pollution from industrial an…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "264.031 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 132.101 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 95.095 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 36.835 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "264.031 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "60.5 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "60.5 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 2.113 billion cubic meters (2022) | industrial: 6.44 billion cubic meters (2022) | agricultural: 1.28 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 2.113 billion cubic meters (2022)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic- Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer 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"summary": { "population": 10194277.0, "area_sq_km": 92090.0, "capital": "Lisbon", "government_type": "semi-presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 81.9, "urban_population_percent": 67.9, "internet_users_percent": 86.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 41900.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "A global maritime power during the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal lost much of its wealth and status with the destruction of Lisbon in a 1755 earthquake, occupation during the Napoleonic Wars, and the independence of Brazil, its wealthiest colony, in 1822. A revolution deposed the monarchy in 1910, and for most of the next six decades, repressive governments ran the country. In 1974, a left-wing military coup ushered in broad democratic reforms. The following year, Portugal granted independence to all its African colonies. Portugal is a founding member of NATO and entered the EC (now the EU) in 1986.", "display": "A global maritime power during the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal lost much of its wealth and status with the destruction of Lisbon in a 1755 earthquake, occupation during the…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1910 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southwestern Europe, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Spain", "display": "Southwestern Europe, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Spain", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Europe", "display": "Europe", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 92,090 sq km | land: 91,470 sq km | water: 620 sq km | note: includes Azores and Madeira Islands", "display": "total : 92,090 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 92090.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "1,793 km", "display": "1,793 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "the west-flowing Tagus River divides the country: the north is mountainous toward the interior, while the south is characterized by rolling plains", "display": "the west-flowing Tagus River divides the country: the north is mountainous toward the interior, while the south is characterized by rolling plains", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "maritime temperate; cool and rainy in north, warmer and drier in south", "display": "maritime temperate; cool and rainy in north, warmer and drier in south", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Ponta do Pico (Pico or Pico Alto) on Ilha do Pico in the Azores 2,351 m | lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m | mean elevation: 372 m", "display": "highest point: Ponta do Pico (Pico or Pico Alto) on Ilha do Pico in the Azores 2,351 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Azores subject to severe earthquakes | volcanism: limited volcanic activity in the Azores Islands; Fayal or Faial (1,043 m) last erupted in 1958; most volcanoes have not erupted in centuries; historically active volcanoes include Agua de Pau, Furnas, Pico, Picos Volcanic System, San Jorge, Sete Cidades, and Terceira", "display": "Azores subject to severe earthquakes", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1958 }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "fish, forests (cork), iron ore, copper, zinc, tin, tungsten, silver, gold, uranium, marble, clay, gypsum, salt, arable land, hydropower", "display": "fish, forests (cork), iron ore, copper, zinc, tin, tungsten, silver, gold, uranium, marble, clay, gypsum, salt, arable land, hydropower", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "concentrations are primarily along or near the Atlantic coast; both Lisbon and the second largest city, Porto, are coastal cities", "display": "concentrations are primarily along or near the Atlantic coast; both Lisbon and the second largest city, Porto, are coastal cities", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 10,194,277 (2025 est.) | male: 4,831,166 | female: 5,363,111", "display": "total: 10,194,277 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 10194277.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "-0.11% (2025 est.)", "display": "-0.11% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": -0.0011, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 67.9% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.44% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 67.9% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Portuguese (official), Mirandese (official, but locally used)", "display": "Portuguese (official), Mirandese (official, but locally used)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Catholic 68.1%, not applicable 12.9%, no religion 12.0%, no response 2.2%, Protestant 1.8%, other 1.0%; less than 1%: other Christians, Orthodox, Muslim (2021 est.) | note: data represent population 15 years of age and older", "display": "Catholic 68.1%, not applicable 12.9%, no religion 12.0%, no response 2.2%, Protestant 1.8%, other 1.0%; less than 1%: other Christians, Orthodox, Muslim (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 81.9 years (2024 est.) | male: 78.8 years | female: 85.2 years", "display": "total population: 81.9 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 81.9, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 46.8 years (2025 est.) | male: 44.3 years | female: 48.3 years", "display": "total: 46.8 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "3.001 million LISBON (capital), 1.325 million Porto (2023)", "display": "3.001 million LISBON (capital), 1.325 million Porto (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 18 years (2022 est.) | male: 17 years (2022 est.) | female: 18 years (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 18 years (2022 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Portuguese Republic | conventional short form: Portugal | local long form: Republica Portuguesa | local short form: Portugal | etymology: name derives from the Roman designation \"Portus Cale,\" meaning \"Port of Cale;\" Cale was located in present-day northern Portugal, and its name is said to come from the Latin word calere (to be warm) because the harbor never iced over", "display": "conventional long form: Portuguese Republic", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Lisbon | geographic coordinates: 38 43 N, 9 08 W | time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October | time zone note: Portugal has two time zones, including the Azores (UTC-1) | etymology: the origin of the name is unclear; some trace it back to the legendary Greek hero Ulysses; others claim a derivation from the Phoenician alis-ubbo , or \"joyful bay\"", "display": "name: Lisbon", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "semi-presidential republic", "display": "semi-presidential republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law system; Constitutional Court reviews legislative acts", "display": "civil law system; Constitutional Court reviews legislative acts", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: several previous; latest adopted 2 April 1976, effective 25 April 1976 | amendment process: proposed by the Assembly of the Republic; adoption requires two-thirds majority vote of Assembly members", "display": "history: several previous; latest adopted 2 April 1976, effective 25 April 1976", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1976 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "18 districts ( distritos , singular - distrito ) and 2 autonomous regions* ( regioes autonomas , singular - regiao autonoma ); Aveiro, Acores (Azores)*, Beja, Braga, Braganca, Castelo Branco, Coimbra, Evora, Faro, Guarda, Leiria, Lisboa (Lisbon), Madeira*, Portalegre, Porto, Santarem, Setubal, Viana do Castelo, Vila Real, Viseu", "display": "18 districts ( distritos , singular - distrito ) and 2 autonomous regions* ( regioes autonomas , singular - regiao autonoma ); Aveiro, Acores (Azores)*, Beja, Braga, Braganca, Cas…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, CERN, CPLP, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club (associate), PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC", "display": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, CERN, CPLP, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "high-income EU and eurozone economy; strong services sector led by tourism and banking; tight labor market; growth driven by private consumption, trade surplus, and public investment from EU funds; declining public debt", "display": "high-income EU and eurozone economy; strong services sector led by tourism and banking; tight labor market; growth driven by private consumption, trade surplus, and public investm…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$448.226 billion (2024 est.) | $439.745 billion (2023 est.) | $428.547 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$448.226 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 448.226, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$41,900 (2024 est.) | $41,600 (2023 est.) | $41,100 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$41,900 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 41900.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "1.9% (2024 est.) | 2.6% (2023 est.) | 7% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "1.9% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.4% (2024 est.) | 4.3% (2023 est.) | 7.8% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "2.4% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.024, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "6.4% (2024 est.) | 6.6% (2023 est.) | 6.1% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "6.4% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.064, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "textiles, clothing, footwear, wood and cork, paper and pulp, chemicals, fuels and lubricants, automobiles and auto parts, base metals, minerals, porcelain and ceramics, glassware, technology, telecommunications; dairy products, wine, other foodstuffs; ship construction and refurbishment; tourism, plastics, financial services, optics", "display": "textiles, clothing, footwear, wood and cork, paper and pulp, chemicals, fuels and lubricants, automobiles and auto parts, base metals, minerals, porcelain and ceramics, glassware,…", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "milk, tomatoes, olives, grapes, maize, pork, potatoes, chicken, apples, oranges (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "milk, tomatoes, olives, grapes, maize, pork, potatoes, chicken, apples, oranges (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "cars, garments, vehicle parts/accessories, unpackaged medicine, refined petroleum (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "cars, garments, vehicle parts/accessories, unpackaged medicine, refined petroleum (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "cars, crude petroleum, vehicle parts/accessories, refined petroleum, garments (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "cars, crude petroleum, vehicle parts/accessories, refined petroleum, garments (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 86% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 86% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.86, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 4.6 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 44 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 4.6 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 4600000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 25.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 12.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 29% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 24.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | geothermal: 0.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 7.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 25.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "73.285 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "73.285 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "128 (2025)", "display": "128 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 18 (2024) | large: 3 | medium: 2 | small: 4 | very small: 9 | ports with oil terminals: 5 | key ports: Aveiro, Funchal, Lagos, Lisboa, Sines", "display": "total ports: 18 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 2,526 km (2020) 1,696 km electrified", "display": "total: 2,526 km (2020) 1,696 km electrified", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 888 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 110, container ship 299, general cargo 191, oil tanker 29, other 259", "display": "total: 888 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "soil erosion; air pollution from industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution, especially in urban centers and coastal areas", "display": "soil erosion; air pollution from industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution, especially in urban centers and coastal areas", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "38.272 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 20,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 29.525 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 8.727 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "38.272 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "77.4 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "77.4 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 920.03 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 1.83 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 3.419 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 920.03 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Environmental Modification, Nuclear Test Ban", "display": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Clima…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/portugal.json" }, { "entity_id": "puerto-rico", "name": "Puerto Rico", "source_code": "PR", "source_entity_class": "dependency-or-territory", "source_region": "Central America and the Caribbean", "roadmap_country": null, "coverage_region": null, "roadmap_status": "additional", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 120, "published_fact_count": 49, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 2984841.0, "area_sq_km": 9104.0, "capital": "San Juan", "government_type": "unincorporated organized territory of the US with local self-government; republican form of territorial government with separate executive, legislative, and judicial branches; not…", "life_expectancy_years": 82.1, "urban_population_percent": 93.6, "internet_users_percent": 87.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 44100.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Populated for centuries by aboriginal peoples, Puerto Rico was claimed by the Spanish Crown in 1493 after Christopher COLUMBUS' second voyage to the Americas. In 1898, after 400 years of colonial rule that saw the indigenous population nearly exterminated and African slave labor introduced, Puerto Rico was ceded to the US as a result of the Spanish-American War. Puerto Ricans were granted US citizenship in 1917. Popularly elected governors have served since 1948. In 1952, a constitution was enacted that provided for internal self-government. In plebiscites held in 1967, 1993, and 1998, voters chose not to alter the existing political status with the US, but the results of a 2012 vote left open the possibility of American statehood. A referendum held in late 2020 showed a narrow preference for statehood. | Economic recession on the island has led to a net population loss since about 2005, as large numbers of residents moved to the US mainland. In 2017, Hurricane Maria was the worst storm to hit the island in eight decades, and damage was estimated in the tens of billions of dollars.", "display": "Populated for centuries by aboriginal peoples, Puerto Rico was claimed by the Spanish Crown in 1493 after Christopher COLUMBUS' second voyage to the Americas. In 1898, after 400 y…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1917 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east of the Dominican Republic", "display": "Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east of the Dominican Republic", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Central America and the Caribbean", "display": "Central America and the Caribbean", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 9,104 sq km | land: 8,959 sq km | water: 145 sq km", "display": "total : 9,104 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 9104.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "501 km", "display": "501 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly mountains with coastal plain in north; precipitous mountains to the sea on west coast; sandy beaches along most coastal areas", "display": "mostly mountains with coastal plain in north; precipitous mountains to the sea on west coast; sandy beaches along most coastal areas", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical marine, mild; little seasonal temperature variation", "display": "tropical marine, mild; little seasonal temperature variation", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Cerro de Punta 1,338 m | lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m | mean elevation: 261 m", "display": "highest point: Cerro de Punta 1,338 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "periodic droughts; hurricanes", "display": "periodic droughts; hurricanes", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "some copper and nickel; potential for onshore and offshore oil", "display": "some copper and nickel; potential for onshore and offshore oil", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "population clusters tend to be found along the coast, with the largest of these in and around San Juan; an exception is a sizeable population located in the interior of the island immediately south of the capital around Caguas; most of the interior, particularly in the western half of the island, is dominated by the Cordillera Central mountains, where population density is low", "display": "population clusters tend to be found along the coast, with the largest of these in and around San Juan; an exception is a sizeable population located in the interior of the island…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 2,984,841 (2025 est.) | male: 1,400,771 | female: 1,584,070", "display": "total: 2,984,841 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 2984841.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "-1.1% (2025 est.)", "display": "-1.1% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": -0.011000000000000001, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 93.6% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: -0.12% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 93.6% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Spanish, English | major-language sample(s): | La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Spanish, English", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Roman Catholic 56%, Protestant 33% (largely Pentecostal), other 2%, atheist 1%, none 7% (2014 est.)", "display": "Roman Catholic 56%, Protestant 33% (largely Pentecostal), other 2%, atheist 1%, none 7% (2014 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2014 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 82.1 years (2024 est.) | male: 78.9 years | female: 85.5 years", "display": "total population: 82.1 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 82.1, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 46.7 years (2025 est.) | male: 44.2 years | female: 47.8 years", "display": "total: 46.7 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "2.440 million SAN JUAN (capital) (2023)", "display": "2.440 million SAN JUAN (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 92.4% (2017 est.) | male: 92.4% (2017 est.) | female: 92.4% (2017 est.)", "display": "total population: 92.4% (2017 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2017 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 17 years (2023 est.) | male: 16 years (2023 est.) | female: 18 years (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 17 years (2023 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Commonwealth of Puerto Rico | conventional short form: Puerto Rico | abbreviation: PR | etymology: Christopher COLUMBUS originally named the island San Juan Bautista (Saint John the Baptist) and the capital city and main port Cuidad de Puerto Rico (Rich Port City); over time, the names were shortened and transposed", "display": "conventional long form: Commonwealth of Puerto Rico", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: San Juan | geographic coordinates: 18 28 N, 66 07 W | time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: Spanish explorer Juan PONCE de Leon named the city in 1511 both for himself and for his name saint, Saint John", "display": "name: San Juan", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "unincorporated organized territory of the US with local self-government; republican form of territorial government with separate executive, legislative, and judicial branches; note - reference Puerto Rican Federal Relations Act, 2 March 1917, as amended by Public Law 600, 3 July 1950", "display": "unincorporated organized territory of the US with local self-government; republican form of territorial 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two-thirds majority vote by the membership of both houses and approval by a majority of voters in a special referendum; if passed by at least three-fourths Assembly vote, the referendum can be held concurrently with the next general election; constitutional articles such as the republican form of government or the bill of rights cannot be amended", "display": "history: previous 1900 (Organic Act, or Foraker Act); latest ratified by referendum 3 March 1952, approved 3 July 1952, effective 25 July 1952", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1900 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US government, but 78 municipalities ( municipios , singular - municipio ) are considered second-order: Adjuntas, Aguada, Aguadilla, Aguas Buenas, Aibonito, Anasco, Arecibo, Arroyo, Barceloneta, 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"international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "AOSIS (observer), Caricom (observer), Interpol (subbureau), IOC, UNWTO (associate), UPU, WFTU (NGOs)", "display": "AOSIS (observer), Caricom (observer), Interpol (subbureau), IOC, UNWTO (associate), UPU, WFTU (NGOs)", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "US Caribbean island territorial economy; hit hard by COVID-19 and hurricanes; declining labor force and job growth after a decade of continuous recession; capital-based industry and tourism; high poverty; energy import-dependent", "display": "US Caribbean island territorial economy; hit hard by COVID-19 and hurricanes; declining labor force and job growth after a decade of continuous recession; capital-based industry a…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$141.344 billion (2024 est.) | $136.926 billion (2023 est.) | $136.247 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$141.344 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 141.344, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$44,100 (2024 est.) | $42,700 (2023 est.) | $42,300 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$44,100 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 44100.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3.2% (2024 est.) | 0.5% (2023 est.) | 3% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "3.2% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "4.3% (2022 est.) | 2.4% (2021 est.) | -0.5% (2020 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "4.3% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.043, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "5.5% (2024 est.) | 5.8% (2023 est.) | 6% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "5.5% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.055, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "pharmaceuticals, electronics, apparel, food products, tourism", "display": "pharmaceuticals, electronics, apparel, food products, tourism", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "milk, plantains, bananas, tomatoes, chicken, oranges, mangoes/guavas, pineapples, eggs, pumpkins/squash (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "milk, plantains, bananas, tomatoes, chicken, oranges, mangoes/guavas, pineapples, eggs, pumpkins/squash (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "packaged medicines, medical cultures/vaccines, hormones, orthopedic and medical appliances, sulfur compounds (2019) | top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "packaged medicines, medical cultures/vaccines, hormones, orthopedic and medical appliances, sulfur compounds (2019)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2019 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "nitrogen compounds, sulfur compounds, refined petroleum, medical cultures/vaccines, cars (2019)", "display": "nitrogen compounds, sulfur compounds, refined petroleum, medical cultures/vaccines, cars (2019)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2019 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 87% (2022 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 87% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.87, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 751,000 (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 23 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 751,000 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 751000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 94.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 4.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 0.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 94.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "86.286 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "86.286 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "20 (2025)", "display": "20 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 14 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 3 | small: 4 | very small: 7 | ports with oil terminals: 7 | key ports: Arroyo, Ensenada Honda, Mayaguez, Playa de Guanica, Playa de Guayanilla, Playa de Ponce, San Juan", "display": "total ports: 14 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "soil erosion; occasional droughts cause water shortages; industrial pollution", "display": "soil erosion; occasional droughts cause water shortages; industrial pollution", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "18.833 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 2.49 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 11.801 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 4.542 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "18.833 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "7.1 billion cubic meters (2022)", "display": "7.1 billion cubic meters (2022)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 796 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 2.365 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 113.5 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 796 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/puerto-rico.json" }, { "entity_id": "qatar", "name": "Qatar", "source_code": "QA", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Middle East", "roadmap_country": "Qatar", "coverage_region": "Asia", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 140, "published_fact_count": 50, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 2568426.0, "area_sq_km": 11586.0, "capital": "Doha", "government_type": "absolute monarchy", "life_expectancy_years": 80.3, "urban_population_percent": 99.4, "internet_users_percent": 100.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 110900.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Ruled by the Al Thani family since the mid-1800s, Qatar within the last 60 years transformed itself from a poor British protectorate noted mainly for pearling into an independent state with significant hydrocarbon revenues. Former Amir HAMAD bin Khalifa Al Thani, who overthrew his father in a bloodless coup in 1995, ushered in wide-sweeping political and media reforms, unprecedented economic investment, and a growing Qatari regional leadership role, in part through the creation of the pan-Arab satellite news network Al-Jazeera and Qatar's mediation of some regional conflicts. In the 2000s, Qatar resolved its longstanding border disputes with both Bahrain and Saudi Arabia, and by 2007, Doha had attained the highest per capita income in the world. Qatar did not experience domestic unrest or violence like that seen in other Near Eastern and North African countries in 2011, due in part to its immense wealth and patronage network. In mid-2013, HAMAD peacefully abdicated, transferring power to his son, the current Amir TAMIM bin Hamad. TAMIM is popular with the Qatari public for his role in shepherding the country through an economic embargo from some other regional countries, for his efforts to improve the country's healthcare and education systems, and for his expansion of the country's infrastructure in anticipation of hosting international sporting events. Qatar became the first country in the Arab world to host the FIFA Men’s World Cup in 2022. Following the outbreak of regional unrest in 2011, Doha prided itself on its support for many popular revolutions, particularly in Libya and Syria. This stance was to the detriment of Qatar’s relations with Bahrain, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE), which temporarily recalled their respective ambassadors from Doha in 2014. TAMIM later oversaw a warming of Qatar’s relations with Bahrain, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE in November 2014 following Kuwaiti mediation and signing of the Riyadh Agreement. This reconciliation, however, was short-lived. In 2017, Bahrain, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE (the \"Quartet\") cut diplomatic and economic ties with Qatar in response to alleged violations of the agreement, among other complaints. They restored ties in 2021 after signing a declaration at the Gulf Cooperation Council Summit in Al Ula, Saudi Arabia. In 2022, the United States designated Qatar as a major non-NATO ally.", "display": "Ruled by the Al Thani family since the mid-1800s, Qatar within the last 60 years transformed itself from a poor British protectorate noted mainly for pearling into an independent…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1995 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Middle East, peninsula bordering the Persian Gulf and Saudi Arabia", "display": "Middle East, peninsula bordering the Persian Gulf and Saudi Arabia", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Middle East", "display": "Middle East", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 11,586 sq km | land: 11,586 sq km | water: 0 sq km", "display": "total : 11,586 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 11586.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "563 km", "display": "563 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly flat and barren desert", "display": "mostly flat and barren desert", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers", "display": "arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Tuwayyir al Hamir 103 m | lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m | mean elevation: 28 m", "display": "highest point: Tuwayyir al Hamir 103 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "haze, dust storms, sandstorms common", "display": "haze, dust storms, sandstorms common", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "petroleum, fish, natural gas", "display": "petroleum, fish, natural gas", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "most of the population is 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"people", "content": "urban population: 99.4% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 1.66% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 99.4% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Arabic (official), English commonly used as a second language | major-language sample(s): | كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Arabic (official), English commonly used as a second language", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Muslim 65.2%, Christian 13.7%, Hindu 15.9%, Buddhist 3.8%, folk religion <0.1%, Jewish 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"lens": "economy", "content": "dates, chicken, tomatoes, camel milk, vegetables, cucumbers/gherkins, pumpkins/squash, eggs, sheep milk, eggplants (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "dates, chicken, tomatoes, camel milk, vegetables, cucumbers/gherkins, pumpkins/squash, eggs, sheep milk, eggplants (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "natural gas, crude petroleum, refined petroleum, plastics, fertilizers (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "natural gas, crude petroleum, refined petroleum, plastics, fertilizers (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "gas turbines, cars, aircraft, iron pipes, ships (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "gas turbines, cars, aircraft, iron pipes, ships (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 100% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 100% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 1.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 347,000 (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 12 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 347,000 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 347000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, 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2, other 108", "display": "total: 123 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "air, land, and water pollution; limited natural freshwater resources; limited conservation of oil and wildlife", "display": "air, land, and water pollution; limited natural freshwater resources; limited conservation of oil and wildlife", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "127.783 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 10,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 27.781 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 99.991 million metric tonnes 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"label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/qatar.json" }, { "entity_id": "romania", "name": "Romania", "source_code": "RO", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Europe", "roadmap_country": "Romania", "coverage_region": "Europe", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": 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They were de facto linked in 1859 and formally united in 1862 under the new name of Romania. The country joined the Allied Powers in World War I and subsequently acquired new territories -- most notably Transylvania -- that more than doubled its size. In 1940, Romania allied with the Axis powers and participated in the 1941 German invasion of the USSR. Three years later, overrun by the Soviets, Romania signed an armistice. The post-war Soviet occupation led to the formation of a communist \"people's republic\" in 1947 and the abdication of the king. The decades-long rule of dictator Nicolae CEAUSESCU, who took power in 1965, and his Securitate police state became increasingly oppressive and draconian through the 1980s. CEAUSESCU was overthrown and executed in late 1989. Former communists dominated the government until 1996 when they were swept from power. 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They w…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1940 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Ukraine", "display": "Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Ukraine", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Europe", "display": "Europe", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 238,391 sq km | land: 229,891 sq km | water: 8,500 sq km", "display": "total : 238,391 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 238391.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "225 km", "display": "225 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "central Transylvanian Basin is separated from the Moldavian Plateau on the east by the Eastern Carpathian Mountains and separated from the Walachian Plain on the south by the Transylvanian Alps", "display": "central Transylvanian Basin is separated from the Moldavian Plateau on the east by the Eastern Carpathian Mountains and separated from the Walachian Plain on the south by the Tran…", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "temperate; 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(Romanian) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. | note: data represent individuals who declared a maternal language in the 2021 national census; 13.1% did not respond", "display": "Romanian (official) 91.6%, Hungarian 6.3%, Romani 1.2%, other 0.7% (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Romanian Orthodox 85.3%, Roman Catholic 4.5%, Reformed 3%, Pentecostal 2.5%, other 4.7% (2021 est.) | note: data represent individuals who declared a religion in the 2021 national census; 13.9% did not respond", "display": "Romanian Orthodox 85.3%, Roman Catholic 4.5%, Reformed 3%, Pentecostal 2.5%, other 4.7% (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 76.9 years (2024 est.) | male: 73.4 years | female: 80.5 years", "display": "total population: 76.9 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 76.9, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 45.8 years (2025 est.) | male: 44 years | female: 46.9 years", "display": "total: 45.8 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.776 million BUCHAREST (capital) (2023)", "display": "1.776 million BUCHAREST (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 99.2% (2021 est.) | male: 99% (2021 est.) | female: 99.3% (2021 est.)", "display": "total population: 99.2% (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 14 years (2023 est.) | male: 13 years (2023 est.) | female: 14 years (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 14 years (2023 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: none | conventional short form: Romania | local long form: none | local short form: Romania | former: Kingdom of Romania, Romanian People's Republic, Socialist Republic of Romania | etymology: the name derives from the Latin Romani , meaning \"people from Rome;\" the area was an outpost of the Roman Empire in the 2nd century A.D., and the current name was adopted when Moldavia and Wallachia merged in 1861", "display": "conventional long form: none", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Bucharest | geographic coordinates: 44 26 N, 26 06 E | time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October | etymology: the name is said to come from a shepherd named Bucur who is reputed to have founded the town in 1457, but a settlement probably already existed on the site; the name may come from the personal name of an early landowner", "display": "name: Bucharest", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "semi-presidential republic", "display": "semi-presidential republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law system", "display": "civil law system", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: several previous; latest adopted 21 November 1991, approved by referendum and effective 8 December 1991 | amendment process: initiated by the president of Romania through a proposal by the government, by at least one fourth of deputies or senators in Parliament, or by petition of eligible voters representing at least half of Romania’s counties; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by both chambers or – if mediation is required - by three-fourths majority vote in a joint session, followed by approval in a referendum; articles, including those on national sovereignty, form of government, political pluralism, and fundamental rights and freedoms cannot be amended", "display": "history: several previous; latest adopted 21 November 1991, approved by referendum and effective 8 December 1991", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1991 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "41 counties ( judete , singular - judet ) and 1 municipality* ( municipiu ); Alba, Arad, Arges, Bacau, Bihor, Bistrita-Nasaud, Botosani, Braila, Brasov, Bucuresti (Bucharest)*, Buzau, Calarasi, Caras-Severin, Cluj, Constanta, Covasna, Dambovita, Dolj, Galati, Gorj, Giurgiu, Harghita, Hunedoara, Ialomita, Iasi, Ilfov, Maramures, Mehedinti, Mures, Neamt, Olt, Prahova, Salaj, Satu Mare, Sibiu, Suceava, Teleorman, Timis, Tulcea, Vaslui, Valcea, Vrancea", "display": "41 counties ( judete , singular - judet ) and 1 municipality* ( municipiu ); Alba, Arad, Arges, Bacau, Bihor, Bistrita-Nasaud, Botosani, Braila, Brasov, Bucuresti (Bucharest)*, Bu…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "Australia Group, BIS, BSEC, CBSS (observer), CD, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, ESA, EU, FAO, G-9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, MONUSCO, NATO, NSG, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNOOSA,UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC", "display": "Australia Group, BIS, BSEC, CBSS (observer), CD, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, ESA, EU, FAO, G-9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS,…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "high-income, EU-member economy; euro membership delayed over macroeconomic indicators; persistent inflation, but consumption and EU-funded investments driving recovery; skilled labor shortage; high public debt and budget deficit; challenges include fiscal sustainability and political instability", "display": "high-income, EU-member economy; euro membership delayed over macroeconomic indicators; persistent inflation, but consumption and EU-funded investments driving recovery; skilled la…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$774.376 billion (2024 est.) | $768.126 billion (2023 est.) | $750.091 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$774.376 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 774.376, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$40,600 (2024 est.) | $40,300 (2023 est.) | $39,400 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$40,600 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 40600.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "0.8% (2024 est.) | 2.4% (2023 est.) | 4% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "0.8% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "5.7% (2024 est.) | 10.4% (2023 est.) | 13.8% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "5.7% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.057, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "5.4% (2024 est.) | 5.6% (2023 est.) | 5.7% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "5.4% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.054000000000000006, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "electric machinery and equipment, auto assembly, textiles and footwear, light machinery, metallurgy, chemicals, food processing, petroleum refining, mining, timber, construction materials", "display": "electric machinery and equipment, auto assembly, textiles and footwear, light machinery, metallurgy, chemicals, food processing, petroleum refining, mining, timber, construction m…", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "wheat, maize, milk, sunflower seeds, barley, rapeseed, potatoes, grapes, plums, apples (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "wheat, maize, milk, sunflower seeds, barley, rapeseed, potatoes, grapes, plums, apples (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "cars, vehicle parts/accessories, insulated wire, garments, wheat (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "cars, vehicle parts/accessories, insulated wire, garments, wheat (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "vehicle parts/accessories, packaged medicine, cars, crude petroleum, plastic products (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "vehicle parts/accessories, packaged medicine, cars, crude petroleum, plastic products (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 89% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 89% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.89, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 6.63 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 35 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 6.63 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 6630000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 32.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | nuclear: 18% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 3.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 13% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 32.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 0.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 32.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "59.377 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "59.377 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "103 (2025)", "display": "103 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 11 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 2 | small: 1 | very small: 8 | ports with oil terminals: 4 | key ports: Basarabi, Braila, Cernavoda, Constanta, Danube-Black Sea Canal, Galati, Mangalia, Medgidia, Midia, Sulina, Tulcea", "display": "total ports: 11 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 10,628 km (2020) 4,030 km electrified", "display": "total: 10,628 km (2020) 4,030 km electrified", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 127 (2023) | by type: general cargo 9, oil tanker 7, other 111", "display": "total: 127 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "soil erosion, degradation, and desertification; water pollution; air pollution in south from industrial effluents; contamination of Danube delta wetlands", "display": "soil erosion, degradation, and desertification; water pollution; air pollution in south from industrial effluents; contamination of Danube delta wetlands", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "61.416 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 13.07 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 30.902 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 17.444 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "61.416 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "212.01 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "212.01 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 1.256 billion cubic meters (2022) | industrial: 3.94 billion cubic meters (2022) | agricultural: 2.955 billion cubic meters (2022)", "display": "municipal: 1.256 billion cubic meters (2022)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarcti…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/romania.json" }, { "entity_id": "russia", "name": "Russia", "source_code": "RU", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Asia", "roadmap_country": "Russia", "coverage_region": "Europe", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 161, "published_fact_count": 52, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 140134279.0, "area_sq_km": 17098242.0, "capital": "Moscow", "government_type": "semi-presidential federation", "life_expectancy_years": 72.3, "urban_population_percent": 75.3, "internet_users_percent": 92.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 41700.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Founded in the 12th century, the Principality of Muscovy emerged from over 200 years of Mongol domination (13th-15th centuries) and gradually conquered and absorbed surrounding principalities. In the early 17th century, a new ROMANOV dynasty continued this policy of expansion across Siberia to the Pacific. Under PETER I (1682-1725), hegemony was extended to the Baltic Sea and the country was renamed the Russian Empire. During the 19th century, more territorial acquisitions were made in Europe and Asia. Defeat in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05 contributed to the Revolution of 1905, which resulted in the formation of a parliament and other reforms. Devastating defeats and food shortages in World War I led to widespread rioting in the major cities of the Russian Empire and to the overthrow of the ROMANOV Dynasty in 1917. The communists under Vladimir LENIN seized power soon after and formed the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). | The brutal rule of Iosif STALIN (1928-53) strengthened communist control and Russian dominance of the Soviet Union at a cost of tens of millions of lives. After defeating Germany in World War II as part of an alliance with the US (1939-1945), the USSR expanded its territory and influence in Eastern Europe and emerged as a global power. The USSR was the principal US adversary during the Cold War (1947-1991). The Soviet economy and society stagnated in the decades following Stalin's rule, until General Secretary Mikhail GORBACHEV (1985-91) introduced glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) in an attempt to modernize communism. His initiatives inadvertently released political and economic forces that by December 1991 led to the dissolution of the USSR into Russia and 14 other independent states. In response to the ensuing turmoil during President Boris YELTSIN's term (1991-99), Russia shifted toward a centralized authoritarian state under President Vladimir PUTIN (2000-2008, 2012-present) in which the regime seeks to legitimize its rule through managed elections, populist appeals, a foreign policy focused on enhancing the country's geopolitical influence, and commodity-based economic growth. | In 2014, Russia purported to annex Ukraine's Crimean Peninsula and occupied large portions of two eastern Ukrainian oblasts. In sporadic fighting over the next eight years, more than 14,000 civilians were killed or wounded as a result of the Russian invasion in eastern Ukraine. On 24 February 2022, Russia escalated its conflict with Ukraine by invading the country on several fronts in what has become the largest conventional military attack on a sovereign state in Europe since World War II. The invasion received near-universal international condemnation, and many countries imposed sanctions on Russia and supplied humanitarian and military aid to Ukraine. In September 2022, Russia unilaterally declared its annexation of four Ukrainian oblasts -- Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk, and Zaporizhzhia -- even though none were fully under Russian control. The annexations remain unrecognized by the international community.", "display": "Founded in the 12th century, the Principality of Muscovy emerged from over 200 years of Mongol domination (13th-15th centuries) and gradually conquered and absorbed surrounding pr…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1904 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "North Asia bordering the Arctic Ocean, extending from Eastern Europe (the portion west of the Urals) to the North Pacific Ocean", "display": "North Asia bordering the Arctic Ocean, extending from Eastern Europe (the portion west of the Urals) to the North Pacific Ocean", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Asia", "display": "Asia", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 17,098,242 sq km | land: 16,377,742 sq km | water: 720,500 sq km", "display": "total : 17,098,242 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 17098242.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "37,653 km", "display": "37,653 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "broad plain with low hills west of Urals; vast coniferous forest and tundra in Siberia; uplands and mountains along southern border regions", "display": "broad plain with low hills west of Urals; vast coniferous forest and tundra in Siberia; uplands and mountains along southern border regions", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "ranges from steppes in the south through humid continental in much of European Russia; subarctic in Siberia to tundra climate in the polar north; winters vary from cool along Black Sea coast to frigid in Siberia; summers vary from warm in the steppes to cool along Arctic coast", "display": "ranges from steppes in the south through humid continental in much of European Russia; subarctic in Siberia to tundra climate in the polar north; winters vary from cool along Blac…", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Gora El'brus (highest point in Europe) 5,642 m | lowest point: Caspian Sea -28 m | mean elevation: 600 m", "display": "highest point: Gora El'brus (highest point in Europe) 5,642 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "permafrost over much of Siberia is a major impediment to development; volcanic activity in the Kuril Islands; volcanoes and earthquakes on the Kamchatka Peninsula; spring floods and summer/autumn forest fires in Siberia and parts of European Russia | volcanism: Kamchatka Peninsula is home to 29 historically active volcanoes, with dozens more in the Kuril Islands; Kliuchevskoi (4,835 m) is Kamchatka's most active volcano; Avachinsky and Koryaksky volcanoes, which pose a threat to the city of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, have been deemed Decade Volcanoes by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to their explosive history and close proximity to human populations; other notable historically active volcanoes include Bezymianny, Chikurachki, Ebeko, Gorely, Grozny, Karymsky, Ketoi, Kronotsky, Ksudach, Medvezhia, Mutnovsky, Sarychev Peak, Shiveluch, Tiatia, Tolbachik, and Zheltovsky; see note 2 under \"Geography - note\"", "display": "permafrost over much of Siberia is a major impediment to development; volcanic activity in the Kuril Islands; volcanoes and earthquakes on the Kamchatka Peninsula; spring floods a…", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "wide natural-resource base including major deposits of oil, natural gas, coal, and many strategic minerals, bauxite, reserves of rare earth elements, timber | note: formidable obstacles of climate, terrain, and distance hinder exploitation of natural resources", "display": "wide natural-resource base including major deposits of oil, natural gas, coal, and many strategic minerals, bauxite, reserves of rare earth elements, timber", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "population is heavily concentrated in the westernmost fifth of the country, extending from the Baltic Sea south to the Caspian Sea, and eastward parallel to the Kazakh border; elsewhere, sizeable population pockets are isolated and generally found in the south", "display": "population is heavily concentrated in the westernmost fifth of the country, extending from the Baltic Sea south to the Caspian Sea, and eastward parallel to the Kazakh border; els…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 140,134,279 (2025 est.) | male: 65,166,555 | female: 74,967,724", "display": "total: 140,134,279 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 140134279.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "-0.49% (2025 est.)", "display": "-0.49% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": -0.0049, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 75.3% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.11% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 75.3% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Russian (official) 85.7%, Tatar 3.2%, Chechen 1%, other 10.1% (2010 est.) | major-language sample(s): | Книга фактов о мире – незаменимый источник базовой информации. (Russian) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. | note: data represent native language spoken", "display": "Russian (official) 85.7%, Tatar 3.2%, Chechen 1%, other 10.1% (2010 est.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2010 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Russian Orthodox 15-20%, Muslim 10-15%, other Christian 2% (2006 est.) | note: estimates are of practicing worshipers; Russia has large populations of non-practicing believers and non-believers, a legacy of over seven decades of official atheism under Soviet rule; Russia officially recognizes Orthodox Christianity, Islam, Judaism, and Buddhism as the country's traditional religions", "display": "Russian Orthodox 15-20%, Muslim 10-15%, other Christian 2% (2006 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 72.3 years (2024 est.) | male: 67.4 years | female: 77.4 years", "display": "total population: 72.3 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 72.3, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 42.3 years (2025 est.) | male: 39.4 years | female: 44.5 years", "display": "total: 42.3 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "12.680 million MOSCOW (capital), 5.561 million Saint Petersburg, 1.695 million Novosibirsk, 1.528 million Yekaterinburg, 1.292 million Kazan, 1.251 million Nizhniy Novgorod (2023)", "display": "12.680 million MOSCOW (capital), 5.561 million Saint Petersburg, 1.695 million Novosibirsk, 1.528 million Yekaterinburg, 1.292 million Kazan, 1.251 million Nizhniy Novgorod (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 99.9% (2021 est.) | male: 99.9% (2021 est.) | female: 99.9% (2021 est.)", "display": "total population: 99.9% (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 15 years (2023 est.) | male: 15 years (2023 est.) | female: 15 years (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 15 years (2023 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Russian Federation | conventional short form: Russia | local long form: Rossiyskaya Federatsiya | local short form: Rossiya | former: Russian Empire, Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic | etymology: Russian lands were referred to as Muscovy until PETER I declared the Empire of All Russias in 1721; the new name aimed at identifying the new Russia with European political tradition; \"Rus\" was the Old Finnish name given to Varangians (eastern Vikings) who entered the area in the 9th century", "display": "conventional long form: Russian Federation", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Moscow | geographic coordinates: 55 45 N, 37 36 E | time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: does not observe daylight savings time (DST) | time zone note: Russia has 11 time zones, the largest number of contiguous time zones of any country in the world; in 2014, two time zones were added and DST dropped | etymology: named after the Moskva River; the origin of the river's name is unclear", "display": "name: Moscow", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2014 }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "semi-presidential federation", "display": "semi-presidential federation", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts", "display": "civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: several previous (during Russian Empire and Soviet era); latest drafted 12 July 1993, adopted by referendum 12 December 1993, effective 25 December 1993 | amendment process: proposed by the president of the Russian Federation, by either house of the Federal Assembly, by the government of the Russian Federation, or by legislative (representative) bodies of the Federation's constituent entities; proposals to amend the government’s constitutional system, human and civil rights and freedoms, and procedures for amending or drafting a new constitution require formation of a Constitutional Assembly; passage of such amendments requires two-thirds majority vote of its total membership; passage in a referendum requires participation of an absolute majority of eligible voters and an absolute majority of valid votes; approval of proposed amendments to the government structure, authorities, and procedures requires approval by the legislative bodies of at least two thirds of the Russian Federation's constituent entities", "display": "history: several previous (during Russian Empire and Soviet era); latest drafted 12 July 1993, adopted by referendum 12 December 1993, effective 25 December 1993", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1993 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "46 provinces ( oblasti , singular - oblast ), 21 republics ( respubliki , singular - respublika ), 4 autonomous districts ( avtonomnyye okrugi , singular - avtonomnyy okrug ), 9 federal subjects ( kraya , singular - kray ), 2 federal cities ( goroda , singular - gorod ), and 1 autonomous province ( avtonomnaya oblast' ) | oblasts: Amur (Blagoveshchensk), Arkhangelsk, Astrakhan, Belgorod, Bryansk, Chelyabinsk, Irkutsk, Ivanovo, Kaliningrad, Kaluga, Kemerovo, Kirov, Kostroma, Kurgan, Kursk, Leningrad (Gatchina), Lipetsk, Magadan, Moscow, Murmansk, Nizhniy Novgorod, Novgorod, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Orenburg, Orel, Penza, Pskov, Rostov, Ryazan, Sakhalin (Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk), Samara, Saratov, Smolensk, Sverdlovsk (Yekaterinburg), Tambov, Tomsk, Tula, Tver, Tyumen, Ulyanovsk, Vladimir, Volgograd, Vologda, Voronezh, Yaroslavl | republics: Adygeya (Maykop), Altay (Gorno-Altaysk), Bashkortostan (Ufa), Buryatiya (Ulan-Ude), Chechnya (Groznyy), Chuvashiya (Cheboksary), Dagestan (Makhachkala), Ingushetiya (Magas), Kabardino-Balkariya (Nal'chik), Kalmykiya (Elista), Karachayevo-Cherkesiya (Cherkessk), Kareliya (Petrozavodsk), Khakasiya (Abakan), Komi (Syktyvkar), Mariy-El (Yoshkar-Ola), Mordoviya (Saransk), North Ossetia (Vladikavkaz), Sakha [Yakutiya] (Yakutsk), Tatarstan (Kazan), Tyva (Kyzyl), Udmurtiya (Izhevsk) | autonomous districts: Chukotka (Anadyr'), Khanty-Mansi-Yugra (Khanty-Mansiysk), Nenets (Nar'yan-Mar), Yamalo-Nenets (Salekhard) | federal subjects: Altay (Barnaul), Kamchatka (Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy), Khabarovsk, Krasnodar, Krasnoyarsk, Perm, Primorskiy [Maritime] (Vladivostok), Stavropol, Zabaykalsk [Transbaikal] (Chita) | federal cities: Moscow [Moskva], Saint Petersburg [Sankt-Peterburg] | autonomous province: Yevreyskaya [Jewish] (Birobidzhan) | note 1: administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers; exceptions show the administrative center name in parentheses | note 2: the United States does not recognize Russia's annexation or renaming of Ukraine's Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the municipality of Sevastopol; it similarly does not recognize the annexation of the Ukrainian oblasts Donetsk, Luhansk, Zaporizhzhia, and Kherson", "display": "46 provinces ( oblasti , singular - oblast ), 21 republics ( respubliki , singular - respublika ), 4 autonomous districts ( avtonomnyye okrugi , singular - avtonomnyy okrug ), 9 f…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "APEC, Arctic Council, ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), BIS, BRICS, BSEC, CBSS, CD, CE, CERN (observer), CICA, CIS, CSTO, EAEC, EAEU, EAPC, EAS, EBRD, FAO, FATF, G-20, GCTU, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, MINURSO, MONUSCO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OIC (observer), OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PFP, SCO, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNOOSA, UN Security Council (permanent), UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC", "display": "APEC, Arctic Council, ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), BIS, BRICS, BSEC, CBSS, CD, CE, CERN (observer), CICA, CIS, CSTO, EAEC, EAEU, EAPC, EAS, EBRD, FAO, FATF, G-20, GCTU, IAEA, IB…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "natural resource-rich Eurasian economy; leading energy exporter to Europe and Asia; decreased oil export reliance; endemic corruption, Ukrainian invasion, and lack of green infrastructure limit investment and have led to sanctions", "display": "natural resource-rich Eurasian economy; leading energy exporter to Europe and Asia; decreased oil export reliance; endemic corruption, Ukrainian invasion, and lack of green infras…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$6.089 trillion (2024 est.) | $5.835 trillion (2023 est.) | $5.607 trillion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$6.089 trillion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 6089.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$41,700 (2024 est.) | $39,900 (2023 est.) | $38,200 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$41,700 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 41700.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "4.3% (2024 est.) | 4.1% (2023 est.) | -1.4% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "4.3% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "6.7% (2021 est.) | 3.4% (2020 est.) | 4.5% (2019 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "6.7% (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.067, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.6% (2024 est.) | 3.1% (2023 est.) | 3.9% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "2.6% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.026000000000000002, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "complete range of mining and extractive industries producing coal, oil, gas, chemicals, and metals; all forms of machine building from rolling mills to high-performance aircraft and space vehicles; defense industries (including radar, missile production, advanced electronic components), shipbuilding; road and rail transportation equipment; communications equipment; agricultural machinery, tractors, and construction equipment; electric power generating and transmitting equipment; medical and scientific instruments; consumer durables, textiles, foodstuffs, handicrafts", "display": "complete range of mining and extractive industries producing coal, oil, gas, chemicals, and metals; all forms of machine building from rolling mills to high-performance aircraft a…", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "wheat, sugar beets, milk, barley, potatoes, sunflower seeds, maize, soybeans, chicken, pork (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "wheat, sugar beets, milk, barley, potatoes, sunflower seeds, maize, soybeans, chicken, pork (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "crude petroleum, refined petroleum, natural gas, coal, fertilizers (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "crude petroleum, refined petroleum, natural gas, coal, fertilizers (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "cars, packaged medicine, broadcasting equipment, garments, plastic products (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "cars, packaged medicine, broadcasting equipment, garments, plastic products (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 92% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 92% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.92, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 35.9 million (2022 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 25 (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 35.9 million (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 35900000.0, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 99.1% | electrification - rural areas: 100%", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 61.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | nuclear: 19.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 0.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 17.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 0.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 61.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "224.858 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "224.858 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "905 (2025)", "display": "905 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 67 (2024) | large: 4 | medium: 5 | small: 19 | very small: 38 | size unknown: 1 | ports with oil terminals: 32 | key ports: Arkhangels'k, De Kastri, Dudinka, Kaliningrad, Murmansk, Novorossiysk, Sankt-Peterburg, Vladivostok, Vyborg", "display": "total ports: 67 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 85,494 km (2019) | narrow gauge: 957 km", "display": "total: 85,494 km (2019)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2019 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 2,910 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 15, container ship 20, general cargo 976, oil tanker 387, other 1,512", "display": "total: 2,910 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "air pollution from heavy industry, coal-fired electric plants, and transportation in major cities; industrial, municipal, and agricultural pollution of inland waterways and seacoasts; deforestation; soil erosion; soil contamination from agricultural chemicals; nuclear waste disposal; scattered areas of radioactive contamination; groundwater contamination from toxic waste; urban solid-waste management; abandoned stocks of pesticides", "display": "air pollution from heavy industry, coal-fired electric plants, and transportation in major cities; industrial, municipal, and agricultural pollution of inland waterways and seacoa…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "1.844 billion metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 479.311 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 453.103 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 912.076 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "1.844 billion metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "4.53 trillion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "4.53 trillion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 17.15 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 29.03 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 18.64 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 17.15 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Sulfur 94", "display": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/russia.json" }, { "entity_id": "rwanda", "name": "Rwanda", "source_code": "RW", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Africa", "roadmap_country": "Rwanda", "coverage_region": "Africa", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 150, "published_fact_count": 49, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 13623302.0, "area_sq_km": 26338.0, "capital": "Kigali", "government_type": "presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 66.6, "urban_population_percent": 17.9, "internet_users_percent": 34.0, "electricity_access_percent": 50.6, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 3300.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": true }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Rwanda -- a small and centralized country dominated by rugged hills and fertile volcanic soil -- has exerted disproportionate influence over the African Great Lakes region for centuries. A Rwandan kingdom increasingly dominated the region from the mid-18th century onward, with the Tutsi monarchs gradually extending the power of the royal court into peripheral areas and expanding their borders through military conquest. While the current ethnic labels Hutu and Tutsi predate colonial rule, their flexibility and importance have varied significantly over time and often manifested more as a hierarchical class distinction than an ethnic or cultural distinction. The majority Hutu and minority Tutsi have long shared a common language and culture, and intermarriage was frequent. | The Rwandan royal court centered on the Tutsi king ( mwami ), who relied on an extensive network of political, cultural, and economic relationships. Social categories became more rigid during the reign of RWABUGIRI (1860-1895), who focused on aggressive expansion and solidifying Rwanda’s bureaucratic structures. German colonial conquest began in the late 1890s, but the territory was ceded to Belgian forces in 1916 during World War I. Both European nations quickly realized the benefits of ruling through the already centralized Rwandan Tutsi kingdom. Colonial rule reinforced existing trends toward autocratic and exclusionary rule, leading to the elimination of traditional positions of authority for Hutus. Belgian administrators significantly increased requirements for communal labor and instituted harsh taxes, which fed the population's frustration. Changing political attitudes in Belgium contributed to colonial and Catholic officials shifting their support from Tutsi to Hutu leaders in the years leading up to independence. | Simmering resentment of minority rule exploded in 1959, three years before independence from Belgium, when Hutus overthrew the Tutsi king. Thousands of Tutsis were killed over the next several years, and some 150,000 were driven into exile in neighboring countries. Army Chief of Staff Juvenal HABYARIMANA seized power in a coup in 1973 and ruled Rwanda as a single-party state for two decades. HABYARIMANA increasingly discriminated against Tutsis, and extremist Hutu factions gained prominence after multiple parties were introduced in the early 1990s. The children of Tutsi exiles later formed a rebel group, the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) and began a civil war in 1990. The civil war exacerbated ethnic tensions and culminated in the shooting down of HABYARIMANA’s private jet in 1994. The event sparked a state-orchestrated genocide in which Rwandans killed more than 800,000 of their fellow citizens, including approximately three-quarters of the Tutsi population. The genocide ended later the same year when the predominantly Tutsi RPF, operating out of Uganda and northern Rwanda, defeated the national army and Hutu militias and established an RPF-led government of national unity. Rwanda held its first local elections in 1999 and its first post-genocide presidential and legislative elections in 2003, formalizing President Paul KAGAME’s de facto role as head of government. KAGAME was formally elected in 2010, and again in 2017 after changing the constitution to allow him to run for a third term.", "display": "Rwanda -- a small and centralized country dominated by rugged hills and fertile volcanic soil -- has exerted disproportionate influence over the African Great Lakes region for cen…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1916 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Central Africa, east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, north of Burundi", "display": "Central Africa, east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, north of Burundi", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Africa", "display": "Africa", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 26,338 sq km | land: 24,668 sq km | water: 1,670 sq km", "display": "total : 26,338 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 26338.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "0 km (landlocked)", "display": "0 km (landlocked)", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly grassy uplands and hills; relief is mountainous with altitude declining from west to east", "display": "mostly grassy uplands and hills; relief is mountainous with altitude declining from west to east", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "temperate; two rainy seasons (February to April, November to January); mild in mountains with frost and snow possible", "display": "temperate; two rainy seasons (February to April, November to January); mild in mountains with frost and snow possible", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Volcan Karisimbi 4,519 m | lowest point: Rusizi River 950 m | mean elevation: 1,598 m", "display": "highest point: Volcan Karisimbi 4,519 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "periodic droughts; the volcanic Virunga Mountains are in the northwest along the border with Democratic Republic of the Congo | volcanism: Visoke (3,711 m), on the border with the Democratic Republic of the Congo, is the country's only historically active volcano", "display": "periodic droughts; the volcanic Virunga Mountains are in the northwest along the border with Democratic Republic of the Congo", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "gold, cassiterite (tin ore), wolframite (tungsten ore), methane, hydropower, arable land", "display": "gold, cassiterite (tin ore), wolframite (tungsten ore), methane, hydropower, arable land", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "one of Africa's most densely populated countries; large concentrations tend to be in the central regions and along the shore of Lake Kivu in the west, as shown in this population distribution map", "display": "one of Africa's most densely populated countries; large concentrations tend to be in the central regions and along the shore of Lake Kivu in the west, as shown in this population…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 13,623,302 (2024 est.) | male: 6,684,655 | female: 6,938,647", "display": "total: 13,623,302 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 13623302.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "2% (2025 est.)", "display": "2% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.02, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 17.9% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 3.07% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 17.9% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Kinyarwanda (official, universal Bantu vernacular) 93.2%, French (official) <0.1%, English (official) <0.1%, Swahili/Kiswahili (official, used in commercial centers) <0.1%, more than one language, other 6.3%, unspecified 0.3% (2002 est.) | major-language sample(s): | Inkoranya nzimbuzi y'isi, isoko fatizo y'amakuru y'ibanze. (Kinyarwanda) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Kinyarwanda (official, universal Bantu vernacular) 93.2%, French (official) <0.1%, English (official) <0.1%, Swahili/Kiswahili (official, used in commercial centers) <0.1%, more t…", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2002 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Catholic 39.9%, Pentecostal 21.3%, Protestant 14.6%, Adventist 12.2%, other Christians 4.2%, no religion 3.0%, Muslim 2.0%, other religions 2.0%; less than 1%: Jehovah Witness, not specified, Animist (2022 est.)", "display": "Catholic 39.9%, Pentecostal 21.3%, Protestant 14.6%, Adventist 12.2%, other Christians 4.2%, no religion 3.0%, Muslim 2.0%, other religions 2.0%; less than 1%: Jehovah Witness, no…", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 66.6 years (2024 est.) | male: 64.6 years | female: 68.6 years", "display": "total population: 66.6 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 66.6, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 21.3 years (2025 est.) | male: 20.1 years | female: 21.5 years", "display": "total: 21.3 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.248 million KIGALI (capital) (2023)", "display": "1.248 million KIGALI (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 78.8% (2022 est.) | male: 81% (2022 est.) | female: 76.7% (2022 est.)", "display": "total population: 78.8% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 13 years (2023 est.) | male: 13 years (2023 est.) | female: 13 years (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 13 years (2023 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Rwanda | conventional short form: Rwanda | local long form: Republika y'u Rwanda | local short form: Rwanda | former: Kingdom of Rwanda, Ruanda, German East Africa | etymology: the country is named for a local people, but the meaning of their own name is obscure", "display": "conventional long form: Republic of Rwanda", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Kigali | geographic coordinates: 1 57 S, 30 03 E | time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: the city takes its name from nearby Mount Kigali; the name is composed of the Bantu prefix ki- and the Rwandan word gali , meaning \"broad,\" which is probably meant to describe the terrain", "display": "name: Kigali", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "presidential republic", "display": "presidential republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "mixed system of civil law, based on German and Belgian models, and customary law; Supreme Court reviews legislative acts", "display": "mixed system of civil law, based on German and Belgian models, and customary law; Supreme Court reviews legislative acts", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: several previous; latest adopted by referendum 26 May 2003, effective 4 June 2003 | amendment process: proposed by the president of the republic (with Council of Ministers approval) or by two-thirds majority vote of both houses of Parliament; passage requires at least three-quarters majority vote in both houses; changes to constitutional articles on national sovereignty, the presidential term, the form and system of government, and political pluralism also require approval in a referendum", "display": "history: several previous; latest adopted by referendum 26 May 2003, effective 4 June 2003", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2003 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "4 provinces ( provinces , singular - province (French); intara for singular and plural (Kinyarwanda)) and 1 city* ( ville (French); umujyi (Kinyarwanda)); Est (Eastern), Kigali*, Nord (Northern), Ouest (Western), Sud (Southern)", "display": "4 provinces ( provinces , singular - province (French); intara for singular and plural (Kinyarwanda)) and 1 city* ( ville (French); umujyi (Kinyarwanda)); Est (Eastern), Kigali*,…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACP, AfDB, AU, CEPGL, COMESA, EAC, EADB, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMISS, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ACP, AfDB, AU, CEPGL, COMESA, EAC, EADB, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, N…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "low-income Sub-Saharan economy; services, industry, and agriculture sectors driving growth; increased government spending on human capital, energy, and healthcare; major infrastructure projects including the Bugesera Airport intended to support long-term growth; challenges include lack of economic diversification, high inflation, and wide current account deficit", "display": "low-income Sub-Saharan economy; services, industry, and agriculture sectors driving growth; increased government spending on human capital, energy, and healthcare; major infrastru…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$46.543 billion (2024 est.) | $42.743 billion (2023 est.) | $39.485 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$46.543 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 46.543, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$3,300 (2024 est.) | $3,100 (2023 est.) | $2,900 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$3,300 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 3300.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "8.9% (2024 est.) | 8.2% (2023 est.) | 8.2% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "8.9% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "1.8% (2024 est.) | 19.8% (2023 est.) | 17.7% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "1.8% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.018000000000000002, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "12% (2024 est.) | 12.4% (2023 est.) | 15.1% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "12% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.12, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "cement, agricultural products, small-scale beverages, soap, furniture, shoes, plastic goods, textiles, cigarettes", "display": "cement, agricultural products, small-scale beverages, soap, furniture, shoes, plastic goods, textiles, cigarettes", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "bananas, cassava, sweet potatoes, plantains, potatoes, maize, beans, pumpkins/squash, taro, sorghum (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "bananas, cassava, sweet potatoes, plantains, potatoes, maize, beans, pumpkins/squash, taro, sorghum (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "gold, rare earth ores, coffee, tea, tin ores (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "gold, rare earth ores, coffee, tea, tin ores (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "broadcasting equipment, fish, corn, packaged medicine, plastic products (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "broadcasting equipment, fish, corn, packaged medicine, plastic products (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 34% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 34% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.34, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 62,000 (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2023 est.) less than 1", "display": "total: 62,000 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 62000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 50.6% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 98% | electrification - rural areas: 38.2%", "display": "electrification - total population: 50.6% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 43.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 3.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 52.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 43.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "1.808 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "1.808 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "8 (2025)", "display": "8 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "deforestation; overgrazing; land degradation; soil erosion; a decline in soil fertility (soil exhaustion); wetland degradation and loss of biodiversity; widespread poaching", "display": "deforestation; overgrazing; land degradation; soil erosion; a decline in soil fertility (soil exhaustion); wetland degradation and loss of biodiversity; widespread poaching", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "1.645 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 226,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 1.295 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 124,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "1.645 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "13.3 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "13.3 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 230 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 10 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 361 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 230 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozo…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/rwanda.json" }, { "entity_id": "saint-barthelemy", "name": "Saint Barthelemy", "source_code": "BL", "source_entity_class": "dependency-or-territory", "source_region": "Central America and the Caribbean", "roadmap_country": null, "coverage_region": null, "roadmap_status": "additional", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 66, "published_fact_count": 27, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 7079.0, "area_sq_km": 25.0, "capital": "Gustavia", "government_type": "parliamentary democracy (Territorial Council); overseas collectivity of France", "life_expectancy_years": 81.0, "urban_population_percent": null, "internet_users_percent": 71.3, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": null, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": null, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "In 1493, Christopher COLUMBUS named Saint Barthelemy for his brother Bartolomeo, but the island was first settled by the French in 1648. In 1784, France sold the island to Sweden, which renamed the largest town Gustavia after the Swedish King GUSTAV III and made it a free port; the island prospered as a trade and supply center during the colonial wars of the 18th century. France repurchased the island in 1877 and took control the following year, placing it under the administration of Guadeloupe. Saint Barthelemy retained its free port status along with various Swedish appellations such as Swedish street and town names, and the three-crown symbol on the coat of arms. In 2003, the islanders voted to secede from Guadeloupe, and in 2007, the island became a French overseas collectivity. In 2012, it became an overseas territory of the EU, allowing it to exert local control over the permanent and temporary immigration of foreign workers, including non-French European citizens. Hurricane Irma hit the island in 2017 and caused extensive damage.", "display": "In 1493, Christopher COLUMBUS named Saint Barthelemy for his brother Bartolomeo, but the island was first settled by the French in 1648. In 1784, France sold the island to Sweden,…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2003 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean; located in the Leeward Islands (northern) group; Saint Barthelemy lies east of the US Virgin Islands", "display": "Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean; located in the Leeward Islands (northern) group; Saint Barthelemy lies east of the US Virgin Islands", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Central America and the Caribbean", "display": "Central America and the Caribbean", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 25 sq km | land: 25 sq km | water: negligible", "display": "total : 25 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 25.0, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "hilly, almost completely surrounded by shallow-water reefs, with plentiful beaches", "display": "hilly, almost completely surrounded by shallow-water reefs, with plentiful beaches", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical, with practically no variation in temperature; has two seasons (dry and humid)", "display": "tropical, with practically no variation in temperature; has two seasons (dry and humid)", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Morne du Vitet 286 m | lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m", "display": "highest point: Morne du Vitet 286 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "few natural resources; beaches foster tourism", "display": "few natural resources; beaches foster tourism", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "most of the populace is concentrated in and around the capital of Gustavia, but scattered settlements exist around the island's periphery", "display": "most of the populace is concentrated in and around the capital of Gustavia, but scattered settlements exist around the island's periphery", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 7,079 (2025 est.) | male: 3,730 | female: 3,349", "display": "total: 7,079 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 7079.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "-0.08% (2025 est.)", "display": "-0.08% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": -0.0008, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "French (primary), English | major-language sample(s): | The World Factbook, une source indispensable d'informations de base. (French) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "French (primary), English", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 81 years (2024 est.) | male: 78 years | female: 84.2 years", "display": "total population: 81 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 81.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 47.7 years (2025 est.) | male: 47 years | female: 47.8 years", "display": "total: 47.7 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Overseas Collectivity of Saint Barthelemy | conventional short form: Saint Barthelemy | local long form: Collectivité d'outre mer de Saint-Barthélemy | local short form: Saint-Barthélemy | abbreviation: Saint-Barth (French)/ St. Barts or St. Barths (English) | etymology: explorer Christopher COLUMBUS named the island in honor of his brother Bartolomeo in 1493", "display": "conventional long form: Overseas Collectivity of Saint Barthelemy", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Gustavia | geographic coordinates: 17 53 N, 62 51 W | time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: named in honor of King GUSTAV III of Sweden, who was ruler when Sweden bought the island from France in 1784; the name was retained when the island was sold back to France in 1878", "display": "name: Gustavia", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary democracy (Territorial Council); overseas collectivity of France", "display": "parliamentary democracy (Territorial Council); overseas collectivity of France", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "French civil law", "display": "French civil law", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: 4 October 1958 (French Constitution) | amendment process: amendment procedures of France's constitution apply", "display": "history: 4 October 1958 (French Constitution)", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1958 }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACS (associate), UPU", "display": "ACS (associate), UPU", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "high-income French Caribbean territorial economy; duty-free luxury commerce and tourism industries; import-dependent for food, water, energy, and manufacturing; large Brazilian and Portuguese labor supply; environmentally fragile", "display": "high-income French Caribbean territorial economy; duty-free luxury commerce and tourism industries; import-dependent for food, water, energy, and manufacturing; large Brazilian an…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined copper, jewelry (2023) | note: top export commodities based on value in dollars over $500,000", "display": "refined copper, jewelry (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "precious metal watches, base metal watches, jewelry, cars, garments (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "precious metal watches, base metal watches, jewelry, cars, garments (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 71.3% (2022 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 71.3% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.713, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2021)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2021)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "1 (2025)", "display": "1 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "land-based pollution; urbanization; limited freshwater resources; overfishing", "display": "land-based pollution; urbanization; limited freshwater resources; overfishing", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/saint-barthelemy.json" }, { "entity_id": "saint-helena-ascension-and-tristan-da-cunha", "name": "Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha", "source_code": "SH", "source_entity_class": "dependency-or-territory", "source_region": "Africa", "roadmap_country": null, "coverage_region": null, "roadmap_status": "additional", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 92, "published_fact_count": 39, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 7943.0, "area_sq_km": 394.0, "capital": "Jamestown", "government_type": "parliamentary democracy", "life_expectancy_years": 80.9, "urban_population_percent": 40.7, "internet_users_percent": 37.6, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": null, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": null, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Saint Helena is a British Overseas Territory off the coast of Africa in the South Atlantic Ocean, and it consists of Saint Helena, Ascension Island, and the island group of Tristan da Cunha. | Saint Helena: The island was uninhabited when the Portuguese first discovered it in 1502, and the British garrisoned troops on Saint Helena during the 17th century. It acquired fame as the place of Napoleon BONAPARTE's exile from 1815 until his death in 1821, but its importance as a port of call declined after the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869. During the Anglo-Boer War in South Africa, several thousand Boer prisoners were confined on the island between 1900 and 1903. | Saint Helena is one of the most remote populated places in the world. The British Government committed to building an airport on Saint Helena in 2005. After more than a decade of delays and construction, a commercial air service to South Africa via Namibia was inaugurated in 2017. The weekly service to Saint Helena from Johannesburg via Windhoek in Namibia takes just over six hours (including the refueling stop in Windhoek) and replaces the mail ship that had made a five-day journey to the island every three weeks. | Ascension Island: This barren and uninhabited island was discovered and named by the Portuguese in 1503. The British garrisoned the island in 1815 to prevent a rescue of NAPOLEON from Saint Helena. It served as a provisioning station for the Royal Navy's West Africa Squadron on anti-slavery patrol. The island remained under Admiralty control until 1922, when it became a dependency of Saint Helena. During World War II, the UK permitted the US to construct an airfield on Ascension in support of transatlantic flights to Africa and anti-submarine operations in the South Atlantic. In the 1960s, the island became an important space tracking station for the US. In 1982, Ascension was an essential staging area for British forces during the Falklands War. It remains a critical refueling point in the air-bridge from the UK to the South Atlantic. | The island hosts one of four dedicated ground antennas that assist in the operation of the Global Positioning System (GPS) navigation system -- the others are on Diego Garcia (British Indian Ocean Territory), Kwajalein (Marshall Islands), and at Cape Canaveral, Florida (US). NASA and the US Air Force also operate a Meter-Class Autonomous Telescope (MCAT) on Ascension as part of the deep space surveillance system for tracking orbital debris, which can be a hazard to spacecraft and astronauts. | Tristan da Cunha: The island group consists of Tristan da Cunha, Nightingale, Inaccessible, and Gough Islands. Tristan da Cunha, named after its Portuguese discoverer (1506), was garrisoned by the British in 1816 to prevent any attempt to rescue NAPOLEON from Saint Helena. Gough and Inaccessible Islands have been designated World Heritage Sites. South Africa leases a site for a meteorological station on Gough Island.", "display": "Saint Helena is a British Overseas Territory off the coast of Africa in the South Atlantic Ocean, and it consists of Saint Helena, Ascension Island, and the island group of Trista…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1900 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, about midway between South America and Africa; Ascension Island lies 1,300 km (800 mi) northwest of Saint Helena; Tristan da Cunha lies 4,300 km (2,700 mi) southwest of Saint Helena", "display": "islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, about midway between South America and Africa; Ascension Island lies 1,300 km (800 mi) northwest of Saint Helena; Tristan da Cunha lies 4,300…", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Africa", "display": "Africa", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 394 sq km | land: 122 sq km Saint Helena Island | water: 0 sq km | 88 sq km Ascension Island, 184 sq km Tristan da Cunha island group (includes Tristan (98 sq km), Inaccessible, Nightingale, and Gough islands)", "display": "total : 394 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 394.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Saint Helena: 60 km | Ascension Island: NA | Tristan da Cunha (island only): 34 km", "display": "Saint Helena: 60 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "the islands of this group are of volcanic origin associated with the Atlantic Mid-Ocean Ridge | Saint Helena: rugged, volcanic; small scattered plateaus and plains | Ascension: surface covered by lava flows and cinder cones of 44 dormant volcanoes; terrain rises to the east | Tristan da Cunha: sheer cliffs line the coastline of the nearly circular island; the flanks of the central volcanic peak are deeply dissected; narrow coastal plain lies between The Peak and the coastal cliffs", "display": "the islands of this group are of volcanic origin associated with the Atlantic Mid-Ocean Ridge", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Saint Helena: tropical marine; mild, tempered by trade winds | Ascension Island: tropical marine; mild, semi-arid | Tristan da Cunha: temperate marine; mild, tempered by trade winds (tends to be cooler than Saint Helena)", "display": "Saint Helena: tropical marine; mild, tempered by trade winds", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Queen Mary's Peak on Tristan da Cunha 2,060 m; Green Mountain on Ascension Island 859 m; Diana's Peak on Saint Helena Island 818 m | lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m", "display": "highest point: Queen Mary's Peak on Tristan da Cunha 2,060 m; Green Mountain on Ascension Island 859 m; Diana's Peak on Saint Helena Island 818 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "active volcanism | volcanism: the volcanoes of Tristan da Cunha (2,060 m) and Nightingale Island (365 m) are active", "display": "active volcanism", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "fish, lobster", "display": "fish, lobster", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Saint Helena: population is concentrated in and around the capital of Jamestown in the northwest, with another significant cluster in the interior Longwood area | Ascension: most of the population lives in and around Georgetown | Tristan da Cunha: most of the nearly 300 inhabitants live in the northern coastal town of Edinburgh of the Seven Seas", "display": "Saint Helena: population is concentrated in and around the capital of Jamestown in the northwest, with another significant cluster in the interior Longwood area", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 7,943 (2024 est.) | male: 3,978 | female: 3,965", "display": "total: 7,943 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 7943.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.08% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.08% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0008, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 40.7% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.98% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 40.7% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "English", "display": "English", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Anglican 63.2%, unspecified 11.4%, no religion 9%, Jehovah's Witness 3.8%, Baptist 2.3%, Salvation Army 2%, Roman Catholic 2.2%, Seventh Day Adventist 1.9%, New Apostolic 1.6%, other Christian 1.4%, other 1.1% (2021 est.) | note: data represent Saint Helena only", "display": "Anglican 63.2%, unspecified 11.4%, no religion 9%, Jehovah's Witness 3.8%, Baptist 2.3%, Salvation Army 2%, Roman Catholic 2.2%, Seventh Day Adventist 1.9%, New Apostolic 1.6%, ot…", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 80.9 years (2024 est.) | male: 78.1 years | female: 83.9 years", "display": "total population: 80.9 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 80.9, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 45.5 years (2025 est.) | male: 44.8 years | female: 45.4 years", "display": "total: 45.5 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1,000 JAMESTOWN (capital) (2018)", "display": "1,000 JAMESTOWN (capital) (2018)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha | conventional short form: none | etymology: on the feast day of Saint Helena in 1502, Spanish navigator Joao da NOVA (sailing for Portugal) sighted and named the island that now bears the saint's name; da NOVA originally named Ascension \"Conception Island\" in honor of the Virgin Mary, but Portuguese navigator Afonso de ALBUQUERQUE later found the island on the feast day of the Ascension in 1508 and renamed it; Portuguese explorer Tristao da CUNHA sighted the third island in 1506 and named it after himself (the name was later anglicized)", "display": "conventional long form: Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Jamestown | geographic coordinates: 15 56 S, 5 43 W | time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: founded in 1659 and named after James, Duke of York, who would become King JAMES II of England", "display": "name: Jamestown", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary democracy", "display": "parliamentary democracy", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "English common law and local statutes", "display": "English common law and local statutes", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: several previous; 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native (but pegged to British pound) currency user on 2 of 3 islands; significant UK financial support; unique land/farming commune structure; military-related economic activity; sport fishing locale", "display": "upper middle-income, British Atlantic Ocean territorial economy; native (but pegged to British pound) currency user on 2 of 3 islands; significant UK financial support; unique lan…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "construction, crafts (furniture, lacework, fancy woodwork), fishing, collectible postage stamps", "display": "construction, crafts (furniture, lacework, fancy woodwork), fishing, collectible postage stamps", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "coffee, corn, potatoes, vegetables; 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a Commonwealth realm", "life_expectancy_years": 77.6, "urban_population_percent": 31.1, "internet_users_percent": 76.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 31300.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Carib Indians occupied the islands of the West Indies for hundreds of years before the British and French began settlement in 1623. During the 17th century, Saint Kitts became the premier base for British and French expansion into the Caribbean. The French ceded the territory to the UK in 1713. At the turn of the 18th century, Saint Kitts was the richest British Crown Colony per capita in the Caribbean, a result of the sugar trade. Although small in size and separated by only 3 km (2 mi) of water, Saint Kitts and Nevis were viewed and governed as different states until the late-19th century, when the British forcibly unified them along with the island of Anguilla. In 1967, the island territory of Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla became an associated state of the UK with full internal autonomy. The island of Anguilla rebelled and was allowed to secede in 1971. The remaining islands achieved independence in 1983 as Saint Kitts and Nevis. In 1998, a referendum on Nevis to separate from Saint Kitts fell short of the necessary two-thirds majority.", "display": "Carib Indians occupied the islands of the West Indies for hundreds of years before the British and French began settlement in 1623. During the 17th century, Saint Kitts became the…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1967 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Caribbean, islands in the Caribbean Sea, about one-third of the way from Puerto Rico to Trinidad and Tobago", "display": "Caribbean, islands in the Caribbean Sea, about one-third of the way from Puerto Rico to Trinidad and Tobago", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Central America and the Caribbean", "display": "Central America and the Caribbean", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 261 sq km (Saint Kitts 168 sq km; Nevis 93 sq km) | land: 261 sq km | water: 0 sq km", "display": "total : 261 sq km (Saint Kitts 168 sq km; Nevis 93 sq km)", "source_field": "Area", "value": 261.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "135 km", "display": "135 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "volcanic with mountainous interiors", "display": "volcanic with mountainous interiors", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical, tempered by constant sea breezes; little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season (May to November)", "display": "tropical, tempered by constant sea breezes; little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season (May to November)", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Mount Liamuiga 1,156 m | lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m", "display": "highest point: Mount Liamuiga 1,156 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "hurricanes (July to October) | volcanism: Mount Liamuiga (1,156 m) on Saint Kitts and Nevis Peak (985 m) on Nevis are part of the volcanic-island arc of the Lesser Antilles, which extends from Saba in the north to Grenada in the south", "display": "hurricanes (July to October)", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "arable land", "display": "arable land", 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(2015 est.)", "display": "total: 19 years (2015 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2015 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis | conventional short form: Saint Kitts and Nevis | former: Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis | etymology: explorer Christopher COLUMBUS visited the islands in 1493 and named one for his own patron saint; a common nickname for Christopher during the following centuries was Kit or Kitt, and Saint Kitts is still referred to as Saint Christopher; the name of Nevis is said to derive from the original Spanish name \"Las Nieves\" (The Snows) and refers to its cloud-topped mountain | note: Nevis is pronounced NEE-vis", "display": "conventional long form: Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis", "source_field": "Country name", "value": 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"institutions", "content": "ACP, ACS, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, MIGA, OAS, OECS, OPANAL, OPCW, Petrocaribe, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WTO", "display": "ACP, ACS, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, MIGA, OAS, OECS, OPANAL, OPCW, Petrocaribe, U…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "high-income, tourism-based Caribbean OECS economy; better debt balancing; CARICOM and ECCU member; growing offshore financial and telecommunications hub; environmentally fragile; unique citizenship-driven growth model", "display": "high-income, tourism-based Caribbean OECS economy; better debt balancing; CARICOM 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"total: 50 km (2008) | narrow gauge: 50 km (2008) 0.762-m gauge on Saint Kitts for tourists", "display": "total: 50 km (2008)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2008 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 341 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 22, container ship 16, general cargo 85, oil tanker 59, other 159", "display": "total: 341 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "deforestation; soil erosion and silting affects marine life on coral reefs; water pollution from uncontrolled dumping of sewage", "display": "deforestation; soil erosion and silting affects marine life on coral reefs; water pollution from uncontrolled dumping of sewage", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "269,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 269,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "269,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "24 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "24 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 15.4 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 0 cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 200,000 cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 15.4 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardo…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/saint-kitts-and-nevis.json" }, { "entity_id": "saint-lucia", "name": "Saint Lucia", "source_code": "LC", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Central America and the Caribbean", "roadmap_country": "Saint Lucia", "coverage_region": "Americas", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 133, "published_fact_count": 49, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 168462.0, "area_sq_km": 616.0, "capital": "Castries", "government_type": "parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm", "life_expectancy_years": 79.4, "urban_population_percent": 19.2, "internet_users_percent": 74.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 24300.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "England and France contested Saint Lucia -- with its fine natural harbor at Castries and burgeoning sugar industry -- throughout the 17th and early 18th centuries, with possession changing 14 times; it was finally ceded to the UK in 1814 and became part of the British Windward Islands colony. Even after the abolition of slavery on its plantations in 1834, Saint Lucia remained an agricultural island, dedicated to producing tropical commodity crops. In the mid-20th century, Saint Lucia joined the West Indies Federation (1958–1962) and in 1967 became one of the six members of the West Indies Associated States, with internal self-government. In 1979, Saint Lucia gained full independence.", "display": "England and France contested Saint Lucia -- with its fine natural harbor at Castries and burgeoning sugar industry -- throughout the 17th and early 18th centuries, with possession…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1958 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean, north of Trinidad and Tobago", "display": "Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean, north of Trinidad and Tobago", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Central America and the Caribbean", "display": "Central America and the Caribbean", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 616 sq km | land: 606 sq km | water: 10 sq km", "display": "total : 616 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 616.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "158 km", "display": "158 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "volcanic and mountainous with broad, fertile valleys", "display": "volcanic and mountainous with broad, fertile valleys", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical, moderated by northeast trade winds; dry season January to April, rainy season May to August", "display": "tropical, moderated by northeast trade winds; dry season January to April, rainy season May to August", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Mount Gimie 948 m | lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m", "display": "highest point: Mount Gimie 948 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "hurricanes | volcanism: Mount Gimie (948 m), also known as Qualibou, is a caldera on the west of the island; the iconic twin pyramidal peaks of Gros Piton (771 m) and Petit Piton (743 m) are lava-dome remnants associated with the Soufrière volcano; there have been no historical magmatic eruptions, but a minor steam eruption in 1766 spread a thin layer of ash over a wide area; Saint Lucia is part of the volcanic-island arc of the Lesser Antilles that extends from Saba in the north to Grenada in the south", "display": "hurricanes", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "forests, sandy beaches, minerals (pumice), mineral springs, geothermal potential", "display": "forests, sandy beaches, minerals (pumice), mineral springs, geothermal potential", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "most of the population is found on the periphery of the island, with a larger concentration in the north around the capital of Castries", "display": "most of the population is found on the periphery of the island, with a larger concentration in the north around the capital of Castries", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 168,462 (2025 est.) | male: 81,678 | female: 86,784", "display": "total: 168,462 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 168462.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.25% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.25% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0025, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 19.2% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.98% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 19.2% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "English (official), Saint Lucian Creole", "display": "English (official), Saint Lucian Creole", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Roman Catholic 61.5%, Protestant 25.5% (includes Seventh Day Adventist 10.4%, Pentecostal 8.9%, Baptist 2.2%, Anglican 1.6%, Church of God 1.5%, other Protestant 0.9%), other Christian 3.4% (includes Evangelical 2.3% and Jehovah's Witness 1.1%), Rastafarian 1.9%, other 0.4%, none 5.9%, unspecified 1.4% (2010 est.)", "display": "Roman Catholic 61.5%, Protestant 25.5% (includes Seventh Day Adventist 10.4%, Pentecostal 8.9%, Baptist 2.2%, Anglican 1.6%, Church of God 1.5%, other Protestant 0.9%), other Chri…", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2010 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 79.4 years (2024 est.) | male: 76.7 years | female: 82.3 years", "display": "total population: 79.4 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 79.4, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 40.4 years (2025 est.) | male: 38.4 years | female: 40.9 years", "display": "total: 40.4 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "22,000 CASTRIES (capital) (2018)", "display": "22,000 CASTRIES (capital) (2018)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 13 years (2023 est.) | male: 12 years (2023 est.) | female: 13 years (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 13 years (2023 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: none | conventional short form: Saint Lucia | etymology: believed to be named after Saint LUCY (Sainte ALOUSIE) of Syracuse by French sailors who were shipwrecked on the island on 13 December 1502, the saint's feast day | note: pronounced saynt-LOO-shuh", "display": "conventional long form: none", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Castries | geographic coordinates: 14 00 N, 61 00 W | time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: in 1785, the village of Carenage was renamed Castries, after Charles Eugene Gabriel de La Croix de CASTRIES, who was then the French Minister of the Navy and Colonies", "display": "name: Castries", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm", "display": "parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "English common law", "display": "English common law", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: previous 1958, 1960 (pre-independence); latest presented 20 December 1978, effective 22 February 1979 | amendment process: proposed by Parliament; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the House of Assembly membership in the final reading and assent of the governor general; passage of amendments to various constitutional sections, such as those on fundamental rights and freedoms, government finances, the judiciary, and procedures for amending the constitution, require at least three-quarters majority vote by the House and assent of the governor general; passage of amendments approved by the House but rejected by the Senate require a majority of votes cast in a referendum", "display": "history: previous 1958, 1960 (pre-independence); latest presented 20 December 1978, effective 22 February 1979", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1958 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "10 districts; Anse-la-Raye, Canaries, Castries, Choiseul, Dennery, Gros-Islet, Laborie, Micoud, Soufrière, Vieux-Fort", "display": "10 districts; Anse-la-Raye, Canaries, Castries, Choiseul, Dennery, Gros-Islet, Laborie, Micoud, Soufrière, Vieux-Fort", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACP, ACS, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CD, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OAS, OECS, OIF, OPANAL, OPCW, Petrocaribe, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ACP, ACS, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CD, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OAS, OECS, O…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "upper middle-income, tourism-based Caribbean island economy; environmentally fragile; energy import-dependent; major banana producer; well-educated labor force; key infrastructure, IT, and communications investments", "display": "upper middle-income, tourism-based Caribbean island economy; environmentally fragile; energy import-dependent; major banana producer; well-educated labor force; key infrastructure…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$4.359 billion (2024 est.) | $4.196 billion (2023 est.) | $4.105 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$4.359 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 4.359, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$24,300 (2024 est.) | $23,400 (2023 est.) | $23,000 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$24,300 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 24300.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3.9% (2024 est.) | 2.2% (2023 est.) | 20.4% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "3.9% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "-0.1% (2024 est.) | 4.1% (2023 est.) | 6.4% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "-0.1% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.001, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "11% (2024 est.) | 11.1% (2023 est.) | 16% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "11% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.11, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "tourism; clothing, assembly of electronic components, beverages, corrugated cardboard boxes, lime processing, coconut processing", "display": "tourism; clothing, assembly of electronic components, beverages, corrugated cardboard boxes, lime processing, coconut processing", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "coconuts, bananas, tropical fruits, fruits, root vegetables, plantains, vegetables, cassava, chicken, milk (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "coconuts, bananas, tropical fruits, fruits, root vegetables, plantains, vegetables, cassava, chicken, milk (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, gravel and crushed stone, beer, liquor, paper containers (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, gravel and crushed stone, beer, liquor, paper containers (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, crude petroleum, cars, poultry, plastic products (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, crude petroleum, cars, poultry, plastic products (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 74% (2022 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 74% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.74, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 24,000 (2022 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 14 (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 24,000 (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 24000.0, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 98% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 98% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "47.522 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "47.522 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "2 (2025)", "display": "2 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 3 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 2 | very small: 1 | ports with oil terminals: 2 | key ports: Castries, Grand Cul de Sac Bay, Vieux Fort", "display": "total ports: 3 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "deforestation; soil erosion, particularly in the northern region", "display": "deforestation; soil erosion, particularly in the northern region", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "605,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 605,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "605,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "300 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "300 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 12.5 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 0 cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 30.4 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 12.5 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environ…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/saint-lucia.json" }, { "entity_id": "saint-martin", "name": "Saint Martin", "source_code": "MF", "source_entity_class": "dependency-or-territory", "source_region": "Central America and the Caribbean", "roadmap_country": null, "coverage_region": null, "roadmap_status": "additional", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 76, "published_fact_count": 31, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 33093.0, "area_sq_km": 50.0, "capital": "Marigot", "government_type": "parliamentary democracy (Territorial Council); overseas collectivity of France", "life_expectancy_years": 81.0, "urban_population_percent": null, "internet_users_percent": 48.5, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": null, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": null, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Christopher COLUMBUS claimed Saint Martin for Spain in 1493, naming it after the feast day of St. Martin of Tours, but it was the Dutch who occupied the island in 1631 to exploit its salt deposits. The Spanish retook Saint Martin in 1633, but the Dutch continued to assert their claims. The Spanish finally relinquished the island to the French and Dutch, who divided it between themselves in 1648. The border frequently fluctuated over the next 200 years because of friction between the two countries, with the French eventually holding the greater portion of the island (about 61%). | The cultivation of sugarcane introduced African slavery to the island in the late 18th century; the practice was not abolished until 1848. The island became a free port in 1939, and the tourism industry was dramatically expanded during the 1970s and 1980s. In 2003, the populace of Saint Martin voted to secede from Guadeloupe, and in 2007, the northern portion of the island became a French overseas collectivity. In 2010, the southern Dutch portion of the island became the independent nation of Sint Maarten within the Kingdom of the Netherlands. In 2017, Hurricane Irma passed over the island of Saint Martin, causing extensive damage to roads, communications, electrical power, and housing; the UN estimated that 90% of the buildings were damaged or destroyed.", "display": "Christopher COLUMBUS claimed Saint Martin for Spain in 1493, naming it after the feast day of St. Martin of Tours, but it was the Dutch who occupied the island in 1631 to exploit…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1939 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Caribbean, located in the Leeward Islands (northern) group; French part of the island of Saint Martin in the Caribbean Sea; Saint Martin lies east of the US Virgin Islands", "display": "Caribbean, located in the Leeward Islands (northern) group; French part of the island of Saint Martin in the Caribbean Sea; Saint Martin lies east of the US Virgin Islands", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Central America and the Caribbean", "display": "Central America and the Caribbean", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 50 sq km | land: 50 sq km | water: negligible", "display": "total : 50 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 50.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "58.9 km (for entire island)", "display": "58.9 km (for entire island)", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "temperature averages 27-29 degrees Celsius all year long; low humidity, gentle trade winds, brief, intense rain showers; hurricane season stretches from July to November", "display": "temperature averages 27-29 degrees Celsius all year long; low humidity, gentle trade winds, brief, intense rain showers; hurricane season stretches from July to November", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Pic du Paradis 424 m | lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m", "display": "highest point: Pic du Paradis 424 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "subject to hurricanes from July to November", "display": "subject to hurricanes from July to November", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "salt", "display": "salt", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "most of the population is found along the coast, with the largest concentration around the capital of Marigot, as well as Orleans and Grand-Case", "display": "most of the population is found along the coast, with the largest concentration around the capital of Marigot, as well as Orleans and Grand-Case", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 33,093 (2025 est.) | male: 15,825 | female: 17,268", "display": "total: 33,093 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 33093.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.29% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.29% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0029, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "French (official), Dutch, English, Guadeloupian Creole, Haitian Creole, Italian, Martiniquan Creole, Papiamento (dialect of Netherlands Antilles), Spanish | major-language sample(s): | The World Factbook, une source indispensable d'informations de base. (French) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "French (official), Dutch, English, Guadeloupian Creole, Haitian Creole, Italian, Martiniquan Creole, Papiamento (dialect of Netherlands Antilles), Spanish", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Roman Catholic, Jehovah's Witness, Protestant, Hindu", "display": "Roman Catholic, Jehovah's Witness, Protestant, Hindu", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 81 years (2024 est.) | male: 78 years | female: 84.2 years", "display": "total population: 81 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 81.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 34.3 years (2025 est.) | male: 33.4 years | female: 34.9 years", "display": "total: 34.3 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Overseas Collectivity of Saint Martin | conventional short form: Saint Martin | local long form: Collectivité d'outre mer de Saint-Martin | local short form: Saint-Martin | etymology: explorer Christopher COLUMBUS named the island after Saint MARTIN of Tours during a visit on 11 November 1493, the saint's feast day", "display": "conventional long form: Overseas Collectivity of Saint Martin", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Marigot | geographic coordinates: 18 04 N, 63 05 W | time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: the name is taken from the French word marigot , meaning \"backwater\" or \"swampy area;\" it probably comes from the original fishing village's location next to a water-logged area on a lagoon", "display": "name: Marigot", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary democracy (Territorial Council); overseas collectivity of France", "display": "parliamentary democracy (Territorial Council); overseas collectivity of France", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "French civil law", "display": "French civil law", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: 4 October 1958 (French Constitution) | amendment process: amendment procedures of France's constitution apply", "display": "history: 4 October 1958 (French Constitution)", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1958 }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACS (associate), UPU", "display": "ACS (associate), UPU", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "high-income French Caribbean territorial economy; extremely reliant on tourism, with severe COVID-19 impacts; near-total destruction from Hurricane Irma in 2017; some offshore banking; import-dependent; duty-free commerce; yachting destination", "display": "high-income French Caribbean territorial economy; extremely reliant on tourism, with severe COVID-19 impacts; near-total destruction from Hurricane Irma in 2017; some offshore ban…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2017 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "4.9% (2021 est.) | -12.5% (2020 est.) | 6.5% (2019 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "4.9% (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "tourism, light industry and manufacturing, heavy industry", "display": "tourism, light industry and manufacturing, heavy industry", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "gold, special use vessels, furniture, scrap aluminum, rum (2019) | top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "gold, special use vessels, furniture, scrap aluminum, rum (2019)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2019 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "jewelry, diamonds, pearls, recreational boats, cars (2019)", "display": "jewelry, diamonds, pearls, recreational boats, cars (2019)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2019 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 48.5% (2022 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 48.5% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.485, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "1 (2025)", "display": "1 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "waste management; salinity intrusions; limited freshwater resources; over-exploitation of marine resources (reef fisheries, coral, and shell); water pollution and damage to coral reefs from boats", "display": "waste management; salinity intrusions; limited freshwater resources; over-exploitation of marine resources (reef fisheries, coral, and shell); water pollution and damage to coral…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/saint-martin.json" }, { "entity_id": "saint-pierre-and-miquelon", "name": "Saint Pierre and Miquelon", "source_code": "PM", "source_entity_class": "dependency-or-territory", "source_region": "North America", "roadmap_country": null, "coverage_region": null, "roadmap_status": "additional", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 86, "published_fact_count": 38, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 5070.0, "area_sq_km": 242.0, "capital": "Saint-Pierre", "government_type": "parliamentary democracy (Territorial Council); overseas collectivity of France", "life_expectancy_years": 81.8, "urban_population_percent": 90.1, "internet_users_percent": 88.7, "electricity_access_percent": null, "gdp_per_capita_usd": null, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": null, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "First settled by the French in the early 17th century, Saint Pierre and Miquelon are the sole remaining vestige of France's once vast North American possessions. They attained the status of an overseas collectivity in 2003.", "display": "First settled by the French in the early 17th century, Saint Pierre and Miquelon are the sole remaining vestige of France's once vast North American possessions. They attained the…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2003 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Northern North America, islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, south of Newfoundland (Canada)", "display": "Northern North America, islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, south of Newfoundland (Canada)", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "North America", "display": "North America", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 242 sq km | land: 242 sq km | water: 0 sq km | note: includes eight small islands in the Saint Pierre and the Miquelon groups", "display": "total : 242 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 242.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "120 km", "display": "120 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly barren rock", "display": "mostly barren rock", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "cold and wet, with considerable mist and fog; spring and autumn are often windy", "display": "cold and wet, with considerable mist and fog; spring and autumn are often windy", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Morne de la Grande Montagne 240 m | lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m", "display": "highest point: Morne de la Grande Montagne 240 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "persistent fog throughout the year can be a maritime hazard", "display": "persistent fog throughout the year can be a maritime hazard", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "fish, deepwater ports", "display": "fish, deepwater ports", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "most of the population is found on Saint Pierre Island; a small settlement is located on the north end of Miquelon Island", "display": "most of the population is found on Saint Pierre Island; a small settlement is located on the north end of Miquelon Island", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 5,070 (2025 est.) | male: 2,442 | female: 2,628", "display": "total: 5,070 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 5070.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "-1.24% (2025 est.)", "display": "-1.24% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": -0.0124, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 90.1% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.75% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 90.1% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "French (official) | major-language sample(s): | The World Factbook, une source indispensable d'informations de base. (French) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "French (official)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Roman Catholic 99%, other 1%", "display": "Roman Catholic 99%, other 1%", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 81.8 years (2024 est.) | male: 79.5 years | female: 84.3 years", "display": "total population: 81.8 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 81.8, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 51.8 years (2025 est.) | male: 50.5 years | female: 51.9 years", "display": "total: 51.8 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "6,000 SAINT-PIERRE (capital) (2018)", "display": "6,000 SAINT-PIERRE (capital) (2018)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Territorial Collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon | conventional short form: Saint Pierre and Miquelon | local long form: Département de Saint-Pierre et Miquelon | local short form: Saint-Pierre et Miquelon | etymology: Saint-Pierre and Miquelon is reputed to be named after two navigators, one called Peter and one called Michael (in a nickname form) or Mikelon, a Basque name", "display": "conventional long form: Territorial Collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Saint-Pierre | geographic coordinates: 46 46 N, 56 11 W | time difference: UTC-3 (2 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November | etymology: may be named after Saint Peter, the patron saint of fisherman; alternatively, the name may come from one of the two navigators for whom the island as a whole is named", "display": "name: Saint-Pierre", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary democracy (Territorial Council); overseas collectivity of France", "display": "parliamentary democracy (Territorial Council); overseas collectivity of France", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "French civil law", "display": "French civil law", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: 4 October 1958 (French Constitution) | amendment process: amendment procedures of France's constitution apply", "display": "history: 4 October 1958 (French Constitution)", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1958 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US government, but 2 communes are considered second-order: Saint Pierre, Miquelon", "display": "no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US government, but 2 communes are considered second-order: Saint Pierre, Miquelon", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "UPU, WFTU (NGOs)", "display": "UPU, WFTU (NGOs)", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "high-income, French North American territorial economy; primarily fishing exports; substantial French Government support; highly seasonal labor force; euro user; increasing tourism and aquaculture investments", "display": "high-income, French North American territorial economy; primarily fishing exports; substantial French Government support; highly seasonal labor force; euro user; increasing touris…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$261.3 million (2015 est.) | note: supplemented by annual payments from France of about $60 million", "display": "$261.3 million (2015 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 0.26130000000000003, "estimate_year": 2015 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "fish processing and supply base for fishing fleets; tourism", "display": "fish processing and supply base for fishing fleets; 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France and England disputed the island for most of the 18th century, but it was ceded to England in 1783. The British prized Saint Vincent because of its fertile soil, which allowed for thriving slave-run plantations of sugar, coffee, indigo, tobacco, cotton, and cocoa. In 1834, the British abolished slavery. Immigration of indentured servants eased the ensuing labor shortage, as did subsequent immigrant waves from Portugal and East India. Conditions remained harsh for both former slaves and immigrant agricultural workers, however, as depressed world sugar prices kept the economy stagnant until the early 1900s. The economy then went into a period of decline, with many landowners abandoning their estates and leaving the land to be cultivated by liberated slaves. | Between 1960 and 1962, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines was a separate administrative unit of the Federation of the West Indies. Autonomy was granted in 1969 and independence in 1979. In 2021, the eruption of the La Soufrière volcano in the north of Saint Vincent destroyed much of Saint Vincent’s most productive agricultural lands. Unlike most of its tourism-dependent neighbors, the Vincentian economy is primarily agricultural.", "display": "Resistance from native Caribs prevented colonization on Saint Vincent until 1719. 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water: 0 sq km", "display": "total : 389 sq km (Saint Vincent 344 sq km)", "source_field": "Area", "value": 389.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "84 km", "display": "84 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "volcanic, mountainous", "display": "volcanic, mountainous", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical; little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season (May to November)", "display": "tropical; little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season (May to November)", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": 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male: 37.7 years | female: 37.4 years", "display": "total: 38.1 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "27,000 KINGSTOWN (capital) (2018)", "display": "27,000 KINGSTOWN (capital) (2018)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 15 years (2015 est.) | male: 14 years (2015 est.) | female: 15 years (2015 est.)", "display": "total: 15 years (2015 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2015 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": 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squatter settlement control", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "268,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 19,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 249,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "268,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "100 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "100 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 8.5 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 2,000 cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 0 cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 8.5 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environ…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/saint-vincent-and-the-grenadines.json" }, { "entity_id": "samoa", "name": "Samoa", "source_code": "WS", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Oceania", "roadmap_country": "Samoa", "coverage_region": "Oceania", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 127, "published_fact_count": 48, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 210223.0, "area_sq_km": 2831.0, "capital": "Apia", "government_type": "parliamentary republic", "life_expectancy_years": 75.7, "urban_population_percent": 17.5, "internet_users_percent": 57.99999999999999, "electricity_access_percent": 98.3, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 6900.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "The first Austronesian settlers arrived in Samoa around 1000 B.C., and early Samoans traded and intermarried with Fijian and Tongan nobility. The fa’amatai system of titles and nobility developed, which dominates Samoan politics to this day; all but two seats in the legislature are reserved for matai, or heads of families. A Dutch explorer was the first European to spot the islands in 1722. Christian missionaries arrived in the 1830s and were followed by an influx of American and European settlers and influence. By the 1880s, Germany, the UK, and the US had trading posts and claimed parts of the kingdom. In 1886, an eight-year civil war broke out, with rival matai factions fighting over royal succession and the three foreign powers providing support to the factions. Germany, the UK, and the US all sent warships to Apia in 1889 and came close to conflict, but a cyclone damaged or destroyed the ships of all three navies. | At the end of the civil war in 1894, Malietoa LAUPEPA was installed as king, but upon his death in 1898, a second civil war over succession broke out. When the war ended in 1899, the Western powers abolished the monarchy, giving the western Samoan islands to Germany and the eastern Samoan islands to the US. The UK abandoned claims in Samoa and received former German territory in the Solomon Islands. | New Zealand occupied Samoa during World War I but was accused of negligence and opposed by many Samoans, particularly an organized political movement called the Mau (“Strongly Held View”) that advocated for independence. During the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic, about 20% of the population died. In 1929, New Zealand police shot into a crowd of peaceful Mau protestors, killing 11, in an event known as Black Sunday. In 1962, Samoa became the first Polynesian nation to reestablish its independence as Western Samoa but dropped the “Western” from its name in 1997. The Human Rights Protection Party dominated politics from 1982 until Prime Minister FIAME Naomi Mata'afa's Fa'atuatua i le Atua Samoa ua Tasi (FAST) party gained a majority in elections in 2021.", "display": "The first Austronesian settlers arrived in Samoa around 1000 B.C., and early Samoans traded and intermarried with Fijian and Tongan nobility. The fa’amatai system of titles and no…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1918 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about halfway between Hawaii and New Zealand", "display": "Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about halfway between Hawaii and New Zealand", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Oceania", "display": "Oceania", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 2,831 sq km | land: 2,821 sq km | water: 10 sq km", "display": "total : 2,831 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 2831.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "403 km", "display": "403 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "two main islands (Savaii, Upolu) and several smaller islands and uninhabited islets; narrow coastal plain with volcanic, rugged mountains in interior", "display": "two main islands (Savaii, Upolu) and several smaller islands and uninhabited islets; narrow coastal plain with volcanic, rugged mountains in interior", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical; rainy season (November to April), dry season (May to October)", "display": "tropical; rainy season (November to April), dry season (May to October)", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Mount Silisili 1,857 m | lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m", "display": "highest point: Mount Silisili 1,857 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "occasional cyclones; active volcanism | volcanism: Savai'I Island (1,858 m) is historically active", "display": "occasional cyclones; active volcanism", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "hardwood forests, fish, hydropower", "display": "hardwood forests, fish, hydropower", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "about three quarters of the population lives on the island of Upolu", "display": "about three quarters of the population lives on the island of Upolu", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 210,223 (2025 est.) | male: 106,542 | female: 103,681", "display": "total: 210,223 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 210223.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.66% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.66% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0066, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 17.5% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: -0.03% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 17.5% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Samoan (Polynesian) (official) 91.1%, Samoan/English 6.7%, English (official) 0.5%, other 0.2%, unspecified 1.6% (2006 est.)", "display": "Samoan (Polynesian) (official) 91.1%, Samoan/English 6.7%, English (official) 0.5%, other 0.2%, unspecified 1.6% (2006 est.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Protestant 54.9% (Congregationalist 29%, Methodist 12.4%, Assembly of God 6.8%, Seventh Day Adventist 4.4%, other Protestant 2.3%), Roman Catholic 18.8%, Church of Jesus Christ 16.9%, Worship Centre 2.8%, other Christian 3.6%, other 2.9% (includes Baha'i, Muslim), none 0.2% (2016 est.)", "display": "Protestant 54.9% (Congregationalist 29%, Methodist 12.4%, Assembly of God 6.8%, Seventh Day Adventist 4.4%, other Protestant 2.3%), Roman Catholic 18.8%, Church of Jesus Christ 16…", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2016 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 75.7 years (2024 est.) | male: 72.8 years | female: 78.7 years", "display": "total population: 75.7 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 75.7, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 27.8 years (2025 est.) | male: 27 years | female: 27.8 years", "display": "total: 27.8 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "36,000 APIA (capital) (2018)", "display": "36,000 APIA (capital) (2018)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 98% (2019 est.) | male: 98.3% (2019 est.) | female: 97.7% (2019 est.)", "display": "total population: 98% (2019 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2019 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Independent State of Samoa | conventional short form: Samoa | local long form: Malo Sa'oloto Tuto'atasi o Samoa | local short form: Samoa | former: Western Samoa | etymology: the name's meaning and origin are unclear; some assert that it can mean \"place of the moa bird\" of Polynesian mythology, or it could be a local chieftain's name", "display": "conventional long form: Independent State of Samoa", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Apia | geographic coordinates: 13 49 S, 171 46 W | time difference: UTC+13 (18 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)", "display": "name: Apia", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary republic", "display": "parliamentary republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "mixed system of English common law and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts involving fundamental citizen rights", "display": "mixed system of English common law and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts involving fundamental citizen rights", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: several previous (pre-independence); latest 1 January 1962 | amendment process: proposed as an act by the Legislative Assembly; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly membership in the third reading, provided at least 90 days have elapsed since the second reading, and assent of the chief of state; passage of amendments affecting constitutional articles on customary land or constitutional amendment procedures also requires at least two-thirds majority approval in a referendum", "display": "history: several previous (pre-independence); latest 1 January 1962", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1962 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "11 districts; A'ana, Aiga-i-le-Tai, Atua, Fa'asaleleaga, Gaga'emauga, Gagaifomauga, Palauli, Satupa'itea, Tuamasaga, Va'a-o-Fonoti, Vaisigano", "display": "11 districts; A'ana, Aiga-i-le-Tai, Atua, Fa'asaleleaga, Gaga'emauga, Gagaifomauga, Palauli, Satupa'itea, Tuamasaga, Va'a-o-Fonoti, Vaisigano", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACP, ADB, AOSIS, C, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ACP, ADB, AOSIS, C, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNES…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "ower middle-income Pacific island economy; enormous fishing and agriculture industries; significant remittances; growing offshore financial hub; recently hosted Pacific Games to drive tourism and infrastructure growth", "display": "ower middle-income Pacific island economy; enormous fishing and agriculture industries; significant remittances; growing offshore financial hub; recently hosted Pacific Games to d…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$1.503 billion (2024 est.) | $1.374 billion (2023 est.) | $1.258 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$1.503 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 1.503, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$6,900 (2024 est.) | $6,300 (2023 est.) | $5,800 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$6,900 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 6900.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "9.4% (2024 est.) | 9.2% (2023 est.) | -5.3% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "9.4% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.2% (2024 est.) | 7.9% (2023 est.) | 11% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "2.2% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.022000000000000002, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "4.6% (2024 est.) | 5% (2023 est.) | 5.1% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "4.6% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.046, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "food processing, building materials, auto parts", "display": "food processing, building materials, auto parts", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "coconuts, bananas, taro, tropical fruits, pineapples, mangoes/guavas, papayas, root vegetables, milk, avocados (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "coconuts, bananas, taro, tropical fruits, pineapples, mangoes/guavas, papayas, root vegetables, milk, avocados (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, integrated circuits, coconut oil, fish, insulated wire (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, integrated circuits, coconut oil, fish, insulated wire (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, poultry, cars, plastic products, milk (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, poultry, cars, plastic products, milk (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 58% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 58% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.58, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 2,000 (2022 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1 (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 2,000 (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 2000.0, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 98.3% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 100% | electrification - rural areas: 97.9%", "display": "electrification - total population: 98.3% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 59.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 15.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 18.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 6.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 59.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "23.476 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "23.476 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "4 (2025)", "display": "4 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 1 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 0 | very small: 1 | ports with oil terminals: 1 | key ports: Apia", "display": "total ports: 1 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 13 (2023) | by type: general cargo 3, oil tanker 1, other 9", "display": "total: 13 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "soil erosion; deforestation; invasive species; overfishing", "display": "soil erosion; deforestation; invasive species; overfishing", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "335,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 335,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "335,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardo…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/samoa.json" }, { "entity_id": "san-marino", "name": "San Marino", "source_code": "SM", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Europe", "roadmap_country": "San Marino", "coverage_region": "Europe", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 111, "published_fact_count": 42, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 35291.0, "area_sq_km": 61.0, "capital": "San Marino (city)", "government_type": "parliamentary republic", "life_expectancy_years": 84.2, "urban_population_percent": 97.8, "internet_users_percent": 87.0, "electricity_access_percent": 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According to tradition, it was founded by a Christian stonemason named MARINUS in A.D. 301. San Marino's foreign policy is aligned with that of the EU, although it is not a member. San Marino is negotiating an Association Agreement that is expected to allow participation in the EU’s internal market and cooperation in other policy areas by late 2024. Social and political trends in the republic track closely with those of its larger neighbor, Italy.", "display": "Geographically the third-smallest state in Europe (after the Holy See and Monaco), San Marino also claims to be the world's oldest republic. 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(Italian) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Italian", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Roman Catholic", "display": "Roman Catholic", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 84.2 years (2024 est.) | male: 81.7 years | female: 87 years", "display": "total population: 84.2 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 84.2, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 46.3 years (2025 est.) | male: 44.5 years | female: 47.4 years", "display": "total: 46.3 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "4,000 SAN MARINO (2018)", "display": "4,000 SAN MARINO (2018)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 99.9% (2022 est.) | male: 99.9% (2022 est.) | female: 99.9% (2022 est.)", "display": "total population: 99.9% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 16 years (2015 est.) | male: 15 years (2015 est.) | female: 16 years (2015 est.)", "display": "total: 16 years (2015 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2015 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of San Marino | conventional short form: San Marino | local long form: Repubblica di San Marino | local short form: San Marino | etymology: named after Saint MARINUS, who founded a monastic settlement on Monte Titano in the early 4th century", "display": "conventional long form: Republic of San Marino", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: San Marino (city) | geographic coordinates: 43 56 N, 12 25 E | time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; 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While independence was achieved in 1975, democratic reforms were not instituted until the late 1980s. | The country held its first free elections in 1991, but frequent internal wrangling among the various political parties precipitated repeated changes in leadership and failed, non-violent coup attempts in 1995, 1998, 2003, and 2009. In 2012, three opposition parties combined in a no-confidence vote to bring down the majority government of former Prime Minister Patrice TROVOADA, but legislative elections returned him to the office two years later. President Evaristo CARVALHO, of the same political party as TROVOADA, was elected in 2016, marking a rare instance in which the same party held the positions of president and prime minister. TROVOADA resigned in 2018 and was replaced by Jorge BOM JESUS. Carlos Vila NOVA was elected president in 2021. 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"label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 964 sq km | land: 964 sq km | water: 0 sq km", "display": "total : 964 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 964.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "209 km", "display": "209 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "volcanic, mountainous", "display": "volcanic, mountainous", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical; hot, humid; one rainy season (October to May)", "display": "tropical; hot, humid; one rainy season (October to May)", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Pico de Sao Tome 2,024 m | lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m", "display": "highest point: Pico de Sao Tome 2,024 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "flooding", "display": "flooding", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "fish, hydropower", "display": "fish, hydropower", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Sao Tome, the capital city, has roughly a quarter of the nation's 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"id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "6 districts ( distritos , singular - distrito ), 1 autonomous region* ( regiao autonoma ); Agua Grande, Cantagalo, Caue, Lemba, Lobata, Me-Zochi, Principe*", "display": "6 districts ( distritos , singular - distrito ), 1 autonomous region* ( regiao autonoma ); Agua Grande, Cantagalo, Caue, Lemba, Lobata, Me-Zochi, Principe*", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACP, AfDB, AOSIS, AU, CD, CEMAC, CPLP, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, 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"total: 6,000 (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 3 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 6,000 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 6000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 78% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 80% | electrification - rural areas: 73.7%", "display": "electrification - total population: 78% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 93.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 6.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 93.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "8.875 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "8.875 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "2 (2025)", "display": "2 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 2 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 0 | very small: 2 | ports with oil terminals: 0 | key ports: Santo Antonio, Sao Tome", "display": "total ports: 2 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 25 (2023) | by type: general cargo 15, oil tanker 4, other 6", "display": "total: 25 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "deforestation and illegal logging; soil erosion and exhaustion; inadequate sewage treatment in cities; biodiversity", "display": "deforestation and illegal logging; soil erosion and exhaustion; inadequate sewage treatment in cities; biodiversity", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "146,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 146,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "146,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "2.18 billion cubic meters (2022)", "display": "2.18 billion cubic meters (2022)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 14.7 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 600,000 cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 25.6 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 14.7 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous W…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/sao-tome-and-principe.json" }, { "entity_id": "saudi-arabia", "name": "Saudi Arabia", "source_code": "SA", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Middle East", "roadmap_country": "Saudi Arabia", "coverage_region": "Asia", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 147, "published_fact_count": 52, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 36544431.0, "area_sq_km": 2149690.0, "capital": "Riyadh", "government_type": "absolute monarchy", "life_expectancy_years": 77.2, "urban_population_percent": 85.0, "internet_users_percent": 100.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 62700.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Saudi Arabia is the birthplace of Islam and home to Islam's two holiest shrines in Mecca and Medina. The king's official title is the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques. ABD AL-AZIZ bin Abd al-Rahman AL SAUD (Ibn Saud) founded the modern Saudi state in 1932 after a 30-year campaign to unify most of the Arabian Peninsula. One of his male descendants rules the country today, as required by the country's 1992 Basic Law. After Iraq invaded Kuwait in 1990, Saudi Arabia took in the Kuwaiti royal family and 400,000 refugees, while allowing Western and Arab troops to deploy on its soil and liberate Kuwait the following year. Major terrorist attacks in 2003 spurred a strong ongoing campaign against domestic terrorism and extremism. US troops returned to the Kingdom in 2019 after attacks on Saudi oil infrastructure. | From 2005 to 2015, King ABDALLAH bin Abd al-Aziz Al Saud incrementally modernized the Kingdom through a series of social and economic initiatives that included expanding employment and social opportunities for women, attracting foreign investment, increasing the private sector's role in the economy, and discouraging the hiring of foreign workers. Saudi Arabia saw some protests during the 2011 Arab Spring but not the level of bloodshed seen in protests elsewhere in the region; Riyadh took a cautious but firm approach, arresting and quickly releasing some protesters and using its state-sponsored clerics to counter political and Islamist activism. The government held its first-ever elections in 2005 and 2011, when Saudis voted for municipal councilors. King ABDALLAH's reforms accelerated under King SALMAN bin Abd al-Aziz, who ascended to the throne in 2015 and lifted the Kingdom's ban on women driving, implemented education reforms, funded green initiatives, and allowed cinemas to operate for the first time in decades. In 2015, women were allowed to vote and stand as candidates for the first time in municipal elections, with 19 women winning seats. King SALMAN initially named his nephew, MUHAMMAD BIN NAYIF bin Abd al-Aziz Al Saud, as the Crown Prince, but a palace coup in 2017 resulted in King SALMAN's son, Deputy Crown Prince MUHAMMAD BIN SALMAN bin Abd al-Aziz Al Saud, taking over as Crown Prince. King SALMAN appointed MUHAMMAD BIN SALMAN as prime minister in 2022. | In 2015, Saudi Arabia led a coalition of 10 countries in a military campaign to restore Yemen's legitimate government, which had been ousted by Houthi forces. The war in Yemen has drawn international criticism for civilian casualties and its effect on the country’s dire humanitarian situation. The same year, MUHAMMAD BIN SALMAN announced that Saudi Arabia would lead a multi-nation Islamic Coalition to fight terrorism, and in 2017, Saudi Arabia inaugurated the Global Center for Combatting Extremist Ideology (also known as \"Etidal\"). | The country remains a leading producer of oil and natural gas and holds about 17% of the world's proven oil reserves as of 2020. The government continues to pursue economic reform and diversification -- particularly since Saudi Arabia's accession to the WTO in 2005 -- and promotes foreign investment in the Kingdom. In 2016, the Saudi Government announced broad socio-economic reforms known as Vision 2030. Low global oil prices in 2015 and 2016 significantly lowered Saudi Arabia’s governmental revenue, prompting cuts to subsidies on water, electricity, and gasoline; reduced government-employee compensation; and new land taxes. In coordination with OPEC and some key non-OPEC countries, Saudi Arabia agreed to cut oil output in 2017 to regulate supply and help boost global prices. In 2020, this agreement collapsed, and Saudi Arabia launched a price war by flooding the market with low-priced oil before returning to the negotiating table to agree to a major output cut that helped buoy prices.", "display": "Saudi Arabia is the birthplace of Islam and home to Islam's two holiest shrines in Mecca and Medina. The king's official title is the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques. ABD AL-AZI…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1932 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Middle East, bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, north of Yemen", "display": "Middle East, bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, north of Yemen", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Middle East", "display": "Middle East", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 2,149,690 sq km | land: 2,149,690 sq km | water: 0 sq km", "display": "total : 2,149,690 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 2149690.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "2,640 km", "display": "2,640 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly sandy desert", "display": "mostly sandy desert", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "harsh, dry desert with great temperature extremes", "display": "harsh, dry desert with great temperature extremes", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: As Sarawat range, 3,000 m | lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m | mean elevation: 665 m", "display": "highest point: As Sarawat range, 3,000 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "frequent sand and dust storms | volcanism: little activity in the past few centuries, despite many volcanic formations; volcanoes include Harrat Rahat, Harrat Khaybar, Harrat Lunayyir, and Jabal Yar", "display": "frequent sand and dust storms", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, gold, copper", "display": "petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, gold, copper", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "historically a population that was mostly nomadic or semi-nomadic, the Saudi population has become more settled since oil was discovered in the 1930s; most of the country's population is now concentrated in a wide area across the middle of the peninsula, from Ad Dammam in the east through Riyadh in the interior to Mecca-Medina in the west near the Red Sea", "display": "historically a population that was mostly nomadic or semi-nomadic, the Saudi population has become more settled since oil was discovered in the 1930s; most of the country's popula…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 36,544,431 (2024 est.) | male: 20,700,838 | female: 15,843,593", "display": "total: 36,544,431 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 36544431.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.72% (2025 est.)", "display": "1.72% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0172, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 85% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 1.69% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 85% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Arabic (official) | major-language sample(s): | كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Arabic (official)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Muslim (official; citizens are 85-90% Sunni and 10-12% Shia), other (includes Eastern Orthodox, Protestant, Roman Catholic, Jewish, Hindu, Buddhist, and Sikh) (2020 est.) | note: despite having a large expatriate community of various faiths (more than 30% of the population), most forms of public religious expression inconsistent with the government-sanctioned interpretation of Sunni Islam are restricted; non-Muslims are not allowed to have Saudi citizenship and non-Muslim places of worship are not permitted (2013)", "display": "Muslim (official; citizens are 85-90% Sunni and 10-12% Shia), other (includes Eastern Orthodox, Protestant, Roman Catholic, Jewish, Hindu, Buddhist, and Sikh) (2020 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 77.2 years (2024 est.) | male: 75.6 years | female: 78.8 years", "display": "total population: 77.2 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 77.2, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 32.8 years (2025 est.) | male: 34.6 years | female: 29.3 years", "display": "total: 32.8 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "7.682 million RIYADH (capital), 4.863 million Jeddah, 2.150 million Mecca, 1.573 million Medina, 1.329 million Ad Dammam, 872,000 million Hufuf-Mubarraz (2023)", "display": "7.682 million RIYADH (capital), 4.863 million Jeddah, 2.150 million Mecca, 1.573 million Medina, 1.329 million Ad Dammam, 872,000 million Hufuf-Mubarraz (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 97.9% (2024 est.) | male: 98.6% (2024 est.) | female: 96.7% (2024 est.)", "display": "total population: 97.9% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 17 years (2022 est.) | male: 16 years (2022 est.) | female: 18 years (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 17 years (2022 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": 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"Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "absolute monarchy", "display": "absolute monarchy", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "Islamic (sharia) system with some elements of Egyptian, French, and customary law; commercial disputes handled by special committees", "display": "Islamic (sharia) system with some elements of Egyptian, French, and customary law; commercial disputes handled by special committees", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: 1 March 1992 -- Basic Law of Government, issued by royal decree, serves as the constitutional framework and is based on the Qur'an and the life and traditions of the Prophet Muhammad | amendment process: proposed by the king directly or proposed to the king by the Consultative Assembly or by the Council of Ministers; passage by the king through royal decree", "display": "history: 1 March 1992 -- Basic Law of Government, issued by royal decree, serves as the constitutional framework and is based on the Qur'an and the life and traditions of the Prop…", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1992 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "13 regions ( manatiq , singular - mintaqah ); Al Bahah, Al Hudud ash Shamaliyah (Northern Border), Al Jawf, Al Madinah al Munawwarah (Medina), Al Qasim, Ar Riyad (Riyadh), Ash Sharqiyah (Eastern), 'Asir, Ha'il, Jazan, Makkah al Mukarramah (Mecca), Najran, Tabuk", "display": "13 regions ( manatiq , singular - mintaqah ); Al Bahah, Al Hudud ash Shamaliyah (Northern Border), Al Jawf, Al Madinah al Munawwarah (Medina), Al Qasim, Ar Riyad (Riyadh), Ash Sha…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ABEDA, AfDB (nonregional member), AFESD, AMF, BIS, BRICS, CAEU, CP, FAO, G-20, G-77, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOOSA, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ABEDA, AfDB (nonregional member), AFESD, AMF, BIS, BRICS, CAEU, CP, FAO, G-20, G-77, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national 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"lens": "economy", "content": "$2.213 trillion (2024 est.) | $2.173 trillion (2023 est.) | $2.161 trillion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$2.213 trillion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 2213.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$62,700 (2024 est.) | $64,500 (2023 est.) | $67,200 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$62,700 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 62700.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "1.8% (2024 est.) | 0.5% (2023 est.) | 12% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "1.8% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "1.7% (2024 est.) | 2.3% (2023 est.) | 2.5% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "1.7% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.017, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3.9% (2024 est.) | 4.1% (2023 est.) | 5.6% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "3.9% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.039, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "crude oil production, petroleum refining, basic petrochemicals, ammonia, industrial gases, sodium hydroxide (caustic soda), cement, fertilizer, plastics, metals, commercial ship repair, commercial aircraft repair, construction", "display": "crude oil production, petroleum refining, basic petrochemicals, ammonia, industrial gases, sodium hydroxide (caustic soda), cement, fertilizer, plastics, metals, commercial ship r…", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "milk, dates, chicken, wheat, tomatoes, watermelons, potatoes, olives, eggs, onions (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "milk, dates, chicken, wheat, tomatoes, watermelons, potatoes, olives, eggs, onions (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "crude petroleum, refined petroleum, plastics, alcohols, ships (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "crude petroleum, refined petroleum, plastics, alcohols, ships (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "cars, refined petroleum, gold, broadcasting equipment, packaged medicine (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "cars, refined petroleum, gold, broadcasting equipment, packaged medicine (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 100% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 100% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 1.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 14.5 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 44 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 14.5 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 14500000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 99.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 0.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 0.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 99.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "349.692 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "349.692 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "90 (2025)", "display": "90 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 16 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 1 | small: 7 | very small: 8 | ports with oil terminals: 10 | key ports: Dammam, Duba, Jiddah, Jizan, Ju Aymah Oil Terminal, Ras Tannurah, Ras Al Khafji, Ras Al Mishab", "display": "total ports: 16 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 5,410 km (2016) | standard gauge: 5,410 km (2016) 1.435-m gauge (with branch lines and sidings)", "display": "total: 5,410 km (2016)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2016 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 433 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 9, container ship 1, general cargo 20, oil tanker 55, other 348", "display": "total: 433 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "desertification; depletion of underground water resources; limited freshwater resources; coastal pollution from oil spills; air pollution; waste management", "display": "desertification; depletion of underground water resources; limited freshwater resources; coastal pollution from oil spills; air pollution; waste management", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "656.511 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 384,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 418.326 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 237.801 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "656.511 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "2.4 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "2.4 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 3.392 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 1.4 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 21.2 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 3.392 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marin…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/saudi-arabia.json" }, { "entity_id": "senegal", "name": "Senegal", "source_code": "SN", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Africa", "roadmap_country": "Senegal", "coverage_region": "Africa", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 150, "published_fact_count": 52, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 18847519.0, "area_sq_km": 196722.0, "capital": "Dakar", "government_type": "presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 70.6, "urban_population_percent": 49.6, "internet_users_percent": 61.0, "electricity_access_percent": 67.9, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 4500.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Senegal is one of the few countries in the world with evidence of continuous human life from the Paleolithic period to present. Between the 14th and 16th centuries, the Jolof Empire ruled most of Senegal. Starting in the 15th century, Portugal, the Netherlands, France, and Great Britain traded along the Senegalese coast. Senegal’s location on the western tip of Africa made it a favorable base for the European slave trade. European powers used the Senegalese island of Goree as a base to purchase slaves from the warring chiefdoms on the mainland, and at the height of the slave trade in Senegal, over one-third of the Senegalese population was enslaved. In 1815, France abolished slavery and began expanding inland. During the second half of the 19th century, France took possession of Senegal as a French colony. In 1959, the French colonies of Senegal and French Sudan were merged and granted independence in 1960 as the Mali Federation. The union broke up after only a few months. In 1982, Senegal joined with The Gambia to form the nominal confederation of Senegambia. The envisaged integration of the two countries was never implemented, and the union dissolved in 1989. | Since the 1980s, the Movement of Democratic Forces in the Casamance -- a separatist movement based in southern Senegal -- has led a low-level insurgency. Several attempts at reaching a comprehensive peace agreement have failed. Since 2012, despite sporadic incidents of violence, an unofficial cease-fire has remained largely in effect. Senegal is one of the most stable democracies in Africa and has a long history of participating in international peacekeeping and regional mediation. The Socialist Party of Senegal ruled for 40 years until Abdoulaye WADE was elected president in 2000 and re-elected in 2007. WADE amended Senegal's constitution over a dozen times to increase executive power and weaken the opposition. In 2012, WADE’s decision to run for a third presidential term sparked public backlash that led to his loss to current President Macky SALL. A 2016 constitutional referendum limited future presidents to two consecutive five-year terms. President Bassirou Diomaye FAYE took office in April 2024.", "display": "Senegal is one of the few countries in the world with evidence of continuous human life from the Paleolithic period to present. Between the 14th and 16th centuries, the Jolof Empi…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1959 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea-Bissau and Mauritania", "display": "Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea-Bissau and Mauritania", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Africa", "display": "Africa", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 196,722 sq km | land: 192,530 sq km | water: 4,192 sq km", "display": "total : 196,722 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 196722.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "531 km", "display": "531 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "generally low, rolling, plains rising to foothills in southeast", "display": "generally low, rolling, plains rising to foothills in southeast", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical; hot, humid; rainy season (May to November) has strong southeast winds; dry season (December to April) dominated by hot, dry, harmattan wind", "display": "tropical; hot, humid; rainy season (May to November) has strong southeast winds; dry season (December to April) dominated by hot, dry, harmattan wind", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: unnamed elevation 2.8 km southeast of Nepen Diaka 648 m | lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m | mean elevation: 69 m", "display": "highest point: unnamed elevation 2.8 km southeast of Nepen Diaka 648 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "lowlands seasonally flooded; periodic droughts", "display": "lowlands seasonally flooded; periodic droughts", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "fish, phosphates, iron ore", "display": "fish, phosphates, iron ore", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "the population is concentrated in the west, with Dakar anchoring a well-defined core area; approximately 70% of the population is rural, as shown in this population distribution map", "display": "the population is concentrated in the west, with Dakar anchoring a well-defined core area; approximately 70% of the population is rural, as shown in this population distribution m…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 18,847,519 (2024 est.) | male: 9,283,314 | female: 9,564,205", "display": "total: 18,847,519 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 18847519.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "2.4% (2025 est.)", "display": "2.4% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.024, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 49.6% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 3.59% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 49.6% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "French (official), Wolof, Pulaar, Jola, Mandinka, Serer, Soninke", "display": "French (official), Wolof, Pulaar, Jola, Mandinka, Serer, Soninke", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Muslim 97.2% (most adhere to one of the four main Sufi brotherhoods), Christian 2.7% (mostly Roman Catholic) (2019 est.)", "display": "Muslim 97.2% (most adhere to one of the four main Sufi brotherhoods), Christian 2.7% (mostly Roman Catholic) (2019 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2019 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 70.6 years (2024 est.) | male: 68.8 years | female: 72.4 years", "display": "total population: 70.6 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 70.6, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 19.4 years (2025 est.) | male: 18.4 years | female: 20 years", "display": "total: 19.4 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "3.340 million DAKAR (capital) (2023)", "display": "3.340 million DAKAR (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 50.4% (2023 est.) | male: 61.5% (2023 est.) | female: 41.5% (2023 est.)", "display": "total population: 50.4% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 9 years (2023 est.) | male: 8 years (2023 est.) | female: 10 years (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 9 years (2023 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Senegal | conventional short form: Senegal | local long form: République du Sénégal | local short form: Sénégal | former: Senegambia (along with The Gambia), Mali Federation | etymology: named for the Senegal River that forms the northern border of the country; the river's name may derive from \"Azenegue,\" the Portuguese name for the Berber Zenaga people who lived north of the river, or it could come from a local word meaning \"navigable\"", "display": "conventional long form: Republic of Senegal", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Dakar | geographic coordinates: 14 44 N, 17 38 W | time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, D.C., during Standard Time) | etymology: the name comes from the Wolof word n'dakar , meaning \"tamarind tree\"", "display": "name: Dakar", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "presidential republic", "display": "presidential republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law system based on French law; Constitutional Council reviews legislative acts", "display": "civil law system based on French law; Constitutional Council reviews legislative acts", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: previous 1959 (pre-independence), 1963; latest adopted by referendum 7 January 2001, promulgated 22 January 2001 | amendment process: proposed by the president of the republic or by the National Assembly; passage requires Assembly approval and approval in a referendum; the president can bypass a referendum and submit an amendment directly to the Assembly, which requires at least three-fifths majority vote; the republican form of government is not amendable", "display": "history: previous 1959 (pre-independence), 1963; latest adopted by referendum 7 January 2001, promulgated 22 January 2001", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1959 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "14 regions ( régions , singular - région ); Dakar, Diourbel, Fatick, Kaffrine, Kaolack, Kéedougou, Kolda, Louga, Matam, Saint-Louis, Sedhiou, Tambacounda, Thies, Ziguinchor", "display": "14 regions ( régions , singular - région ); Dakar, Diourbel, Fatick, Kaffrine, Kaolack, Kéedougou, Kolda, Louga, Matam, Saint-Louis, Sedhiou, Tambacounda, Thies, Ziguinchor", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACP, AfDB, AU, CD, CPLP (associate), ECOWAS, EITI (candidate country), FAO, FZ, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WADB 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null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$83.183 billion (2024 est.) | $77.82 billion (2023 est.) | $74.642 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$83.183 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 83.183, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$4,500 (2024 est.) | $4,300 (2023 est.) | $4,200 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$4,500 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 4500.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "6.9% (2024 est.) | 4.3% (2023 est.) | 3.9% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "6.9% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "0.8% (2024 est.) | 5.9% (2023 est.) | 9.7% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "0.8% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.008, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3% (2024 est.) | 2.8% (2023 est.) | 2.9% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "3% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.03, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "agricultural and fish processing, phosphate mining, fertilizer production, petroleum refining, zircon, and gold mining, construction materials, ship construction and repair", "display": "agricultural and fish processing, phosphate mining, fertilizer production, petroleum refining, zircon, and gold mining, construction materials, ship construction and repair", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "rice, groundnuts, watermelons, millet, cassava, sugarcane, maize, sorghum, onions, milk (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "rice, groundnuts, watermelons, millet, cassava, sugarcane, maize, sorghum, onions, milk (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "gold, refined petroleum, phosphoric acid, fish, cement (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "gold, refined petroleum, phosphoric acid, fish, cement (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, crude petroleum, rice, garments, wheat (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, crude petroleum, rice, garments, wheat (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 61% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 61% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.61, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 357,000 (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 2 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 357,000 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 357000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 67.9% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 96.6% | electrification - rural areas: 43.4%", "display": "electrification - total population: 67.9% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 78.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 7.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 9.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 3.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 1.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 78.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "8.303 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "8.303 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "20 (2025)", "display": "20 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 6 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 1 | small: 1 | very small: 4 | ports with oil terminals: 4 | key ports: Dakar, Karabane, Lyndiane, M'bao Oil Terminal, Rufisque, St. Louis", "display": "total ports: 6 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 906 km (2017) (713 km operational in 2017) | narrow gauge: 906 km (2017) 1.000-m gauge", "display": "total: 906 km (2017) (713 km operational in 2017)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2017 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 36 (2023) | by type: general cargo 5, oil tanker 1, other 30", "display": "total: 36 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; droughts; seasonal flooding; overfishing; weak environmental laws; poaching", "display": "deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; droughts; seasonal flooding; overfishing; weak environmental laws; poaching", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "10.373 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 456,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 9.859 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 58,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "10.373 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "38.97 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "38.97 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 261 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 1.416 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 2.759 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 261 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardo…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/senegal.json" }, { "entity_id": "serbia", "name": "Serbia", "source_code": "RS", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Europe", "roadmap_country": "Serbia", "coverage_region": "Europe", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 146, "published_fact_count": 50, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 6652212.0, "area_sq_km": 77474.0, "capital": "Belgrade (Beograd)", "government_type": "parliamentary republic", "life_expectancy_years": 75.3, "urban_population_percent": 57.1, "internet_users_percent": 85.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 26900.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": true }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "In 1918, the Croats, Serbs, and Slovenes formed a kingdom known after 1929 as Yugoslavia. The monarchy remained in power until 1945, when the communist Partisans headed by Josip Broz (aka TITO) took control of the newly created Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY). After TITO died in 1980, communism in Yugoslavia gradually gave way to resurgent nationalism. In 1989, Slobodan MILOSEVIC became president of the Republic of Serbia, and his calls for Serbian domination led to the violent breakup of Yugoslavia along ethnic lines. In 1991, Croatia, Slovenia, and Macedonia declared independence, followed by Bosnia in 1992. The remaining republics of Serbia and Montenegro declared a new Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) in 1992, and MILOSEVIC led military campaigns to unite ethnic Serbs in neighboring republics into a \"Greater Serbia.\" These actions ultimately failed, and international intervention led to the signing of the Dayton Accords in 1995. | In 1998, an ethnic Albanian insurgency in the formerly autonomous Serbian province of Kosovo resulted in a brutal Serbian counterinsurgency campaign. Serbia rejected a proposed international settlement, and NATO responded with a bombing campaign that forced Serbian forces to withdraw from Kosovo in June 1999. In 2003, the FRY became the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro, a loose federation of the two republics. In 2006, Montenegro seceded and declared itself an independent nation. | In 2008, Kosovo also declared independence -- an action Serbia still refuses to recognize. In 2013, Serbia and Kosovo signed the first agreement of principles governing the normalization of relations between the two countries. Additional agreements were reached in 2015 and 2023, but implementation remains incomplete. Serbia has been an official candidate for EU membership since 2012, and President Aleksandar VUCIC has promoted the ambitious goal of Serbia joining the EU by 2025.", "display": "In 1918, the Croats, Serbs, and Slovenes formed a kingdom known after 1929 as Yugoslavia. The monarchy remained in power until 1945, when the communist Partisans headed by Josip B…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1918 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southeastern Europe, between Macedonia and Hungary", "display": "Southeastern Europe, between Macedonia and Hungary", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Europe", "display": "Europe", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 77,474 sq km | land: 77,474 sq km | water: 0 sq km", "display": "total : 77,474 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 77474.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "0 km (landlocked)", "display": "0 km (landlocked)", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "extremely varied; to the north, rich fertile plains; to the east, limestone ranges and basins; to the southeast, ancient mountains and hills", "display": "extremely varied; to the north, rich fertile plains; to the east, limestone ranges and basins; to the southeast, ancient mountains and hills", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "in the north, continental climate (cold winters and hot, humid summers with well-distributed rainfall); in other parts, continental and Mediterranean climate (relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall and hot, dry summers and autumns)", "display": "in the north, continental climate (cold winters and hot, humid summers with well-distributed rainfall); in other parts, continental and Mediterranean climate (relatively cold wint…", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Midzor 2,169 m | lowest point: Danube and Timok Rivers 35 m | mean elevation: 442 m", "display": "highest point: Midzor 2,169 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "destructive earthquakes", "display": "destructive earthquakes", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "oil, gas, coal, iron ore, copper, zinc, antimony, chromite, gold, silver, magnesium, pyrite, limestone, marble, salt, arable land", "display": "oil, gas, coal, iron ore, copper, zinc, antimony, chromite, gold, silver, magnesium, pyrite, limestone, marble, salt, arable land", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations", "display": "a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 6,652,212 (2024 est.) | male: 3,242,751 | female: 3,409,461", "display": "total: 6,652,212 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 6652212.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "-0.6% (2025 est.)", "display": "-0.6% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": -0.006, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 57.1% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.04% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) | note: data include Kosovo", "display": "urban population: 57.1% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Serbian (official) 88.1%, Hungarian 3.4%, Bosnian 1.9%, Romani 1.4%, other 3.4%, undeclared or unknown 1.8% (2011 est.) | major-language sample(s): | Knjiga svetskih činjenica, neophodan izvor osnovnih informacija. (Serbian) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. | note: Serbian, Hungarian, Slovak, Romanian, Croatian, and Ruthenian (Rusyn) are official in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina; most ethnic Albanians boycotted the 2011 census", "display": "Serbian (official) 88.1%, Hungarian 3.4%, Bosnian 1.9%, Romani 1.4%, other 3.4%, undeclared or unknown 1.8% (2011 est.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2011 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Serbian Orthodox 81.1%, unknown 5.3%, Islam 4.2%, Catholic 3.9%, no response 2.5%, atheist 1.1%; less than 1%: other Christians, Protestant, agnostic (2022)", "display": "Serbian Orthodox 81.1%, unknown 5.3%, Islam 4.2%, Catholic 3.9%, no response 2.5%, atheist 1.1%; less than 1%: other Christians, Protestant, agnostic (2022)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 75.3 years (2024 est.) | male: 72.7 years | female: 78.1 years", "display": "total population: 75.3 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 75.3, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 44.1 years (2025 est.) | male: 42.4 years | female: 45.4 years", "display": "total: 44.1 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.408 million BELGRADE (capital) (2023)", "display": "1.408 million BELGRADE (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 99.3% (2022 est.) | male: 99.6% (2022 est.) | female: 99.1% (2022 est.)", "display": "total population: 99.3% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 15 years (2022 est.) | male: 14 years (2022 est.) | female: 16 years (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 15 years (2022 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Serbia | conventional short form: Serbia | local long form: Republika Srbija | local short form: Srbija | former: People's Republic of Serbia, Socialist Republic of Serbia | etymology: the country takes its name from the Serb people; the origin of their name is unclear but may derive from the Caucasian root word ser , meaning \"man\"", "display": "conventional long form: Republic of Serbia", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Belgrade (Beograd) | geographic coordinates: 44 50 N, 20 30 E | time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October | etymology: the name comes from the Serbian words beo (white) and grad (city); it probably referred to the white stone of the city fortress", "display": "name: Belgrade (Beograd)", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, 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| cities: Beograd (Belgrade), Bor, Cacak, Jagodina, Kikinda*, Kragujevac, Kraljevo, Krusevac, Leskovac, Loznica, Nis, Novi Pazar, Novi Sad*, Pancevo*, Pirot, Pozarevac, Prokuplje, Sabac, Smederevo, Sombor*, Sremska Mitrovica*, Subotica*, Uzice, Valjevo, Vranje, Vrsac*, Zajecar, Zrenjanin* | note: the northern 37 municipalities and 8 cities -- about 28% of Serbia's area -- compose the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina and are indicated with an asterisk", "display": "117 municipalities ( opstine , singular - opstina ) and 28 cities ( gradovi , singular - grad )", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "BIS, BSEC, CD, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, EU (candidate country), FAO, G-9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, 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falling unemployment; historic Russian relations; energy import-dependent", "display": "upper middle-income Balkan economy; current EU accession candidate; hit by COVID-19; pursuing green growth development; manageable public debt; new anticorruption efforts; falling…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$177.093 billion (2024 est.) | $170.482 billion (2023 est.) | $164.166 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$177.093 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 177.093, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$26,900 (2024 est.) | $25,700 (2023 est.) | $24,600 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$26,900 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 26900.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3.9% (2024 est.) | 3.8% (2023 est.) | 2.6% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "3.9% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "4.7% (2024 est.) | 12.4% (2023 est.) | 12% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "4.7% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.047, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "7.4% (2024 est.) | 8.3% (2023 est.) | 8.5% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force 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"source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "insulated wire, electricity, copper ore, plastic products, electric motors (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "insulated wire, electricity, copper ore, plastic products, electric motors (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "crude petroleum, natural gas, packaged medicine, plastic products, cars (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "crude petroleum, natural gas, packaged medicine, plastic products, cars (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 85% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 85% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.85, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 2.08 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 31 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 2.08 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 2080000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity 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domestic, industrial, and hazardous waste", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "44.782 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 27.743 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 11.665 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 5.374 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "44.782 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "162.2 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | note: data includes Kosovo", "display": "162.2 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 702 million cubic meters (2022) | industrial: 3.967 billion cubic meters (2022) | agricultural: 422 million cubic meters (2022)", "display": "municipal: 702 million cubic meters (2022)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London 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98187.0, "area_sq_km": 455.0, "capital": "Victoria", "government_type": "presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 76.6, "urban_population_percent": 58.8, "internet_users_percent": 87.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 29200.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Seychelles was uninhabited before Europeans discovered the islands early in the 16th century. After a lengthy struggle, France eventually ceded control of the islands to Great Britain in 1814. During colonial rule, a plantation-based economy developed that relied on imported labor, primarily from European colonies in Africa. Seychelles gained independence in 1976 through negotiations with Great Britain. In 1977, Prime Minister France-Albert RENE launched a coup against the country’s first president, and Seychelles became a socialist one-party state until adopting a new constitution and holding elections in 1993. RENE continued to lead Seychelles through two election cycles until he stepped down in 2004. Vice President James Alix MICHEL took over the presidency and in 2006 was elected to a new five-year term; he was reelected in 2011 and again in 2015. In 2016, James MICHEL resigned and handed over the presidency to his vice-president, Danny FAURE. In 2020, Wavel RAMKALAWAN was elected president, the first time an opposition candidate has won the presidency.", "display": "Seychelles was uninhabited before Europeans discovered the islands early in the 16th century. After a lengthy struggle, France eventually ceded control of the islands to Great Bri…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1976 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "archipelago in the Indian Ocean, northeast of Madagascar", "display": "archipelago in the Indian Ocean, northeast of Madagascar", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Africa", "display": "Africa", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 455 sq km | land: 455 sq km | water: 0 sq km", "display": "total : 455 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 455.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "491 km", "display": "491 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Mahe Group is volcanic with a narrow coastal strip and rocky, hilly interior; others are relatively flat coral atolls, or elevated reefs; sits atop the submarine Mascarene Plateau", "display": "Mahe Group is volcanic with a narrow coastal strip and rocky, hilly interior; others are relatively flat coral atolls, or elevated reefs; sits atop the submarine Mascarene Plateau", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical marine; humid; cooler season during southeast monsoon (late May to September); warmer season during northwest monsoon (March to May)", "display": "tropical marine; humid; cooler season during southeast monsoon (late May to September); warmer season during northwest monsoon (March to May)", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Morne Seychellois 905 m | lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m", "display": "highest point: Morne Seychellois 905 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "lies outside the cyclone belt, so severe storms are rare; occasional short droughts", "display": "lies outside the cyclone belt, so severe storms are rare; occasional short droughts", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "fish, coconuts (copra), cinnamon trees", "display": "fish, coconuts (copra), cinnamon trees", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "more than three quarters of the population lives on the main island of Mahe; Praslin is home to less than 10%, and a smaller percentage is on La Digue and the outer islands, as shown in this population distribution map", "display": "more than three quarters of the population lives on the main island of Mahe; Praslin is home to less than 10%, and a smaller percentage is on La Digue and the outer islands, as sh…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 98,187 (2024 est.) | male: 50,973 | female: 47,214", "display": "total: 98,187 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 98187.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.53% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.53% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0053, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 58.8% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 58.8% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Seychellois Creole (official) 89.1%, English (official) 5.1%, French (official) 0.7%, other 3.8%, unspecified 1.4% (2010 est.)", "display": "Seychellois Creole (official) 89.1%, English (official) 5.1%, French (official) 0.7%, other 3.8%, unspecified 1.4% (2010 est.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2010 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Roman Catholic 76.2%, Protestant 10.5% (Anglican 6.1%, Pentecostal Assembly 1.5%, Seventh Day Adventist 1.2%, other Protestant 1.7%), other Christian 2.4%, Hindu 2.4%, Muslim 1.6%, other non-Christian 1.1%, unspecified 4.8%, none 0.9% (2010 est.)", "display": "Roman Catholic 76.2%, Protestant 10.5% (Anglican 6.1%, Pentecostal Assembly 1.5%, Seventh Day Adventist 1.2%, other Protestant 1.7%), other Christian 2.4%, Hindu 2.4%, Muslim 1.6%…", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2010 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 76.6 years (2024 est.) | male: 72.2 years | female: 81.1 years", "display": "total population: 76.6 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 76.6, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 39.2 years (2025 est.) | male: 38.2 years | female: 39.4 years", "display": "total: 39.2 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "28,000 VICTORIA (capital) (2018)", "display": "28,000 VICTORIA (capital) (2018)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy 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"economy", "content": "refined petroleum, fish, ships, cars, plastic products (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, fish, ships, cars, plastic products (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 87% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 87% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.87, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 39,000 (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 31 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 39,000 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 39000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, 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marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "limited freshwater resources; water pollution; biodiversity", "display": "limited freshwater resources; water pollution; biodiversity", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "893,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 92 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 893,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "893,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 9 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 3.8 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 900,000 cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 9 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardo…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/seychelles.json" }, { "entity_id": "sierra-leone", "name": "Sierra Leone", "source_code": "SL", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Africa", "roadmap_country": "Sierra Leone", "coverage_region": "Africa", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 138, "published_fact_count": 50, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 9331203.0, "area_sq_km": 71740.0, "capital": "Freetown", "government_type": "presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 59.4, "urban_population_percent": 44.3, "internet_users_percent": 21.0, "electricity_access_percent": 29.4, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 3100.0, 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Traders introduced Sierra Leone to Islam, which occupies a central role in Sierra Leonean culture and history. In the 17 th century, the British set up a trading post near present-day Freetown. The trade originally involved timber and ivory but later expanded to enslaved people. In 1787, after the American Revolution, Sierra Leone became a destination for Black British loyalists from the new United States. When Britain abolished the slave trade in 1807, British ships delivered thousands of liberated Africans to Sierra Leone. During the 19 th century, the colony gradually expanded inland. | In 1961, Sierra Leone became independent of the UK. Sierra Leone held free and fair elections in 1962 and 1967, but Siaka STEVENS -- Sierra Leone’s second prime minister -- quickly reverted to authoritarian tendencies, outlawing most political parties and ruling from 1967 to 1985. In 1991, Sierra Leonean soldiers launched a civil war against STEVENS’ ruling party. The war caused tens of thousands of deaths and displaced more than 2 million people (about one third of the population). In 1998, a Nigerian-led West African coalition military force intervened, installing Tejan KABBAH -- who was originally elected in 1996 -- as prime minister. In 2002, KABBAH officially announced the end of the war. Since 1998, Sierra Leone has conducted democratic elections dominated by the two main political parties, the Sierra Leone People’s Party (SLPP) and the All People’s Congress (APC) party. In 2018, Julius Maada BIO of the Sierra Leone People’s Party won the presidential election that saw a high voter turnout despite some allegations of voter intimidation. BIO won again in June 2023, although irregularities were noted that called into question the integrity of the results. In October 2023, the Government of Sierra Leone and the main opposition party, the All People’s Congress, signed the Agreement for National Unity to boost cooperation between political parties and begin the process of reforming the country’s electoral system.", "display": "Continuously populated for at least 2,500 years, the area now known as Sierra Leone is covered with dense jungle that allowed the region to remain relatively protected from invadi…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1961 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea and Liberia", "display": "Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea and Liberia", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Africa", "display": "Africa", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 71,740 sq km | land: 71,620 sq km | water: 120 sq km", "display": "total : 71,740 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 71740.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "402 km", "display": "402 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "coastal belt of mangrove swamps, wooded hill country, upland plateau, mountains in east", "display": "coastal belt of mangrove swamps, wooded hill country, upland plateau, mountains in east", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical; hot, humid; summer rainy season (May to December); winter dry season (December to April)", "display": "tropical; hot, humid; summer rainy season (May to December); winter dry season (December to April)", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Loma Mansa (Bintimani) 1,948 m | lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m | mean elevation: 279 m", "display": "highest point: Loma Mansa (Bintimani) 1,948 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "dry, sand-laden harmattan winds blow from the Sahara (December to February); sandstorms, dust storms", "display": "dry, sand-laden harmattan winds blow from the Sahara (December to February); sandstorms, dust storms", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "diamonds, titanium ore, bauxite, iron ore, gold, chromite", "display": "diamonds, titanium ore, bauxite, iron ore, gold, chromite", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "population clusters are found in the lower elevations of the south and west; the northern third of the country is less populated, as shown on this population distribution map", "display": "population clusters are found in the lower elevations of the south and west; the northern third of the country is less populated, as shown on this population distribution map", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 9,331,203 (2025 est.) | male: 4,620,638 | female: 4,710,565", "display": "total: 9,331,203 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 9331203.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "2.24% (2025 est.)", "display": "2.24% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.022400000000000003, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 44.3% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 3.02% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 44.3% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "English (official, regular use limited to literate minority), Mende (principal vernacular in the south), Temne (principal vernacular in the north), Krio (English-based Creole, spoken by the descendants of freed Jamaican slaves; 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latest effective 1 October 1991 | amendment process: proposed by Parliament; passage of amendments requires at least two-thirds majority vote of Parliament in two successive readings and assent of the president of the republic; passage of amendments affecting fundamental rights and freedoms and many other constitutional sections also requires approval in a referendum with participation of at least one half of qualified voters and at least two thirds of votes cast", "display": "history: several previous; latest effective 1 October 1991", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1991 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "4 provinces and 1 area*; Eastern, Northern, North Western, Southern, Western*", "display": "4 provinces and 1 area*; Eastern, Northern, North Western, Southern, Western*", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACP, AfDB, ATMIS, AU, C, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO (pending member), ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNOOSA, UNSOM, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ACP, AfDB, ATMIS, AU, C, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO (pending member), ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC,…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "low-income West African economy; 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loss of biodiversity; air pollution; water pollution; overfishing", "display": "overharvesting of timber, expansion of cattle grazing, and slash-and-burn agriculture resulting in deforestation, soil exhaustion, and flooding; loss of biodiversity; air pollutio…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "1.342 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 1.342 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "1.342 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "160 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "160 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 111 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 55.5 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 45.7 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 111 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardo…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/sierra-leone.json" }, { "entity_id": "singapore", "name": "Singapore", "source_code": "SG", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Southeast Asia", "roadmap_country": "Singapore", "coverage_region": "Asia", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 141, "published_fact_count": 51, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 6080545.0, "area_sq_km": 719.0, "capital": "Singapore", "government_type": "parliamentary republic", "life_expectancy_years": 86.7, "urban_population_percent": 100.0, "internet_users_percent": 94.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 132600.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "A Malay trading port known as Temasek existed on the island of Singapore by the 14th century. The settlement changed hands several times in the ensuing centuries and was eventually burned in the 17th century, falling into obscurity. In 1819, the British founded modern Singapore as a trading colony on the same site and granted it full internal self-government for all matters except defense and foreign affairs in 1959. Singapore joined the Malaysian Federation in 1963 but was ousted two years later and became independent. Singapore subsequently became one of the world's most prosperous countries, with strong international trading links and per capita GDP among the highest globally. The People’s Action Party has won every general election in Singapore since the end of the British colonial era, aided by its success in delivering consistent economic growth, as well as the city-state's fragmented opposition and electoral procedures that strongly favor the ruling party.", "display": "A Malay trading port known as Temasek existed on the island of Singapore by the 14th century. The settlement changed hands several times in the ensuing centuries and was eventuall…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1959 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southeastern Asia, islands between Malaysia and Indonesia", "display": "Southeastern Asia, islands between Malaysia and Indonesia", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southeast Asia", "display": "Southeast Asia", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 719 sq km | land: 709.2 sq km | water: 10 sq km", "display": "total : 719 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 719.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "193 km", "display": "193 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "lowlying, gently undulating central plateau", "display": "lowlying, gently undulating central plateau", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical; hot, humid, rainy; two distinct monsoon seasons - northeastern monsoon (December to March) and southwestern monsoon (June to September); inter-monsoon - frequent afternoon and early evening thunderstorms", "display": "tropical; hot, humid, rainy; two distinct monsoon seasons - northeastern monsoon (December to March) and southwestern monsoon (June to September); inter-monsoon - frequent afterno…", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Bukit Timah 166 m | lowest point: Singapore Strait 0 m", "display": "highest point: Bukit Timah 166 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "flash floods", "display": "flash floods", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "fish, deepwater ports", "display": "fish, deepwater ports", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "most of the urbanization is along the southern coast, with relatively dense population clusters found in the central areas", "display": "most of the urbanization is along the southern coast, with relatively dense population clusters found in the central areas", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 6,080,545 (2025 est.) | male: 3,040,862 | female: 3,039,683", "display": "total: 6,080,545 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 6080545.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.85% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.85% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0085, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 100% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.74% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 100% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "English (official) 48.3%, Mandarin (official) 29.9%, other Chinese dialects (includes Hokkien, Cantonese, Teochew, Hakka) 8.7%, Malay (official) 9.2%, Tamil (official) 2.5%, other 1.4% (2020 est.) | major-language sample(s): | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. 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89.5 years", "display": "total population: 86.7 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 86.7, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 39.8 years (2025 est.) | male: 38 years | female: 40.6 years", "display": "total: 39.8 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "6.081 million SINGAPORE (capital) (2023)", "display": "6.081 million SINGAPORE (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 97.7% (2021 est.) | male: 98.9% (2021 est.) | female: 96.4% (2021 est.)", "display": "total population: 97.7% (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 17 years (2022 est.) | male: 17 years (2022 est.) | female: 17 years (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 17 years (2022 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Singapore | conventional short form: Singapore | local long form: Republic of Singapore | local short form: Singapore | etymology: name derives from the Sanskrit words simha (lion) and pur (city); according to Malayan folklore, an Indian prince visited Singapore in 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"Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1965 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "no first-order administrative divisions; five community development councils: Central Singapore Development Council, North East Development Council, North West Development Council, South East Development Council, South West Development Council (2019)", "display": "no first-order administrative divisions; five community development councils: Central Singapore Development Council, North East Development Council, North West Development Council…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2019 }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ADB, AOSIS, APEC, Arctic Council (observer), ARF, ASEAN, BIS, C, CP, EAS, FAO, FATF, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, Pacific Alliance (observer), PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNOOSA, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ADB, AOSIS, APEC, Arctic Council (observer), ARF, ASEAN, BIS, C, CP, EAS, FAO, FATF, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF,…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "high-income, service-based economy; global financial hub; business-friendly policies and open to investment and trade; inflation easing but persistent in services; public investments in education, healthcare, and infrastructure; strong human capital development challenged by 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132600.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "4.4% (2024 est.) | 1.8% (2023 est.) | 4.1% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "4.4% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.4% (2024 est.) | 4.8% (2023 est.) | 6.1% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "2.4% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.024, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3.2% (2024 est.) | 3.5% (2023 est.) | 3.6% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "3.2% (2024 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based on tonnage", "display": "chicken, eggs, vegetables, pork, duck, spinach, lettuce, pork offal, cabbages, pork fat (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "integrated circuits, refined petroleum, machinery, vaccines, gold (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "integrated circuits, refined petroleum, machinery, vaccines, gold (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "integrated circuits, refined petroleum, crude petroleum, gold, gas turbines (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "integrated circuits, refined petroleum, crude petroleum, gold, gas turbines (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 94% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 94% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.94, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 1.57 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 27 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 1.57 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 1570000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 94.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 3.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 94.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "643.259 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "643.259 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "9 (2025)", "display": "9 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 5 (2024) | large: 2 | medium: 1 | small: 1 | very small: 1 | ports with oil terminals: 3 | key ports: Jurong Island, Keppel - (East Singapore), Pulau Bukom, Pulau Sebarok", "display": "total ports: 5 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 3,202 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 591, container ship 604, general cargo 107, oil tanker 600, other 1,300", "display": "total: 3,202 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "water pollution; industrial pollution; limited freshwater resources; waste disposal problems from limited land availability; air pollution; deforestation; seasonal smoke/haze from forest fires in Indonesia", "display": "water pollution; industrial pollution; limited freshwater resources; waste disposal problems from limited land availability; air pollution; deforestation; seasonal smoke/haze from…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "238.962 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 2.338 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 210.859 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 25.765 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "238.962 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "600 million cubic meters (2022)", "display": "600 million cubic meters (2022)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 198.207 million cubic meters (2022) | industrial: 162.624 million cubic meters (2022) | agricultural: 0 cubic meters (2022)", "display": "municipal: 198.207 million cubic meters (2022)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardo…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/singapore.json" }, { "entity_id": "sint-maarten", "name": "Sint Maarten", "source_code": "SX", "source_entity_class": "dependency-or-territory", "source_region": "Central America and the Caribbean", "roadmap_country": null, "coverage_region": null, "roadmap_status": "additional", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 89, "published_fact_count": 39, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 46738.0, "area_sq_km": 34.0, "capital": "Philipsburg", "government_type": "parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy", "life_expectancy_years": 79.7, "urban_population_percent": 100.0, "internet_users_percent": 89.5, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 45800.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Christopher COLUMBUS claimed Saint Martin for Spain in 1493, naming it after the feast day of St. Martin of Tours, but it was the Dutch who occupied the island in 1631 to exploit its salt deposits. The Spanish retook Saint Martin in 1633, but the Dutch continued to assert their claims. The Spanish finally relinquished the island to the French and Dutch, who divided it between themselves in 1648. The border frequently fluctuated over the next 200 years because of friction between the two countries, with the Dutch eventually holding the smaller portion of the island (about 39%) and adopting the Dutch spelling of the island's name for their territory. | The establishment of cotton, tobacco, and sugar plantations dramatically expanded African slavery on the island in the 18th and 19th centuries; the practice was not abolished in the Dutch half until 1863. The island's economy declined until 1939 when it became a free port; the tourism industry was dramatically expanded beginning in the 1950s. In 1954, Sint Maarten and several other Dutch Caribbean possessions became part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands as the Netherlands Antilles. In a 2000 referendum, the citizens of Sint Maarten voted to become a self-governing country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands, effective in 2010. In 2017, Hurricane Irma hit Saint Martin/Sint Maarten, causing extensive damage to roads, communications, electrical power, and housing; the UN estimated that 90% of the buildings were damaged or destroyed.", "display": "Christopher COLUMBUS claimed Saint Martin for Spain in 1493, naming it after the feast day of St. Martin of Tours, but it was the Dutch who occupied the island in 1631 to exploit…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1939 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Caribbean, located in the Leeward Islands (northern) group; Dutch part of the island of Saint Martin in the Caribbean Sea; Sint Maarten lies east of the US Virgin Islands", "display": "Caribbean, located in the Leeward Islands (northern) group; Dutch part of the island of Saint Martin in the Caribbean Sea; Sint Maarten lies east of the US Virgin Islands", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Central America and the Caribbean", "display": "Central America and the Caribbean", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 34 sq km | land: 34 sq km | water: 0 sq km | note: Dutch part of the island of Saint Martin", "display": "total : 34 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 34.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "58.9 km (for entire island)", "display": "58.9 km (for entire island)", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "low, hilly terrain, volcanic origin", "display": "low, hilly terrain, volcanic origin", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical marine climate, ameliorated by northeast trade winds, results in moderate temperatures; average rainfall of 150 cm/year; hurricane season stretches from July to November", "display": "tropical marine climate, ameliorated by northeast trade winds, results in moderate temperatures; average rainfall of 150 cm/year; hurricane season stretches from July to November", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: 250 m SW of Mount Flagstaff summit, 383 m | lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m", "display": "highest point: 250 m SW of Mount Flagstaff summit, 383 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "subject to hurricanes from July to November", "display": "subject to hurricanes from July to November", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "fish, salt", "display": "fish, salt", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "the most populous areas are Lower Prince's Quarter (north of Philipsburg) and Cul de Sac", "display": "the most populous areas are Lower Prince's Quarter (north of Philipsburg) and Cul de Sac", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 46,738 (2025 est.) | male: 23,071 | female: 23,667", "display": "total: 46,738 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 46738.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.1% (2025 est.)", "display": "1.1% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.011000000000000001, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 100% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 1.16% annual rate of change (2020-25 est. est.)", "display": "urban population: 100% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "English (official) 67.5%, Spanish 12.9%, Creole 8.2%, Dutch (official) 4.2%, Papiamento (a Spanish-Portuguese-Dutch-English dialect) 2.2%, French 1.5%, other 3.5% (2001 est.)", "display": "English (official) 67.5%, Spanish 12.9%, Creole 8.2%, Dutch (official) 4.2%, Papiamento (a Spanish-Portuguese-Dutch-English dialect) 2.2%, French 1.5%, other 3.5% (2001 est.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2001 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Protestant 41.9% (Pentecostal 14.7%, Methodist 10.0%, Seventh Day Adventist 6.6%, Baptist 4.7%, Anglican 3.1%, other Protestant 2.8%), Roman Catholic 33.1%, Hindu 5.2%, Christian 4.1%, Jehovah's Witness 1.7%, Evangelical 1.4%, Muslim/Jewish 1.1%, other 1.3% (includes Buddhist, Sikh, Rastafarian), none 7.9%, no response 2.4% (2011 est.)", "display": "Protestant 41.9% (Pentecostal 14.7%, Methodist 10.0%, Seventh Day Adventist 6.6%, Baptist 4.7%, Anglican 3.1%, other Protestant 2.8%), Roman Catholic 33.1%, Hindu 5.2%, Christian…", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2011 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 79.7 years (2024 est.) | male: 77.4 years | female: 82.2 years", "display": "total population: 79.7 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 79.7, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 40.8 years (2025 est.) | male: 39 years | female: 42.8 years", "display": "total: 40.8 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1,327 PHILIPSBURG (capital) (2011)", "display": "1,327 PHILIPSBURG (capital) (2011)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2011 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Country of Sint Maarten | conventional short form: Sint Maarten | local long form: Land Sint Maarten (Dutch)/ Country of Sint Maarten (English) | local short form: Sint Maarten (Dutch and English) | former: Netherlands Antilles; Curacao and Dependencies | etymology: explorer Christopher COLUMBUS named the island in 1493 after Saint MARTIN of Tours because he visited on 11 November, the saint's feast day", "display": "conventional long form: Country of Sint Maarten", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Philipsburg | geographic coordinates: 18 1 N, 63 2 W | time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: founded and named in 1763 by John PHILIPS, a Scottish captain in the Dutch navy", "display": "name: Philipsburg", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy", "display": "parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "based on Dutch civil law system with some English common law influence", "display": "based on Dutch civil law system with some English common law influence", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: previous 1947, 1955; latest adopted 21 July 2010, entered into force 10 October 2010 (regulates governance of Sint Maarten but is subordinate to the Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands) | amendment process: proposals initiated by the Government or by Parliament; passage requires at least a two-thirds majority of the Parliament membership; passage of amendments relating to fundamental rights, authorities of the governor and of Parliament must include the \"views\" of the Kingdom of the Netherlands Government prior to ratification by Parliament", "display": "history: previous 1947, 1955; latest adopted 21 July 2010, entered into force 10 October 2010 (regulates governance of Sint Maarten but is subordinate to the Charter for the Kingd…", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1947 }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "Caricom (observer), ILO, Interpol, UNESCO (associate), UPU, WMO", "display": "Caricom (observer), ILO, Interpol, UNESCO (associate), UPU, WMO", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "high-income, tourism-based Dutch autonomous constituent economy; severe hurricane- and COVID-19-related economic recessions; multilateral trust fund helping offset economic downturn; no property taxation; re-exporter to Saint Martin", "display": "high-income, tourism-based Dutch autonomous constituent economy; severe hurricane- and COVID-19-related economic recessions; multilateral trust fund helping offset economic downtu…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$1.986 billion (2024 est.) | $1.919 billion (2023 est.) | $1.849 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$1.986 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 1.986, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$45,800 (2024 est.) | $44,900 (2023 est.) | $43,900 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$45,800 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 45800.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3.5% (2024 est.) | 3.8% (2023 est.) | 9.8% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "3.5% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.2% (2017 est.) | 0.1% (2016 est.) | 0.3% (2015 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "2.2% (2017 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.022000000000000002, "estimate_year": 2017 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "tourism, light industry", "display": "tourism, light industry", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "sugar", "display": "sugar", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "scrap iron, ships, jewelry, flavored water, liquor (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "scrap iron, ships, jewelry, flavored water, liquor (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "jewelry, refined petroleum, ships, pearl products, diamonds (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "jewelry, refined petroleum, ships, pearl products, diamonds (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 89.5% (2022)", "display": "percent of population: 89.5% (2022)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.895, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "1 (2025)", "display": "1 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 2 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 2 | very small: 0 | ports with oil terminals: 1 | key ports: Coles Bay Oil Terminal, Philipsburg", "display": "total ports: 2 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "scarcity of potable water; inadequate solid waste management; pollution from construction, chemical runoff, and sewage", "display": "scarcity of potable water; inadequate solid waste management; pollution from construction, chemical runoff, and sewage", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/sint-maarten.json" }, { "entity_id": "slovakia", "name": "Slovakia", "source_code": "SK", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Europe", "roadmap_country": "Slovakia", "coverage_region": "Europe", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 144, "published_fact_count": 49, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 5563649.0, "area_sq_km": 49035.0, "capital": "Bratislava", "government_type": "parliamentary republic", "life_expectancy_years": 77.2, "urban_population_percent": 54.0, "internet_users_percent": 90.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 40300.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": true }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Slovakia traces its roots to the 9th century state of Great Moravia. The Slovaks then became part of the Hungarian Kingdom, where they remained for the next 1,000 years. After the formation of the dual Austro-Hungarian monarchy in 1867, language and education policies favoring the use of Hungarian (known as \"Magyarization\") led to a public backlash that boosted Slovak nationalism and strengthened Slovak cultural ties with the closely related Czechs, who fell administratively under the Austrian half of the empire. When the Austro-Hungarian Empire dissolved at the end of World War I, the Slovaks joined the Czechs to form Czechoslovakia. During the interwar period, Slovak nationalist leaders pushed for autonomy within Czechoslovakia, and in 1939, in the wake of Germany's annexation of the Sudetenland, the newly established Slovak Republic became a German client state for the remainder of World War II. | After World War II, Czechoslovakia was reconstituted and came under communist rule within Soviet-dominated Eastern Europe. In 1968, Warsaw Pact troops invaded and ended the efforts of Czechoslovakia's leaders to liberalize communist rule and create \"socialism with a human face,\" ushering in a period of repression known as \"normalization.\" The peaceful Velvet Revolution swept the Communist Party from power at the end of 1989 and inaugurated a return to democratic rule and a market economy. On 1 January 1993, Czechoslovakia underwent a nonviolent \"velvet divorce\" into its two national components, Slovakia and the Czech Republic. Slovakia joined both NATO and the EU in 2004 and the euro zone in 2009.", "display": "Slovakia traces its roots to the 9th century state of Great Moravia. The Slovaks then became part of the Hungarian Kingdom, where they remained for the next 1,000 years. After the…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1939 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Central Europe, south of Poland", "display": "Central Europe, south of Poland", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Europe", "display": "Europe", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 49,035 sq km | land: 48,105 sq km | water: 930 sq km", "display": "total : 49,035 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 49035.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "0 km (landlocked)", "display": "0 km (landlocked)", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "rugged mountains in the central and northern part and lowlands in the south", "display": "rugged mountains in the central and northern part and lowlands in the south", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters", "display": "temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Gerlachovsky Stit 2,655 m | lowest point: Bodrok River 94 m | mean elevation: 458 m", "display": "highest point: Gerlachovsky Stit 2,655 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "flooding", "display": "flooding", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "lignite, small amounts of iron ore, copper and manganese ore; salt; arable land", "display": "lignite, small amounts of iron ore, copper and manganese ore; salt; arable land", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country; slightly larger concentration in the west in proximity to the Czech border", "display": "a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country; slightly larger concentration in the west in proximity to the Czech border", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 5,563,649 (2024 est.) | male: 2,684,747 | female: 2,878,902", "display": "total: 5,563,649 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 5563649.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "-0.07% (2025 est.)", "display": "-0.07% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": -0.0007000000000000001, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 54% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.17% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 54% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Slovak (official) 81.8%, Hungarian 8.5%, Roma 1.8%, other 2.2%, unspecified 5.7% (2021 est.) | major-language sample(s): | Svetova Kniha Faktov, nenahraditelny zdroj zakladnej informacie. (Slovak) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Slovak (official) 81.8%, Hungarian 8.5%, Roma 1.8%, other 2.2%, unspecified 5.7% (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Roman Catholic 55.8%, Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession 5.3%, Greek Catholic 4%, Reformed Christian 1.6%, other 3%, none 23.8%, unspecified 6.5% (2021 est.)", "display": "Roman Catholic 55.8%, Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession 5.3%, Greek Catholic 4%, Reformed Christian 1.6%, other 3%, none 23.8%, unspecified 6.5% (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 77.2 years (2024 est.) | male: 73.7 years | female: 81 years", "display": "total population: 77.2 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 77.2, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 43.1 years (2025 est.) | male: 41.3 years | female: 44.4 years", "display": "total: 43.1 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "441,000 BRATISLAVA (capital) (2023)", "display": "441,000 BRATISLAVA (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 15 years (2023 est.) | male: 15 years (2023 est.) | female: 16 years (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 15 years (2023 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Slovak Republic | conventional short form: Slovakia | local long form: Slovenska republika | local short form: Slovensko | etymology: the country takes its name from the local Slav ethnic group; the origin of the group's name is unclear, although early forms were used in Medieval Latin (Sclavus) and Byzantine Greek (Sklabos)", "display": "conventional long form: Slovak Republic", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Bratislava | geographic coordinates: 48 09 N, 17 07 E | time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October | etymology: the meaning is unclear but has medieval Slavic origins; the name was adopted in 1919 after Czechoslovakia gained its independence, replacing the name Prešporok", "display": "name: Bratislava", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1919 }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary republic", "display": "parliamentary republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law system based on Austro-Hungarian codes", "display": "civil law system based on Austro-Hungarian codes", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: several previous (pre-independence); latest passed by the National Council 1 September 1992, signed 3 September 1992, effective 1 October 1992 | amendment process: proposed by the National Council; passage requires at least three-fifths majority vote of Council members", "display": "history: several previous (pre-independence); latest passed by the National Council 1 September 1992, signed 3 September 1992, effective 1 October 1992", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1992 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "8 regions ( kraje , singular - kraj ); Banska Bystrica, Bratislava, Kosice, Nitra, Presov, Trencin, Trnava, Zilina", "display": "8 regions ( kraje , singular - kraj ); Banska Bystrica, Bratislava, Kosice, Nitra, Presov, Trencin, Trnava, Zilina", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS (observer), CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNIDO, UNOOSA, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC", "display": "Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS (observer), CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IF…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "high-income EU and eurozone economy; 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metal and metal products; electricity, gas, coke, oil, nuclear fuel; chemicals, synthetic fibers, wood and paper products; machinery; earthenware and ceramics; textiles; electrical and optical apparatus; rubber products; food and beverages; pharmaceutical", "display": "automobiles; metal and metal products; electricity, gas, coke, oil, nuclear fuel; chemicals, synthetic fibers, wood and paper products; machinery; earthenware and ceramics; textil…", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "wheat, sugar beets, maize, milk, barley, rapeseed, sunflower seeds, potatoes, soybeans, pork (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "wheat, sugar beets, maize, milk, barley, rapeseed, sunflower seeds, potatoes, soybeans, pork (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "cars, vehicle parts/accessories, video displays, broadcasting equipment, refined petroleum (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "cars, vehicle parts/accessories, video displays, broadcasting equipment, refined petroleum (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "vehicle parts/accessories, broadcasting equipment, cars, plastic products, insulated wire (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "vehicle parts/accessories, broadcasting equipment, cars, plastic products, insulated wire (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 90% (2024 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 90% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.9, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 1.83 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 33 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 1.83 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 1830000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 14.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | nuclear: 63.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 2.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 13.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 5.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 14.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "127.582 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "127.582 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "116 (2025)", "display": "116 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 3,627 km (2020) 1,585 km electrified", "display": "total: 3,627 km (2020) 1,585 km electrified", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "air pollution and acid rain; land erosion from agricultural and mining practices; water pollution", "display": "air pollution and acid rain; land erosion from agricultural and mining practices; water pollution", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "30.087 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 9.607 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 12.112 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 8.368 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "30.087 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "50.1 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "50.1 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 306.21 million cubic meters (2022) | industrial: 224.562 million cubic meters (2022) | agricultural: 32.851 million cubic meters (2022)", "display": "municipal: 306.21 million cubic meters (2022)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: Antarctic-Environmental Protection", "display": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/slovakia.json" }, { "entity_id": "slovenia", "name": "Slovenia", "source_code": "SI", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Europe", "roadmap_country": "Slovenia", "coverage_region": "Europe", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 148, "published_fact_count": 51, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 2097893.0, "area_sq_km": 20273.0, "capital": "Ljubljana", "government_type": "parliamentary republic", "life_expectancy_years": 82.2, "urban_population_percent": 56.1, "internet_users_percent": 90.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 48500.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "The Slovene lands were part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until the latter's dissolution at the end of World War I. In 1918, Slovenia became part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, which was renamed Yugoslavia in 1929. After World War II, Slovenia joined Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, and Serbia as one of the constituent republics in the new Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY). In 1990, Slovenia held its first multiparty elections, as well as a referendum on independence. Serbia responded with an economic blockade and military action, but after a short 10-day war, Slovenia declared independence in 1991. Slovenia acceded to both NATO and the EU in the spring of 2004; it joined the euro zone and the Schengen Area in 2007.", "display": "The Slovene lands were part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until the latter's dissolution at the end of World War I. In 1918, Slovenia became part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats,…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1918 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "south Central Europe, Julian Alps between Austria and Croatia", "display": "south Central Europe, Julian Alps between Austria and Croatia", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Europe", "display": "Europe", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 20,273 sq km | land: 20,151 sq km | water: 122 sq km", "display": "total : 20,273 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 20273.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "46.6 km", "display": "46.6 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "a short southwestern coastal strip of Karst topography on the Adriatic; an alpine mountain region lies adjacent to Italy and Austria in the north; mixed mountains and valleys with numerous rivers to the east", "display": "a short southwestern coastal strip of Karst topography on the Adriatic; an alpine mountain region lies adjacent to Italy and Austria in the north; mixed mountains and valleys with…", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Mediterranean climate on the coast, continental climate with mild to hot summers and cold winters in the plateaus and valleys to the east", "display": "Mediterranean climate on the coast, continental climate with mild to hot summers and cold winters in the plateaus and valleys to the east", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Triglav 2,864 m | lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m | mean elevation: 492 m", "display": "highest point: Triglav 2,864 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "flooding; earthquakes", "display": "flooding; earthquakes", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "lignite, lead, zinc, building stone, hydropower, forests", "display": "lignite, lead, zinc, building stone, hydropower, forests", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations; pockets in the mountainous northwest are less dense", "display": "a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations; pockets in the mountainous northwest are less dense", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 2,097,893 (2024 est.) | male: 1,051,044 | female: 1,046,849", "display": "total: 2,097,893 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 2097893.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "-0.16% (2025 est.)", "display": "-0.16% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": -0.0016, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 56.1% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.54% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 56.1% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Slovene (official) 87.7%, Croatian 2.8%, Serbo-Croatian 1.8%, Bosnian 1.6%, Serbian 1.6%, Hungarian 0.4% (official, only in municipalities where Hungarian nationals reside), Italian 0.2% (official, only in municipalities where Italian nationals reside), other or unspecified 3.9% (2002 est.) | major-language sample(s): | Svetovni informativni zvezek - neobhoden vir osnovnih informacij. (Slovene) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Slovene (official) 87.7%, Croatian 2.8%, Serbo-Croatian 1.8%, Bosnian 1.6%, Serbian 1.6%, Hungarian 0.4% (official, only in municipalities where Hungarian nationals reside), Itali…", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2002 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Catholic 69%, Orthodox 4%, Muslim 3%, Christian 1%, other 3%, atheist 14%, non-believer/agnostic 4%, refused to answer 2% (2019 est.)", "display": "Catholic 69%, Orthodox 4%, Muslim 3%, Christian 1%, other 3%, atheist 14%, non-believer/agnostic 4%, refused to answer 2% (2019 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2019 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 82.2 years (2024 est.) | male: 79.4 years | female: 85.2 years", "display": "total population: 82.2 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 82.2, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 46 years (2025 est.) | male: 45 years | female: 47.9 years", "display": "total: 46 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "286,000 LJUBLJANA (capital) (2018)", "display": "286,000 LJUBLJANA (capital) (2018)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 17 years (2023 est.) | male: 17 years (2023 est.) | female: 18 years (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 17 years (2023 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Slovenia | conventional short form: Slovenia | local long form: Republika Slovenija | local short form: Slovenija | former: People's Republic of Slovenia, Socialist Republic of Slovenia | etymology: the country's name means \"Land of the Slavs\" in Slovene; the origin of the Slav name is unclear, although early forms were used in Medieval Latin (Sclavus) and Byzantine Greek (Sklabos)", "display": "conventional long form: Republic of Slovenia", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Ljubljana | geographic coordinates: 46 03 N, 14 31 E | time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October | etymology: by tradition, the name is related to the Slovene word ljubljena , meaning \"beloved,\" but the origin is probably pre-Slavic and remains obscure", "display": "name: Ljubljana", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary republic", "display": "parliamentary republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law system", "display": "civil law system", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: previous 1974 (pre-independence); latest passed by Parliament 23 December 1991 | amendment process: proposed by at least 20 National Assembly members, by the government, or by petition of at least 30,000 voters; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly; referendum required if agreed upon by at least 30 Assembly members; passage in a referendum requires participation of a majority of eligible voters and a simple majority of votes cast", "display": "history: previous 1974 (pre-independence); latest passed by Parliament 23 December 1991", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1974 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "200 municipalities ( obcine , singular - obcina ) and 12 urban municipalities ( mestne obcine , singular - mestna obcina ) | municipalities: Ajdovscina, Ankaran, Apace, Beltinci, Benedikt, Bistrica ob Sotli, Bled, Bloke, Bohinj, Borovnica, Bovec, Braslovce, Brda, Brezice, Brezovica, Cankova, Cerklje na Gorenjskem, Cerknica, Cerkno, Cerkvenjak, Cirkulane, Crensovci, Crna na Koroskem, Crnomelj, Destrnik, Divaca, Dobje, Dobrepolje, Dobrna, Dobrova-Polhov Gradec, Dobrovnik/Dobronak, Dolenjske Toplice, Dol pri Ljubljani, Domzale, Dornava, Dravograd, Duplek, Gorenja Vas-Poljane, Gorisnica, Gorje, Gornja Radgona, Gornji Grad, Gornji Petrovci, Grad, Grosuplje, Hajdina, Hoce-Slivnica, Hodos, Horjul, Hrastnik, Hrpelje-Kozina, Idrija, Ig, Ilirska Bistrica, Ivancna Gorica, Izola/Isola, Jesenice, Jezersko, Jursinci, Kamnik, Kanal ob Soci, Kidricevo, Kobarid, Kobilje, Kocevje, Komen, Komenda, Kosanjevica na Krki, Kostel, Kozje, Kranjska Gora, Krizevci, Kungota, Kuzma, Lasko, Lenart, Lendava/Lendva, Litija, Ljubno, Ljutomer, Log-Dragomer, Logatec, Loska Dolina, Loski Potok, Lovrenc na Pohorju, Luce, Lukovica, Majsperk, Makole, Markovci, Medvode, Menges, Metlika, Mezica, Miklavz na Dravskem Polju, Miren-Kostanjevica, Mirna, Mirna Pec, Mislinja, Mokronog-Trebelno, Moravce, Moravske Toplice, Mozirje, Muta, Naklo, Nazarje, Odranci, Oplotnica, Ormoz, Osilnica, Pesnica, Piran/Pirano, Pivka, Podcetrtek, Podlehnik, Podvelka, Poljcane, Polzela, Postojna, Prebold, Preddvor, Prevalje, Puconci, Race-Fram, Radece, Radenci, Radlje ob Dravi, Radovljica, Ravne na Koroskem, Razkrizje, Recica ob Savinji, Rence-Vogrsko, Ribnica, Ribnica na Pohorju, Rogaska Slatina, Rogasovci, Rogatec, Ruse, Salovci, Selnica ob Dravi, Semic, Sempeter-Vrtojba, Sencur, Sentilj, Sentjernej, Sentjur, Sentrupert, Sevnica, Sezana, Skocjan, Skofja Loka, Skofljica, Slovenska Bistrica, Slovenske Konjice, Smarje pri Jelsah, Smarjeske Toplice, Smartno ob Paki, Smartno pri Litiji, Sodrazica, Solcava, Sostanj, Sredisce ob Dravi, Starse, Store, Straza, Sveta Ana, Sveta Trojica v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Andraz v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Jurij ob Scavnici, Sveti Jurij v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Tomaz, Tabor, Tisina, Tolmin, Trbovlje, Trebnje, Trnovska Vas, Trzic, Trzin, Turnisce, Velika Polana, Velike Lasce, Verzej, Videm, Vipava, Vitanje, Vodice, Vojnik, Vransko, Vrhnika, Vuzenica, Zagorje ob Savi, Zalec, Zavrc, Zelezniki, Zetale, Ziri, Zirovnica, Zrece, Zuzemberk | urban municipalities: Celje, Koper, Kranj, Krsko, Ljubljana, Maribor, Murska Sobota, Nova Gorica, Novo Mesto, Ptuj, Slovenj Gradec, Velenje", "display": "200 municipalities ( obcine , singular - obcina ) and 12 urban municipalities ( mestne obcine , singular - mestna obcina )", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": 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exports in automotive and pharmaceuticals; tight labor market with low unemployment; growth supported by private consumption and public investment, with risks from tight labor market and trade conditions; narrowing fiscal deficit and declining public debt", "display": "high-income EU and eurozone economy; high per-capita income and low inequality; key exports in automotive and pharmaceuticals; tight labor market with low unemployment; growth sup…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$103.118 billion (2024 est.) | $101.503 billion (2023 est.) | $99.403 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$103.118 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 103.118, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$48,500 (2024 est.) | $47,900 (2023 est.) | $47,100 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$48,500 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 48500.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "1.6% (2024 est.) | 2.1% (2023 est.) | 2.7% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "1.6% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2% (2024 est.) | 7.4% (2023 est.) | 8.8% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "2% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.02, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": 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"category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "milk, maize, wheat, barley, grapes, chicken, potatoes, beef, apples, pork (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "milk, maize, wheat, barley, grapes, chicken, potatoes, beef, apples, pork (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "packaged medicine, cars, refined petroleum, vehicle parts/accessories, plastic products (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "packaged medicine, cars, refined petroleum, vehicle parts/accessories, plastic products (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "nitrogen compounds, packaged medicine, refined petroleum, cars, vaccines (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "nitrogen compounds, packaged medicine, refined petroleum, cars, vaccines (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 90% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 90% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.9, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 683,000 (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 32 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 683,000 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 683000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 24.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | nuclear: 35.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 6.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 31.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 24.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "104.502 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "104.502 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "42 (2025)", "display": "42 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 2 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 1 | very small: 1 | ports with oil terminals: 0 | key ports: Koper, Piran", "display": "total ports: 2 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 1,207 km (2020) 609 km electrified", "display": "total: 1,207 km (2020) 609 km electrified", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 8 (2023) | by type: other 8", "display": "total: 8 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "air pollution from road traffic, domestic heating (wood burning), power generation, and industry; water pollution; biodiversity protection", "display": "air pollution from road traffic, domestic heating (wood burning), power generation, and industry; water pollution; biodiversity protection", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "10.772 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 2.706 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 6.521 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 1.545 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "10.772 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "31.87 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "31.87 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 179 million cubic meters (2022) | industrial: 645 million cubic meters (2022) | agricultural: 3.4 million cubic meters (2022)", "display": "municipal: 179 million cubic meters (2022)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/slovenia.json" }, { "entity_id": "solomon-islands", "name": "Solomon Islands", "source_code": "SB", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Oceania", "roadmap_country": "Solomon Islands", "coverage_region": "Oceania", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 129, "published_fact_count": 48, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 738774.0, "area_sq_km": 28896.0, "capital": "Honiara", "government_type": "parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm", "life_expectancy_years": 77.2, "urban_population_percent": 26.0, "internet_users_percent": 43.0, "electricity_access_percent": 76.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 2500.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Settlers from Papua arrived on the Solomon Islands around 30,000 years ago. About 6,000 years ago, Austronesian settlers came to the islands, and the two groups mixed extensively. Despite significant inter-island trade, no attempts were made to unite the islands into a single political entity. In 1568, a Spanish explorer became the first European to spot the islands. After a failed Spanish attempt at creating a permanent European settlement in the late 1500s, the Solomon Islands remained free of European contact until a British explorer arrived in 1767. European explorers and US and British whaling ships regularly visited the islands into the 1800s. | Germany declared a protectorate over the northern Solomon Islands in 1885, and the UK established a protectorate over the southern islands in 1893. In 1899, Germany transferred its islands to the UK in exchange for the UK relinquishing all claims in Samoa. In 1942, Japan invaded the islands, and the Guadalcanal Campaign (August 1942-February 1943) proved a turning point in the Pacific theater of WWII. The fighting destroyed large parts of the Solomon Islands, and a nationalist movement emerged near the end of the war. By 1960, the British allowed some local autonomy. The islands were granted self-government in 1976 and independence two years later under Prime Minister Sir Peter KENILOREA. | In 1999, longstanding tensions between ethnic Guale in Honiara and ethnic Malaitans in Honiara’s suburbs erupted in civil war, leading thousands of Malaitans to take refuge in Honiara and prompting Guale to flee the city. In 2000, newly elected Prime Minister Manasseh SOGAVARE focused on peace agreements and distributing resources equally among groups, but his actions bankrupted the government in 2001 and led to his ouster. In 2003, the Solomon Islands requested international assistance to reestablish law and order; the Australian-led Regional Assistance Mission to the Solomon Islands, which ended in 2017, improved the security situation. In 2006, however, riots broke out in Honiara, and the city’s Chinatown was burned amid allegations that the prime minister took money from China. SOGAVARE was reelected prime minister for a fourth time in 2019. When a small group of protestors, mostly from the island of Malaita, approached parliament to lodge a petition calling for SOGAVARE’s removal and more development in Malaita in 2021, police fired tear gas into the crowd which sparked rioting and looting in Honiara.", "display": "Settlers from Papua arrived on the Solomon Islands around 30,000 years ago. About 6,000 years ago, Austronesian settlers came to the islands, and the two groups mixed extensively.…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1942 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Papua New Guinea", "display": "Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Papua New Guinea", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Oceania", "display": "Oceania", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 28,896 sq km | land: 27,986 sq km | water: 910 sq km", "display": "total : 28,896 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 28896.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "5,313 km", "display": "5,313 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly rugged mountains with some low coral atolls", "display": "mostly rugged mountains with some low coral atolls", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical monsoon; few temperature and weather extremes", "display": "tropical monsoon; few temperature and weather extremes", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Mount Popomanaseu 2,335 m | lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m", "display": "highest point: Mount Popomanaseu 2,335 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical cyclones, but rarely destructive; geologically active region with frequent earthquakes, tremors, and volcanic activity; tsunamis | volcanism: Tinakula (851 m) has frequent eruption activity, and an eruption of Savo (485 m) could affect the capital Honiara on nearby Guadalcanal", "display": "tropical cyclones, but rarely destructive; geologically active region with frequent earthquakes, tremors, and volcanic activity; tsunamis", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "fish, forests, gold, bauxite, phosphates, lead, zinc, nickel", "display": "fish, forests, gold, bauxite, phosphates, lead, zinc, nickel", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "most of the population lives along the coastal regions; about one in five live in urban areas, and of these about two thirds reside in Honiara, the largest town and chief port", "display": "most of the population lives along the coastal regions; about one in five live in urban areas, and of these about two thirds reside in Honiara, the largest town and chief port", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 738,774 (2025 est.) | male: 377,067 | female: 361,707", "display": "total: 738,774 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 738774.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.62% (2025 est.)", "display": "1.62% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.016200000000000003, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 26% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 3.57% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 26% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Melanesian pidgin (lingua franca in much of the country), English (official but spoken by only 1%-2% of the population), 120 indigenous languages", "display": "Melanesian pidgin (lingua franca in much of the country), English (official but spoken by only 1%-2% of the population), 120 indigenous languages", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Protestant 73.4% (Church of Melanesia 31.9%, South Sea Evangelical 17.1%, Seventh Day Adventist 11.7%, United Church 10.1%, Christian Fellowship Church 2.5%), Roman Catholic 19.6%, other Christian 2.9%, other 4%, unspecified 0.1% (2009 est.)", "display": "Protestant 73.4% (Church of Melanesia 31.9%, South Sea Evangelical 17.1%, Seventh Day Adventist 11.7%, United Church 10.1%, Christian Fellowship Church 2.5%), Roman Catholic 19.6%…", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2009 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 77.2 years (2024 est.) | male: 74.6 years | female: 80 years", "display": "total population: 77.2 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 77.2, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 25.5 years (2025 est.) | male: 25 years | female: 25.4 years", "display": "total: 25.5 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "82,000 HONIARA (capital) (2018)", "display": "82,000 HONIARA (capital) (2018)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": 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"Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm", "display": "parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "mixed system of English common law and customary law", "display": "mixed system of English common law and customary law", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: adopted 31 May 1978, effective 7 July 1978 | amendment process: proposed by the National Parliament; passage of constitutional sections, including those on fundamental rights and freedoms, the legal system, Parliament, alteration of the constitution and the ombudsman, requires three-fourths majority vote by Parliament and assent of the governor general; passage of other amendments requires two-thirds majority vote and assent of the governor general", "display": "history: adopted 31 May 1978, effective 7 July 1978", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1978 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "9 provinces and 1 city*; Central, Choiseul, Guadalcanal, Honiara*, Isabel, Makira and Ulawa, Malaita, Rennell and Bellona, Temotu, Western", "display": "9 provinces and 1 city*; Central, Choiseul, Guadalcanal, Honiara*, Isabel, Makira and Ulawa, Malaita, Rennell and Bellona, Temotu, Western", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACP, ADB, AOSIS, C, EITI (candidate country), ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IOC, ITU, MIGA, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ACP, ADB, AOSIS, C, EITI (candidate country), ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IOC, ITU, MIGA, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESC…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "lower middle-income Pacific island economy; natural resource rich but environmentally fragile; key agrarian sector; growing Chinese economic relationship; infrastructure damage due to social unrest; metal mining operations", "display": "lower middle-income Pacific island economy; natural resource rich but environmentally fragile; key agrarian sector; growing Chinese economic relationship; infrastructure damage du…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$2.07 billion (2024 est.) | $2.019 billion (2023 est.) | $1.967 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$2.07 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 2.07, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$2,500 (2024 est.) | $2,500 (2023 est.) | $2,500 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$2,500 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 2500.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.5% (2024 est.) | 2.7% (2023 est.) | 2.4% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "2.5% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "5.9% (2023 est.) | 5.5% (2022 est.) | -0.1% (2021 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "5.9% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.059000000000000004, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "1.5% (2024 est.) | 1.5% (2023 est.) | 1.5% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "1.5% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.015, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "fish (tuna), mining, timber", "display": "fish (tuna), mining, timber", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "oil palm fruit, coconuts, sweet potatoes, yams, taro, fruits, pulses, vegetables, cocoa beans, cassava (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "oil palm fruit, coconuts, sweet potatoes, yams, taro, fruits, pulses, vegetables, cocoa beans, cassava (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "wood, fish, gold, precious metal ore, palm oil (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "wood, fish, gold, precious metal ore, palm oil (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, plastic products, fish, broadcasting equipment, iron structures (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, plastic products, fish, broadcasting equipment, iron structures (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 43% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 43% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.43, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 1,000 (2022 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2022 est.) less than 1", "display": "total: 1,000 (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 1000.0, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 76% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 79% | electrification - rural areas: 75.4%", "display": "electrification - total population: 76% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 90.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 5.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 0.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 3.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 90.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "5.655 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "5.655 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "36 (2025)", "display": "36 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 6 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 2 | very small: 4 | ports with oil terminals: 1 | key ports: Gizo Harbor, Honiara, Port Noro, Ringgi Cove, Tulaghi, Yandina", "display": "total ports: 6 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 25 (2023) | by type: general cargo 8, oil tanker 1, other 16", "display": "total: 25 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "deforestation; soil erosion; damage to coral reefs", "display": "deforestation; soil erosion; damage to coral reefs", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "318,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 318,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "318,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "44.7 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "44.7 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Law of the…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/solomon-islands.json" }, { "entity_id": "somalia", "name": "Somalia", "source_code": "SO", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Africa", "roadmap_country": "Somalia", "coverage_region": "Africa", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 135, "published_fact_count": 50, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 20324160.0, "area_sq_km": 637657.0, "capital": "Mogadishu", "government_type": "federal parliamentary republic", "life_expectancy_years": 56.5, "urban_population_percent": 47.9, "internet_users_percent": 28.000000000000004, "electricity_access_percent": 48.9, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 1400.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Between A.D. 800 and 1100, immigrant Muslim Arabs and Persians set up coastal trading posts along the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean, solidifying present-day Somalia’s close trading relationship with the Arab Peninsula. In the late 19th century, Britain, France, and Italy established colonies in the Somali Peninsula that lasted until 1960, when British Somaliland gained independence and joined with Italian Somaliland to form the Republic of Somalia. | The country functioned as a parliamentary democracy until 1969, when General Mohamed SIAD Barre took control in a coup, beginning a 22-year socialist dictatorship. In an effort to centralize power, SIAD called for the eradication of the clan, the key cultural and social organizing principle in Somali society. Resistance to SIAD’s socialist leadership, which was causing a rapid deterioration of the country, prompted allied clan militias to overthrow SIAD in 1991, resulting in state collapse. Subsequent fighting between rival clans for resources and territory overwhelmed the country, causing a manmade famine and prompting international intervention. Beginning in 1993, the UN spearheaded an international humanitarian mission, but the international community largely withdrew by 1995 after an incident that became known as Black Hawk Down, in which two US military helicopters were shot down in Mogadishu. The fighting and subsequent siege and rescue resulted in 21 deaths and 82 wounded among the international forces. | International peace conferences in the 2000s resulted in a number of transitional governments that operated outside Somalia. Left largely to themselves, Somalis in the country established alternative governance structures; some areas formed their own administrations, such as Somaliland and Puntland, while others developed localized institutions. Many local populations turned to sharia courts, an Islamic judicial system that implements religious law. Several of these courts came together in 2006 to form the Islamic Courts Union (ICU). The ICU established order in many areas of central and southern Somalia, including Mogadishu, but was forced out when Ethiopia intervened militarily in 2006 on behalf of the Somali Transitional Federal Government (TFG). As the TFG settled in the capital, the ICU fled to rural areas or left Somalia altogether, but the organization reemerged less than a year later as the Islamic insurgent and terrorist movement al-Shabaab, which is still active today. | In 2007, the African Union (AU) established a peacekeeping force, took over security responsibility for the country, and gave the TFG space to develop Somalia’s new government. By 2012, Somali powerbrokers agreed on a provisional constitution with a loose federal structure and established a central government in Mogadishu called the Somali Federal Government (SFG). Since then, the country has seen several interim regional administrations and three presidential elections, but significant governance and security problems remain because al-Shabaab still controls large portions of the country.", "display": "Between A.D. 800 and 1100, immigrant Muslim Arabs and Persians set up coastal trading posts along the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean, solidifying present-day Somalia’s close tr…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1960 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Eastern Africa, bordering the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean, east of Ethiopia", "display": "Eastern Africa, bordering the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean, east of Ethiopia", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Africa", "display": "Africa", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 637,657 sq km | land: 627,337 sq km | water: 10,320 sq km", "display": "total : 637,657 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 637657.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "3,025 km", "display": "3,025 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly flat to undulating plateau rising to hills in north", "display": "mostly flat to undulating plateau rising to hills in north", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "principally desert; northeast monsoon (December to February), moderate temperatures in north and hot in south; southwest monsoon (May to October), torrid in the north and hot in the south, irregular rainfall, hot and humid periods (tangambili) between monsoons", "display": "principally desert; northeast monsoon (December to February), moderate temperatures in north and hot in south; southwest monsoon (May to October), torrid in the north and hot in t…", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Mount Shimbiris 2,460 m | lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m | mean elevation: 410 m", "display": "highest point: Mount Shimbiris 2,460 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "recurring droughts; frequent dust storms over eastern plains in summer; floods during rainy season", "display": "recurring droughts; frequent dust storms over eastern plains in summer; floods during rainy season", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "uranium and largely unexploited reserves of iron ore, tin, gypsum, bauxite, copper, salt, natural gas, likely oil reserves", "display": "uranium and largely unexploited reserves of iron ore, tin, gypsum, bauxite, copper, salt, natural gas, likely oil reserves", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "distribution varies greatly throughout the country; least densely populated areas are in the northeast and central regions, as well as areas along the Kenyan border; most populated areas are in and around the cities of Mogadishu, Marka, Boorama, Hargeysa, and Baidoa, as shown on this population distribution map", "display": "distribution varies greatly throughout the country; least densely populated areas are in the northeast and central regions, as well as areas along the Kenyan border; most populate…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 20,324,160 (2025 est.) | male: 10,170,863 | female: 10,153,297", "display": "total: 20,324,160 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 20324160.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "3.32% (2025 est.)", "display": "3.32% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0332, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 47.9% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 4.2% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 47.9% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Somali (official), Arabic (official), Italian, English | major-language sample(s): | Buugga Xaqiiqda Aduunka, waa laga maarmaanka macluumaadka assasiga. (Somali) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Somali (official), Arabic (official), Italian, English", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Muslim 99.9% (Sunni Muslim 98.1%, Shia Muslim 1.2%, Islamic schismatic 0.6%), ethnic religionist 0.1% (2020 est.)", "display": "Muslim 99.9% (Sunni Muslim 98.1%, Shia Muslim 1.2%, Islamic schismatic 0.6%), ethnic religionist 0.1% (2020 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 56.5 years (2024 est.) | male: 54.1 years | female: 59 years", "display": "total population: 56.5 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 56.5, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 15.7 years (2025 est.) | male: 19.3 years | female: 18.9 years", "display": "total: 15.7 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "2.610 million MOGADISHU (capital), 1.127 million Hargeysa (2023)", "display": "2.610 million MOGADISHU (capital), 1.127 million Hargeysa (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 54.1% (2022 est.) | male: 64.5% (2022 est.) | female: 43.9% (2022 est.)", "display": "total population: 54.1% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Federal Republic of Somalia | conventional short form: Somalia | local long form: Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya (Somali)/ Jumhuriyat as Sumal al Fidiraliyah (Arabic) | local short form: Soomaaliya (Somali)/ As Sumal (Arabic) | former: British Somaliland, Italian Somaliland, Somali Republic, Somali Democratic Republic | etymology: the name means \"Land of the Somali,\" a local ethnic group; the origin of the group's name is unclear but may come from 1) a Cushitic word meaning \"dark,\" 2) the local phrase soo mal , meaning \"go and milk\" (referring to offering guests milk), 3) the name of a local chief, or 4) the Arabic zamla , meaning \"cattle\"", "display": "conventional long form: Federal Republic of Somalia", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Mogadishu | geographic coordinates: 2 04 N, 45 20 E | time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: the name is probably derived from the Arabic word mukaddas , meaning \"holy\"", "display": "name: Mogadishu", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "federal parliamentary republic", "display": "federal parliamentary republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "mixed system of civil law, Islamic (sharia) law, and customary law (referred to as Xeer)", "display": "mixed system of civil law, Islamic (sharia) law, and customary law (referred to as Xeer)", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: previous 1961, 1979; latest drafted 12 June 2012, adopted 1 August 2012 | amendment process: proposed by the federal government, by members of the state governments, the Federal Parliament, or by public petition; proposals require review by a joint committee of Parliament with inclusion of public comments and state legislatures’ comments; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote in both houses of Parliament and approval by a majority of votes cast in a referendum; constitutional clauses on Islamic principles, the federal system, human rights and freedoms, powers and authorities of the government branches, and inclusion of women in national institutions cannot be amended", "display": "history: previous 1961, 1979; latest drafted 12 June 2012, adopted 1 August 2012", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1961 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "18 regions ( gobollo , singular - gobol ); Awdal, Bakool, Banaadir, Bari, Bay, Galguduud, Gedo, Hiiraan, Jubbada Dhexe (Middle Jubba), Jubbada Hoose (Lower Jubba), Mudug, Nugaal, Sanaag, Shabeellaha Dhexe (Middle Shabeelle), Shabeellaha Hoose (Lower Shabeelle), Sool, Togdheer, Woqooyi Galbeed", "display": "18 regions ( gobollo , singular - gobol ); Awdal, Bakool, Banaadir, Bari, Bay, Galguduud, Gedo, Hiiraan, Jubbada Dhexe (Middle Jubba), Jubbada Hoose (Lower Jubba), Mudug, Nugaal,…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AU, CAEU (candidate), EAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, LAS, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OPCW (signatory), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNHRC, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO", "display": "ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AU, CAEU (candidate), EAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, LAS, NAM, OIC,…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "low-income African Horn economy; 30 years of war and instability crippled economic potential; high remittances for basic survival; new fiscal federalism approach; cleared some unsustainable debt; environmentally fragile; digitally driven urbanization efforts", "display": "low-income African Horn economy; 30 years of war and instability crippled economic potential; high remittances for basic survival; new fiscal federalism approach; cleared some uns…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$26.77 billion (2024 est.) | $25.747 billion (2023 est.) | $24.706 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$26.77 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 26.77, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$1,400 (2024 est.) | $1,400 (2023 est.) | $1,400 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$1,400 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 1400.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "4% (2024 est.) | 4.2% (2023 est.) | 2.7% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "4% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "6.8% (2022 est.) | 4.6% (2021 est.) | 4.3% (2020 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "6.8% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.068, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "18.9% (2024 est.) | 19% (2023 est.) | 19.1% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "18.9% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.18899999999999997, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "light industries, including sugar refining, textiles, wireless communication", "display": "light industries, including sugar refining, textiles, wireless communication", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "camel milk, milk, goat milk, sheep milk, sugarcane, fruits, sorghum, cassava, vegetables, maize (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "camel milk, milk, goat milk, sheep milk, sugarcane, fruits, sorghum, cassava, vegetables, maize (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "sheep and goats, gold, postage stamps/documents, other animals, cattle (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "sheep and goats, gold, postage stamps/documents, other animals, cattle (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "raw sugar, tobacco, broadcasting equipment, rice, milk (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "raw sugar, tobacco, broadcasting equipment, rice, milk (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 28% (2022 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 28% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.28, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 119,000 (2022 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1 (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 119,000 (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 119000.0, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 48.9% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 76.7% | electrification - rural areas: 30.6%", "display": "electrification - total population: 48.9% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 82.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 16% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 1.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 82.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "649,000 Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "649,000 Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "40 (2025)", "display": "40 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 6 (2024) | large: 1 | medium: 0 | small: 2 | very small: 3 | ports with oil terminals: 2 | key ports: Baraawe, Berbera, Boosaaso, Kismaayo, Marka, Muqdisho", "display": "total ports: 6 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 4 (2023) | by type: general cargo 1, other 3", "display": "total: 4 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "water scarcity; contaminated water; improper waste disposal; deforestation; land degradation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification", "display": "water scarcity; contaminated water; improper waste disposal; deforestation; land degradation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "838,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 10 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 838,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "838,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "14.7 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "14.7 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 15 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 2 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 3.281 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 15 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection | signed, but not ratified: Nuclear Test Ban", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/somalia.json" }, { "entity_id": "south-africa", "name": "South Africa", "source_code": "ZA", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Africa", "roadmap_country": "South Africa", "coverage_region": "Africa", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 155, "published_fact_count": 52, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 61089926.0, "area_sq_km": 1219090.0, "capital": "Pretoria (administrative capital); Cape Town (legislative capital); Bloemfontein (judicial capital)", "government_type": "parliamentary republic", "life_expectancy_years": 71.9, "urban_population_percent": 68.8, 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By about A.D. 500, Bantu-speaking groups began settling into what is now northeastern South Africa, displacing Khoisan-speaking groups to the southwest. Dutch traders landed at the southern tip of present-day South Africa in 1652 and established a stopover point on the spice route between the Netherlands and the Far East, founding the city of Cape Town. After the British seized the Cape of Good Hope area in 1806, many settlers of Dutch descent -- known then as \"Boers,\" or farmers, but later called Afrikaners -- trekked north to found their own republics, Transvaal and Orange Free State. In the 1820s, several decades of wars began as the Zulus expanded their territory, moving out of what is today southeastern South Africa and clashing with other indigenous peoples and the growing European settlements. The discovery of diamonds (1867) and gold (1886) spurred mass immigration, predominantly from Europe. | The Zulu kingdom's territory was incorporated into the British Empire after the Anglo-Zulu War in 1879, and the Afrikaner republics were incorporated after their defeat in the Second South African War (1899-1902). Beginning in 1910, the British and the Afrikaners ruled together under the Union of South Africa, which left the British Commonwealth to become a fully self-governing republic in 1961 after a Whites-only referendum. In 1948, the National Party was voted into power and instituted a policy of apartheid -– billed as \"separate development\" of the races -- which favored the White minority and suppressed the Black majority and other non-White groups. The African National Congress (ANC) led the resistance to apartheid, and many top ANC leaders such as Nelson MANDELA spent decades in South Africa's prisons. Internal protests and insurgency, as well as boycotts from some Western nations and institutions, led to the regime's eventual willingness to unban the ANC and negotiate a peaceful transition to majority rule. | The first multi-racial elections in 1994 ushered in majority rule under an ANC-led government. South Africa has since struggled to address apartheid-era imbalances in wealth, housing, education, and health care under successive administrations. President Cyril RAMAPHOSA, who was reelected as the ANC leader in 2022, has made some progress in reigning in corruption.", "display": "Some of the earliest human remains in the fossil record were found in South Africa. By about A.D. 500, Bantu-speaking groups began settling into what is now northeastern South Afr…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1902 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southern Africa, at the southern tip of the continent of Africa", "display": "Southern Africa, at the southern tip of the continent of Africa", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Africa", "display": "Africa", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 1,219,090 sq km | land: 1,214,470 sq km | water: 4,620 sq km | note: includes Prince Edward Islands (Marion Island and Prince Edward Island)", "display": "total : 1,219,090 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 1219090.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "2,798 km", "display": "2,798 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "vast interior plateau rimmed by rugged hills and narrow coastal plain", "display": "vast interior plateau rimmed by rugged hills and narrow coastal plain", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly semiarid; subtropical along east coast; sunny days, cool nights", "display": "mostly semiarid; subtropical along east coast; sunny days, cool nights", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Ntheledi (Mafadi) 3,450 m | lowest point: Atlantic/Indian Oceans 0 m | mean elevation: 1,034 m", "display": "highest point: Ntheledi (Mafadi) 3,450 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "prolonged droughts | volcanism: the volcano that formed Marion Island in the Prince Edward Islands is South Africa's only active volcano", "display": "prolonged droughts", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "gold, chromium, antimony, coal, iron ore, manganese, nickel, phosphates, tin, rare earth elements, uranium, gem diamonds, platinum, copper, vanadium, salt, natural gas | note: South Africa was the World's leading chromite ore producer in 2022 with an output of 18,000 mt", "display": "gold, chromium, antimony, coal, iron ore, manganese, nickel, phosphates, tin, rare earth elements, uranium, gem diamonds, platinum, copper, vanadium, salt, natural gas", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "the population is concentrated along the southern and southeastern coast, and inland around Pretoria; the eastern half of the country is more densely populated than the west, as shown in this population distribution map", "display": "the population is concentrated along the southern and southeastern coast, and inland around Pretoria; the eastern half of the country is more densely populated than the west, as s…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 61,089,926 (2025 est.) | male: 29,989,969 | female: 31,099,957", "display": "total: 61,089,926 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 61089926.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.06% (2025 est.)", "display": "1.06% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0106, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 68.8% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 1.72% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 68.8% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "isiZulu or Zulu (official) 25.3%, isiXhosa or Xhosa (official) 14.8%, Afrikaans (official) 12.2%, Sepedi or Pedi (official) 10.1%, Setswana or Tswana (official) 9.1%, English (official) 8.1%, Sesotho or Sotho (official) 7.9%, Xitsonga or Tsonga (official) 3.6%, siSwati or Swati (official) 2.8%, Tshivenda or Venda (official) 2.5%, isiNdebele or Ndebele (official) 1.6%, other (includes South African sign language (official) and Khoi or Khoisan or Khoe languages) 2% (2018 est.) | major-language sample(s): | Die Wereld Feite Boek, n’ onontbeerlike bron vir basiese informasie. (Afrikaans) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. (English) | note: data represent language spoken most often at home", "display": "isiZulu or Zulu (official) 25.3%, isiXhosa or Xhosa (official) 14.8%, Afrikaans (official) 12.2%, Sepedi or Pedi (official) 10.1%, Setswana or Tswana (official) 9.1%, English (off…", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Christian 86%, ancestral, tribal, animist, or other traditional African religions 5.4%, Muslim 1.9%, other 1.5%, nothing in particular 5.2% (2015 est.)", "display": "Christian 86%, ancestral, tribal, animist, or other traditional African religions 5.4%, Muslim 1.9%, other 1.5%, nothing in particular 5.2% (2015 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2015 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 71.9 years (2024 est.) | male: 70.3 years | female: 73.5 years", "display": "total population: 71.9 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 71.9, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 30.7 years (2025 est.) | male: 30.1 years | female: 30.6 years", "display": "total: 30.7 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "10.316 million Johannesburg (includes Ekurhuleni), 4.890 million Cape Town (legislative capital), 3.228 million Durban, 2.818 million PRETORIA (administrative capital), 1.296 million Port Elizabeth, 934,000 West Rand (2023)", "display": "10.316 million Johannesburg (includes Ekurhuleni), 4.890 million Cape Town (legislative capital), 3.228 million Durban, 2.818 million PRETORIA (administrative capital), 1.296 mill…", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 91.2% (2024 est.) | male: 91.5% (2024 est.) | female: 90.8% (2024 est.)", "display": "total population: 91.2% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 14 years (2022 est.) | male: 14 years (2022 est.) | female: 14 years (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 14 years (2022 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of South Africa | conventional short form: South Africa | former: Union of South Africa | abbreviation: RSA | etymology: self-descriptive name from the country's location on the continent; \"Africa\" is derived from the Roman designation of the area corresponding to present-day Tunisia \"Africa terra,\" which meant \"Land of the Afri\" (the tribe resident in that area), but which eventually came to mean the entire continent", "display": "conventional long form: Republic of South Africa", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Pretoria (administrative capital); Cape Town (legislative capital); Bloemfontein (judicial capital) | geographic coordinates: 25 42 S, 28 13 E | time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: Pretoria was named in honor of Boer statesman Andries PRETORIUS in 1855; Cape Town's name refers to its location on the Cape of Good Hope; Bloemfontein was named after the farm on which it was built in 1846, whose name combined the Dutch words bloem (flower) and fontein (fountain)", "display": "name: Pretoria (administrative capital); Cape Town (legislative capital); Bloemfontein (judicial capital)", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary republic", "display": "parliamentary republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "mixed system of Roman-Dutch civil law, English common law, and 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"value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "sugarcane, maize, milk, soybeans, potatoes, wheat, grapes, chicken, oranges, apples (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "sugarcane, maize, milk, soybeans, potatoes, wheat, grapes, chicken, oranges, apples (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "gold, platinum, coal, cars, iron ore (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "gold, platinum, coal, cars, iron ore (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, crude petroleum, gold, cars, broadcasting equipment (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, crude petroleum, gold, cars, broadcasting equipment (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 76% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 76% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.76, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 2.15 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 3 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 2.15 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 2150000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 86.5% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 87.1% | electrification - rural areas: 93.4%", "display": "electrification - total population: 86.5% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 87.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | nuclear: 3.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 2.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 5.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 0.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 87.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "86.197 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "86.197 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "573 (2025)", "display": "573 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 8 (2024) | large: 2 | medium: 4 | small: 1 | very small: 1 | ports with oil terminals: 7 | key ports: Cape Town, Durban, Mossel Bay, Port Elizabeth, 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"content": "limited freshwater resources due to lack of major rivers or lakes; pollution of rivers from agricultural runoff and urban waste; air pollution resulting in acid rain; deforestation; soil erosion; land degradation; desertification; solid waste pollution; significant floral extinctions", "display": "limited freshwater resources due to lack of major rivers or lakes; pollution of rivers from agricultural runoff and urban waste; air pollution resulting in acid rain; deforestatio…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "446.704 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 365.269 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 73.913 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 7.522 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "446.704 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "51.35 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "51.35 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 3.476 billion cubic meters (2022) | industrial: 4.616 billion cubic meters (2022) | agricultural: 11.839 billion cubic meters (2022)", "display": "municipal: 3.476 billion cubic meters (2022)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Cl…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/south-africa.json" }, { "entity_id": "south-georgia-and-the-south-sandwich-islands", "name": "South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands", "source_code": "GS", "source_entity_class": "dependency-or-territory", "source_region": "Antarctic Region", "roadmap_country": null, "coverage_region": null, "roadmap_status": "additional", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 31, "published_fact_count": 16, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": null, "area_sq_km": 3903.0, "capital": null, "government_type": null, "life_expectancy_years": null, "urban_population_percent": null, "internet_users_percent": null, "electricity_access_percent": null, "gdp_per_capita_usd": null, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": null, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands lie approximately 1,000 km east of the Falkland Islands and have been under British administration since 1908 -- except for a brief period in 1982 when Argentina occupied them. Grytviken, on South Georgia, was a 19th- and early 20th-century whaling station. Famed explorer Ernest SHACKLETON stopped there in 1914 en route to his ill-fated attempt to cross Antarctica on foot. He returned some 20 months later with a few companions in a small boat and arranged a successful rescue for the rest of his crew, which was stranded off the Antarctic Peninsula. He died in 1922 on a subsequent expedition and is buried in Grytviken. Today, the station houses scientists from the British Antarctic Survey. Recognizing the importance of preserving the marine stocks in adjacent waters, the UK extended the exclusive fishing zone in 1993, from 12 nm to 200 nm around each island.", "display": "South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands lie approximately 1,000 km east of the Falkland Islands and have been under British administration since 1908 -- except for a brief pe…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1908 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of the tip of South America", "display": "Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of the tip of South America", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Antarctic Region", "display": "Antarctic Region", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 3,903 sq km | land: 3,903 sq km | water: 0 sq km | note: includes Shag Rocks, Black Rock, Clerke Rocks, South Georgia Island, Bird Island, and the South Sandwich Islands, which consist of 11 islands", "display": "total : 3,903 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 3903.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "NA", "display": "NA", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "most of the islands are rugged and mountainous rising steeply from the sea; South Georgia is largely barren with steep, glacier-covered mountains; the South Sandwich Islands are of volcanic origin with some active volcanoes", "display": "most of the islands are rugged and mountainous rising steeply from the sea; South Georgia is largely barren with steep, glacier-covered mountains; the South Sandwich Islands are o…", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "variable, with mostly westerly winds throughout the year interspersed with periods of calm; nearly all precipitation falls as snow", "display": "variable, with mostly westerly winds throughout the year interspersed with periods of calm; nearly all precipitation falls as snow", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Mount Paget (South Georgia) 2,934 m | lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m", "display": "highest point: Mount Paget (South Georgia) 2,934 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "the South Sandwich Islands have prevailing weather conditions that generally make them difficult to approach by ship; they are also subject to active volcanism", "display": "the South Sandwich Islands have prevailing weather conditions that generally make them difficult to approach by ship; they are also subject to active volcanism", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "fish", "display": "fish", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: no permanent inhabitants", "display": "total: no permanent inhabitants", "source_field": "Population", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands | conventional short form: South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands | abbreviation: SGSSI | etymology: Captain James COOK originally named it \"the Isle of Georgia\" in 1775 in honor of British King GEORGE III; the word \"South\" was later added to distinguish these islands from the other Sandwich Islands, now known as the Hawaiian Islands", "display": "conventional long form: South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "the laws of the UK apply", "display": "the laws of the UK apply", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "UPU", "display": "UPU", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 3 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 0 | very small: 3 | ports with oil terminals: 1 | key ports: Grytviken, Prince Olav Harbor, Stromness Harbor", "display": "total ports: 3 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "damage to native wildlife from imported animals", "display": "damage to native wildlife from imported animals", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/south-georgia-and-the-south-sandwich-islands.json" }, { "entity_id": "south-sudan", "name": "South Sudan", "source_code": "SS", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Africa", "roadmap_country": "South Sudan", "coverage_region": "Africa", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 130, "published_fact_count": 45, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 12703714.0, "area_sq_km": 644329.0, "capital": "Juba", "government_type": "presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 60.3, "urban_population_percent": 21.2, "internet_users_percent": 9.0, "electricity_access_percent": 8.4, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 400.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2023, "landlocked": true }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "South Sudan, which gained independence from Sudan in 2011, is the world’s newest country. Home to a diverse array of mainly Nilotic ethnolinguistic groups that settled in the territory in the 15th through 19th centuries, South Sudanese society is heavily dependent on seasonal migration and seasonal fluctuations in precipitation. Modern-day South Sudan was conquered first by Egypt and later ruled jointly by Egyptian-British colonial administrators in the late 19th century. Christian missionaries helped spread the English language and Christianity in the area, leading to significant cultural differences with the northern part of Sudan, where Arabic and Islam are dominant. When Sudan gained its independence in 1956, the southern region received assurances that it would participate fully in the political system. However, the Arab government in Khartoum reneged on its promises, prompting two periods of civil war (1955-1972 and 1983-2005) in which as many as 2.5 million people died -- mostly civilians -- due largely to starvation and drought. The second Sudanese civil war was one of the deadliest since WWII and left southern Sudanese society devastated. Peace talks resulted in a US-backed Comprehensive Peace Agreement in 2005, which granted the South six years of autonomy followed by a referendum on final status. The result of this referendum, held in 2011, was a vote of 98% in favor of secession. | Since independence, South Sudan has struggled to form a viable governing system and has been plagued by widespread corruption, political conflict, and communal violence. In 2013, conflict erupted between forces loyal to President Salva KIIR, a Dinka, and forces loyal to Vice President Riek MACHAR, a Nuer. The conflict quickly spread through the country along ethnic lines, killing tens of thousands and creating a humanitarian crisis with millions of South Sudanese displaced. KIIR and MACHAR signed a peace agreement in 2015 that created a Transitional Government of National Unity the next year. However, renewed fighting broke out in Juba between KIIR and MACHAR’s forces, plunging the country back into conflict and drawing in additional armed opposition groups. A \"revitalized\" peace agreement was signed in 2018, mostly ending the fighting and laying the groundwork for a unified national army, a transitional government, and elections. The transitional government was formed in 2020, when MACHAR returned to Juba as first vice president. Since 2020, implementation of the peace agreement has been stalled amid wrangling over power-sharing, which has contributed to an uptick in communal violence and the country’s worst food crisis since independence, with 7 of 11 million South Sudanese citizens in need of humanitarian assistance. The transitional period was extended an additional two years in 2022, pushing elections to late 2024.", "display": "South Sudan, which gained independence from Sudan in 2011, is the world’s newest country. Home to a diverse array of mainly Nilotic ethnolinguistic groups that settled in the terr…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2011 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "East-Central Africa; south of Sudan, north of Uganda and Kenya, west of Ethiopia", "display": "East-Central Africa; south of Sudan, north of Uganda and Kenya, west of Ethiopia", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Africa", "display": "Africa", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 644,329 sq km | land: NA | water: NA", "display": "total : 644,329 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 644329.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "0 km (landlocked)", "display": "0 km (landlocked)", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "plains in the north and center rise to southern highlands along the border with Uganda and Kenya; the White Nile, flowing north out of the uplands of Central Africa, is the major geographic feature of the country; The Sudd (a name derived from floating vegetation that hinders navigation) is a large swampy area of more than 100,000 sq km fed by the waters of the White Nile that dominates the center of the country", "display": "plains in the north and center rise to southern highlands along the border with Uganda and Kenya; the White Nile, flowing north out of the uplands of Central Africa, is the major…", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "hot with seasonal rainfall influenced by the annual shift of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone; rainfall heaviest in upland areas of the south and diminishes to the north", "display": "hot with seasonal rainfall influenced by the annual shift of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone; rainfall heaviest in upland areas of the south and diminishes to the north", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Kinyeti 3,187 m | lowest point: White Nile 381 m", "display": "highest point: Kinyeti 3,187 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "hydropower, fertile agricultural land, gold, diamonds, petroleum, hardwoods, limestone, iron ore, copper, chromium ore, zinc, tungsten, mica, silver", "display": "hydropower, fertile agricultural land, gold, diamonds, petroleum, hardwoods, limestone, iron ore, copper, chromium ore, zinc, tungsten, mica, silver", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "clusters found in urban areas, particularly in the western interior and around the White Nile, as shown in this population distribution map", "display": "clusters found in urban areas, particularly in the western interior and around the White Nile, as shown in this population distribution map", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 12,703,714 (2024 est.) | male: 6,476,341 | female: 6,227,373", "display": "total: 12,703,714 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 12703714.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "4.52% (2025 est.)", "display": "4.52% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0452, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 21.2% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 4.12% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 21.2% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "English (official), Arabic (includes Juba and Sudanese variants), ethnic languages include Dinka, Nuer, Bari, Zande, Shilluk | major-language sample(s): | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. (English) | كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)", "display": "English (official), Arabic (includes Juba and Sudanese variants), ethnic languages include Dinka, Nuer, Bari, Zande, Shilluk", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Christian 60.5%, folk religion 32.9%, Muslim 6.2%, other <1%, unaffiliated <1% (2020 est.)", "display": "Christian 60.5%, folk religion 32.9%, Muslim 6.2%, other <1%, unaffiliated <1% (2020 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 60.3 years (2024 est.) | male: 58.4 years | female: 62.2 years", "display": "total population: 60.3 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 60.3, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 18.7 years (2025 est.) | male: 18.7 years | female: 18.7 years", "display": "total: 18.7 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "459,000 JUBA (capital) (2023)", "display": "459,000 JUBA (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of South Sudan | conventional short form: South Sudan | etymology: self-descriptive name from the country's geographic position within Sudan prior 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"constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: previous 2005 (pre-independence); latest signed 7 July 2011, effective 9 July 2011 (Transitional Constitution of the Republic of South Sudan, 2011) | amendment process: proposed by the National Legislature or by the president of the republic; passage requires submission of the proposal to the Legislature at least one month prior to consideration, approval by at least two-thirds majority vote in both houses of the Legislature, and assent of the president", "display": "history: previous 2005 (pre-independence); latest signed 7 July 2011, effective 9 July 2011 (Transitional Constitution of the Republic of South Sudan, 2011)", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2005 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "10 states; Central Equatoria, Eastern Equatoria, Jonglei, Lakes, Northern Bahr el Ghazal, Unity, Upper Nile, Warrap, Western Bahr el Ghazal, Western Equatoria | note: in 2015, 28 new states were created, and 4 additional states in 2017; after the 2020 peace agreement, the country was again reorganized into the 10 original states, plus 2 administrative areas, Pibor and Ruweng, and 1 special administrative status area, Abyei (which is disputed between South Sudan and Sudan)", "display": "10 states; Central Equatoria, Eastern Equatoria, Jonglei, Lakes, Northern Bahr el Ghazal, Unity, Upper Nile, Warrap, Western Bahr el Ghazal, Western Equatoria", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2015 }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "AU, EAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOM, IPU, ITU, MIGA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WMO", "display": "AU, EAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOM, IPU, ITU, MIGA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WMO", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "low-income, oil-based Sahelian economy; extreme poverty and food insecurity; COVID-19 and ongoing violence threaten socioeconomic potential; environmentally fragile; ongoing land and property rights issues; natural resource rich but lacks infrastructure", "display": "low-income, oil-based Sahelian economy; extreme poverty and food insecurity; COVID-19 and ongoing violence threaten socioeconomic potential; environmentally fragile; ongoing land…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$6.752 billion (2023 est.) | $6.585 billion (2022 est.) | $6.945 billion (2021 est.) | note: data in 2015 dollars", "display": "$6.752 billion (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 6.752, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$400 (2023 est.) | $400 (2022 est.) | $400 (2021 est.) | note: data in 2015 dollars", "display": "$400 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 400.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "-5.2% (2017 est.) | -13.9% (2016 est.) | -10.8% (2015 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "-5.2% (2017 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2017 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "91.4% (2024 est.) | 2.4% (2023 est.) | -6.7% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "91.4% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.914, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "12.5% (2023 est.) | 12.6% (2022 est.) | 14.1% (2021 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "12.5% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.125, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "milk, cassava, sorghum, goat milk, vegetables, fruits, groundnuts, sesame seeds, beef, maize (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "milk, cassava, sorghum, goat milk, vegetables, fruits, groundnuts, sesame seeds, beef, maize (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "crude petroleum, refined petroleum, forage crops, gold, scrap iron (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "crude petroleum, refined petroleum, forage crops, gold, scrap iron (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "garments, cement, other foods, iron bars, cereal flours (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "garments, cement, other foods, iron bars, cereal flours (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 9% (2022 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 9% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.09, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 0 (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2023 est.) less than 1", "display": "total: 0 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 0.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 8.4% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 15% | electrification - rural areas: 1.7%", "display": "electrification - total population: 8.4% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 93.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 6.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 93.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "2.092 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "2.092 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "89 (2025)", "display": "89 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 248 km (2018) | note: a narrow gauge, single-track railroad between Babonosa (Sudan) and Wau, the only existing rail system, was repaired in 2010 with $250 million in UN funds, but is not currently operational", "display": "total: 248 km (2018)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "water pollution; inadequate supplies of potable water; wildlife conservation and loss of biodiversity; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; drought", "display": "water pollution; inadequate supplies of potable water; wildlife conservation and loss of biodiversity; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; drought", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "1.725 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 1.725 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "1.725 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "49.5 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "49.5 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 193 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 225 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 240 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 193 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/south-sudan.json" }, { "entity_id": "southern-ocean", "name": "Southern Ocean", "source_code": "OO", "source_entity_class": "global-or-ocean", "source_region": "Antarctic Region", "roadmap_country": null, "coverage_region": null, "roadmap_status": "additional", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 21, "published_fact_count": 12, "available_lenses": [ "place", "institutions", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": null, "area_sq_km": null, "capital": null, "government_type": null, "life_expectancy_years": null, "urban_population_percent": null, "internet_users_percent": null, "electricity_access_percent": null, "gdp_per_capita_usd": null, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": null, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "A large body of recent oceanographic research has shown that the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), an ocean current that flows from west to east around Antarctica, plays a crucial role in global ocean circulation. The region where the cold waters of the ACC meet and mingle with the warmer waters of the north defines a distinct border -- the Antarctic Convergence -- which fluctuates with the seasons but encompasses a discrete body of water and a unique ecologic region. The Convergence concentrates nutrients, which promotes marine plant life, which in turn allows for a greater abundance of animal life. In 2000, the International Hydrographic Organization delimited the waters within the Convergence as a fifth world ocean basin -- the Southern Ocean -- by combining the southern portions of the Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, and Pacific Ocean. The Southern Ocean extends from the coast of Antarctica north to 60 degrees south latitude, which coincides with the Antarctic Treaty region and which approximates the extent of the Antarctic Convergence. As such, the Southern Ocean is now the fourth largest of the world's five ocean basins (after the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, and Indian Ocean). It should be noted that inclusion of the Southern Ocean does not imply US Government recognition of this feature as one of the world's primary ocean basins.", "display": "A large body of recent oceanographic research has shown that the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), an ocean current that flows from west to east around Antarctica, plays a cruc…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2000 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "body of water between 60 degrees south latitude and Antarctica", "display": "body of water between 60 degrees south latitude and Antarctica", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Antarctic Region", "display": "Antarctic Region", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 21.96 million sq km | note: includes Amundsen Sea, Bellingshausen Sea, part of the Drake Passage, Ross Sea, a small part of the Scotia Sea, Weddell Sea, and other tributary water bodies", "display": "total : 21.96 million sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "17,968 km", "display": "17,968 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "sea temperatures vary from about 10 degrees Celsius to -2 degrees Celsius; cyclonic storms travel eastward around the continent and frequently are intense because of the temperature contrast between ice and open ocean; the ocean area from about latitude 40 south to the Antarctic Circle has the strongest average winds found anywhere on Earth; in winter the ocean freezes outward to 65 degrees south latitude in the Pacific sector and 55 degrees south latitude in the Atlantic sector, lowering surface temperatures well below 0 degrees Celsius; at some coastal points intense persistent drainage winds from the interior keep the shoreline ice-free throughout the winter", "display": "sea temperatures vary from about 10 degrees Celsius to -2 degrees Celsius; cyclonic storms travel eastward around the continent and frequently are intense because of the temperatu…", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: sea level | lowest point: southern end of the South Sandwich Trench -7,434 m unnamed deep | mean depth: -3,270 m | ocean zones: the ocean is divided into three zones based on depth and light level; sunlight entering the water may travel about 1,000 m into the oceans under the right conditions, but there is rarely any significant light below 200 m | euphotic zone : the upper 200 m (656 ft) is also called \"sunlight\" zone; only a small amount of light penetrates beyond this depth | dysphotic zone : between 200 m (656 ft) and 1,000 m (3,280 ft), and also called the twilight zone; the intensity of light rapidly dissipates as depth increases, and photosynthesis is no longer possible | aphotic zone : below 1,000 m (3,280 ft) and also called the midnight zone; sunlight does not penetrate to these depths", "display": "highest point: sea level", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "huge icebergs with drafts up to several hundred meters; smaller bergs and iceberg fragments; sea ice (generally 0.5 to 1 m thick) with sometimes dynamic short-term variations and with large annual and interannual variations; deep continental shelf floored by glacial deposits varying widely over short distances; high winds and large waves much of the year; ship icing, especially May-October; most of region is remote from sources of search and rescue", "display": "huge icebergs with drafts up to several hundred meters; smaller bergs and iceberg fragments; sea ice (generally 0.5 to 1 m thick) with sometimes dynamic short-term variations and…", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "probable large oil and gas fields on the continental margin; manganese nodules, possible placer deposits, sand and gravel, fresh water as icebergs; krill, fish", "display": "probable large oil and gas fields on the continental margin; manganese nodules, possible placer deposits, sand and gravel, fresh water as icebergs; krill, fish", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "etymology: the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) has not formally adopted the definition of the Southern Ocean as the waters south of 60 degrees south; the definition, however, was circulated in a draft edition of the IHO's Names and Limits of Oceans and Seas in 2002 and has since become the de facto name for many nations and organizations, including the CIA", "display": "etymology: the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) has not formally adopted the definition of the Southern Ocean as the waters south of 60 degrees south; the definition,…", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2002 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "natural and man-made changes to the ocean's physical, chemical, and biological systems", "display": "natural and man-made changes to the ocean's physical, chemical, and biological systems", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "the Southern Ocean is subject to all international agreements regarding the world's oceans; in addition, it is subject to these agreements specific to the Antarctic region: International Whaling Commission (prohibits commercial whaling south of 40 degrees south [south of 60 degrees south between 50 degrees and 130 degrees west]); Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Seals (limits sealing); Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (regulates fishing) | note: mineral exploitation except for scientific research is banned by the Environmental Protocol to the Antarctic Treaty; additionally, many nations (including the US) prohibit mineral resource exploration and exploitation south of the fluctuating Polar Front (Antarctic Convergence), which is in the middle of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and serves as the dividing line between the cold polar surface waters to the south and the warmer waters to the north", "display": "the Southern Ocean is subject to all international agreements regarding the world's oceans; in addition, it is subject to these agreements specific to the Antarctic region: Intern…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/southern-ocean.json" }, { "entity_id": "spain", "name": "Spain", "source_code": "ES", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Europe", "roadmap_country": "Spain", "coverage_region": "Europe", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 153, "published_fact_count": 52, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 47280433.0, "area_sq_km": 505370.0, "capital": "Madrid", "government_type": "parliamentary constitutional monarchy", "life_expectancy_years": 83.0, "urban_population_percent": 81.6, "internet_users_percent": 95.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 48400.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Spain's powerful world empire of the 16th and 17th centuries ultimately yielded command of the seas to England. Spain remained neutral during both World Wars but suffered through a devastating civil war (1936-39) resulting in a dictatorship. A peaceful transition to democracy after the death of dictator Francisco FRANCO in 1975 and rapid economic modernization after Spain joined the EU in 1986 gave Spain a dynamic and rapidly growing economy. After a severe recession in the wake of the global financial crisis in 2008, Spain has posted solid years of GDP growth above the EU average. Unemployment has fallen but remains high, especially among youth. Spain is the euro-zone's fourth-largest economy. The country has faced increased domestic turmoil in recent years due to the independence movement in its restive Catalonia region.", "display": "Spain's powerful world empire of the 16th and 17th centuries ultimately yielded command of the seas to England. Spain remained neutral during both World Wars but suffered through…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1936 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southwestern Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, North Atlantic Ocean, Bay of Biscay, and Pyrenees Mountains; southwest of France", "display": "Southwestern Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, North Atlantic Ocean, Bay of Biscay, and Pyrenees Mountains; southwest of France", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Europe", "display": "Europe", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 505,370 sq km | land: 498,980 sq km | water: 6,390 sq km | note: includes two autonomous cities (Ceuta and Melilla), 17 autonomous communities (including Balearic Islands and Canary Islands), and three small Spanish possessions off the coast of Morocco -- Islas Chafarinas, Penon de Alhucemas, and Penon de Velez de la Gomera", "display": "total : 505,370 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 505370.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "4,964 km", "display": "4,964 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "large, flat to dissected plateau surrounded by rugged hills; Pyrenees Mountains in north", "display": "large, flat to dissected plateau surrounded by rugged hills; Pyrenees Mountains in north", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "temperate; clear, hot summers in interior, more moderate and cloudy along coast; cloudy, cold winters in interior, partly cloudy and cool along coast", "display": "temperate; clear, hot summers in interior, more moderate and cloudy along coast; cloudy, cold winters in interior, partly cloudy and cool along coast", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Pico de Teide (Tenerife) on Canary Islands 3,718 m | lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m | mean elevation: 660 m", "display": "highest point: Pico de Teide (Tenerife) on Canary Islands 3,718 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "periodic droughts, occasional flooding | volcanism: volcanic activity in the Canary Islands, located off Africa's northwest coast; Teide (3,715 m) has been deemed a Decade Volcano by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human populations; La Palma (2,426 m) is the most active of the Canary Islands volcanoes; Lanzarote is the only other historically active volcano", "display": "periodic droughts, occasional flooding", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "coal, lignite, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, uranium, tungsten, mercury, pyrites, magnesite, fluorspar, gypsum, sepiolite, kaolin, potash, hydropower, arable land", "display": "coal, lignite, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, uranium, tungsten, mercury, pyrites, magnesite, fluorspar, gypsum, sepiolite, kaolin, potash, hydropower, arable land", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "with the notable exception of Madrid, Sevilla, and Zaragoza, the largest urban agglomerations are found along the Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts; numerous smaller cities are spread throughout the interior; very dense settlement around the capital of Madrid, as well as the port city of Barcelona", "display": "with the notable exception of Madrid, Sevilla, and Zaragoza, the largest urban agglomerations are found along the Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts; numerous smaller cities are sp…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 47,280,433 (2024 est.) | male: 23,069,327 | female: 24,211,106", "display": "total: 47,280,433 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 47280433.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.12% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.12% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0012, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 81.6% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.24% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) | note: data include Canary Islands, Ceuta, and Melilla", "display": "urban population: 81.6% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Castilian Spanish (official) 74%, Catalan (official in Catalonia, the Balearic Islands, and the Valencian Community) 17%, Galician (official in Galicia) 7%, Basque (official in the Basque Country and Navarre) 2%, Aranese (official in part of Catalonia) <5,000 speakers | major-language sample(s): | La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. | note: Aragonese, Aranese Asturian, Calo, and Valencian are also recognized as regional languages", "display": "Castilian Spanish (official) 74%, Catalan (official in Catalonia, the Balearic Islands, and the Valencian Community) 17%, Galician (official in Galicia) 7%, Basque (official in th…", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Roman Catholic 58.2%, atheist 16.2%, agnostic 10.8%, other 2.7%, non-believer 10.5%, unspecified 1.7% (2021 est.)", "display": "Roman Catholic 58.2%, atheist 16.2%, agnostic 10.8%, other 2.7%, non-believer 10.5%, unspecified 1.7% (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 83 years (2024 est.) | male: 80.3 years | female: 85.8 years", "display": "total population: 83 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 83.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 47.2 years (2025 est.) | male: 45.7 years | female: 47.8 years", "display": "total: 47.2 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "6.751 million MADRID (capital), 5.687 million Barcelona, 838,000 Valencia (2023)", "display": "6.751 million MADRID (capital), 5.687 million Barcelona, 838,000 Valencia (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 99.7% (2021 est.) | male: 99.8% (2021 est.) | female: 99.6% (2021 est.)", "display": "total population: 99.7% (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 18 years (2023 est.) | male: 17 years (2023 est.) | female: 18 years (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 18 years (2023 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Kingdom of Spain | conventional short form: Spain | local long form: Reino de España | local short form: España | etymology: derivation of the name España is uncertain; the Basque words ezpain or espan (\"edge,\" as in a river bank) are possible sources, or the Punic word span , meaning \"rabbit;\" some academics tie it to the god Hesperus from Greco-Roman mythology", "display": "conventional long form: Kingdom of Spain", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Madrid | geographic coordinates: 40 24 N, 3 41 W | time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October | time zone note: Spain has two time zones, including the Canary Islands (UTC 0) | etymology: the meaning and origin of the name is unclear; the city grew from a small Moorish fort that was called Majerit in the first recorded mention in A.D. 932; some trace the modern-day name back to the Roman era, with the Latin word materia (materials) as a possible source", "display": "name: Madrid", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary constitutional monarchy", "display": "parliamentary constitutional monarchy", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law system with regional variations", "display": "civil law system with regional variations", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: several previous; latest approved by the General Courts 31 October 1978, passed by referendum 6 December 1978, signed by the king 27 December 1978, effective 29 December 1978 | amendment process: proposed by the government, by the General Courts (the Congress or the Senate), or by the self-governing communities submitted through the government; passage requires three-fifths majority vote by both houses and passage by referendum if requested by one tenth of the members of either house; proposals disapproved by both houses are submitted to a joint committee, which submits an agreed upon text for another vote; passage requires two-thirds majority vote in Congress and simple majority vote in the Senate", "display": "history: several previous; latest approved by the General Courts 31 October 1978, passed by referendum 6 December 1978, signed by the king 27 December 1978, effective 29 December…", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1978 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "17 autonomous communities ( comunidades autonomas , singular - comunidad autonoma ) and 2 autonomous cities* ( ciudades autonomas , singular - ciudad autonoma ); Andalucia; Aragon; Asturias; Canarias (Canary Islands); Cantabria; Castilla-La Mancha; Castilla-Leon; Cataluña (Castilian), Catalunya (Catalan), Catalonha (Aranese) [Catalonia]; Ceuta*; Comunidad Valenciana (Castilian), Comunitat Valenciana (Valencian) [Valencian Community]; Extremadura; Galicia; Illes Baleares (Balearic Islands); La Rioja; Madrid; Melilla*; Murcia; Navarra (Castilian), Nafarroa (Basque) [Navarre]; Pais Vasco (Castilian), Euskadi (Basque) [Basque Country] | note: Spain administers the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla and the three small islands of Islas Chafarinas, Peñón de Alhucemas, and Peñón de Velez de la Gomera, which are all located along the coast of Morocco; they are collectively referred to as Places of Sovereignty (Plazas de Soberania)", "display": "17 autonomous communities ( comunidades autonomas , singular - comunidad autonoma ) and 2 autonomous cities* ( ciudades autonomas , singular - ciudad autonoma ); Andalucia; Aragon…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council (observer), Australia Group, BCIE, BIS, CABEI, CAN (observer), CBSS (observer), CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club, PCA, PIF (partner), Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), SICA (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, Union Latina, UNOCI, UNOOSA, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC", "display": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council (observer), Australia Group, BCIE, BIS, CABEI, CAN (observer), CBSS (observer), CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB,…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "high-income, core-EU and eurozone economy; strong growth driven by public consumption, tourism, and other service exports; tight labor market despite high structural unemployment; efforts to narrow persistent fiscal deficits through tax and spending measures; high but declining unemployment supported by job growth and immigration", "display": "high-income, core-EU and eurozone economy; strong growth driven by public consumption, tourism, and other service exports; tight labor market despite high structural unemployment;…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$2.361 trillion (2024 est.) | $2.289 trillion (2023 est.) | $2.229 trillion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$2.361 trillion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 2361.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$48,400 (2024 est.) | $47,300 (2023 est.) | $46,600 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$48,400 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 48400.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3.2% (2024 est.) | 2.7% (2023 est.) | 6.2% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "3.2% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.8% (2024 est.) | 3.5% (2023 est.) | 8.4% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "2.8% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.027999999999999997, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "11.4% (2024 est.) | 12.2% (2023 est.) | 13% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "11.4% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.114, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "textiles and apparel (including footwear), food and beverages, metals and metal manufactures, chemicals, shipbuilding, automobiles, machine tools, tourism, clay and refractory products, footwear, pharmaceuticals, medical equipment", "display": "textiles and apparel (including footwear), food and beverages, metals and metal manufactures, chemicals, shipbuilding, automobiles, machine tools, tourism, clay and refractory pro…", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "milk, olives, pork, grapes, wheat, tomatoes, barley, sugar beets, maize, oranges (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "milk, olives, pork, grapes, wheat, tomatoes, barley, sugar beets, maize, oranges (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "cars, packaged medicine, refined petroleum, vehicle parts/accessories, garments (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "cars, packaged medicine, refined petroleum, vehicle parts/accessories, garments (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "crude petroleum, cars, garments, vehicle parts/accessories, natural gas (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "crude petroleum, cars, garments, vehicle parts/accessories, natural gas (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 95% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 95% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.95, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 18.2 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 38 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 18.2 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 18200000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", 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"Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 15,489 km (2020) 9,953 km electrified", "display": "total: 15,489 km (2020) 9,953 km electrified", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 503 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 1, general cargo 33, oil tanker 24, other 445", "display": "total: 503 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "pollution of the Mediterranean Sea from raw sewage and effluents from oil and gas production; drought; air pollution; deforestation; desertification", "display": "pollution of the Mediterranean Sea from raw sewage and effluents from oil and gas production; drought; air pollution; deforestation; desertification", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "254.823 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 13.39 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 182.327 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 59.105 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "254.823 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "111.5 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "111.5 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 4.56 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 5.5 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 18.96 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 4.56 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/spain.json" }, { "entity_id": "spratly-islands", "name": "Spratly Islands", "source_code": "PG", "source_entity_class": "special-area", "source_region": "Southeast Asia", "roadmap_country": null, "coverage_region": null, "roadmap_status": "additional", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 21, "published_fact_count": 13, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": null, "area_sq_km": 5.0, "capital": null, "government_type": null, "life_expectancy_years": null, "urban_population_percent": null, "internet_users_percent": null, "electricity_access_percent": null, "gdp_per_capita_usd": null, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": null, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "The Spratly Islands consist of more than 100 small islands or reefs surrounded by rich fishing grounds -- and potentially by gas and oil deposits. China, Taiwan, and Vietnam all claim the islands in their entirety, while portions are claimed by Malaysia and the Philippines. Around 70 disputed islets and reefs in the Spratly Islands are occupied by China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam. Since 1985, Brunei has claimed a continental shelf that overlaps a southern reef but has not made any formal claim to the reef. Brunei claims an exclusive economic zone over this area.", "display": "The Spratly Islands consist of more than 100 small islands or reefs surrounded by rich fishing grounds -- and potentially by gas and oil deposits. China, Taiwan, and Vietnam all c…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1985 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southeastern Asia, group of reefs and islands in the South China Sea, about two-thirds of the way from southern Vietnam to the southern Philippines", "display": "Southeastern Asia, group of reefs and islands in the South China Sea, about two-thirds of the way from southern Vietnam to the southern Philippines", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southeast Asia", "display": "Southeast Asia", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 5 sq km less than | land: 5 sq km less than | water: 0 sq km | note: includes over 100 islets, coral reefs, and sea mounts scattered over an area of nearly 410,000 sq km (158,000 sq mi) in the central South China Sea", "display": "total : 5 sq km less than", "source_field": "Area", "value": 5.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "926 km", "display": "926 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "small, flat islands, islets, cays, and reefs", "display": "small, flat islands, islets, cays, and reefs", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical", "display": "tropical", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: unnamed location on Southwest Cay 6 m | lowest point: South China Sea 0 m", "display": "highest point: unnamed location on Southwest Cay 6 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "typhoons; numerous reefs and shoals pose a serious maritime hazard", "display": "typhoons; numerous reefs and shoals pose a serious maritime hazard", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "fish, guano, undetermined oil and natural gas potential", "display": "fish, guano, undetermined oil and natural gas potential", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: no permanent inhabitants | note: scattered garrisons are occupied by military personnel of several claimant states", "display": "total: no permanent inhabitants", "source_field": "Population", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: none | conventional short form: Spratly Islands | etymology: named after British whaling captain Richard SPRATLY, who sighted the islands in 1843", "display": "conventional long form: none", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "harm to reefs from China's use of dredged sand and coral to build artificial islands; illegal fishing practices", "display": "harm to reefs from China's use of dredged sand and coral to build artificial islands; illegal fishing practices", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/spratly-islands.json" }, { "entity_id": "sri-lanka", "name": "Sri Lanka", "source_code": "LK", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Asia", "roadmap_country": "Sri Lanka", "coverage_region": "Asia", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 146, "published_fact_count": 52, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 22050561.0, "area_sq_km": 65610.0, "capital": "Colombo (commercial capital); Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte (legislative capital)", "government_type": "presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 76.8, "urban_population_percent": 19.2, "internet_users_percent": 51.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 13800.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "The first Sinhalese arrived in Sri Lanka late in the 6th century B.C., probably from northern India. Buddhism was introduced circa 250 B.C., and the first kingdoms developed at the cities of Anuradhapura (from about 200 B.C. to about A.D. 1000) and Polonnaruwa (from about A.D. 1070 to 1200). In the 14th century, a South Indian dynasty established a Tamil kingdom in northern Sri Lanka. The Portuguese controlled the coastal areas of the island in the 16th century, followed by the Dutch in the 17th century. The island was ceded to the British in 1796, became a crown colony in 1802, and was formally united under British rule by 1815. As Ceylon, it became independent in 1948; the name was changed to Sri Lanka in 1972. Prevailing tensions between the Sinhalese majority and Tamil separatists erupted into war in 1983. Fighting between the government and Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) continued for over a quarter-century. Although Norway brokered peace negotiations that led to a cease-fire in 2002, the fighting slowly resumed and was again in full force by 2006. The government defeated the LTTE in 2009. | During the post-conflict years under then-President Mahinda RAJAPAKSA, the government initiated infrastructure development projects, many of which were financed by loans from China. His regime faced allegations of human rights violations and a shrinking democratic space for civil society. In 2015, a new coalition government headed by President Maithripala SIRISENA of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party and Prime Minister Ranil WICKREMESINGHE of the United National Party came to power with pledges to advance economic, political, and judicial reforms. However, implementation of these reforms was uneven. In 2019, Gotabaya RAJAPAKSA won the presidential election and appointed his brother Mahinda prime minister. Civil society raised concerns about the RAJAPAKSA administration’s commitment to pursuing justice, human rights, and accountability reforms, as well as the risks to foreign creditors that Sri Lanka faced given its ongoing economic crisis. A combination of factors including the COVID-19 pandemic; severe shortages of food, medicine, and fuel; and power outages triggered increasingly violent protests in Columbo beginning in 2022. In response, WICKREMESINGHE -- who had already served as prime minister five times -- was named to replace the prime minister, but he became president within a few months when Gotabaya RAJAPAKSA fled the country.", "display": "The first Sinhalese arrived in Sri Lanka late in the 6th century B.C., probably from northern India. Buddhism was introduced circa 250 B.C., and the first kingdoms developed at th…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1948 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southern Asia, island in the Indian Ocean, south of India", "display": "Southern Asia, island in the Indian Ocean, south of India", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Asia", "display": "Asia", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 65,610 sq km | land: 64,630 sq km | water: 980 sq km", "display": "total : 65,610 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 65610.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "1,340 km", "display": "1,340 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly low, flat to rolling plain; 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shares sum to more than 100% because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census; English is commonly used in government and is referred to as the \"link language\" in the constitution", "display": "Sinhala (official) 87%, Tamil (official) 28.5%, English 23.8% (2012 est.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2012 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Buddhist (official) 70.2%, Hindu 12.6%, Muslim 9.7%, Roman Catholic 6.1%, other Christian 1.3%, other 0.05% (2012 est.)", "display": "Buddhist (official) 70.2%, Hindu 12.6%, Muslim 9.7%, Roman Catholic 6.1%, other Christian 1.3%, other 0.05% (2012 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2012 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 76.8 years (2024 est.) | male: 73.7 years | female: 79.9 years", "display": "total population: 76.8 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 76.8, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 34.2 years (2025 est.) | male: 32.2 years | female: 35.8 years", "display": "total: 34.2 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "103,000 Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte (legislative capital) (2018), 633,000 COLOMBO (capital) (2023)", "display": "103,000 Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte (legislative capital) (2018), 633,000 COLOMBO (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 92.7% (2023 est.) | male: 93.4% (2023 est.) | female: 92% (2023 est.)", "display": "total population: 92.7% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 13 years (2023 est.) | male: 12 years (2023 est.) | female: 14 years (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 13 years (2023 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka | conventional short form: Sri Lanka | local long form: Shri Lanka Prajatantrika Samajavadi Janarajaya (Sinhala)/ Ilankai Jananayaka Choshalichak Kutiyarachu (Tamil) | local short form: Shri Lanka (Sinhala)/ Ilankai (Tamil) | former: Serendib, Ceylon | etymology: the name is composed of the Sanskrit words shri (happiness or holiness) and lanka (island); 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the legislative capital's name, Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte, is composed of the Sanskrit honorific sri, the name of Sri Lankan President J.R. JAYEWARDENE, and the Hindi word pura (town)", "display": "name: Colombo (commercial capital); Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte (legislative capital)", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "presidential republic", "display": "presidential republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "mixed system of Roman-Dutch civil law, English common law, Jaffna Tamil customary law, and Muslim personal law", "display": "mixed system of Roman-Dutch civil law, English common law, Jaffna Tamil customary law, and Muslim personal law", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: several previous; latest adopted 16 August 1978, certified 31 August 1978 | amendment process: proposed by Parliament; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of its total membership, certification by the president of the republic or the Parliament speaker, and in some cases approval in a referendum by absolute majority of valid votes", "display": "history: several previous; latest adopted 16 August 1978, certified 31 August 1978", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1978 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "9 provinces; Central, Eastern, North Central, Northern, North Western, Sabaragamuwa, Southern, Uva, Western", "display": "9 provinces; Central, Eastern, North Central, Northern, North Western, Sabaragamuwa, Southern, Uva, Western", "source_field": 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"economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "economic contraction in 2022-23 marked by increased poverty and significant inflation; IMF two-year debt relief program following 2022 sovereign default; structural challenges from non-diversified economy and rigid labor laws; heavy dependence on tourism receipts and remittances", "display": "economic contraction in 2022-23 marked by increased poverty and significant inflation; IMF two-year debt relief program following 2022 sovereign default; structural challenges fro…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$301.407 billion (2024 est.) | $287.031 billion (2023 est.) | $293.878 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$301.407 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": 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"category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "rice, coconuts, tea, sugarcane, plantains, milk, fiber crops, cassava, chicken, pumpkins/squash (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "rice, coconuts, tea, sugarcane, plantains, milk, fiber crops, cassava, chicken, pumpkins/squash (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "garments, tea, precious stones, used rubber tires, rubber products (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "garments, tea, precious stones, used rubber tires, rubber products (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, fabric, crude petroleum, packaged medicine, cotton fabric (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, fabric, crude petroleum, packaged medicine, cotton fabric (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 51% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 51% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.51, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 2.01 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 9 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 2.01 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 2009999.9999999998, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 49.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 4.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 4.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 40.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 0.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 49.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "12.372 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "12.372 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "18 (2025)", "display": "18 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 6 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 2 | small: 1 | very small: 1 | size unknown: 2 | ports with oil terminals: 2 | key ports: Batticaloa Roads, Colombo, Galle Harbor, Hambantota, Kankesanturai, Trincomalee Harbor", "display": "total ports: 6 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 1,562 km (2016) | broad gauge: 1,562 km (2016) 1.676-m gauge", "display": "total: 1,562 km (2016)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2016 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 96 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 5, general cargo 15, oil tanker 11, other 65", "display": "total: 96 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "deforestation; soil erosion; poaching; effects of urbanization; coastal degradation from mining activities and pollution; coral reef destruction; freshwater resources polluted by industrial wastes and sewage runoff; waste disposal; air pollution in Colombo", "display": "deforestation; soil erosion; poaching; effects of urbanization; coastal degradation from mining activities and pollution; coral reef destruction; freshwater resources polluted by…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "19.153 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 5.15 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 14.003 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "19.153 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "52.8 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "52.8 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 805 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 831 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 11.31 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 805 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Marine Life Conservation", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous W…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/sri-lanka.json" }, { "entity_id": "sudan", "name": "Sudan", "source_code": "SD", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Africa", "roadmap_country": "Sudan", "coverage_region": "Africa", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 140, "published_fact_count": 51, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 50467278.0, "area_sq_km": 1861484.0, "capital": "Khartoum", "government_type": "presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 67.8, "urban_population_percent": 36.3, "internet_users_percent": 26.0, "electricity_access_percent": 63.2, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 1900.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Long referred to as Nubia, modern-day Sudan was the site of the Kingdom of Kerma (ca. 2500-1500 B.C.) until it was absorbed into the New Kingdom of Egypt. By the 11th century B.C., the Kingdom of Kush gained independence from Egypt; it lasted in various forms until the middle of the 4th century A.D. After the fall of Kush, the Nubians formed three Christian kingdoms of Nobatia, Makuria, and Alodia, with the latter two enduring until around 1500. Between the 14th and 15th centuries, Arab nomads settled much of Sudan, leading to extensive Islamization between the 16th and 19th centuries. Following Egyptian occupation early in the 19th century, an agreement in 1899 set up a joint British-Egyptian government in Sudan, but it was effectively a British colony. | Military regimes favoring Islamic-oriented governments have dominated national politics since Sudan gained independence from Anglo-Egyptian co-rule in 1956. During most of the second half of the 20th century, Sudan was embroiled in two prolonged civil wars rooted in northern domination of the largely non-Muslim, non-Arab southern portion of the country. The first civil war ended in 1972, but another broke out in 1983. Peace talks gained momentum in 2002-04, and the final North/South Comprehensive Peace Agreement in 2005 granted the southern rebels autonomy for six years, followed by a referendum on independence for Southern Sudan. South Sudan became independent in 2011, but Sudan and South Sudan have yet to fully implement security and economic agreements to normalize relations between the two countries. Sudan has also faced conflict in Darfur, Southern Kordofan, and Blue Nile starting in 2003. | In 2019, after months of nationwide protests, the 30-year reign of President Omar Hassan Ahmad al-BASHIR ended when the military forced him out. Economist and former international civil servant Abdalla HAMDOUK al-Kinani was selected to serve as the prime minister of a transitional government as the country prepared for elections in 2022. In late 2021, however, the Sudanese military ousted HAMDOUK and his government and replaced civilian members of the Sovereign Council (Sudan’s collective Head of State) with individuals selected by the military. HAMDOUK was briefly reinstated but resigned in January 2022. General Abd-al-Fatah al-BURHAN Abd-al-Rahman, the Chair of Sudan’s Sovereign Council and Commander-in-Chief of the Sudanese Armed Forces, currently serves as de facto head of state and government. He presides over a Sovereign Council consisting of military leaders, former armed opposition group representatives, and military-appointed civilians. A cabinet of acting ministers handles day-to-day administration.", "display": "Long referred to as Nubia, modern-day Sudan was the site of the Kingdom of Kerma (ca. 2500-1500 B.C.) until it was absorbed into the New Kingdom of Egypt. By the 11th century B.C.…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1956 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "north-eastern Africa, bordering the Red Sea, between Egypt and Eritrea", "display": "north-eastern Africa, bordering the Red Sea, between Egypt and Eritrea", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Africa", "display": "Africa", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 1,861,484 sq km | land: 1,731,671 sq km | water: 129,813 sq km", "display": "total : 1,861,484 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 1861484.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "853 km", "display": "853 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "generally flat, featureless plain; desert dominates the north", "display": "generally flat, featureless plain; desert dominates the north", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "hot and dry; arid desert; rainy season varies by region (April to November)", "display": "hot and dry; arid desert; rainy season varies by region (April to November)", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Jabal Marrah 3,042 m | lowest point: Red Sea 0 m | mean elevation: 568 m", "display": "highest point: Jabal Marrah 3,042 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "dust storms and periodic persistent droughts", "display": "dust storms and periodic persistent droughts", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "petroleum; small reserves of iron ore, copper, chromium ore, zinc, tungsten, mica, silver, gold; hydropower", "display": "petroleum; small reserves of iron ore, copper, chromium ore, zinc, tungsten, mica, silver, gold; hydropower", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "with the exception of a ribbon of settlement that corresponds to the banks of the Nile, northern Sudan is sparsely populated; sizeable areas of population are found around Khartoum, southeast between the Blue and White Nile Rivers, and throughout South Darfur, as shown on this population distribution map", "display": "with the exception of a ribbon of settlement that corresponds to the banks of the Nile, northern Sudan is sparsely populated; sizeable areas of population are found around Khartou…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 50,467,278 (2024 est.) | male: 25,335,092 | female: 25,132,186", "display": "total: 50,467,278 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 50467278.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "2.54% (2025 est.)", "display": "2.54% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0254, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 36.3% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 3.43% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 36.3% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Arabic (official), English (official), Nubian, Ta Bedawie, Fur | major-language sample(s): | كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. (English)", "display": "Arabic (official), English (official), Nubian, Ta Bedawie, Fur", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Sunni Muslim, small Christian minority", "display": "Sunni Muslim, small Christian minority", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 67.8 years (2024 est.) | male: 65.5 years | female: 70.2 years", "display": "total population: 67.8 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 67.8, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 19.5 years (2025 est.) | male: 19 years | female: 19.6 years", "display": "total: 19.5 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "6.344 million KHARTOUM (capital), 1.057 million Nyala (2023)", "display": "6.344 million KHARTOUM (capital), 1.057 million Nyala (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 7 years (2015 est.) | male: 7 years (2015 est.) | female: 7 years (2015 est.)", "display": "total: 7 years (2015 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2015 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of the Sudan | conventional short form: Sudan | local long form: Jumhuriyat as-Sudan | local short form: As-Sudan | former: Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, Democratic Republic of the Sudan | etymology: the name derives from the Arabic balad-as-sudan , meaning \"Land of the Black [peoples]\"", "display": "conventional long form: Republic of the Sudan", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Khartoum | geographic coordinates: 15 36 N, 32 32 E | time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: the name derives from the Arabic words ras (head or end) and al-khurtum (elephant's trunk), referring to the narrow strip of land between the Blue and White Niles where the city is located", "display": "name: Khartoum", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "presidential republic", "display": "presidential republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "mixed system of Islamic law and English common law", "display": "mixed system of Islamic law and English common law", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: previous 1973, 1998, 2005 (interim constitution, which was suspended in April 2019); latest initial draft completed by Transitional Military Council in May 2019; revised draft known as the \"Draft Constitutional Charter for the 2019 Transitional Period,\" or “2019 Constitutional Declaration” was signed by the Council and opposition coalition on 4 August 2019 | note: amended 2020 to incorporate the Juba Agreement for Peace in Sudan; the military suspended several provisions of the Constitutional Declaration in October 2021", "display": "history: previous 1973, 1998, 2005 (interim constitution, which was suspended in April 2019); latest initial draft completed by Transitional Military Council in May 2019; revised…", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1973 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "18 states ( wilayat , singular - wilayah ); Blue Nile, Central Darfur, East Darfur, Gedaref, Gezira, Kassala, Khartoum, North Darfur, North Kordofan, Northern, Red Sea, River Nile, Sennar, South Darfur, South Kordofan, West Darfur, West 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"ABEDA, ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AU (suspended), CAEU, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "low-income Sahel economy devastated by ongoing civil war; major impacts on rural income, basic commodity prices, industrial production, agricultural supply chain, communications and commerce; hyperinflation and currency depreciation worsening food access and humanitarian conditions", "display": "low-income Sahel economy devastated by ongoing civil war; major impacts on rural income, basic commodity prices, industrial production, agricultural supply chain, communications a…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$94.42 billion (2024 est.) | $109.147 billion (2023 est.) | $154.672 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$94.42 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 94.42, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$1,900 (2024 est.) | $2,200 (2023 est.) | $3,100 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$1,900 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 1900.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "-13.5% (2024 est.) | -29.4% (2023 est.) | -1% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "-13.5% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "138.8% (2022 est.) | 359.1% (2021 est.) | 163.3% (2020 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "138.8% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 1.3880000000000001, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "11.45% (2023 est.) | 7.6% (2022 est.) | 11.1% (2021 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "11.45% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.11449999999999999, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "oil, cotton ginning, textiles, cement, edible oils, sugar, soap distilling, shoes, 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"content": "crude petroleum, gold, oil seeds, sheep and goats, ground nuts (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "crude petroleum, gold, oil seeds, sheep and goats, ground nuts (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "raw sugar, wheat flours, refined petroleum, garments, packaged medicine (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "raw sugar, wheat flours, refined petroleum, garments, packaged medicine (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 26% (2020 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 26% (2020 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.26, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 30,000 (2022 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2022 est.) less than 1", "display": "total: 30,000 (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 30000.0, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 63.2% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 84% | electrification - rural areas: 49.4%", "display": "electrification - total population: 63.2% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 29.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 0.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 68.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 0.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 29.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "6.145 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "6.145 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "45 (2025)", "display": "45 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 4 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 2 | small: 2 | very small: 0 | ports with oil terminals: 3 | key ports: Al Khair Oil Terminal, Beshayer Oil Terminal, Port Sudan, Sawakin Harbor", "display": "total ports: 4 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 7,251 km (2014) | narrow gauge: 5,851 km (2014) 1.067-m gauge | 1,400 km 0.600-m gauge for cotton plantations", "display": "total: 7,251 km (2014)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2014 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 14 (2023) | by type: other 14", "display": "total: 14 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "water pollution; inadequate supplies of potable water; water scarcity and drought; overhunting; soil erosion; desertification; deforestation; loss of biodiversity", "display": "water pollution; inadequate supplies of potable water; water scarcity and drought; overhunting; soil erosion; desertification; deforestation; loss of biodiversity", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "18.242 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 300 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 18.242 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "18.242 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "37.8 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "37.8 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 950 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 75 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 25.91 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 950 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardo…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/sudan.json" }, { "entity_id": "suriname", "name": "Suriname", "source_code": "SR", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "South America", "roadmap_country": "Suriname", "coverage_region": "Americas", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 138, "published_fact_count": 50, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 653605.0, "area_sq_km": 163820.0, "capital": "Paramaribo", "government_type": "presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 72.7, "urban_population_percent": 66.4, "internet_users_percent": 78.0, "electricity_access_percent": 99.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 19400.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "The Spaniards first explored Suriname in the 16th century, and the English then settled it in the mid-17th century. Suriname became a Dutch colony in 1667. With the abolition of African slavery in 1863, workers were brought in from India and Java. The Netherlands granted the colony independence in 1975. Five years later, the civilian government was replaced by a military regime that soon declared Suriname a socialist republic. It continued to exert control through a succession of nominally civilian administrations until 1987, when international pressure finally forced a democratic election. In 1990, the military overthrew the civilian leadership, but a democratically elected government -- a four-party coalition -- returned to power in 1991. The coalition expanded to eight parties in 2005 and ruled until 2010, when voters returned former military leader Desire BOUTERSE and his opposition coalition to power. President BOUTERSE ran unopposed in 2015 and was reelected. Opposition parties campaigned hard against BOUTERSE in the run-up to the 2020 elections, and a multi-party coalition led by Chandrikapersad SANTOKHI’s VHP and Ronnie Brunswijk’s ABOP was installed.", "display": "The Spaniards first explored Suriname in the 16th century, and the English then settled it in the mid-17th century. Suriname became a Dutch colony in 1667. With the abolition of A…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1975 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Northern South America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between French Guiana and Guyana", "display": "Northern South America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between French Guiana and Guyana", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "South America", "display": "South America", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 163,820 sq km | land: 156,000 sq km | water: 7,820 sq km", "display": "total : 163,820 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 163820.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "386 km", "display": "386 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly rolling hills; narrow coastal plain with swamps", "display": "mostly rolling hills; narrow coastal plain with swamps", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical; moderated by trade winds", "display": "tropical; moderated by trade winds", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Juliana Top 1,230 m | lowest point: unnamed location in the coastal plain -2 m | mean elevation: 246 m", "display": "highest point: Juliana Top 1,230 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "flooding", "display": "flooding", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "timber, hydropower, fish, kaolin, shrimp, bauxite, gold, and small amounts of nickel, copper, platinum, iron ore", "display": "timber, hydropower, fish, kaolin, shrimp, bauxite, gold, and small amounts of nickel, copper, platinum, iron ore", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "population is concentrated along the northern coastal strip; the remainder of the country is sparsely populated", "display": "population is concentrated along the northern coastal strip; the remainder of the country is sparsely populated", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 653,605 (2025 est.) | male: 323,747 | female: 329,858", "display": "total: 653,605 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 653605.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.04% (2025 est.)", "display": "1.04% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0104, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 66.4% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.88% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 66.4% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Dutch (official), English (widely spoken), Sranang Tongo (Surinamese, sometimes called Taki-Taki, is the native language of Creoles and much of the younger population), Caribbean Hindustani (a dialect of Hindi), Javanese | major-language sample(s): | Het Wereld Feitenboek, een omnisbare bron van informatie. (Dutch) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. (English)", "display": "Dutch (official), English (widely spoken), Sranang Tongo (Surinamese, sometimes called Taki-Taki, is the native language of Creoles and much of the younger population), Caribbean…", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Protestant 23.6% (includes Evangelical 11.2%, Moravian 11.2%, Reformed 0.7%, Lutheran 0.5%), Hindu 22.3%, Roman Catholic 21.6%, Muslim 13.8%, other Christian 3.2%, Winti 1.8%, Jehovah's Witness 1.2%, other 1.7%, none 7.5%, unspecified 3.2% (2012 est.)", "display": "Protestant 23.6% (includes Evangelical 11.2%, Moravian 11.2%, Reformed 0.7%, Lutheran 0.5%), Hindu 22.3%, Roman Catholic 21.6%, Muslim 13.8%, other Christian 3.2%, Winti 1.8%, Jeh…", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2012 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 72.7 years (2024 est.) | male: 69 years | female: 76.7 years", "display": "total population: 72.7 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 72.7, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 32.3 years (2025 est.) | male: 31 years | female: 32.9 years", "display": "total: 32.3 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "239,000 PARAMARIBO (capital) (2018)", "display": "239,000 PARAMARIBO (capital) (2018)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 11 years (2021 est.) | male: 10 years (2021 est.) | female: 11 years (2021 est.)", "display": "total: 11 years (2021 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Suriname | conventional short form: Suriname | local long form: Republiek Suriname | local short form: Suriname | former: Netherlands Guiana, Dutch Guiana | etymology: name may derive from the Surinen people who inhabited the area at the time of European contact", "display": "conventional long form: Republic of Suriname", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": 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"constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: previous 1975; latest ratified 30 September 1987, effective 30 October 1987 | amendment process: proposed by the National Assembly; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the total membership", "display": "history: previous 1975; latest ratified 30 September 1987, effective 30 October 1987", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1975 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "10 districts ( distrikten , singular - distrikt ); Brokopondo, Commewijne, Coronie, Marowijne, Nickerie, Para, Paramaribo, Saramacca, Sipaliwini, Wanica", "display": "10 districts ( distrikten , singular - distrikt ); Brokopondo, Commewijne, Coronie, Marowijne, Nickerie, Para, Paramaribo, Saramacca, Sipaliwini, Wanica", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACP, ACS, AOSIS, Caricom, CD, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OIC, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, Petrocaribe, UN, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ACP, ACS, AOSIS, Caricom, CD, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), IT…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "upper middle-income South American economy; new floating currency regime; key aluminum goods, gold, and hydrocarbon exporter; new IMF plan for economic recovery and fiscal sustainability; controversial hardwood industry", "display": "upper middle-income South American economy; new floating currency regime; key aluminum goods, gold, and hydrocarbon exporter; new IMF plan for economic recovery and fiscal sustain…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$12.316 billion (2024 est.) | $11.976 billion (2023 est.) | $11.68 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$12.316 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 12.316, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$19,400 (2024 est.) | $19,000 (2023 est.) | $18,700 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$19,400 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 19400.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.8% (2024 est.) | 2.5% (2023 est.) | 2.4% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "2.8% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "16.2% (2024 est.) | 51.6% (2023 est.) | 52.4% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "16.2% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.162, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "7.4% (2024 est.) | 7.7% (2023 est.) | 8.2% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "7.4% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.07400000000000001, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "gold mining, oil, lumber, food processing, fishing", "display": "gold mining, oil, lumber, food processing, fishing", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "rice, sugarcane, oranges, vegetables, chicken, cassava, plantains, pineapples, eggs, citrus fruits (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "rice, sugarcane, oranges, vegetables, chicken, cassava, plantains, pineapples, 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"Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "deforestation; pollution of inland waterways from small-scale mining activities", "display": "deforestation; pollution of inland waterways from small-scale mining activities", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "2.521 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 2.507 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 14,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "2.521 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "99 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "99 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Dumping-London Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardo…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/suriname.json" }, { "entity_id": "svalbard", "name": "Svalbard", "source_code": "SJ", "source_entity_class": "dependency-or-territory", "source_region": "Arctic Region", "roadmap_country": null, "coverage_region": null, "roadmap_status": "additional", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 46, "published_fact_count": 21, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure" ], "summary": { "population": 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The islands served as an international whaling base during the 17th and 18th centuries. Norway's sovereignty was internationally recognized by treaty in 1920, and five years later Norway officially took over the territory. Coal mining started in the 20th century, and a Norwegian company and a Russian company are still in operation today. Travel between the settlements is accomplished with snowmobiles, aircraft, and boats.", "display": "Norse explorers may have first discovered the Svalbard archipelago in the 12th century. The islands served as an international whaling base during the 17th and 18th centuries. Nor…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1920 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Northern Europe, islands between the Arctic Ocean, Barents Sea, Greenland Sea, and Norwegian Sea, north of Norway", "display": "Northern Europe, islands between the Arctic Ocean, Barents Sea, Greenland Sea, and Norwegian Sea, north of Norway", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Arctic Region", "display": "Arctic Region", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 62,045 sq km | land: 62,045 sq km | water: 0 sq km | note: includes Spitsbergen and Bjornoya (Bear Island)", "display": "total : 62,045 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 62045.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "3,587 km", "display": "3,587 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "rugged mountains; much of the upland areas are ice covered; west coast clear of ice about half the year; fjords along west and north coasts", "display": "rugged mountains; much of the upland areas are ice covered; west coast clear of ice about half the year; fjords along west and north coasts", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "arctic, tempered by warm North Atlantic Current; cool summers, cold winters; North Atlantic Current flows along west and north coasts of Spitsbergen, keeping water open and navigable most of the year", "display": "arctic, tempered by warm North Atlantic Current; cool summers, cold winters; North Atlantic Current flows along west and north coasts of Spitsbergen, keeping water open and naviga…", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Newtontoppen 1,717 m | lowest point: Arctic Ocean 0 m", "display": "highest point: Newtontoppen 1,717 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "ice floes often block the entrance to Bellsund (a transit point for coal export) on the west coast and occasionally make parts of the northeastern coast inaccessible to maritime traffic", "display": "ice floes often block the entrance to Bellsund (a transit point for coal export) on the west coast and occasionally make parts of the northeastern coast inaccessible to maritime t…", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "coal, iron ore, copper, zinc, phosphate, wildlife, fish", "display": "coal, iron ore, copper, zinc, phosphate, wildlife, fish", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "the small population is primarily concentrated on the island of Spitsbergen in a handful of settlements on the south side of the Isfjorden, with Longyearbyen being the largest", "display": "the small population is primarily concentrated on the island of Spitsbergen in a handful of settlements on the south side of the Isfjorden, with Longyearbyen being the largest", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 2,556 (2025 est.) | male: 1,353 | female: 1,203", "display": "total: 2,556 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 2556.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "-0.03% (2019 est.)", "display": "-0.03% (2019 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": -0.0003, "estimate_year": 2019 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Norwegian, Russian | major-language sample(s): | Verdens Faktabok, den essensielle kilden for grunnleggende informasjon. (Norwegian) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Norwegian, Russian", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: none | conventional short form: Svalbard (sometimes referred to as Spitsbergen, the largest island in the archipelago) | etymology: the archipelago was traditionally known as Spitsbergen, a Dutch name meaning \"jagged peaks,\" but Norway renamed it Svalbard in the 1920s when it assumed sovereignty of the islands, from the Norwegian sval (cold) and bard (shore); the Norwegian name may have been used during the Norse era for other locations", "display": "conventional long form: none", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Longyearbyen | geographic coordinates: 78 13 N, 15 38 E | time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October | etymology: the name in Norwegian means Longyear Town; the site was established by and named after John Munro LONGYEAR, whose Arctic Coal Company began mining operations there in 1906", "display": "name: Longyearbyen", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1906 }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "non-self-governing territory of Norway", "display": "non-self-governing territory of Norway", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "laws of Norway that explicitly apply to Svalbard, including the Svalbard Act, the Svalbard Environmental Protection Act, and certain regulations; the Spitsbergen Treaty and the Svalbard Treaty grant certain rights to citizens and corporations of signatory nations", "display": "laws of Norway that explicitly apply to Svalbard, including the Svalbard Act, the Svalbard Environmental Protection Act, and certain regulations; the Spitsbergen Treaty and the Sv…", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "none", "display": "none", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "high-income Norwegian island economy; major coal mining, tourism, and research sectors; recently established northernmost brewery; key whaling and fishing base; home to the Global Seed Vault", "display": "high-income Norwegian island economy; major coal mining, tourism, and research sectors; recently established northernmost brewery; key whaling and fishing base; home to the Global…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 3 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 0 | very small: 3 | ports with oil terminals: 0 | key ports: Barentsburg, Longyearbyen, Ny Alesund", "display": "total ports: 3 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/svalbard.json" }, { "entity_id": "sweden", "name": "Sweden", "source_code": "SE", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Europe", "roadmap_country": "Sweden", "coverage_region": "Europe", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 151, "published_fact_count": 51, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 10643745.0, "area_sq_km": 450295.0, "capital": "Stockholm", "government_type": "parliamentary constitutional monarchy", "life_expectancy_years": 82.9, "urban_population_percent": 88.7, "internet_users_percent": 96.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 63300.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "A military power during the 17th century, Sweden maintained a policy of military non-alignment until it applied to join NATO in 2022. Sweden has not participated in any war for two centuries. Stockholm preserved an armed neutrality in both World Wars. Since then, Sweden has pursued a successful economic formula consisting of a capitalist system intermixed with substantial welfare elements. Sweden joined the EU in 1995, but the public rejected the introduction of the euro in a 2003 referendum. The share of Sweden’s population born abroad increased from 11.3% in 2000 to 20% in 2022.", "display": "A military power during the 17th century, Sweden maintained a policy of military non-alignment until it applied to join NATO in 2022. Sweden has not participated in any war for tw…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, Kattegat, and Skagerrak, between Finland and Norway", "display": "Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, Kattegat, and Skagerrak, between Finland and Norway", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Europe", "display": "Europe", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 450,295 sq km | land: 410,335 sq km | water: 39,960 sq km", "display": "total : 450,295 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 450295.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "3,218 km", "display": "3,218 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly flat or gently rolling lowlands; 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(Swedish) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. | note: Finnish, Sami, Romani, Yiddish, and Meankieli are official minority languages", "display": "Swedish (official)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Church of Sweden (Lutheran) 53.9%, other (includes Roman Catholic, Orthodox, Baptist, Muslim, Jewish, and Buddhist) 8.9%, none or unspecified 37.2% (2021 est.) | note: estimates reflect registered members of faith communities eligible for state funding (not all religions are state-funded and not all people who identify with a particular religion are registered members) and the Church of Sweden", "display": "Church of Sweden (Lutheran) 53.9%, other (includes Roman Catholic, Orthodox, Baptist, Muslim, Jewish, and Buddhist) 8.9%, none or unspecified 37.2% (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": 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"Unemployment rate", "value": 0.086, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "iron and steel, precision equipment (bearings, radio and telephone parts, armaments), wood pulp and paper products, processed foods, motor vehicles", "display": "iron and steel, precision equipment (bearings, radio and telephone parts, armaments), wood pulp and paper products, processed foods, motor vehicles", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "milk, wheat, sugar beets, barley, potatoes, oats, rapeseed, pork, chicken, beef (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "milk, wheat, sugar beets, barley, potatoes, oats, rapeseed, pork, chicken, beef (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": 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"internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 96% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 96% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.96, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 4.3 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 41 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 4.3 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 4300000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 0.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | nuclear: 28.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 1.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 21% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 40.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 7.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 0.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "142.102 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "142.102 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "206 (2025)", "display": "206 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 92 (2024) | large: 3 | medium: 10 | small: 30 | very small: 49 | ports with oil terminals: 49 | key ports: Falkenberg, Goteborg, Helsingborg, Karlsborg, Karlshamn, Lulea, Malmo, Norrkoping, Stockholm, Sundsvall, Uddevalla, Varberg, Vasteras", "display": "total ports: 92 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 10,910 km (2020) 8,184 km electrified | narrow gauge: 65 km", "display": "total: 10,910 km (2020) 8,184 km electrified", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 361 (2023) | by type: general cargo 44, oil tanker 18, other 299", "display": "total: 361 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "marine pollution (Baltic Sea and North Sea); acid rain damage to soil and lakes; air pollution; poor timber-harvesting practices", "display": "marine pollution (Baltic Sea and North Sea); acid rain damage to soil and lakes; air pollution; poor timber-harvesting practices", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "43.96 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 5.324 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 36.768 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 1.868 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "43.96 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "174 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "174 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 699 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 1.267 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 102 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 699 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/sweden.json" }, { "entity_id": "switzerland", "name": "Switzerland", "source_code": "CH", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Europe", "roadmap_country": "Switzerland", "coverage_region": "Europe", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 148, "published_fact_count": 50, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 8925741.0, "area_sq_km": 41277.0, "capital": "Bern", "government_type": "federal republic (formally a confederation)", "life_expectancy_years": 83.9, "urban_population_percent": 74.2, "internet_users_percent": 97.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 82000.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": true }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "The Swiss Confederation was founded in 1291 as a defensive alliance among three cantons. In succeeding years, other localities joined the original three. The Swiss Confederation secured its independence from the Holy Roman Empire in 1499. A constitution of 1848, which was modified in 1874 to allow voters to introduce referenda on proposed laws, replaced the confederation with a centralized federal government. The major European powers have long honored Switzerland's sovereignty and neutrality, and the country was not involved in either World War. The political and economic integration of Europe over the past half-century, as well as Switzerland's role in many UN and international organizations, has strengthened Switzerland's ties with its neighbors. However, the country did not officially become a UN member until 2002. Switzerland remains active in many UN and international organizations but retains a strong commitment to neutrality.", "display": "The Swiss Confederation was founded in 1291 as a defensive alliance among three cantons. In succeeding years, other localities joined the original three. The Swiss Confederation s…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2002 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Central Europe, east of France, north of Italy", "display": "Central Europe, east of France, north of Italy", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Europe", "display": "Europe", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 41,277 sq km | land: 39,997 sq km | water: 1,280 sq km", "display": "total : 41,277 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 41277.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "0 km (landlocked)", "display": "0 km (landlocked)", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly mountains (Alps in south, Jura in northwest) with a central plateau of rolling hills, plains, and large lakes", "display": "mostly mountains (Alps in south, Jura in northwest) with a central plateau of rolling hills, plains, and large lakes", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "temperate, but varies with altitude; cold, cloudy, rainy/snowy winters; cool to warm, cloudy, humid summers with occasional showers", "display": "temperate, but varies with altitude; cold, cloudy, rainy/snowy winters; cool to warm, cloudy, humid summers with occasional showers", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Dufourspitze on Monte Rosa 4,634 m | lowest point: Lake Maggiore 195 m | mean elevation: 1,350 m", "display": "highest point: Dufourspitze on Monte Rosa 4,634 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "avalanches, landslides; flash floods", "display": "avalanches, landslides; flash floods", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "hydropower potential, timber, salt", "display": "hydropower potential, timber, salt", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "population distribution corresponds to elevation, with the northern and western areas far more heavily populated; the higher Alps of the south limit settlement", "display": "population distribution corresponds to elevation, with the northern and western areas far more heavily populated; the higher Alps of the south limit settlement", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 8,925,741 (2025 est.) | male: 4,436,858 | female: 4,488,883", "display": "total: 8,925,741 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 8925741.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.72% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.72% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0072, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 74.2% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.79% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 74.2% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "German (or Swiss German) (official) 62.1%, French (official) 22.8%, Italian (official) 8%, English 5.7%, Portuguese 3.5%, Albanian 3.3%, Serbo-Croatian 2.3%, Spanish 2.3%, Romansh (official) 0.5%, other 7.9% (2019 est.) | major-language sample(s): | Das World Factbook, die unverzichtbare Quelle für grundlegende Informationen. (German) | The World Factbook, une source indispensable d'informations de base. (French) | L'Almanacco dei fatti del mondo, l'indispensabile fonte per le informazioni di base. (Italian) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. | note : shares sum to more than 100% because respondents could indicate more than one main language", "display": "German (or Swiss German) (official) 62.1%, French (official) 22.8%, Italian (official) 8%, English 5.7%, Portuguese 3.5%, Albanian 3.3%, Serbo-Croatian 2.3%, Spanish 2.3%, Romansh…", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2019 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Roman Catholic 34.4%, Protestant 22.5%, other Christian 5.7%, Muslim 5.4%, other 1.5%, none 29.4%, unspecified 1.1% (2020 est.)", "display": "Roman Catholic 34.4%, Protestant 22.5%, other Christian 5.7%, Muslim 5.4%, other 1.5%, none 29.4%, unspecified 1.1% (2020 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 83.9 years (2024 est.) | male: 82 years | female: 85.8 years", "display": "total population: 83.9 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 83.9, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 44.4 years (2025 est.) | male: 43.5 years | female: 44.9 years", "display": "total: 44.4 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.432 million Zurich, 441,000 BERN (capital) (2023)", "display": "1.432 million Zurich, 441,000 BERN (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 17 years (2023 est.) | male: 17 years (2023 est.) | female: 17 years (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 17 years (2023 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Swiss Confederation | conventional short form: Switzerland | local long form: Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft (German)/ Confederation Suisse (French)/ Confederazione Svizzera (Italian)/ Confederaziun Svizra (Romansh) | local short form: Schweiz (German)/ Suisse (French)/ Svizzera (Italian)/ Svizra (Romansh) | abbreviation: CH | etymology: name derives from the canton of Schwyz, one of the founding cantons of the Swiss Confederacy formed in the late 13th century", "display": "conventional long form: Swiss Confederation", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Bern | geographic coordinates: 46 55 N, 7 28 E | time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October | etymology: the origin of the name is uncertain; it is sometimes associated with the German word Baer (bear), but a more likely origin is an Indo-European root word ber , meaning \"marshy place\"", "display": "name: Bern", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "federal republic (formally a confederation)", "display": "federal republic (formally a confederation)", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts, except federal decrees of a general obligatory character", "display": "civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts, except federal decrees of a general obligatory character", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: previous 1848, 1874; latest adopted by referendum 18 April 1999, effective 1 January 2000 | amendment process: proposed by the two houses of the Federal Assembly or by petition of at least one hundred thousand voters (called the \"federal popular initiative\"); passage of proposals requires majority vote in a referendum; following drafting of an amendment by the Assembly, its passage requires approval by majority vote in a referendum and approval by the majority of cantons", "display": "history: previous 1848, 1874; latest adopted by referendum 18 April 1999, effective 1 January 2000", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1999 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "26 cantons ( cantons , singular - canton in French; cantoni , singular - cantone in Italian; Kantone , singular - Kanton in German); Aargau, Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Appenzell Innerrhoden, Basel-Landschaft, Basel-Stadt, Berne/Bern, Fribourg/Freiburg, Genève (Geneva), Glarus, Graubuenden/Grigioni/Grischun, Jura, Luzern (Lucerne), Neuchatel, Nidwalden, Obwalden, Sankt Gallen, Schaffhausen, Schwyz, Solothurn, Thurgau, Ticino, Uri, Valais/Wallis, Vaud, Zug, Zuerich | note 1: the names listed above are in the canton's official language(s), with conventional names in parentheses | note 2: 6 of the cantons -- Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Appenzell Innerrhoden, Basel-Landschaft, Basel-Stadt, Nidwalden, Obwalden -- are referred to as half cantons because they elect only one member (instead of two) to the Council of States, and in popular referendums where a majority of popular votes and cantonal votes are required, these 6 cantons have a half vote", "display": "26 cantons ( cantons , singular - canton in French; cantoni , singular - cantone in Italian; Kantone , singular - Kanton in German); Aargau, Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Appenzell Inne…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EFTA, EITI (implementing country), ESA, FAO, FATF, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, MONUSCO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club, PCA, PFP, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMISS, UNMOGIP, UNOOSA, UNRWA, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC", "display": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EFTA, EITI (implementing country), ESA, FAO, FATF, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICA…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "high-income, non-EU European economy; top ten in GDP per capita; renowned banking and financial hub; low unemployment and inflation; slowed GDP growth post-pandemic; highly skilled but aging workforce; key pharmaceutical and precision manufacturing exporter; leader in innovation and competitiveness indices", "display": "high-income, non-EU European economy; top ten in GDP per capita; renowned banking and financial hub; low unemployment and inflation; slowed GDP growth post-pandemic; highly skille…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$741.035 billion (2024 est.) | $731.508 billion (2023 est.) | $726.544 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$741.035 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 741.035, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$82,000 (2024 est.) | $82,300 (2023 est.) | $82,800 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$82,000 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 82000.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "1.3% (2024 est.) | 0.7% (2023 est.) | 3% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "1.3% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "1.1% (2024 est.) | 2.1% (2023 est.) | 2.8% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "1.1% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.011000000000000001, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "4.2% (2024 est.) | 4.1% (2023 est.) | 4.2% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "4.2% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.042, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "machinery, chemicals, watches, textiles, precision instruments, tourism, banking, insurance, pharmaceuticals", "display": "machinery, chemicals, watches, textiles, precision instruments, tourism, banking, insurance, pharmaceuticals", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "milk, sugar beets, wheat, potatoes, pork, apples, barley, beef, maize, grapes (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "milk, sugar beets, wheat, potatoes, pork, apples, barley, beef, maize, grapes (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "gold, packaged medicine, vaccines, nitrogen compounds, base metal watches (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "gold, packaged medicine, vaccines, nitrogen compounds, base metal watches (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "gold, packaged medicine, vaccines, cars, jewelry (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "gold, packaged medicine, vaccines, cars, jewelry (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 97% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 97% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.97, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 4.33 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 49 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 4.33 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 4330000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 0.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | nuclear: 34.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 6.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 0.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 53% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 4.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 0.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "99.578 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "99.578 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "66 (2025)", "display": "66 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 5,296 km (2020) 5,296 km electrified; Switzerland remains the only country with a fully electrified network", "display": "total: 5,296 km (2020) 5,296 km electrified; Switzerland remains the only country with a fully electrified network", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 17 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 14, general cargo 1, other 2 (includes Liechtenstein)", "display": "total: 17 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "air pollution from vehicle emissions; water pollution from agricultural fertilizers; soil pollution from chemical contaminants; soil erosion; loss of biodiversity", "display": "air pollution from vehicle emissions; water pollution from agricultural fertilizers; soil pollution from chemical contaminants; soil erosion; loss of biodiversity", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "33.306 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 195,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 27.528 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 5.583 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "33.306 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "53.5 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "53.5 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 930 million cubic meters (2022) | industrial: 642.7 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 160.1 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 930 million cubic meters (2022)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/switzerland.json" }, { "entity_id": "syria", "name": "Syria", "source_code": "SY", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Middle East", "roadmap_country": "Syria", "coverage_region": "Asia", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 141, "published_fact_count": 51, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 24261882.0, "area_sq_km": 187437.0, "capital": "Damascus", "government_type": "transitional presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 74.8, "urban_population_percent": 57.4, "internet_users_percent": 35.0, "electricity_access_percent": 89.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 4200.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2023, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "After World War I, France acquired a mandate over the northern portion of the former Ottoman Empire province of Syria. The French administered the area until granting it independence in 1946. The new country lacked political stability and experienced a series of military coups. Syria united with Egypt in 1958 to form the United Arab Republic. In 1961, the two entities separated, and the Syrian Arab Republic was reestablished. In the 1967 Arab-Israeli War, Syria lost control of the Golan Heights region to Israel. During the 1990s, Syria and Israel held occasional, albeit unsuccessful, peace talks over its return. In 1970, Hafiz al-ASAD, a member of the socialist Ba'ath Party and the minority Alawi sect, seized power in a bloodless coup and brought political stability to the country. Following the death of al-ASAD, his son, Bashar al-ASAD, was approved as president by popular referendum in 2000. Syrian troops that were stationed in Lebanon since 1976 in an ostensible peacekeeping role were withdrawn in 2005. During the 2006 conflict between Israel and Hizballah, Syria placed its military forces on alert but did not intervene directly on behalf of its ally Hizballah. In 2007, Bashar al-ASAD's second term as president was again approved in a referendum. | In the wake of major uprisings elsewhere in the region, antigovernment protests broke out in the southern province of Dar'a in 2011. Protesters called for the legalization of political parties, the removal of corrupt local officials, and the repeal of the restrictive Emergency Law allowing arrests without charge. Demonstrations and violent unrest spread across Syria, and the government responded with concessions, but also with military force and detentions that led to extended clashes and eventually civil war. International pressure on the Syrian Government intensified after 2011, as the Arab League, the EU, Turkey, and the US expanded economic sanctions against the ASAD regime and those entities that supported it. In 2012, more than 130 countries recognized the Syrian National Coalition as the sole legitimate representative of the Syrian people. In 2015, Russia launched a military intervention on behalf of the ASAD regime, and domestic and foreign-government-aligned forces recaptured swaths of territory from opposition forces. With foreign support, the regime continued to periodically regain opposition-held territory until 2020, when Turkish firepower halted a regime advance and forced a stalemate between regime and opposition forces. The government lacks territorial control over much of the northeastern part of the country, which the predominantly Kurdish Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) hold, and a smaller area dominated by Turkey. | Since 2016, Turkey has conducted three large-scale military operations to capture territory along Syria's northern border. Some opposition forces organized under the Turkish-backed Syrian National Army and Turkish forces have maintained control of northwestern Syria along the Turkish border with the Afrin area of Aleppo Province since 2018. The violent extremist organization Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham (formerly the Nusrah Front) emerged in 2017 as the predominant opposition force in Idlib Province, and still dominates an area also hosting Turkish forces. Negotiations have failed to produce a resolution to the conflict, and the UN estimated in 2022 that at least 306,000 people have died during the civil war. Approximately 6.7 million Syrians were internally displaced as of 2022, and 14.6 million people were in need of humanitarian assistance across the country. An additional 5.6 million Syrians were registered refugees in Turkey, Jordan, Iraq, Egypt, and North Africa. The conflict in Syria remains one of the two largest displacement crises worldwide (the other is the full-scale invasion of Ukraine). | On 8 December 2024, Syrian Islamist rebels captured the capital city of Damascus and overthrew President Bashar al-ASAD. The former president and his family fled to Moscow, where they were granted political asylum. The al-ASAD regime had ruled Syria for over 50 years.", "display": "After World War I, France acquired a mandate over the northern portion of the former Ottoman Empire province of Syria. The French administered the area until granting it independe…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1946 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Lebanon and Turkey", "display": "Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Lebanon and Turkey", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Middle East", "display": "Middle East", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 187,437 sq km | land: 185,887 sq km | water: 1,550 sq km | note: includes 1,295 sq km of Israeli-occupied territory", "display": "total : 187,437 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 187437.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "193 km", "display": "193 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "primarily semiarid and desert plateau; narrow coastal plain; mountains in west", "display": "primarily semiarid and desert plateau; narrow coastal plain; mountains in west", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly desert; hot, dry, sunny summers (June to August) and mild, rainy winters (December to February) along coast; cold weather with snow or sleet periodically in Damascus", "display": "mostly desert; hot, dry, sunny summers (June to August) and mild, rainy winters (December to February) along coast; cold weather with snow or sleet periodically in Damascus", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Mount Hermon (Jabal a-Shayk) 2,814 m | lowest point: Yarmuk River -66 m | mean elevation: 514 m", "display": "highest point: Mount Hermon (Jabal a-Shayk) 2,814 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "dust storms, sandstorms | volcanism: Syria's two historically active volcanoes, Es Safa and an unnamed volcano near the Turkish border, have not erupted in centuries", "display": "dust storms, sandstorms", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "petroleum, phosphates, chrome and manganese ores, asphalt, iron ore, rock salt, marble, gypsum, hydropower", "display": "petroleum, phosphates, chrome and manganese ores, asphalt, iron ore, rock salt, marble, gypsum, hydropower", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "significant population density along the Mediterranean coast; larger concentrations found in the major cities of Damascus, Aleppo (the country's largest city), and Hims (Homs); more than half of the population lives in the coastal plain, the province of Halab, and the Euphrates River valley | note: the recent civil war has altered the population distribution", "display": "significant population density along the Mediterranean coast; larger concentrations found in the major cities of Damascus, Aleppo (the country's largest city), and Hims (Homs); mo…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 24,261,882 (2025 est.) | male: 12,183,128 | female: 12,078,754", "display": "total: 24,261,882 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 24261882.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.63% (2025 est.)", "display": "1.63% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0163, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 57.4% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 5.38% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 57.4% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Arabic (official), Kurdish, Armenian, Aramaic, Circassian, French, English | major-language sample(s): | كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic) | ڕاستییەکانی جیهان، باشترین سەرچاوەیە بۆ زانیارییە بنەڕەتییەکان (Kurdish) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Arabic (official), Kurdish, Armenian, Aramaic, Circassian, French, English", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Muslim 87% (official; includes Sunni 74% and Alawi, Ismaili, and Shia 13%), Christian 10% (includes Orthodox, Uniate, and Nestorian), Druze 3% | note: the Christian population may be considerably smaller as a result of Christians fleeing the country during the ongoing civil war", "display": "Muslim 87% (official; includes Sunni 74% and Alawi, Ismaili, and Shia 13%), Christian 10% (includes Orthodox, Uniate, and Nestorian), Druze 3%", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 74.8 years (2024 est.) | male: 73.4 years | female: 76.4 years", "display": "total population: 74.8 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 74.8, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 24.5 years (2025 est.) | male: 23.6 years | female: 24.7 years", "display": "total: 24.5 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "2.585 million DAMASCUS (capital), 2.203 million Aleppo, 1.443 million Hims (Homs), 996,000 Hamah (2023)", "display": "2.585 million DAMASCUS (capital), 2.203 million Aleppo, 1.443 million Hims (Homs), 996,000 Hamah (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 94.4% (2021 est.) | male: 97.2% (2021 est.) | female: 91.8% (2021 est.)", "display": "total population: 94.4% (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Syrian Arab Republic | conventional short form: Syria | local long form: Al Jumhuriyah al Arabiyah as Suriyah | local short form: Suriyah | former: United Arab Republic (with Egypt) | etymology: the source of the name is uncertain; the name appears as \"Suri\" in Babylonian cuneiform writings dating from about 4000 B.C.", "display": "conventional long form: Syrian Arab Republic", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Damascus | geographic coordinates: 33 30 N, 36 18 E | time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: the city has an ancient, pre-Semitic name of unknown origin", "display": "name: Damascus", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "transitional presidential republic", "display": "transitional presidential republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "mixed system of civil and Islamic (sharia) law (for family courts)", "display": "mixed system of civil and Islamic (sharia) law (for family courts)", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: Syria's 2012 constitution was rescinded by the Hayat Tahrir al-Sham-led government in January 2025; in March 2025, interim authorities announced a transitional constitution to remain in effect for up to five years", "display": "history: Syria's 2012 constitution was rescinded by the Hayat Tahrir al-Sham-led government in January 2025; in March 2025, interim authorities announced a transitional constituti…", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2012 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "14 provinces ( muhafazat , singular - muhafazah ); Al Hasakah, Al Ladhiqiyah (Latakia), Al Qunaytirah, Ar Raqqah, As Suwayda', Dar'a, Dayr az Zawr, Dimashq (Damascus), Halab (Aleppo), Hamah, Hims (Homs), Idlib, Rif Dimashq (Damascus Countryside), Tartus", "display": "14 provinces ( muhafazat , singular - muhafazah ); Al Hasakah, Al Ladhiqiyah (Latakia), Al Qunaytirah, Ar Raqqah, As Suwayda', Dar'a, Dayr az Zawr, Dimashq (Damascus), Halab (Alep…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": 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"estimate_year": 2023 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "-1.2% (2023 est.) | 0.7% (2022 est.) | 1.9% (2021 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "-1.2% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "94.1% (2022 est.) | 98.3% (2021 est.) | 114.2% (2020 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "94.1% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.941, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "13% (2024 est.) | 13.2% (2023 est.) | 13.3% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "13% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.13, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "petroleum, textiles, food processing, beverages, tobacco, phosphate rock mining, cement, oil seeds crushing, automobile assembly", "display": "petroleum, textiles, food processing, beverages, tobacco, phosphate rock mining, cement, oil seeds crushing, automobile assembly", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "wheat, barley, milk, sheep milk, tomatoes, olives, potatoes, maize, oranges, grapes (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "wheat, barley, milk, sheep milk, tomatoes, olives, potatoes, maize, oranges, grapes (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "olive oil, phosphates, spice seeds, cotton, tomatoes (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "olive oil, phosphates, spice seeds, cotton, tomatoes (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "tobacco, plastics, wheat flours, plastic products, seed oils (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "tobacco, plastics, wheat flours, plastic products, seed oils (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 35% (2019 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 35% (2019 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.35, "estimate_year": 2019 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 1.62 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 7 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 1.62 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 1620000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 89% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 100% | electrification - rural areas: 75%", "display": "electrification - total population: 89% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 95.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 0.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 3.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 95.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "13.569 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "13.569 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "42 (2025)", "display": "42 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 3 (2024) | large: 1 | medium: 1 | small: 1 | very small: 0 | ports with oil terminals: 3 | key ports: Al Ladhiqiyah, Baniyas, Tartus", "display": "total ports: 3 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 2,052 km (2014) | standard gauge: 1,801 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge | narrow gauge: 251 km (2014) 1.050-m gauge", "display": "total: 2,052 km (2014)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2014 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 24 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 1, container ship 1, general cargo 8, oil tanker 1, other 13", "display": "total: 24 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; depletion of water resources; water pollution from raw sewage and petroleum refining wastes; inadequate potable water", "display": "deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; depletion of water resources; water pollution from raw sewage and petroleum refining wastes; inadequate potable water", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "20.243 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 33,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 14.79 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 5.42 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "20.243 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "16.802 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "16.802 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 1.475 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 615.4 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 14.67 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 1.475 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping-London…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/syria.json" }, { "entity_id": "taiwan", "name": "Taiwan", "source_code": "TW", "source_entity_class": "additional-jurisdiction-or-area", "source_region": "Southeast Asia", "roadmap_country": null, "coverage_region": null, "roadmap_status": "additional", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 119, "published_fact_count": 47, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 23600776.0, "area_sq_km": 35980.0, "capital": "Taipei", "government_type": "semi-presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 81.6, "urban_population_percent": 80.1, "internet_users_percent": 90.0, "electricity_access_percent": null, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 32300.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2023, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "First inhabited by Austronesian people, Taiwan became home to Han immigrants beginning in the late Ming Dynasty (17th century). In 1895, military defeat forced China's Qing Dynasty to cede Taiwan to Japan, which then governed Taiwan for 50 years. Taiwan came under Chinese Nationalist (Kuomintang, KMT) control after World War II. With the communist victory in the Chinese civil war in 1949, the Nationalist-controlled Republic of China government and 2 million Nationalists fled to Taiwan and continued to claim to be the legitimate government for mainland China and Taiwan, based on a 1947 constitution drawn up for all of China. Until 1987, however, the Nationalist Government ruled Taiwan under a civil war martial law declaration dating to 1948. Beginning in the 1970s, Nationalist authorities gradually began to incorporate the native population into the governing structure beyond the local level. | The democratization process expanded rapidly in the 1980s, leading to the then-illegal founding of the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), Taiwan’s first opposition party, in 1986 and the lifting of martial law the following year. Taiwan held legislative elections in 1992, the first in over 40 years, and its first direct presidential election in 1996. In the 2000 presidential elections, Taiwan underwent its first peaceful transfer of power with the KMT loss to the DPP and afterwards experienced two additional democratic transfers of power in 2008 and 2016. Throughout this period, the island prospered and turned into one of East Asia's economic \"Tigers,\" becoming a major investor in mainland China after 2000 as cross-Strait ties matured. The dominant political issues continue to be economic reform and growth, as well as management of sensitive relations between Taiwan and China.", "display": "First inhabited by Austronesian people, Taiwan became home to Han immigrants beginning in the late Ming Dynasty (17th century). In 1895, military defeat forced China's Qing Dynast…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1949 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Eastern Asia, islands bordering the East China Sea, Philippine Sea, South China Sea, and Taiwan Strait, north of the Philippines, off the southeastern coast of China", "display": "Eastern Asia, islands bordering the East China Sea, Philippine Sea, South China Sea, and Taiwan Strait, north of the Philippines, off the southeastern coast of China", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southeast Asia", "display": "Southeast Asia", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 35,980 sq km | land: 32,260 sq km | water: 3,720 sq km | note: includes the Pescadores, Matsu, and Kinmen islands", "display": "total : 35,980 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 35980.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "1,566.3 km", "display": "1,566.3 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "eastern two-thirds mostly rugged mountains; flat to gently rolling plains in west", "display": "eastern two-thirds mostly rugged mountains; flat to gently rolling plains in west", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical; marine; rainy season during southwest monsoon (June to August); persistent and extensive cloudiness all year", "display": "tropical; marine; rainy season during southwest monsoon (June to August); persistent and extensive cloudiness all year", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Yu Shan 3,952 m | lowest point: South China Sea 0 m | mean elevation: 1,150 m", "display": "highest point: Yu Shan 3,952 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "earthquakes; typhoons | volcanism: Kueishantao Island (401 m), east of Taiwan, is the only historically active volcano, but it has not erupted in centuries", "display": "earthquakes; typhoons", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "small deposits of coal, natural gas, limestone, marble, asbestos, arable land", "display": "small deposits of coal, natural gas, limestone, marble, asbestos, arable land", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "distribution exhibits a peripheral coastal settlement pattern, with the largest populations on the north and west coasts", "display": "distribution exhibits a peripheral coastal settlement pattern, with the largest populations on the north and west coasts", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 23,600,776 (2025 est.) | male: 11,596,835 | female: 12,003,941", "display": "total: 23,600,776 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 23600776.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.02% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.02% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0002, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 80.1% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.65% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 80.1% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Mandarin (official), Min Nan, Hakka dialects, approximately 16 indigenous languages | major-language sample(s): | 世界概況 – 不可缺少的基本消息來源 (Mandarin) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Mandarin (official), Min Nan, Hakka dialects, approximately 16 indigenous languages", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Buddhist 35.3%, Taoist 33.2%, Christian 3.9%, folk religion (includes Confucian) approximately 10%, none or unspecified 18.2% (2005 est.)", "display": "Buddhist 35.3%, Taoist 33.2%, Christian 3.9%, folk religion (includes Confucian) approximately 10%, none or unspecified 18.2% (2005 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2005 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 81.6 years (2024 est.) | male: 78.6 years | female: 84.7 years", "display": "total population: 81.6 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 81.6, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 45.1 years (2025 est.) | male: 43.6 years | female: 45.5 years", "display": "total: 45.1 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "4.504 million New Taipei City, 2.754 million TAIPEI (capital), 2.319 million Taoyuan, 1.553 million Kaohsiung, 1.369 million Taichung, 863,000 Tainan (2023)", "display": "4.504 million New Taipei City, 2.754 million TAIPEI (capital), 2.319 million Taoyuan, 1.553 million Kaohsiung, 1.369 million Taichung, 863,000 Tainan (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: none | conventional short form: Taiwan | local long form: none | local short form: Taiwan | former: Formosa | etymology: the name may derive from the Chinese words tai (terrace) and wan (bay), referring to the island's terrain; in 1590, the Portuguese named it Formosa, meaning \"beautiful\"", "display": "conventional long form: none", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Taipei | geographic coordinates: 25 02 N, 121 31 E | time difference: UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: the name means \"Northern Taiwan,\" from the Chinese words tai (a short form of Taiwan) and bei (north), reflecting the city's position in the far north of the island", "display": "name: Taipei", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "semi-presidential republic", "display": "semi-presidential republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law system", "display": "civil law system", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: previous 1912, 1931; latest adopted 25 December 1946, promulgated 1 January 1947, effective 25 December 1947 | amendment process: proposed by at least one fourth of the Legislative Yuan membership; passage requires approval by at least three-fourths majority vote of at least three fourths of the Legislative Yuan membership and approval in a referendum by more than half of eligible voters", "display": "history: previous 1912, 1931; latest adopted 25 December 1946, promulgated 1 January 1947, effective 25 December 1947", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1912 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "includes main island of Taiwan, plus smaller islands nearby and off coast of China's Fujian Province; Taiwan is divided into 13 counties ( xian , singular and plural), 3 cities ( shi , singular and plural), and 6 special municipalities directly under the jurisdiction of the Executive Yuan | counties: Changhua, Chiayi, Hsinchu, Hualien, Kinmen, Lienchiang, Miaoli, Nantou, Penghu, Pingtung, Taitung, Yilan, Yunlin | cities: Chiayi, Hsinchu, Keelung | special municipalities: Kaohsiung (city), New Taipei (city), Taichung (city), Tainan (city), Taipei (city), Taoyuan (city) | note: Taiwan uses a variety of romanization systems for names; a modified Wade-Giles system still dominates, but the city of Taipei has adopted a Pinyin romanization for street and place names; other local authorities use different romanization systems", "display": "includes main island of Taiwan, plus smaller islands nearby and off coast of China's Fujian Province; Taiwan is divided into 13 counties ( xian , singular and plural), 3 cities (…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ADB (Chinese Taipei), APEC (Chinese Taipei), BCIE, CABEI, IOC, ITUC (NGOs), SICA (observer), WTO (Chinese Taipei) | note: separate customs territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, and Matsu", "display": "ADB (Chinese Taipei), APEC (Chinese Taipei), BCIE, CABEI, IOC, ITUC (NGOs), SICA (observer), WTO (Chinese Taipei)", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "high-income East Asian economy; most technologically advanced computer microchip manufacturing; increasing Chinese interference threatens market capabilities; minimum wages rising; longstanding regional socioeconomic inequality", "display": "high-income East Asian economy; most technologically advanced computer microchip manufacturing; increasing Chinese interference threatens market capabilities; minimum wages rising…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$1.743 trillion (2023 est.) | $1.664 trillion (2022 est.) | $1.512 trillion (2021 est.)", "display": "$1.743 trillion (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 1743.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$32,300 (2023 est.) | $32,600 (2022 est.) | $32,900 (2021 est.) | note: data are in current dollars", "display": "$32,300 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 32300.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "1.28% (2023 est.) | 2.59% (2022 est.) | 6.62% (2021 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "1.28% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.2% (2024 est.) | 2.5% (2023 est.) | 2.9% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "2.2% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.022000000000000002, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3.4% (2024 est.) | 3.5% (2023 est.) | 3.7% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "3.4% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.034, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "electronics, communications and information technology products, petroleum refining, chemicals, textiles, iron and steel, machinery, cement, food processing, vehicles, consumer products, pharmaceuticals", "display": "electronics, communications and information technology products, petroleum refining, chemicals, textiles, iron and steel, machinery, cement, food processing, vehicles, consumer pr…", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "rice, vegetables, pork, chicken, cabbages, milk, sugarcane, tropical fruits, pineapples, eggs (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "rice, vegetables, pork, chicken, cabbages, milk, sugarcane, tropical fruits, pineapples, eggs (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "integrated circuits, machine parts, broadcasting equipment, computers, plastics (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "integrated circuits, machine parts, broadcasting equipment, computers, plastics (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "integrated circuits, crude petroleum, machinery, natural gas, coal (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "integrated circuits, crude petroleum, machinery, natural gas, coal (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 90% (2021 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 90% (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.9, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 5,831,470 (2019 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 25 (2019 est.)", "display": "total: 5,831,470 (2019 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 5831470.0, "estimate_year": 2019 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 84.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | nuclear: 6.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 4.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 2.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 1.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 1.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 84.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "206.102 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "206.102 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "57 (2025)", "display": "57 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 8 (2024) | large: 1 | medium: 3 | small: 2 | very small: 2 | ports with oil terminals: 8 | key ports: Chi-Lung, Hua-Lien Kang, Kao-Hsiung, Su-Ao", "display": "total ports: 8 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 1,613.1 km (2018) | standard gauge: 345 km (2018) 1.435-m gauge (345 km electrified) | narrow gauge: 1,118.1 km (2018) 1.067-m gauge (793.9 km electrified) | 150 0.762-m gauge note: the 0.762-gauge track belongs to three entities: the Forestry Bureau, Taiwan Cement, and TaiPower", "display": "total: 1,613.1 km (2018)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 465 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 29, container ship 53, general cargo 58, oil tanker 35, other 290", "display": "total: 465 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "air pollution; water pollution from industrial emissions, raw sewage; contamination of drinking water supplies; trade in endangered species; low-level radioactive waste disposal", "display": "air pollution; water pollution from industrial emissions, raw sewage; contamination of drinking water supplies; trade in endangered species; low-level radioactive waste disposal", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "289.109 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 140.734 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 92.014 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 56.361 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "289.109 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "67 cubic meters (2011)", "display": "67 cubic meters (2011)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2011 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/taiwan.json" }, { "entity_id": "tajikistan", "name": "Tajikistan", "source_code": "TJ", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Asia", "roadmap_country": "Tajikistan", "coverage_region": "Asia", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 146, "published_fact_count": 50, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 10593876.0, "area_sq_km": 144100.0, "capital": "Dushanbe", "government_type": "presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 71.9, "urban_population_percent": 28.2, "internet_users_percent": 56.99999999999999, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 4800.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": true }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "The Tajik people came under Russian imperial rule in the 1860s and 1870s, but Russia's hold on Central Asia weakened following the Revolution of 1917. At that time, bands of indigenous guerrillas (known as \"basmachi\") fiercely contested Bolshevik control of the area, which was not fully reestablished until 1925. Tajikistan was first established as an autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic within the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic in 1924, but in 1929 the Soviet Union made Tajikistan as a separate republic and transferred to it much of present-day Sughd Province. Ethnic Uzbeks form a substantial minority in Tajikistan, and ethnic Tajiks an even larger minority in Uzbekistan. Tajikistan became independent in 1991 after the breakup of the Soviet Union, and the country experienced a civil war among political, regional, and religious factions from 1992 to 1997. | Despite Tajikistan's general elections for both the presidency (once every seven years) and legislature (once every five years), observers note an electoral system rife with irregularities and abuse, and results that are neither free nor fair. President Emomali RAHMON, who came to power in 1992 during the civil war and was first elected president in 1994, used an attack planned by a disaffected deputy defense minister in 2015 to ban the last major opposition party in Tajikistan. RAHMON further strengthened his position by having himself declared \"Founder of Peace and National Unity, Leader of the Nation,\" with limitless terms and lifelong immunity through constitutional amendments ratified in a referendum. The referendum also lowered the minimum age required to run for president from 35 to 30, which made RAHMON's first-born son Rustam EMOMALI, the mayor of the capital city of Dushanbe, eligible to run for president in 2020. RAHMON orchestrated EMOMALI's selection in 2020 as chairman of the Majlisi Milli (the upper chamber of Tajikistan's parliament), positioning EMOMALI as next in line of succession for the presidency. RAHMON opted to run in the presidential election later that year and received 91% of the vote. | The country remains the poorest of the former Soviet republics. Tajikistan became a member of the WTO in 2013, but its economy continues to face major challenges, including dependence on remittances from Tajikistani migrant laborers in Russia and Kazakhstan, pervasive corruption, the opiate trade, and destabilizing violence emanating from neighboring Afghanistan. Tajikistan has endured several domestic security incidents since 2010, including armed conflict between government forces and local strongmen in the Rasht Valley and between government forces and informal leaders in Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Oblast. Tajikistan suffered its first ISIS-claimed attack in 2018, when assailants attacked a group of Western bicyclists, killing four. Friction between forces on the border between Tajikistan and the Kyrgyz Republic flared up in 2021, culminating in fatal clashes between border forces in 2021 and 2022.", "display": "The Tajik people came under Russian imperial rule in the 1860s and 1870s, but Russia's hold on Central Asia weakened following the Revolution of 1917. At that time, bands of indig…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1917 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Central Asia, west of China, south of Kyrgyzstan", "display": "Central Asia, west of China, south of Kyrgyzstan", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Asia", "display": "Asia", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 144,100 sq km | land: 141,510 sq km | water: 2,590 sq km", "display": "total : 144,100 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 144100.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "0 km (landlocked)", "display": "0 km (landlocked)", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mountainous region dominated by the Alay Mountains in the north and the Pamirs in the southeast; western Fergana Valley in north, Kofirnihon and Vakhsh Valleys in southwest", "display": "mountainous region dominated by the Alay Mountains in the north and the Pamirs in the southeast; western Fergana Valley in north, Kofirnihon and Vakhsh Valleys in southwest", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mid-latitude continental, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid to polar in Pamir Mountains", "display": "mid-latitude continental, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid to polar in Pamir Mountains", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Qullai Somoniyon 7,495 m | lowest point: Syr Darya (Sirdaryo) 300 m | mean elevation: 3,186 m", "display": "highest point: Qullai Somoniyon 7,495 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "earthquakes; floods", "display": "earthquakes; floods", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "hydropower, some petroleum, uranium, mercury, brown coal, lead, zinc, antimony, tungsten, silver, gold", "display": "hydropower, some petroleum, uranium, mercury, brown coal, lead, zinc, antimony, tungsten, silver, gold", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "the population is concentrated at lower elevations, with perhaps as many as 90% living in valleys; overall density increases from east to west", "display": "the population is concentrated at lower elevations, with perhaps as many as 90% living in valleys; overall density increases from east to west", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 10,593,876 (2025 est.) | male: 5,322,920 | female: 5,270,956", "display": "total: 10,593,876 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 10593876.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.89% (2025 est.)", "display": "1.89% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0189, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 28.2% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 2.73% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 28.2% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Tajik (official) 84.4%, Uzbek 11.9%, Kyrgyz 0.8%, Russian 0.5%, other 2.4% (2010 est.) | major-language sample(s): | Китоби Фактҳои Ҷаҳонӣ, манбаи бебадали маълумоти асосӣ (Tajik) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. | note: Russian widely used in government and business", "display": "Tajik (official) 84.4%, Uzbek 11.9%, Kyrgyz 0.8%, Russian 0.5%, other 2.4% (2010 est.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2010 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Muslim 98% (Sunni 95%, Shia 3%) other 2% (2014 est.)", "display": "Muslim 98% (Sunni 95%, Shia 3%) other 2% (2014 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2014 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 71.9 years (2024 est.) | male: 70.1 years | female: 73.8 years", "display": "total population: 71.9 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 71.9, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 22.8 years (2025 est.) | male: 22.3 years | female: 23.2 years", "display": "total: 22.8 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "987,000 DUSHANBE (capital) (2023)", "display": "987,000 DUSHANBE (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "female: 94.6% (2017 est.)", "display": "female: 94.6% (2017 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2017 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 12 years (2024 est.) | male: 12 years (2024 est.) | female: 11 years (2024 est.)", "display": "total: 12 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Tajikistan | conventional short form: Tajikistan | local long form: Jumhurii Tojikiston | local short form: Tojikiston | former: Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic | etymology: the Persian suffix - ostan means \"land,\" so the country name means \"Land of the Tajik [people];\" the name Tajik comes from the Sanskrit tajika , a name originally used to distinguish Arabs from Turks and derived from the Tay, an Arab people", "display": "conventional long form: Republic of Tajikistan", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Dushanbe | geographic coordinates: 38 33 N, 68 46 E | time difference: UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: the name means Monday in Persian; today's city was originally at the crossroads where a large bazaar was held on Mondays, or the second day ( du ) after Saturday ( shambe )", "display": "name: Dushanbe", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "presidential republic", "display": "presidential republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law system", "display": "civil law system", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: several previous; latest adopted 6 November 1994 | amendment process: proposed by the president of the republic or by at least one third of the total membership of both houses of the Supreme Assembly; adoption of any amendment requires a referendum, which includes approval of the president or approval by at least two-thirds majority of the Assembly of Representatives; passage in a referendum requires participation of an absolute majority of eligible voters and an absolute majority of votes; constitutional articles, including Tajikistan’s form of government, its territory, and its democratic nature, cannot be amended", "display": "history: several previous; latest adopted 6 November 1994", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1994 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": 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IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM (observer), OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SCO, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ADB, CICA, CIS, CSTO, EAEC, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-77, GCTU, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, I…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "lower-middle-income Central Asian economy; large infrastructure projects, including Rogun Dam, and a push towards green development and digitalization driving growth; strong metal mining, electricity, and manufacturing industries; challenges include land scarcity, climate vulnerability, and complex bureaucratic processes for investors", "display": "lower-middle-income Central Asian economy; large infrastructure projects, including Rogun Dam, and a push towards green development and digitalization driving growth; strong metal…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$50.37 billion (2024 est.) | $46.467 billion (2023 est.) | $42.905 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$50.37 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 50.37, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$4,800 (2024 est.) | $4,500 (2023 est.) | $4,200 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$4,800 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 4800.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "8.4% (2024 est.) | 8.3% (2023 est.) | 8% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "8.4% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "7.7% (2019 est.) | 3.9% (2018 est.) | 7.3% (2017 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "7.7% (2019 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.077, "estimate_year": 2019 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "11.7% (2024 est.) | 11.6% (2023 est.) | 11.7% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "11.7% 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"exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "gold, precious metal ore, aluminum, lead ore, antimony (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "gold, precious metal ore, aluminum, lead ore, antimony (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "garments, footwear, cars, wheat, vehicle parts/accessories (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "garments, footwear, cars, wheat, vehicle parts/accessories (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 57% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 57% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.57, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 6,000 (2022 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2022 est.) less than 1", "display": "total: 6,000 (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 6000.0, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 99% | electrification - rural areas: 100%", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 7.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 92.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 7.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "16.192 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "16.192 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "19 (2025)", "display": "19 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 680 km (2014) | broad gauge: 680 km (2014) 1.520-m gauge", "display": "total: 680 km (2014)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2014 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "air pollution from motor vehicles and industry; water pollution from agricultural runoff and untreated industrial waste and sewage; poor management of water resources; soil erosion; increasing levels of soil salinity", "display": "air pollution from motor vehicles and industry; water pollution from agricultural runoff and untreated industrial waste and sewage; poor management of water resources; soil erosio…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "8.616 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 4.676 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 3.855 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 86,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "8.616 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "21.91 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "21.91 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 912 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 1.61 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 7.378 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 912 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environ…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/tajikistan.json" }, { "entity_id": "tanzania", "name": "Tanzania", "source_code": "TZ", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Africa", "roadmap_country": "Tanzania", "coverage_region": "Africa", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 151, "published_fact_count": 52, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 69145464.0, "area_sq_km": 947300.0, "capital": "Dodoma", "government_type": "presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 70.8, "urban_population_percent": 37.4, "internet_users_percent": 28.999999999999996, "electricity_access_percent": 45.8, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 3700.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Tanzania contains some of Africa’s most iconic national parks and famous paleoanthropological sites, and its diverse cultural heritage reflects the multiple ethnolinguistic groups that live in the country. Its long history of integration into trade networks spanning the Indian Ocean and the African interior led to the development of Swahili as a common language in much of east Africa and the introduction of Islam into the region. A number of independent coastal and island trading posts in what is now Tanzania came under Portuguese control after 1498 when they began to take control of much of the coast and Indian Ocean trade. By 1700, the Sultanate of Oman had become the dominant power in the region after ousting the Portuguese, who were also facing a series of local uprisings. During the next hundred years, Zanzibar -- an archipelago off the coast that is now part of Tanzania -- became a hub of Indian Ocean trade, with Arab and Indian traders establishing and consolidating trade routes with communities in mainland Tanzania that contributed to the expansion of the slave trade. Zanzibar briefly became the capital of the Sultanate of Oman before it split into separate Omani and Zanzibar Sultanates in 1856. Beginning in the mid-1800s, European explorers, traders, and Christian missionaries became more active in the region. The Germans eventually established control over mainland Tanzania -- which they called Tanganyika -- and the British established control over Zanzibar. Tanganyika came under British administration after the German defeat in World War I. | Tanganyika gained independence from Great Britain in 1961, and Zanzibar followed in 1963 as a constitutional monarchy. In Tanganyika, Julius NYERERE, a charismatic and idealistic socialist, established a one-party political system that centralized power and encouraged national self-reliance and rural development. In 1964, a popular uprising overthrew the Sultan in Zanzibar and either killed or expelled many of the Arabs and Indians who had dominated the isles for more than 200 years. Later that year, Tanganyika and Zanzibar combined to form the United Republic of Tanzania, but Zanzibar retained considerable autonomy. Their two ruling parties combined to form the Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) party in 1977, which has since won every presidential election. Tanzania held its first multi-party elections in 1995, but CCM candidates have continued to dominate politics. The ruling party has claimed victory in four contentious elections since 1995, despite international observers' claims of voting irregularities. In 2001, 35 people died in Zanzibar when soldiers fired on protestors. John MAGUFULI won the 2015 and 2020 presidential elections, and the CCM won over two-thirds of the seats in Parliament in both elections. MAGUFULI died in 2021 while in office and was succeeded by his vice president, Samia Suluhu HASSAN.", "display": "Tanzania contains some of Africa’s most iconic national parks and famous paleoanthropological sites, and its diverse cultural heritage reflects the multiple ethnolinguistic groups…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1961 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Kenya and Mozambique", "display": "Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Kenya and Mozambique", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Africa", "display": "Africa", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 947,300 sq km | land: 885,800 sq km | water: 61,500 sq km | note: includes the islands of Mafia, Pemba, and Zanzibar", "display": "total : 947,300 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 947300.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "1,424 km", "display": "1,424 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "plains along coast; central plateau; highlands in north, south", "display": "plains along coast; central plateau; highlands in north, south", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "varies from tropical along coast to temperate in highlands", "display": "varies from tropical along coast to temperate in highlands", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Kilimanjaro (highest point in Africa) 5,895 m | lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m | mean elevation: 1,018 m", "display": "highest point: Kilimanjaro (highest point in Africa) 5,895 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "flooding on the central plateau during the rainy season; drought | volcanism: limited volcanic activity; Ol Doinyo Lengai (2,962 m) has emitted lava in recent years; other historically active volcanoes include Kieyo and Meru", "display": "flooding on the central plateau during the rainy season; drought", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "hydropower, tin, phosphates, iron ore, coal, diamonds, gemstones (including tanzanite, found only in Tanzania), gold, natural gas, nickel", "display": "hydropower, tin, phosphates, iron ore, coal, diamonds, gemstones (including tanzanite, found only in Tanzania), gold, natural gas, nickel", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "the largest and most populous East African country; population distribution is extremely uneven, but greater population clusters occur in the northern half of country and along the east coast, as shown in this population distribution map", "display": "the largest and most populous East African country; population distribution is extremely uneven, but greater population clusters occur in the northern half of country and along th…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 69,145,464 (2025 est.) | male: 34,597,449 | female: 34,548,015", "display": "total: 69,145,464 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 69145464.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "2.85% (2025 est.)", "display": "2.85% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0285, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 37.4% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 4.89% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 37.4% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Kiswahili or Swahili (official), Kiunguja (name for Swahili in Zanzibar), English (official, primary language of commerce, administration, and higher education), Arabic, many local languages | major-language sample(s): | The World Factbook, Chanzo cha Lazima Kuhusu Habari ya Msingi. (Kiswahili) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Kiswahili or Swahili (official), Kiunguja (name for Swahili in Zanzibar), English (official, primary language of commerce, administration, and higher education), Arabic, many loca…", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Christian 63.1%, Muslim 34.1%, folk religion 1.1%, Buddhist <1%, Hindu <1%, Jewish <1%, other <1%, unspecified 1.6% (2020 est.) | note: Zanzibar is almost entirely Muslim", "display": "Christian 63.1%, Muslim 34.1%, folk religion 1.1%, Buddhist <1%, Hindu <1%, Jewish <1%, other <1%, unspecified 1.6% (2020 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 70.8 years (2024 est.) | male: 69 years | female: 72.6 years", "display": "total population: 70.8 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 70.8, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 18.8 years (2025 est.) | male: 18.8 years | female: 19.4 years", "display": "total: 18.8 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "262,000 Dodoma (legislative capital) (2018), 7.776 million DAR ES SALAAM (administrative capital), 1.311 million Mwanza, 800,000 Zanzibar (2023)", "display": "262,000 Dodoma (legislative capital) (2018), 7.776 million DAR ES SALAAM (administrative capital), 1.311 million Mwanza, 800,000 Zanzibar (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 78.2% (2022 est.) | male: 84.2% (2022 est.) | female: 73.1% (2022 est.)", "display": "total population: 78.2% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 9 years (2021 est.) | male: 9 years (2021 est.) | female: 9 years (2021 est.)", "display": "total: 9 years (2021 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: United Republic of Tanzania | conventional short form: Tanzania | local long form: Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania | local short form: Tanzania | former: German East Africa, Trust Territory of Tanganyika, Republic of Tanganyika, People's Republic of Zanzibar, United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar | etymology: the country's name is a combination of the first letters of Tanganyika and Zanzibar, the two states that merged to form Tanzania in 1964", "display": "conventional long form: United Republic of Tanzania", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1964 }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Dodoma | geographic coordinates: 6 48 S, 39 17 E | time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: the name comes from the name of a nearby mountain; the origin of the mountain's name is unclear", "display": "name: Dodoma", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "presidential republic", "display": "presidential republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "English common law; judicial review of legislative acts limited to matters of interpretation", "display": "English common law; judicial review of legislative acts limited to matters of interpretation", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: several previous; latest adopted 25 April 1977 | amendment process: proposed by the National Assembly; passage of amendments to constitutional articles including those on sovereignty of the United Republic, the authorities and powers of the government, the president, the Assembly, and the High Court requires two-thirds majority vote of the mainland Assembly membership and of the Zanzibar House of Representatives membership; House of Representatives approval of other amendments is not required", "display": "history: several previous; latest adopted 25 April 1977", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1977 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "31 regions; Arusha, Dar es Salaam, Dodoma, Geita, Iringa, Kagera, Kaskazini Pemba (Pemba North), Kaskazini Unguja (Zanzibar North), Katavi, Kigoma, Kilimanjaro, Kusini Pemba (Pemba South), Kusini Unguja (Zanzibar Central/South), Lindi, Manyara, Mara, Mbeya, Mjini Magharibi (Zanzibar Urban/West), Morogoro, Mtwara, Mwanza, Njombe, Pwani (Coast), Rukwa, Ruvuma, Shinyanga, Simiyu, Singida, Songwe, Tabora, Tanga", "display": "31 regions; Arusha, Dar es Salaam, Dodoma, Geita, Iringa, Kagera, Kaskazini Pemba (Pemba North), Kaskazini Unguja (Zanzibar North), Katavi, Kigoma, Kilimanjaro, Kusini Pemba (Pemb…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, EAC, EADB, EITI, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, EAC, EADB, EITI, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, 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"$246.706 billion (2024 est.) | $233.786 billion (2023 est.) | $222.506 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$246.706 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 246.706, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$3,700 (2024 est.) | $3,600 (2023 est.) | $3,500 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$3,700 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 3700.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "5.5% (2024 est.) | 5.1% (2023 est.) | 4.6% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "5.5% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": 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(sugar, beer, cigarettes, sisal twine); mining (diamonds, gold, and iron), salt, soda ash; cement, oil refining, shoes, apparel, wood products, fertilizer", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "maize, cassava, sweet potatoes, bananas, milk, sugarcane, rice, vegetables, beans, sunflower seeds (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "maize, cassava, sweet potatoes, bananas, milk, sugarcane, rice, vegetables, beans, sunflower seeds (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "gold, refined petroleum, dried legumes, refined copper, coal (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in 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"category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 1.66 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 2 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 1.66 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 1660000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 45.8% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 74.7% | electrification - rural areas: 36%", "display": "electrification - total population: 45.8% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 74.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 0.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 24.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 0.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 74.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "4.091 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "4.091 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "206 (2025)", "display": "206 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 8 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 1 | small: 3 | very small: 4 | ports with oil terminals: 4 | key ports: Chake Chake, Dar Es Salaam, Tanga, Zanzibar", "display": "total ports: 8 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 4,097 km (2022) | standard gauge: 421 km (2022) | narrow gauge: 969 km (2022) 1.067 m gauge | broad gauge: 2,707 km (2022) 1.000 m guage", "display": "total: 4,097 km (2022)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 381 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 4, container ship 17, general cargo 170, oil tanker 58, other 132", "display": "total: 381 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "water pollution; improper management of liquid waste; indoor air pollution from burning wood or charcoal for cooking and heating; soil degradation; deforestation; desertification; coral reef destruction; illegal hunting and animal trade, especially ivory; loss of biodiversity; solid waste disposal", "display": "water pollution; improper management of liquid waste; indoor air pollution from burning wood or charcoal for cooking and heating; soil degradation; deforestation; desertification;…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "17.707 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 1.687 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 12.066 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 3.954 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "17.707 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "96.27 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "96.27 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 527 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 25 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 4.632 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 527 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardo…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/tanzania.json" }, { "entity_id": "thailand", "name": "Thailand", "source_code": "TH", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Southeast Asia", "roadmap_country": "Thailand", "coverage_region": "Asia", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 159, "published_fact_count": 52, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 70025248.0, "area_sq_km": 513120.0, "capital": "Bangkok", "government_type": "constitutional monarchy", "life_expectancy_years": 78.2, "urban_population_percent": 53.6, "internet_users_percent": 90.0, "electricity_access_percent": 99.9, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 21700.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Two unified Thai kingdoms emerged in the mid-13th century. The Sukhothai Kingdom, located in the south-central plains, gained its independence from the Khmer Empire to the east. By the late 13th century, Sukhothai’s territory extended into present-day Burma and Laos. Sukhothai lasted until the mid-15th century. The Thai Lan Na Kingdom was established in the north with its capital at Chang Mai; the Burmese conquered Lan Na in the 16th century. The Ayutthaya Kingdom (14th-18th centuries) succeeded the Sukhothai and would become known as the Siamese Kingdom. During the Ayutthaya period, the Thai/Siamese peoples consolidated their hold on what is present-day central and north-central Thailand. Following a military defeat at the hands of the Burmese in 1767, the Siamese Kingdom rose to new heights under the military ruler TAKSIN, who defeated the Burmese occupiers and expanded the kingdom’s territory into modern-day northern Thailand (formerly the Lan Na Kingdom), Cambodia, Laos, and the Malay Peninsula. In the mid-1800s, Western pressure led to Siam signing trade treaties that reduced the country’s sovereignty and independence. In the 1890s and 1900s, the British and French forced the kingdom to cede Cambodian, Laotian, and Malay territories that had been under Siamese control. | Following a bloodless revolution in 1932 that led to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy, Thailand's political history was marked by a series of mostly bloodless coups with power concentrated among military and bureaucratic elites. Periods of civilian rule were unstable. The Cold War era saw a communist insurgency and the rise of strongman leaders. Thailand became a US treaty ally in 1954 after sending troops to Korea and later fighting alongside the US in Vietnam. In the 21st century, Thailand has experienced additional turmoil, including a military coup in 2006 that ousted then Prime Minister THAKSIN Chinnawat and large-scale street protests led by competing political factions in 2008-2010. In 2011, THAKSIN's youngest sister, YINGLAK Chinnawat, led the Puea Thai Party to an electoral win and assumed control of the government. | In 2014, after months of major anti-government protests in Bangkok, the Constitutional Court removed YINGLAK from office, and the Army, led by Gen. PRAYUT Chan-ocha, then staged a coup against the caretaker government. The military-affiliated National Council for Peace and Order (NCPO) ruled the country under PRAYUT for more than four years, drafting a new constitution that allowed the military to appoint the entire 250-member Senate and required a joint meeting of the House and Senate to select the prime minister -- which effectively gave the military a veto on the selection. King PHUMIPHON Adunyadet passed away in 2016 after 70 years on the throne; his only son, WACHIRALONGKON (aka King RAMA X), formally ascended the throne in 2019. The same year, a long-delayed election allowed PRAYUT to continue his premiership, although the results were disputed and widely viewed as skewed in favor of the party aligned with the military. The country again experienced major anti-government protests in 2020. The reformist Move Forward Party won the most seats in the 2023 election but was unable to form a government, and Srettha THRAVISIN from the Pheu Thai Party replaced PRAYUT as prime minister after forming a coalition of moderate and conservative parties.", "display": "Two unified Thai kingdoms emerged in the mid-13th century. The Sukhothai Kingdom, located in the south-central plains, gained its independence from the Khmer Empire to the east. B…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1932 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southeastern Asia, bordering the Andaman Sea and the Gulf of Thailand, southeast of Burma", "display": "Southeastern Asia, bordering the Andaman Sea and the Gulf of Thailand, southeast of Burma", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southeast Asia", "display": "Southeast Asia", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 513,120 sq km | land: 510,890 sq km | water: 2,230 sq km", "display": "total : 513,120 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 513120.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "3,219 km", "display": "3,219 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "central plain; Khorat Plateau in the east; mountains elsewhere", "display": "central plain; Khorat Plateau in the east; mountains elsewhere", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical; rainy, warm, cloudy southwest monsoon (mid-May to September); dry, cool northeast monsoon (November to mid-March); southern isthmus always hot and humid", "display": "tropical; rainy, warm, cloudy southwest monsoon (mid-May to September); dry, cool northeast monsoon (November to mid-March); southern isthmus always hot and humid", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Doi Inthanon 2,565 m | lowest point: Gulf of Thailand 0 m | mean elevation: 287 m", "display": "highest point: Doi Inthanon 2,565 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "land subsidence in Bangkok area resulting from the depletion of the water table; droughts", "display": "land subsidence in Bangkok area resulting from the depletion of the water table; droughts", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tin, rubber, natural gas, tungsten, tantalum, timber, lead, fish, gypsum, lignite, fluorite, arable land", "display": "tin, rubber, natural gas, tungsten, tantalum, timber, lead, fish, gypsum, lignite, fluorite, arable land", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest population density is found in and around Bangkok; significant population clusters throughout large parts of the country, particularly north and northeast of Bangkok and in the extreme southern region of the country", "display": "highest population density is found in and around Bangkok; significant population clusters throughout large parts of the country, particularly north and northeast of Bangkok and i…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 70,025,248 (2025 est.) | male: 34,101,016 | female: 35,924,232", "display": "total: 70,025,248 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 70025248.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.13% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.13% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0013, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 53.6% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 1.43% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 53.6% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Thai (official) only 90.7%, Thai and other languages 6.4%, only other languages 2.9% (includes Malay, Burmese); English is a secondary language among the elite (2010 est.) | major-language sample(s): | สารานุกรมโลก - แหล่งข้อมูลพื้นฐานที่สำคัญ (Thai) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. | note: data represent population by language(s) spoken at home", "display": "Thai (official) only 90.7%, Thai and other languages 6.4%, only other languages 2.9% (includes Malay, Burmese); English is a secondary language among the elite (2010 est.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2010 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Buddhist 92.5%, Muslim 5.4%, Christian 1.2%, other 0.9% (includes animist, Confucian, Hindu, Jewish, Sikh, and Taoist) (2021 est.)", "display": "Buddhist 92.5%, Muslim 5.4%, Christian 1.2%, other 0.9% (includes animist, Confucian, Hindu, Jewish, Sikh, and Taoist) (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 78.2 years (2024 est.) | male: 75.2 years | female: 81.3 years", "display": "total population: 78.2 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 78.2, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 41.9 years (2025 est.) | male: 40.2 years | female: 42.7 years", "display": "total: 41.9 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "11.070 million BANGKOK (capital), 1.454 Chon Buri, 1.359 million Samut Prakan, 1.213 million Chiang Mai, 1.005 million Songkla, 1.001 million Nothaburi (2023)", "display": "11.070 million BANGKOK (capital), 1.454 Chon Buri, 1.359 million Samut Prakan, 1.213 million Chiang Mai, 1.005 million Songkla, 1.001 million Nothaburi (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 91.1% (2022 est.) | male: 90.7% (2022 est.) | female: 91.5% (2022 est.)", "display": "total population: 91.1% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 16 years (2023 est.) | male: 16 years (2023 est.) | female: 16 years (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 16 years (2023 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Kingdom of Thailand | conventional short form: Thailand | local long form: Ratcha Anachak Thai | local short form: Prathet Thai | former: Siam | etymology: the name means \"Land of the Thai,\" referring to the local population; the people's name comes from the Thai word tha , meaning \"to be free;\" the former name of Siam comes from the Sanskrit word syama , meaning \"dark\"", "display": "conventional long form: Kingdom of Thailand", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Bangkok | geographic coordinates: 13 45 N, 100 31 E | time difference: UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: the name is from the Thai words bang (region) and kok (olive trees); the city's full ceremonial name holds the world record for longest place name, Krungthepmahanakhon amonrattanakosin mahintharayutthaya mahadilokphop noppharatratchathaniburirom udomratchaniwetmahasathan amonphimanawatansathit sakkathattiyawitsanukamprasit, which means \"City of angels, great city of immortals, magnificent city of the nine gems, seat of the king, city of royal palaces, home of gods incarnate, erected by Vishvakarman at Indra's behest\"", "display": "name: Bangkok", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "constitutional monarchy", "display": "constitutional monarchy", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": 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"Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2016 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "76 provinces ( changwat , singular and plural) and 1 municipality* ( maha nakhon ); Amnat Charoen, Ang Thong, Bueng Kan, Buri Ram, Chachoengsao, Chai Nat, Chaiyaphum, Chanthaburi, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Chon Buri, Chumphon, Kalasin, Kamphaeng Phet, Kanchanaburi, Khon Kaen, Krabi, Krung Thep* (Bangkok), Lampang, Lamphun, Loei, Lop Buri, Mae Hong Son, Maha Sarakham, Mukdahan, Nakhon Nayok, Nakhon Pathom, Nakhon Phanom, Nakhon Ratchasima, Nakhon Sawan, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Nan, Narathiwat, Nong Bua Lamphu, Nong Khai, Nonthaburi, Pathum Thani, Pattani, Phangnga, Phatthalung, Phayao, Phetchabun, Phetchaburi, Phichit, Phitsanulok, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, Phrae, Phuket, Prachin Buri, Prachuap Khiri Khan, Ranong, Ratchaburi, Rayong, Roi Et, Sa Kaeo, Sakon Nakhon, Samut 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garments, agricultural processing, beverages, tobacco, cement, light manufacturing such as jewelry and electric appliances, computers and parts, integrated circuits, furniture, plastics, automobiles and automotive parts, agricultural machinery, air conditioning and refrigeration, ceramics, aluminum, chemical, environmental management, glass, granite and marble, leather, machinery and metal work, petrochemical, petroleum refining, pharmaceuticals, printing, pulp and paper, rubber, sugar, rice, fishing, cassava, world's second-largest tungsten producer and third-largest tin producer", "display": "tourism, textiles and garments, agricultural processing, beverages, tobacco, cement, light manufacturing such as jewelry and electric appliances, computers and parts, integrated c…", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "sugarcane, rice, cassava, oil palm fruit, maize, rubber, tropical fruits, chicken, mangoes/guavas, fruits (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "sugarcane, rice, cassava, oil palm fruit, maize, rubber, tropical fruits, chicken, mangoes/guavas, fruits (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "machine parts, integrated circuits, trucks, cars, broadcasting equipment (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "machine parts, integrated circuits, trucks, cars, broadcasting equipment (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "crude petroleum, integrated circuits, natural gas, gold, vehicle parts/accessories (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "crude petroleum, integrated circuits, natural gas, gold, vehicle parts/accessories (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 90% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 90% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.9, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 11.5 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 16 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 11.5 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 11500000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 99.9% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 100% | electrification - rural areas: 100%", "display": "electrification - total population: 99.9% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 81.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 2.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 1.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 3.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 10.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 81.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "80.602 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "80.602 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "105 (2025)", "display": "105 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 21 (2024) | large: 1 | medium: 2 | small: 3 | very small: 15 | ports with oil terminals: 14 | key ports: Bangkok, Laem Chabang, Pattani, Phuket, Sattahip, Si Racha", "display": "total ports: 21 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 4,127 km (2017) | standard gauge: 84 km (2017) 1.435-m gauge (84 km electrified) | narrow gauge: 4,043 km (2017) 1.000-m gauge", "display": "total: 4,127 km (2017)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2017 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 884 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 28, container ship 28, general cargo 88, oil tanker 251, other 489", "display": "total: 884 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "air pollution from vehicle emissions; water pollution from organic and factory wastes; water scarcity; deforestation; soil erosion; illegal hunting; hazardous waste disposal", "display": "air pollution from vehicle emissions; water pollution from organic and factory wastes; water scarcity; deforestation; soil erosion; illegal hunting; hazardous waste disposal", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "336.693 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 79.928 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 160.931 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 95.834 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "336.693 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "438.61 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "438.61 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 2.739 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 2.777 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 51.79 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 2.739 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardo…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/thailand.json" }, { "entity_id": "timor-leste", "name": "Timor-Leste", "source_code": "TL", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Southeast Asia", "roadmap_country": "Timor-Leste", "coverage_region": "Asia", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 137, "published_fact_count": 50, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 1404785.0, "area_sq_km": 14874.0, "capital": "Dili", "government_type": "semi-presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 70.5, "urban_population_percent": 32.5, "internet_users_percent": 34.0, "electricity_access_percent": 99.7, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 4200.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "The island of Timor was actively involved in Southeast Asian trading networks for centuries, and by the 14th century, it exported sandalwood, slaves, honey, and wax. The sandalwood trade attracted the Portuguese, who arrived in the early 16th century; by mid-century, they had colonized the island, which was previously ruled by local chieftains. In 1859, Portugal ceded the western portion of the island to the Dutch. Imperial Japan occupied Portuguese Timor from 1942 to 1945, but Portugal resumed colonial authority after the Japanese defeat in World War II. The eastern part of Timor declared itself independent from Portugal on 28 November 1975, but Indonesian forces invaded and occupied the area nine days later. It was incorporated into Indonesia in 1976 as the province of Timor Timur (East Timor or Timor Leste). Indonesia conducted an unsuccessful pacification campaign in the province over the next two decades, during which as many as 250,000 people died. | In a UN-supervised referendum in 1999, an overwhelming majority of the people of Timor-Leste voted for independence from Indonesia. However, anti-independence Timorese militias -- organized and supported by the Indonesian military -- began a large-scale, scorched-earth campaign of retribution, killing approximately 1,400 Timorese and displacing nearly 500,000. Most of the country's infrastructure was destroyed, including homes, irrigation systems, water supply systems, schools, and most of the electrical grid. Australian-led peacekeeping troops eventually deployed to the country and ended the violence. In 2002, Timor-Leste was internationally recognized as an independent state. | In 2006, Australia and the UN had to step in again to stabilize the country, which allowed presidential and parliamentary elections to be conducted in 2007 in a largely peaceful atmosphere. In 2008, rebels staged an unsuccessful attack against the president and prime minister. Since that attack, Timor-Leste has made considerable progress in building stability and democratic institutions, holding a series of successful parliamentary and presidential elections since 2012. Nonetheless, weak and unstable political coalitions have led to periodic episodes of stalemate and crisis. The UN continues to provide assistance on economic development and strengthening governing institutions. Currently, Timor-Leste is one of the world's poorest nations, with an economy that relies heavily on energy resources in the Timor Sea.", "display": "The island of Timor was actively involved in Southeast Asian trading networks for centuries, and by the 14th century, it exported sandalwood, slaves, honey, and wax. The sandalwoo…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1942 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southeastern Asia, northwest of Australia in the Lesser Sunda Islands at the eastern end of the Indonesian archipelago; note - Timor-Leste includes the eastern half of the island of Timor, the Oecussi (Ambeno) region on the northwest portion of the island of Timor, and the islands of Pulau Atauro and Pulau Jaco", "display": "Southeastern Asia, northwest of Australia in the Lesser Sunda Islands at the eastern end of the Indonesian archipelago; note - Timor-Leste includes the eastern half of the island…", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southeast Asia", "display": "Southeast Asia", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 14,874 sq km | land: 14,874 sq km | water: 0 sq km", "display": "total : 14,874 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 14874.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "706 km", "display": "706 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mountainous", "display": "mountainous", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical; hot, humid; distinct rainy and dry seasons", "display": "tropical; hot, humid; distinct rainy and dry seasons", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Foho Tatamailau 2,963 m | lowest point: Timor Sea, Savu Sea, and Banda Sea 0 m", "display": "highest point: Foho Tatamailau 2,963 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "floods and landslides are common; earthquakes; tsunamis; tropical cyclones", "display": "floods and landslides are common; earthquakes; tsunamis; tropical cyclones", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "gold, petroleum, natural gas, manganese, marble", "display": "gold, petroleum, natural gas, manganese, marble", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "most of the population is concentrated in the western third of the country, particularly around Dili", "display": "most of the population is concentrated in the western third of the country, particularly around Dili", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 1,404,785 (2025 est.) | male: 693,940 | female: 710,845", "display": "total: 1,404,785 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 1404785.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.28% (2025 est.)", "display": "1.28% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0128, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 32.5% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 3.31% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 32.5% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Tetun Prasa 30.6%, Mambai 16.6%, Makasai 10.5%, Tetun Terik 6.1%, Baikenu 5.9%, Kemak 5.8%, Bunak 5.5%, Tokodede 4%, Fataluku 3.5%, Waima'a 1.8%, Galoli 1.4%, Naueti 1.4%, Idate 1.2%, Midiki 1.2%, other 4.5% (2015 est.) | note: data represent population by mother tongue; Tetun and Portuguese are official languages; Indonesian and English are working languages; there are about 32 indigenous languages", "display": "Tetun Prasa 30.6%, Mambai 16.6%, Makasai 10.5%, Tetun Terik 6.1%, Baikenu 5.9%, Kemak 5.8%, Bunak 5.5%, Tokodede 4%, Fataluku 3.5%, Waima'a 1.8%, Galoli 1.4%, Naueti 1.4%, Idate 1…", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2015 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Catholic 90.7%, other 7.1%, Protestant Evangelical 1.9%; less than 1%: Islam, Buddhist, Hindu (2022 est.)", "display": "Catholic 90.7%, other 7.1%, Protestant Evangelical 1.9%; less than 1%: Islam, Buddhist, Hindu (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 70.5 years (2024 est.) | male: 68.9 years | female: 72.3 years", "display": "total population: 70.5 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 70.5, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 23 years (2025 est.) | male: 19.8 years | female: 21.3 years", "display": "total: 23 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "281,000 DILI (capital) (2018)", "display": "281,000 DILI (capital) (2018)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 72.5% (2022 est.) | male: 73.1% (2022 est.) | female: 71.8% (2022 est.)", "display": "total population: 72.5% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste | conventional short form: Timor-Leste | local long form: Republika Demokratika Timor Lorosa'e (Tetum)/ Republica Democratica de Timor-Leste (Portuguese) | local short form: Timor Lorosa'e (Tetum)/ Timor-Leste (Portuguese) | former: East Timor, Portuguese Timor | etymology: the name partly derives from the Indonesian and Malay word timur , meaning \"east;\" leste is the Portuguese word for \"east,\" so \"Timor-Leste\" literally means \"Eastern-East\" | note: pronounced TEE-mor LESS-tay", "display": "conventional long form: Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Dili | geographic coordinates: 8 35 S, 125 36 E | time 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Parliament and parliamentary groups; consideration of amendments requires at least four-fifths majority approval by Parliament; passage requires two-thirds majority vote by Parliament and promulgation by the president of the republic; passage of amendments to the republican form of government and the flag requires approval in a referendum", "display": "history: drafted 2001, approved 22 March 2002, entered into force 20 May 2002", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2001 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "12 municipalities ( municipios , singular - municipio ) and 1 special adminstrative region* ( regiao administrativa especial ); Aileu, Ainaro, Baucau, Bobonaro (Maliana), Covalima (Suai), Dili, Ermera (Gleno), Lautem (Lospalos), Liquica, Manatuto, Manufahi (Same), Oe-Cusse Ambeno* (Pante Macassar), Viqueque | note: administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers; exceptions show the administrative center name in parentheses", "display": "12 municipalities ( municipios , singular - municipio ) and 1 special adminstrative region* ( regiao administrativa especial ); Aileu, Ainaro, Baucau, Bobonaro (Maliana), Covalima…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACP, ADB, AOSIS, ARF, ASEAN, CPLP, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PIF (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WMO", "display": "ACP, ADB, AOSIS, ARF, ASEAN, CPLP, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, 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"2.1% (2024 est.) | 8.4% (2023 est.) | 7% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "2.1% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.021, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "1.7% (2024 est.) | 1.6% (2023 est.) | 1.6% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "1.7% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.017, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "printing, soap manufacturing, handicrafts, woven cloth", "display": "printing, soap manufacturing, handicrafts, woven cloth", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "maize, rice, coconuts, root vegetables, vegetables, cassava, other meats, pork, beans, coffee (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "maize, rice, coconuts, root vegetables, vegetables, cassava, other meats, pork, beans, coffee (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "crude petroleum, natural gas, coffee, scrap iron, telephones (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "crude petroleum, natural gas, coffee, scrap iron, telephones (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, rice, cars, plastic products, trucks (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, rice, cars, plastic products, trucks (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 34% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 34% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.34, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 0 (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2023 est.) less than 1", "display": "total: 0 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 0.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 99.7% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 100% | electrification - rural areas: 100%", "display": "electrification - total population: 99.7% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 99.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 99.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "6.825 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "6.825 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "11 (2025)", "display": "11 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 1 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 1 | very small: 0 | ports with oil terminals: 0 | key ports: Dili", "display": "total ports: 1 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 1 (2023) | by type: other 1", "display": "total: 1 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "air pollution and deterioration of air quality; water quality, scarcity, and access; land and soil degradation; forest depletion; deforestation and soil erosion from slash-and-burn agriculture; loss of biodiversity", "display": "air pollution and deterioration of air quality; water quality, scarcity, and access; land and soil degradation; forest depletion; deforestation and soil erosion from slash-and-bur…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "660,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 660,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "660,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "8.215 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "8.215 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 99 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 2 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 1.071 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 99 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection | signed, but not ratified: Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/timor-leste.json" }, { "entity_id": "togo", "name": "Togo", "source_code": "TG", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Africa", "roadmap_country": "Togo", "coverage_region": "Africa", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 147, "published_fact_count": 52, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 9143439.0, "area_sq_km": 56785.0, "capital": "Lome", "government_type": "presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 72.1, "urban_population_percent": 44.5, "internet_users_percent": 37.0, "electricity_access_percent": 57.2, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 2800.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "From the 11th to the 16th centuries, various ethnic groups settled the Togo region. From the 16th to the 18th centuries, the coastal region became a major trading center for enslaved people, and the surrounding region took on the name of \"The Slave Coast.\" In 1884, Germany declared the area a protectorate called Togoland, which included present-day Togo. After World War I, colonial rule over Togo was transferred to France. French Togoland became Togo upon independence in 1960. | Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA, installed as military ruler in 1967, ruled Togo with a heavy hand for almost four decades. Despite the facade of multi-party elections instituted in the early 1990s, EYADEMA largely dominated the government. His Rally of the Togolese People (RPT) party has been in power almost continually since 1967, with its successor, the Union for the Republic, maintaining a majority of seats in today's legislature. Upon EYADEMA's death in 2005, the military installed his son, Faure GNASSINGBE, as president and then engineered his formal election two months later. Togo held its first relatively free and fair legislative elections in 2007. Since then, GNASSINGBE has started the country along a gradual path to democratic reform. Togo has held multiple presidential and legislative elections, and in 2019, the country held its first local elections in 32 years. | Despite those positive moves, political reconciliation has moved slowly, and the country experiences periodic outbursts of protests from frustrated citizens, leading to violence between security forces and protesters. Constitutional changes in 2019 to institute a runoff system in presidential elections and to establish term limits have done little to reduce the resentment many Togolese feel after more than 50 years of one-family rule. GNASSINGBE became eligible for his current fourth term and one additional fifth term under the new rules. The next presidential election is set for 2025.", "display": "From the 11th to the 16th centuries, various ethnic groups settled the Togo region. From the 16th to the 18th centuries, the coastal region became a major trading center for ensla…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1960 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Benin, between Benin and Ghana", "display": "Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Benin, between Benin and Ghana", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Africa", "display": "Africa", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 56,785 sq km | land: 54,385 sq km | water: 2,400 sq km", "display": "total : 56,785 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 56785.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "56 km", "display": "56 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "gently rolling savanna in north; central hills; southern plateau; low coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes", "display": "gently rolling savanna in north; central hills; southern plateau; low coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north", "display": "tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Mont Agou 986 m | lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m | mean elevation: 236 m", "display": "highest point: Mont Agou 986 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "hot, dry harmattan wind can reduce visibility in north during winter; periodic droughts", "display": "hot, dry harmattan wind can reduce visibility in north during winter; periodic droughts", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "phosphates, limestone, marble, arable land", "display": "phosphates, limestone, marble, arable land", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "one of the more densely populated African nations, with most of the population residing in rural communities; density is highest in the south on or near the Atlantic coast, as shown in this population distribution map", "display": "one of the more densely populated African nations, with most of the population residing in rural communities; density is highest in the south on or near the Atlantic coast, as sho…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 9,143,439 (2025 est.) | male: 4,488,825 | female: 4,654,614", "display": "total: 9,143,439 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 9143439.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "2.37% (2025 est.)", "display": "2.37% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.023700000000000002, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 44.5% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 3.6% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 44.5% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "French (official, language of commerce), Ewe and Mina (in the south), Kabye (sometimes spelled Kabiye) and Dagomba (in the north)", "display": "French (official, language of commerce), Ewe and Mina (in the south), Kabye (sometimes spelled Kabiye) and Dagomba (in the north)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Christian 42.3%, folk religion 36.9%, Muslim 14%, Hindu <1%, Buddhist <1%, Jewish <1%, other <1%, none 6.2% (2020 est.)", "display": "Christian 42.3%, folk religion 36.9%, Muslim 14%, Hindu <1%, Buddhist <1%, Jewish <1%, other <1%, none 6.2% (2020 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 72.1 years (2024 est.) | male: 69.5 years | female: 74.7 years", "display": "total population: 72.1 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 72.1, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 20.9 years (2025 est.) | male: 19.9 years | female: 21.4 years", "display": "total: 20.9 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.982 million LOME (capital) (2023)", "display": "1.982 million LOME (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 72.6% (2022 est.) | male: 82.8% (2022 est.) | female: 63.7% (2022 est.)", "display": "total population: 72.6% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 12 years (2017 est.) | male: 13 years (2017 est.) | female: 11 years (2017 est.)", "display": "total: 12 years (2017 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2017 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Togolese Republic | conventional short form: Togo | local long form: République Togolaise | local short form: none | former: French Togoland | etymology: the name derives from the town of Togodo (now Togoville) on the northern shore of Lake Togo; the town's name probably comes from the lake's name, which is composed of the Ewe words to (\"water\") and go (\"shore\")", "display": "conventional long form: Togolese Republic", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Lome | geographic coordinates: 6 07 N, 1 13 E | time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: the name comes from a local word meaning \"little market\"", "display": "name: Lome", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "presidential republic", "display": "presidential republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "customary law system", "display": "customary law system", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: several previous; latest adopted 27 September 1992, effective 14 October 1992; revised 6 May 2024 | amendment process: proposed by the president of the republic or supported by at least one fifth of the National Assembly membership; passage requires four-fifths majority vote by the Assembly; a referendum is required if approved by only two-thirds majority of the Assembly or if requested by the president; constitutional articles on the republican and secular form of government cannot be amended", "display": "history: several previous; latest adopted 27 September 1992, effective 14 October 1992; revised 6 May 2024", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1992 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "5 regions ( régions , singular - région ); Centrale, Kara, Maritime, Plateaux, Savanes", "display": "5 regions ( régions , singular - région ); Centrale, Kara, Maritime, Plateaux, Savanes", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACP, AfDB, AIIB, AU, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ACP, AfDB, AIIB, AU, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (cor…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "low-income West African economy; primarily agrarian economy; has a deep-water port; growing international shipping locale; improving privatization and public budgeting transparency; key phosphate mining industry; extremely high rural poverty", "display": "low-income West African economy; primarily agrarian economy; has a deep-water port; growing international shipping locale; improving privatization and public budgeting transparenc…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$27.115 billion (2024 est.) | $25.75 billion (2023 est.) | $24.199 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$27.115 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 27.115, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$2,800 (2024 est.) | $2,800 (2023 est.) | $2,700 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$2,800 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 2800.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "5.3% (2024 est.) | 6.4% (2023 est.) | 5.8% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "5.3% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.9% (2024 est.) | 5.3% (2023 est.) | 7.6% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "2.9% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.028999999999999998, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2% (2024 est.) | 2% (2023 est.) | 2% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "2% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.02, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "phosphate mining, agricultural processing, cement, handicrafts, textiles, beverages", "display": "phosphate mining, agricultural processing, cement, handicrafts, textiles, beverages", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "cassava, maize, yams, sorghum, soybeans, beans, rice, vegetables, oil palm fruit, cotton (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "cassava, maize, yams, sorghum, soybeans, beans, rice, vegetables, oil palm fruit, cotton (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "gold, refined petroleum, soybeans, phosphates, coconuts/brazil nuts/cashews (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "gold, refined petroleum, soybeans, phosphates, coconuts/brazil nuts/cashews (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, garments, rice, palm oil, motorcycles and cycles (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, garments, rice, palm oil, motorcycles and cycles (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 37% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 37% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.37, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 114,000 (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 114,000 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 114000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 57.2% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 96.5% | electrification - rural areas: 25%", "display": "electrification - total population: 57.2% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 79.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 11.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 8.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 79.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "4.538 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "4.538 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "7 (2025)", "display": "7 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 2 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 1 | small: 0 | very small: 1 | ports with oil terminals: 2 | key ports: Kpeme, Lome", "display": "total ports: 2 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 568 km (2014) | narrow gauge: 568 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge", "display": "total: 568 km (2014)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2014 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 397 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 1, container ship 10, general cargo 250, oil tanker 56, other 80", "display": "total: 397 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "deforestation from slash-and-burn agriculture and the use of wood for fuel; very little rainforest still present and what remains is highly degraded; desertification; water pollution; air pollution in urban areas", "display": "deforestation from slash-and-burn agriculture and the use of wood for fuel; very little rainforest still present and what remains is highly degraded; desertification; water pollut…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "2.656 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 372,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 1.941 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 343,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "2.656 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "14.7 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "14.7 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 140.7 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 6.3 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 76 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 140.7 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardo…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/togo.json" }, { "entity_id": "tokelau", "name": "Tokelau", "source_code": "TK", "source_entity_class": "dependency-or-territory", "source_region": "Oceania", "roadmap_country": null, "coverage_region": null, "roadmap_status": "additional", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 75, "published_fact_count": 33, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 2453.0, "area_sq_km": 12.0, "capital": null, "government_type": "parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy", "life_expectancy_years": null, "urban_population_percent": 0.0, "internet_users_percent": 58.3, "electricity_access_percent": null, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 6004.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2017, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Tokelau is composed of three atolls (Fakaofo, Atafu, and Nukunonu), and it was first settled by Polynesians around A.D. 1000. The atolls operated relatively independently, but Fakaofo Atoll eventually subjugated the others. British explorers first saw the atolls in 1765 and 1791. Catholic and Protestant missionaries arrived in the 1840s and converted the population on the islands on which they landed. | In 1863 Peruvian slave raiders abducted many islanders, and roughly contemporary outbreaks of disease reduced the population to about 200. Settlers of diverse nationalities subsequently intermarried with Tokelauans. In the same period, local governance moved to a system based on a Council of Elders, which still exists today. British interest began in the late 1870s, and Tokelau became a British protectorate in 1889, and in 1916 under the name Union Group, Tokelau became part of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony. In 1925, the UK placed Tokelau under New Zealand administration. The Tokelau Islands Act of 1948 formally transferred sovereignty from the UK to New Zealand, and Tokelauans were granted New Zealand citizenship. In 1979, the US relinquished its claim to Tokelau in the Treaty of Tokehega, and Tokelau relinquished its claim to Swains Island, which is part of American Samoa. | Economic opportunities in Tokelau are sparse, and about 80% of Tokelauans live in New Zealand. Tokelau held self-governance referendums in 2006 and 2007 in which more than 60% of voters chose free association with New Zealand; however, the referendums failed to achieve the two-thirds majority necessary to enact a status change.", "display": "Tokelau is composed of three atolls (Fakaofo, Atafu, and Nukunonu), and it was first settled by Polynesians around A.D. 1000. The atolls operated relatively independently, but Fak…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1916 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Oceania, group of three atolls in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand", "display": "Oceania, group of three atolls in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Oceania", "display": "Oceania", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 12 sq km | land: 12 sq km | water: 0 sq km", "display": "total : 12 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 12.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "101 km", "display": "101 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "low-lying coral atolls enclosing large lagoons", "display": "low-lying coral atolls enclosing large lagoons", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical; moderated by trade winds (April to November)", "display": "tropical; moderated by trade winds (April to November)", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: unnamed location 5 m | lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m", "display": "highest point: unnamed location 5 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "lies in Pacific cyclone belt", "display": "lies in Pacific cyclone belt", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "fish", "display": "fish", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "the small population is fairly evenly distributed among the three atolls", "display": "the small population is fairly evenly distributed among the three atolls", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 2,453 (2024 est.) | male: 1,201 (2024 est.) | female: 1,252 (2024 est.)", "display": "total: 2,453 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 2453.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "-0.01% (2019 est.)", "display": "-0.01% (2019 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": -0.0001, "estimate_year": 2019 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 0% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 0% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Tokelauan 88.1% (a Polynesian language), English 48.6%, Samoan 26.7%, Tuvaluan 11.2%, Kiribati 1.5%, other 2.8%, none 2.8%, unspecified 0.8% (2016 ests.) | note: shares sum to more than 100% because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census", "display": "Tokelauan 88.1% (a Polynesian language), English 48.6%, Samoan 26.7%, Tuvaluan 11.2%, Kiribati 1.5%, other 2.8%, none 2.8%, unspecified 0.8% (2016 ests.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2016 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Congregational Christian Church 50.4%, Roman Catholic 38.7%, Presbyterian 5.9%, other Christian 4.2%, unspecified 0.8% (2016 est.)", "display": "Congregational Christian Church 50.4%, Roman Catholic 38.7%, Presbyterian 5.9%, other Christian 4.2%, unspecified 0.8% (2016 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2016 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 100% (2022 est.) | male: 100% (2022 est.) | female: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: none | conventional short form: Tokelau | former: Union Islands, Tokelau Islands | etymology: the name comes from the Polynesian word tokelau , meaning \"north wind;\" the name \"Tokelau Islands\" was adopted in 1946, and the shortened form in 1976", "display": "conventional long form: none", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1946 }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "time difference: UTC+13 (18 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) | note : there is no designated, official capital for Tokelau; the location of the capital rotates among the three atolls along with the head of government or Ulu o Tokelau", "display": "time difference: UTC+13 (18 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy", "display": "parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "common law system of New Zealand", "display": "common law system of New Zealand", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: many previous; latest effective 1 January 1949 (Tokelau Act 1948 of New Zealand) | amendment process: proposed as a resolution by the General Fono; passage requires support by each village and approval by the General Fono | note: Tokelau is a non-self-governing territory and has been administered by New Zealand since 1926; Tokelau is considered \"part of New Zealand” under the Tokelau Act 1948, and Tokelauans are New Zealand citizens; in the mid-2000s Tokelau held two referenda on becoming self-governing in free association with New Zealand; the first vote was held in February 2006 but narrowly missed the two-thirds majority required for a change of status, as did a second vote held in 2007; since the self-government referenda, Tokelau has put questions about its constitutional status on hold; it remains a territory of New Zealand but exercises a substantial degree of self-government", "display": "history: many previous; latest effective 1 January 1949 (Tokelau Act 1948 of New Zealand)", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1949 }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "PIF (associate member), SPC, UNESCO (associate), UPU", "display": "PIF (associate member), SPC, UNESCO (associate), UPU", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "small New Zealand territorial island economy; labor force can work in New Zealand or Australia; significant remittances; largely solar-powered infrastructure; reliant on New Zealand funding; stamp, coin, and crafts producer", "display": "small New Zealand territorial island economy; labor force can work in New Zealand or Australia; significant remittances; largely solar-powered infrastructure; reliant on New Zeala…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$7,711,583 (2017 est.) | note: data are in 2017 dollars.", "display": "$7,711,583 (2017 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2017 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$6,004 (2017 est.) | $4,855 (2016 est.) | $4,292 (2015 est.) | note: data are in 2017 dollars", "display": "$6,004 (2017 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 6004.0, "estimate_year": 2017 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "4% (2020 est.) | 2.5% (2019 est.) | 11% (2017 est.) | note: Tokelau notes that its wide inflation swings are due almost entirely to cigarette prices, a chief import.", "display": "4% (2020 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.04, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "small-scale enterprises for copra production, woodworking, plaited craft goods; stamps, coins; fishing", "display": "small-scale enterprises for copra production, woodworking, plaited craft goods; stamps, coins; fishing", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "coconuts, root vegetables, tropical fruits, pork, bananas, eggs, chicken (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "coconuts, root vegetables, tropical fruits, pork, bananas, eggs, chicken (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "cars, telephones, garments, iron fasteners, fabric (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "cars, telephones, garments, iron fasteners, fabric (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "integrated circuits, stone processing machines, refined petroleum, gas turbines, plastic products (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "integrated circuits, stone processing machines, refined petroleum, gas turbines, plastic products (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 58.3% (2021 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 58.3% (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.583, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "overfishing; damage to forest resources; pollution of freshwater and coastal waters from improper disposal of chemicals", "display": "overfishing; damage to forest resources; pollution of freshwater and coastal waters from improper disposal of chemicals", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/tokelau.json" }, { "entity_id": "tonga", "name": "Tonga", "source_code": "TO", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Oceania", "roadmap_country": "Tonga", "coverage_region": "Oceania", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 135, "published_fact_count": 49, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 104519.0, "area_sq_km": 747.0, "capital": "Nuku'alofa", "government_type": "constitutional monarchy", "life_expectancy_years": 78.0, "urban_population_percent": 23.2, "internet_users_percent": 59.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 7100.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2023, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "The first humans arrived in Tonga around 1000 B.C. The islands’ politics were highly centralized under the Tu’i Tonga, or Tongan king, by A.D. 950, and by 1200, the Tu’i Tonga had expanded his influence throughout Polynesia and into Melanesia and Micronesia. The Tongan Empire began to decline in the 1300s, with civil wars, a military defeat to Samoa, and internal political strife. By the mid-1500s, some Tu’i Tongans were ethnic Samoan, and day-to-day administration of Tonga was transferred to a new position occupied by ethnic Tongans. | Dutch navigators explored the islands in the 1600s, followed by the British in the 1770s, who named them the Friendly Islands. Between 1799 and 1852 Tonga went through a period of war and disorder. In the 1830s, a low-ranking chief from Ha’apai began to consolidate control over the islands and was crowned King George TUPOU I in 1845, establishing the only still-extant Polynesian monarchy. During TUPOU's reign (1845–93), Tonga became a unified and independent country with a modern constitution (1875), legal code, and administrative structure. In separate treaties, Germany (1876), Great Britain (1879), and the US (1888) recognized Tonga’s independence. His son and successor, King George TUPOU II, agreed to enter a protectorate agreement with the UK in 1900 after rival Tongan chiefs tried to overthrow him. As a protectorate, Tonga never completely lost its indigenous governance, but it did become more isolated and the social hierarchy became more stratified between a group of nobles and a large class of commoners. Today, about one third of parliamentary seats are reserved for nobles. | Tonga regained full control of domestic and foreign affairs and became a fully independent nation within the Commonwealth in 1970. A pro-democracy movement gained steam in the early 2000s, led by ‘Akilisi POHIVA, and in 2006, riots broke out in Nuku’alofa to protest the lack of progress on reform. To appease the activists, in 2008, King George TUPOU V announced he was relinquishing most of his powers leading up to parliamentary elections in 2010 and henceforth most of the monarch’s governmental decisions, except those relating to the judiciary, were to be made in consultation with the prime minister. The 2010 Legislative Assembly was called Tonga’s first democratically elected Parliament. King George TUPOU V died in 2012 and was succeeded by his brother Crown Prince Tupouto‘a Lavaka who ruled as George TUPOU VI. In 2015, ‘Akalisi POHIVA became Tonga’s first non-noble prime minister.", "display": "The first humans arrived in Tonga around 1000 B.C. The islands’ politics were highly centralized under the Tu’i Tonga, or Tongan king, by A.D. 950, and by 1200, the Tu’i Tonga had…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1900 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Oceania, archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand", "display": "Oceania, archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Oceania", "display": "Oceania", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 747 sq km | land: 717 sq km | water: 30 sq km", "display": "total : 747 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 747.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "419 km", "display": "419 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly flat islands with limestone bedrock formed from uplifted coral formation; others have limestone overlying volcanic rock", "display": "mostly flat islands with limestone bedrock formed from uplifted coral formation; others have limestone overlying volcanic rock", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical; modified by trade winds; warm season (December to May), cool season (May to December)", "display": "tropical; modified by trade winds; warm season (December to May), cool season (May to December)", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Kao Volcano on Kao Island 1,046 m | lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m", "display": "highest point: Kao Volcano on Kao Island 1,046 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "cyclones (October to April); earthquakes and volcanic activity on Fonuafo'ou | volcanism: moderate volcanic activity; Fonualei (180 m) has had frequent activity in recent years, and Niuafo'ou (260 m) has forced evacuations; other historically active volcanoes include Late and Tofua", "display": "cyclones (October to April); earthquakes and volcanic activity on Fonuafo'ou", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "arable land, fish", "display": "arable land, fish", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "over two thirds of the population lives on the island of Tongatapu; only 45 of the nation's 171 islands are occupied", "display": "over two thirds of the population lives on the island of Tongatapu; only 45 of the nation's 171 islands are occupied", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 104,519 (2025 est.) | male: 52,421 | female: 52,098", "display": "total: 104,519 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 104519.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "-0.37% (2025 est.)", "display": "-0.37% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": -0.0037, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 23.2% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 23.2% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Tongan only 85%, Tongan and other language 13.9%, Tongan not used at home 1.1% (2021 est.) | note: data represent language use at home of persons aged 5 and older", "display": "Tongan only 85%, Tongan and other language 13.9%, Tongan not used at home 1.1% (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Protestant 63.9% (Free Wesleyan Church 34.2%, Free Church of Tonga 11.3%, Church of Tonga 6.8%, Seventh Day Adventist 2.5%, Assembly of God 2.5%, Tokaikolo/Maamafo'ou 1.5%, Constitutional Church of Tonga 1.2%, other Protestant 4%), Church of Jesus Christ 19.7%, Roman Catholic 13.7%, other 2.1%, none 0.6%, no answer 0.1% (2021 est.)", "display": "Protestant 63.9% (Free Wesleyan Church 34.2%, Free Church of Tonga 11.3%, Church of Tonga 6.8%, Seventh Day Adventist 2.5%, Assembly of God 2.5%, Tokaikolo/Maamafo'ou 1.5%, Consti…", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 78 years (2024 est.) | male: 76.4 years | female: 79.7 years", "display": "total population: 78 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 78.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 26.4 years (2025 est.) | male: 25.4 years | female: 26.4 years", "display": "total: 26.4 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "23,000 NUKU'ALOFA (2018)", "display": "23,000 NUKU'ALOFA (2018)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 91.1% (2019 est.) | male: 83.8% (2019 est.) | female: 97.6% (2019 est.)", "display": "total population: 91.1% (2019 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2019 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 18 years (2020 est.) | male: 16 years (2020 est.) | female: 19 years (2020 est.)", "display": "total: 18 years (2020 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Kingdom of Tonga | conventional short form: Tonga | local long form: Pule'anga Fakatu'i 'o Tonga | local short form: Tonga | former: Friendly Islands | etymology: the name is of local origin and is said to mean \"island;\" the former name, the Friendly Islands, came from Captain James COOK in 1773, based on the welcome he received from the inhabitants", "display": "conventional long form: Kingdom of Tonga", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Nuku'alofa | geographic coordinates: 21 08 S, 175 12 W | time difference: UTC+13 (18 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, begins first Sunday in November; ends second Sunday in January | etymology: name is said to be composed of the local words nuku , meaning \"residence or abode,\" and alofa , meaning \"love;\" it may also mean \"the south,\" describing Tonga's position in relation to most other Polynesian islands", "display": "name: Nuku'alofa", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "constitutional monarchy", "display": "constitutional monarchy", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "English common law", "display": "English common law", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: adopted 4 November 1875, revised 1988, 2016 | amendment process: proposed by the Legislative Assembly; passage requires approval by the Assembly in each of three readings, the unanimous approval of the Privy Council (a high-level advisory body to the monarch), the Cabinet, and assent to by the monarch", "display": "history: adopted 4 November 1875, revised 1988, 2016", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1988 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "5 island divisions; 'Eua, Ha'apai, Ongo Niua, Tongatapu, Vava'u", "display": "5 island divisions; 'Eua, Ha'apai, Ongo Niua, Tongatapu, Vava'u", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACP, ADB, AOSIS, C, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ACP, ADB, AOSIS, C, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UN…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "upper middle-income Pacific island economy; enormous diaspora and remittance reliance; key tourism and agricultural sectors; major fish exporter; rapidly growing Chinese infrastructure investments; rising methamphetamine hub", "display": "upper middle-income Pacific island economy; enormous diaspora and remittance reliance; key tourism and agricultural sectors; major fish exporter; rapidly growing Chinese infrastru…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$740.082 million (2023 est.) | $724.972 million (2022 est.) | $742.114 million (2021 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$740.082 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 0.740082, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$7,100 (2023 est.) | $6,900 (2022 est.) | $7,000 (2021 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$7,100 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 7100.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.1% (2023 est.) | -2.3% (2022 est.) | 0.4% (2021 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "2.1% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3.2% (2024 est.) | 6.4% (2023 est.) | 11% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "3.2% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.032, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.2% (2024 est.) | 2.3% (2023 est.) | 2.4% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "2.2% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.022000000000000002, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "tourism, construction, fishing", "display": "tourism, construction, fishing", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "coconuts, pumpkins/squash, cassava, sweet potatoes, vegetables, yams, taro, root vegetables, plantains, lemons/limes (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "coconuts, pumpkins/squash, cassava, sweet potatoes, vegetables, yams, taro, root vegetables, plantains, lemons/limes (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, gold, processed fruits and nuts, cassava, fish (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, gold, processed fruits and nuts, cassava, fish (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, plastic products, poultry, cars, sheep and goat meat (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, plastic products, poultry, cars, sheep and goat meat (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 59% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 59% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.59, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 9,000 (2022 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 8 (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 9,000 (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 9000.0, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 89% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 9.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 1.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 89% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "23.272 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "23.272 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "6 (2025)", "display": "6 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 3 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 0 | very small: 3 | ports with oil terminals: 0 | key ports: Neiafu, Nuku Alofa, Pangai", "display": "total ports: 3 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 29 (2023) | by type: container ship 1, general cargo 13, oil tanker 1, other 14", "display": "total: 29 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "deforestation from land being cleared for agriculture and settlement; soil exhaustion; water pollution due to salinization, sewage, and toxic chemicals from farming activities; coral reefs and marine populations threatened", "display": "deforestation from land being cleared for agriculture and settlement; soil exhaustion; water pollution due to salinization, sewage, and toxic chemicals from farming activities; co…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "174,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 174,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "174,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marin…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/tonga.json" }, { "entity_id": "trinidad-and-tobago", "name": "Trinidad and Tobago", "source_code": "TT", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Central America and the Caribbean", "roadmap_country": "Trinidad and Tobago", "coverage_region": "Americas", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 137, "published_fact_count": 49, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 1410170.0, "area_sq_km": 5128.0, "capital": "Port of Spain", "government_type": "parliamentary republic", "life_expectancy_years": 76.5, "urban_population_percent": 53.4, "internet_users_percent": 85.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 31700.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "First colonized by the Spanish, Trinidad and Tobago came under British control in the early 19th century. The emancipation of enslaved people in 1834 disrupted the twin islands' sugar industry. Contract workers arriving from India between 1845 and 1917 augmented the labor force, which boosted sugar production as well as the cocoa industry. The discovery of oil on Trinidad in 1910 added another important export that remains the country's dominant industry. Trinidad and Tobago attained independence in 1962. The country is one of the most prosperous in the Caribbean, thanks largely to petroleum and natural gas production and processing. The government is struggling to reverse a surge in violent crime.", "display": "First colonized by the Spanish, Trinidad and Tobago came under British control in the early 19th century. The emancipation of enslaved people in 1834 disrupted the twin islands' s…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1917 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Venezuela", "display": "Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Venezuela", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Central America and the Caribbean", "display": "Central America and the Caribbean", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 5,128 sq km | land: 5,128 sq km | water: 0 sq km", "display": "total : 5,128 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 5128.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "362 km", "display": "362 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly plains with some hills and low mountains", "display": "mostly plains with some hills and low mountains", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical; rainy season (June to December)", "display": "tropical; rainy season (June to December)", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: El Cerro del Aripo 940 m | lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m | mean elevation: 83 m", "display": "highest point: El Cerro del Aripo 940 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "outside usual path of hurricanes and other tropical storms", "display": "outside usual path of hurricanes and other tropical storms", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "petroleum, natural gas, asphalt", "display": "petroleum, natural gas, asphalt", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "population on Trinidad is concentrated in the western half of the island, on Tobago in the southern half", "display": "population on Trinidad is concentrated in the western half of the island, on Tobago in the southern half", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 1,410,170 (2025 est.) | male: 708,677 | female: 701,493", "display": "total: 1,410,170 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 1410170.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.08% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.08% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0008, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 53.4% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.23% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 53.4% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "English (official), Trinidadian Creole English, Tobagonian Creole English, Caribbean Hindustani (a dialect of Hindi), Trinidadian Creole French, Spanish, Chinese", "display": "English (official), Trinidadian Creole English, Tobagonian Creole English, Caribbean Hindustani (a dialect of Hindi), Trinidadian Creole French, Spanish, Chinese", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Protestant 32.1% (Pentecostal/Evangelical/Full Gospel 12%, Baptist 6.9%, Anglican 5.7%, Seventh Day Adventist 4.1%, Presbyterian/Congregational 2.5%, other Protestant 0.9%), Roman Catholic 21.6%, Hindu 18.2%, Muslim 5%, Jehovah's Witness 1.5%, other 8.4%, none 2.2%, unspecified 11.1% (2011 est.)", "display": "Protestant 32.1% (Pentecostal/Evangelical/Full Gospel 12%, Baptist 6.9%, Anglican 5.7%, Seventh Day Adventist 4.1%, Presbyterian/Congregational 2.5%, other Protestant 0.9%), Roman…", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2011 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 76.5 years (2024 est.) | male: 74.6 years | female: 78.4 years", "display": "total population: 76.5 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 76.5, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 39.1 years (2025 est.) | male: 38 years | female: 39 years", "display": "total: 39.1 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "545,000 PORT-OF-SPAIN (capital) (2023)", "display": "545,000 PORT-OF-SPAIN (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "female: 93.8% (2022 est.)", "display": "female: 93.8% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Trinidad and Tobago | conventional short form: Trinidad and Tobago | etymology: explorer Christopher COLUMBUS named the larger island \"La Isla de la Trinidad\" (The Island of the Trinity) in 1498, possibly because of the three mountain peaks on the island; COLUMBUS may have gotten the name Tobago, spelled \"tobaco\" in Spanish, from the tobacco grown and smoked locally, or from its elongated cigar shape", "display": "conventional long form: Republic of Trinidad and Tobago", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Port of Spain | geographic coordinates: 10 39 N, 61 31 W | time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: translation of the name the Spanish gave the town in 1595, Puerto de España; the name was anglicized after the British captured Trinidad in 1797", "display": "name: Port of Spain", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary republic", "display": "parliamentary republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "English common law; Supreme Court reviews legislative acts", "display": "English common law; Supreme Court reviews legislative acts", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: previous 1962; latest 1976 | amendment process: proposed by Parliament; passage of amendments affecting constitutional provisions, such as human rights and freedoms or citizenship, requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the membership of both houses and assent of the president; passage of amendments, such as the powers and authorities of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government, and the procedure for amending the constitution, requires at least three-quarters majority vote by the House membership, two-thirds majority vote by the Senate membership, and assent of the president", "display": "history: previous 1962; latest 1976", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1962 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "9 regions, 3 boroughs, 2 cities, 1 ward | regions: Couva/Tabaquite/Talparo, Diego Martin, Mayaro/Rio Claro, Penal/Debe, Princes Town, Sangre Grande, San Juan/Laventille, Siparia, Tunapuna/Piarco | borough: Arima, Chaguanas, Point Fortin | cities: Port of Spain, San Fernando | ward: Tobago", "display": "9 regions, 3 boroughs, 2 cities, 1 ward", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACP, ACS, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CDB, CELAC, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club (associate), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ACP, ACS, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CDB, CELAC, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inte…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "high-income Caribbean economy; major hydrocarbon exporter; key tourism and finance sectors; high inflation and growing public debt; long foreign currency access delays; large foreign reserves and sovereign wealth fund", "display": "high-income Caribbean economy; major hydrocarbon exporter; key tourism and finance sectors; high inflation and growing public debt; long foreign currency access delays; large fore…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$43.362 billion (2024 est.) | $42.658 billion (2023 est.) | $42.058 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$43.362 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 43.362, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$31,700 (2024 est.) | $31,200 (2023 est.) | $30,800 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$31,700 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 31700.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "1.7% (2024 est.) | 1.4% (2023 est.) | 1.1% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "1.7% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "0.5% (2024 est.) | 4.6% (2023 est.) | 5.8% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "0.5% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.005, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "4.6% (2024 est.) | 4.3% (2023 est.) | 4.4% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "4.6% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.046, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "petroleum and petroleum products, liquefied natural gas, methanol, ammonia, urea, steel products, beverages, food processing, cement, cotton textiles", "display": "petroleum and petroleum products, liquefied natural gas, methanol, ammonia, urea, steel products, beverages, food processing, cement, cotton textiles", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "chicken, fruits, coconuts, citrus fruits, maize, oranges, plantains, eggs, taro, mangoes/guavas (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "chicken, fruits, coconuts, citrus fruits, maize, oranges, plantains, eggs, taro, mangoes/guavas (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "natural gas, alcohols, ammonia, crude petroleum, iron reductions (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "natural gas, alcohols, ammonia, crude petroleum, iron reductions (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "railway cargo containers, refined petroleum, cars, iron ore, excavation machinery (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "railway cargo containers, refined petroleum, cars, iron ore, excavation machinery (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 85% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 85% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.85, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 404,000 (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 27 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 404,000 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 404000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 99.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 99.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "3 (2025)", "display": "3 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 10 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 1 | small: 4 | very small: 5 | ports with oil terminals: 8 | key ports: Galeota Point Terminal, Point Lisas Industrial Port, Point Lisas Port, Pointe-a-Pierre, Port of Spain", "display": "total ports: 10 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 102 (2023) | by type: general cargo 1, other 101", "display": "total: 102 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "water pollution from agricultural chemicals, industrial wastes, and raw sewage; widespread pollution of waterways and coastal areas; illegal dumping; deforestation; soil erosion; fisheries and wildlife depletion", "display": "water pollution from agricultural chemicals, industrial wastes, and raw sewage; widespread pollution of waterways and coastal areas; illegal dumping; deforestation; soil erosion;…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "33.629 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 6,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 3.634 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 29.989 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "33.629 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "3.84 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "3.84 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 237.6 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 128.9 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 16.7 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 237.6 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardo…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/trinidad-and-tobago.json" }, { "entity_id": "tunisia", "name": "Tunisia", "source_code": "TN", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Africa", "roadmap_country": "Tunisia", "coverage_region": "Africa", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 150, "published_fact_count": 52, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 11962995.0, "area_sq_km": 163610.0, "capital": "Tunis", "government_type": "parliamentary republic", "life_expectancy_years": 77.3, "urban_population_percent": 70.5, "internet_users_percent": 72.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 12700.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Many empires have controlled Tunisia, including the Phoenicians (as early as the 12 century B.C.), Carthaginians, Romans, Vandals, Byzantines, various Arab and Berber kingdoms, and Ottomans (16 th to late-19 th centuries). Rivalry between French and Italian interests in Tunisia culminated in a French invasion in 1881 and the creation of a protectorate. Agitation for independence in the decades after World War I finally convinced the French to recognize Tunisia as an independent state in 1956. The country's first president, Habib BOURGUIBA, established a strict one-party state. He dominated the country for 31 years, repressing Islamic fundamentalism and establishing rights for women. In 1987, Zine el Abidine BEN ALI replaced BOURGUIBA in a bloodless coup. | Street protests that began in Tunis in 2010 over high unemployment, corruption, widespread poverty, and high food prices escalated in 2011, culminating in rioting that led to hundreds of deaths and later became known as the start of the regional Arab Spring uprising. BEN ALI dismissed the government and fled the country, and a \"national unity government\" was formed. Elections for the new Constituent Assembly were held later that year, and human rights activist Moncef MARZOUKI was elected as interim president. The Assembly began drafting a new constitution in 2012 and, after several iterations and a months-long political crisis that stalled the transition, ratified the document in 2014. Parliamentary and presidential elections for a permanent government were held at the end of 2014. Beji CAID ESSEBSI was elected as the first president under the country's new constitution. After ESSEBSI’s death in office in 2019, Kais SAIED was elected. SAIED's term, as well as that of Tunisia's 217-member parliament, was set to expire in 2024. However, in 2021, SAIED used the exceptional powers allowed under Tunisia's constitution to dismiss the prime minister and suspend the legislature. Tunisians approved a new constitution through public referendum in 2022, expanding presidential powers and creating a new bicameral legislature.", "display": "Many empires have controlled Tunisia, including the Phoenicians (as early as the 12 century B.C.), Carthaginians, Romans, Vandals, Byzantines, various Arab and Berber kingdoms, an…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1956 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Algeria and Libya", "display": "Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Algeria and Libya", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Africa", "display": "Africa", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 163,610 sq km | land: 155,360 sq km | water: 8,250 sq km", "display": "total : 163,610 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 163610.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "1,148 km", "display": "1,148 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mountains in north; hot, dry central plain; semiarid south merges into the Sahara", "display": "mountains in north; hot, dry central plain; semiarid south merges into the Sahara", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "temperate in north with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers; desert in south", "display": "temperate in north with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers; desert in south", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Jebel ech Chambi 1,544 m | lowest point: Shatt al Gharsah -17 m | mean elevation: 246 m", "display": "highest point: Jebel ech Chambi 1,544 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "flooding; earthquakes; droughts", "display": "flooding; earthquakes; droughts", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "petroleum, phosphates, iron ore, lead, zinc, salt", "display": "petroleum, phosphates, iron ore, lead, zinc, salt", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "the overwhelming majority of the population is located in the northern half of the country; the south remains largely underpopulated, as shown in this population distribution map", "display": "the overwhelming majority of the population is located in the northern half of the country; the south remains largely underpopulated, as shown in this population distribution map", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 11,962,995 (2025 est.) | male: 5,926,741 | female: 6,036,254", "display": "total: 11,962,995 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 11962995.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.38% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.38% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0038, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 70.5% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 1.34% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 70.5% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Arabic (official, one of the languages of commerce), French (commerce), Tamazight | major-language sample(s): | كتاب حقائق العالم، أحسن كتاب تتعلم به المعلومات الأساسية (Arabic) | The World Factbook, une source indispensable d'informations de base. (French) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. | note: despite having no official status, French plays a major role in the country and is spoken by about two thirds of the population", "display": "Arabic (official, one of the languages of commerce), French (commerce), Tamazight", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Muslim (official; Sunni) 99%, other (includes Christian, Jewish, Shia Muslim, and Baha'i) <1%", "display": "Muslim (official; Sunni) 99%, other (includes Christian, Jewish, Shia Muslim, and Baha'i) <1%", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 77.3 years (2024 est.) | male: 75.7 years | female: 79.1 years", "display": "total population: 77.3 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 77.3, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 34.1 years (2025 est.) | male: 33.6 years | female: 35.1 years", "display": "total: 34.1 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "2.475 million TUNIS (capital) (2023)", "display": "2.475 million TUNIS (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 86.2% (2023 est.) | male: 92.7% (2023 est.) | female: 80.1% (2023 est.)", "display": "total population: 86.2% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 14 years (2016 est.) | male: 14 years (2016 est.) | female: 15 years (2016 est.)", "display": "total: 14 years (2016 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2016 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Tunisia | conventional short form: Tunisia | local long form: Al Jumhuriyah at Tunisiyah | local short form: Tunis | etymology: the country name derives from the capital city of Tunis", "display": "conventional long form: Republic of Tunisia", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Tunis | geographic coordinates: 36 48 N, 10 11 E | time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: the origin of the ancient name is unclear; it is sometimes associated with the name of the Phoenician goddess Tanith", "display": "name: Tunis", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary republic", "display": "parliamentary republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "mixed system of civil law, based on the French civil code and Islamic (sharia) 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passage", "display": "history: several previous; latest draft published by the president 30 June 2022, approved by referendum 25 July 2022, and adopted 27 July 2022", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "24 governorates ( wilayat , singular - wilayah ); Beja (Bajah), Ben Arous (Bin 'Arus), Bizerte (Banzart), Gabes (Qabis), Gafsa (Qafsah), Jendouba (Jundubah), Kairouan (Al Qayrawan), Kasserine (Al Qasrayn), Kebili (Qibili), Kef (Al Kaf), L'Ariana (Aryanah), Mahdia (Al Mahdiyah), Manouba (Manubah), Medenine (Madanin), Monastir (Al Munastir), Nabeul (Nabul), Sfax (Safaqis), Sidi Bouzid (Sidi Bu Zayd), Siliana (Silyanah), Sousse (Susah), Tataouine (Tatawin), Tozeur (Tawzar), Tunis, Zaghouan (Zaghwan)", "display": "24 governorates ( wilayat , singular - wilayah ); Beja (Bajah), Ben Arous (Bin 'Arus), Bizerte (Banzart), Gabes (Qabis), Gafsa (Qafsah), Jendouba (Jundubah), Kairouan (Al Qayrawan…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AIIB, AMF, AMU, AU, BSEC (observer), CAEU, CD, EBRD, FAO, G-11, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OIF, OPCW, OSCE (partner), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNOCI, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AIIB, AMF, AMU, AU, BSEC (observer), CAEU, CD, EBRD, FAO, G-11, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO,…", 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2021 dollars", "display": "$156.086 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 156.086, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$12,700 (2024 est.) | $12,600 (2023 est.) | $12,700 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$12,700 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 12700.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "1.4% (2024 est.) | 0% (2023 est.) | 2.7% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "1.4% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "7.2% (2024 est.) | 9.3% (2023 est.) | 8.3% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "7.2% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.07200000000000001, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "16.3% (2024 est.) | 15.2% (2023 est.) | 15.3% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "16.3% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.163, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "petroleum, mining (particularly phosphate, iron ore), tourism, textiles, footwear, agribusiness, beverages", "display": "petroleum, mining (particularly phosphate, iron ore), tourism, textiles, footwear, agribusiness, beverages", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "milk, tomatoes, olives, onions, chillies/peppers, watermelons, potatoes, wheat, dates, oranges (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "milk, tomatoes, olives, onions, chillies/peppers, watermelons, potatoes, wheat, dates, oranges (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "garments, insulated wire, olive oil, refined petroleum, crude petroleum (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "garments, insulated wire, olive oil, refined petroleum, crude petroleum (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, natural gas, plastic products, cars, plastics (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, natural gas, plastic products, cars, plastics (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 72% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 72% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.72, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 1.73 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 14 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 1.73 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 1730000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 100% | electrification - rural areas: 99.7%", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 96.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 2.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 1.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 96.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "33.754 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "33.754 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "14 (2025)", "display": "14 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 16 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 3 | small: 7 | very small: 6 | ports with oil terminals: 10 | key ports: Ashtart Oil Terminal, Banzart, Didon Terminal, Gabes, La Goulette, Menzel Bourguiba, Mersa Sfax, Sousse, Tazerka Oil Terminal, Tunis", "display": "total ports: 16 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 2,173 km (2014) (1,991 in use) | standard gauge: 471 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge | narrow gauge: 1,694 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge (65 km electrified) | dual gauge: 8 km (2014) 1.435-1.000-m gauge", "display": "total: 2,173 km (2014) (1,991 in use)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2014 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 72 (2023) | by type: container ship 1, general cargo 8, oil tanker 1, other 62", "display": "total: 72 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "toxic and hazardous waste disposal; water pollution from raw sewage; limited freshwater resources; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification", "display": "toxic and hazardous waste disposal; water pollution from raw sewage; limited freshwater resources; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "24.645 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 4,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 14.249 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 10.392 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "24.645 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "4.615 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "4.615 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 815.5 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 61.9 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 2.71 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 815.5 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environ…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/tunisia.json" }, { "entity_id": "turkiye", "name": "Turkiye", "source_code": "TR", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Middle East", "roadmap_country": "Türkiye", "coverage_region": "Asia", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 156, "published_fact_count": 52, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 84625585.0, "area_sq_km": 783562.0, "capital": "Ankara", "government_type": "presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 76.7, "urban_population_percent": 77.5, "internet_users_percent": 87.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35300.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Modern Turkey was founded in 1923 from the remnants of the Ottoman Empire by reformer and national hero Mustafa KEMAL, known as Ataturk or \"Father of the Turks.\" One-party rule ended in 1950, and periods of instability and military coups have since fractured the multiparty democracy, in 1960, 1971, 1980, 1997, and 2016. | Turkey joined the UN in 1945 and NATO in 1952. In 1963, Turkey became an associate member of the European Community; it began accession talks with the EU in 2005. Turkey intervened militarily on Cyprus in 1974 to prevent a Greek takeover of the island and has since acted as patron state to the \"Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus,\" which only Turkey recognizes. The Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), a US-designated terrorist organization, began a separatist insurgency in Turkey in 1984, and the struggle has long dominated the attention of Turkish security forces. In 2013, the Turkish Government and the PKK conducted negotiations aimed at ending the violence, but intense fighting resumed in 2015. | The Turkish Government conducted a referendum in 2017 in which voters approved constitutional amendments changing Turkey from a parliamentary to a presidential system.", "display": "Modern Turkey was founded in 1923 from the remnants of the Ottoman Empire by reformer and national hero Mustafa KEMAL, known as Ataturk or \"Father of the Turks.\" One-party rule en…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1923 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southeastern Europe and Southwestern Asia (that portion of Turkey west of the Bosporus is geographically part of Europe), bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Georgia, and bordering the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, between Greece and Syria", "display": "Southeastern Europe and Southwestern Asia (that portion of Turkey west of the Bosporus is geographically part of Europe), bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Georgia, an…", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Middle East", "display": "Middle East", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 783,562 sq km | land: 769,632 sq km | water: 13,930 sq km", "display": "total : 783,562 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 783562.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "7,200 km", "display": "7,200 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "high central plateau (Anatolia); narrow coastal plain; several mountain ranges", "display": "high central plateau (Anatolia); narrow coastal plain; several mountain ranges", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "temperate; hot, dry summers with mild, wet winters; harsher in interior", "display": "temperate; hot, dry summers with mild, wet winters; harsher in interior", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Mount Ararat 5,137 m | lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m | mean elevation: 1,132 m", "display": "highest point: Mount Ararat 5,137 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "severe earthquakes, especially in northern Turkey, along an arc extending from the Sea of Marmara to Lake Van; landslides; flooding | volcanism: limited volcanic activity; the three historically active volcanoes (Ararat, Nemrut Dagi, and Tendurek Dagi) have not erupted since the 19th century or earlier", "display": "severe earthquakes, especially in northern Turkey, along an arc extending from the Sea of Marmara to Lake Van; landslides; flooding", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "coal, iron ore, copper, chromium, antimony, mercury, gold, barite, borate, celestite (strontium), emery, feldspar, limestone, magnesite, marble, perlite, pumice, pyrites (sulfur), clay, arable land, hydropower", "display": "coal, iron ore, copper, chromium, antimony, mercury, gold, barite, borate, celestite (strontium), emery, feldspar, limestone, magnesite, marble, perlite, pumice, pyrites (sulfur),…", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "the most densely populated area is found around the Bosporus in the northwest, where 20% of the population lives in Istanbul; with the exception of Ankara, urban centers remain small and scattered throughout the interior of Anatolia; an overall pattern of peripheral development exists, particularly along the Aegean Sea coast in the west, and the Tigris and Euphrates River systems in the southeast", "display": "the most densely populated area is found around the Bosporus in the northwest, where 20% of the population lives in Istanbul; with the exception of Ankara, urban centers remain sm…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 84,625,585 (2025 est.) | male: 42,489,277 | female: 42,136,308", "display": "total: 84,625,585 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 84625585.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.59% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.59% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0059, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 77.5% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 1.11% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 77.5% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Turkish (official), Kurdish, other minority languages | major-language sample(s): | The World Factbook, temel bilgi edinmek için vazgeçilmez bir kaynak. (Turkish) | ڕاستییەکانی جیهان، باشترین سەرچاوەیە بۆ زانیارییە بنەڕەتییەکان (Kurdish) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Turkish (official), Kurdish, other minority languages", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Muslim 99.8% (mostly Sunni), other 0.2% (mostly Christians and Jews)", "display": "Muslim 99.8% (mostly Sunni), other 0.2% (mostly Christians and Jews)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 76.7 years (2024 est.) | male: 74.4 years | female: 79.2 years", "display": "total population: 76.7 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 76.7, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 34.4 years (2025 est.) | male: 33.4 years | female: 34.6 years", "display": "total: 34.4 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "15.848 million Istanbul, 5.397 million ANKARA (capital), 3.088 million Izmir, 2.086 million Bursa, 1.836 million Adana, 1.805 million Gaziantep (2023)", "display": "15.848 million Istanbul, 5.397 million ANKARA (capital), 3.088 million Izmir, 2.086 million Bursa, 1.836 million Adana, 1.805 million Gaziantep (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 97.3% (2021 est.) | male: 99.3% (2021 est.) | female: 95.3% (2021 est.)", "display": "total population: 97.3% (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 20 years (2022 est.) | male: 20 years (2022 est.) | female: 20 years (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 20 years (2022 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Turkey | conventional short form: Turkey | local long form: Turkey Cumhuriyeti | local short form: Turkey | etymology: the name means \"Land of the Turks\" | note: Turkiye is an approved English short-form name for Turkey", "display": "conventional long form: Republic of Turkey", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Ankara | geographic coordinates: 39 56 N, 32 52 E | time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: the name probably derives from the Indo-European root word ang , meaning \"bend\" and relating to the settlement's original location in a winding gorge; the city was referred to as Angora by the 13th century; the name was officially modified to Ankara in 1923 when the Republic of Turkey was founded", "display": "name: Ankara", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1923 }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "presidential republic", "display": "presidential republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law system based on various European systems, notably the Swiss civil code", "display": "civil law system based on various European systems, notably the Swiss civil code", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: several previous; latest ratified 9 November 1982 | amendment process: proposed by written consent of at least one third of Grand National Assembly (GNA) of Turkey (TBMM) members; adoption of draft amendments requires two debates in plenary TBMM session and three-fifths majority vote of all GNA members; the president of the republic can request TBMM reconsideration of the amendment and, if readopted by two-thirds majority TBMM vote, the president may submit the amendment to a referendum; passage by referendum requires absolute majority vote", "display": "history: several previous; latest ratified 9 November 1982", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1982 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "81 provinces ( iller , singular - ili ); Adana, Adiyaman, Afyonkarahisar, Agri, Aksaray, Amasya, Ankara, Antalya, Ardahan, Artvin, Aydin, Balikesir, Bartin, Batman, Bayburt, Bilecik, Bingol, Bitlis, Bolu, Burdur, Bursa, Canakkale, Cankiri, Corum, Denizli, Diyarbakir, Duzce, Edirne, Elazig, Erzincan, Erzurum, Eskisehir, Gaziantep, Giresun, Gumushane, Hakkari, Hatay, Igdir, Isparta, Istanbul, Izmir (Smyrna), Kahramanmaras, Karabuk, Karaman, Kars, Kastamonu, Kayseri, Kilis, Kirikkale, Kirklareli, Kirsehir, Kocaeli, Konya, Kutahya, Malatya, Manisa, Mardin, Mersin, Mugla, Mus, Nevsehir, Nigde, Ordu, Osmaniye, Rize, Sakarya, Samsun, Sanliurfa, Siirt, Sinop, Sirnak, Sivas, Tekirdag, Tokat, Trabzon (Trebizond), Tunceli, Usak, Van, Yalova, Yozgat, Zonguldak", "display": "81 provinces ( iller , singular - ili ); Adana, Adiyaman, Afyonkarahisar, Agri, Aksaray, Amasya, Ankara, Antalya, Ardahan, Artvin, Aydin, Balikesir, Bartin, Batman, Bayburt, Bilec…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ADB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC, CBSS (observer), CD, CE, CERN (observer), CICA, CPLP (associate observer), D-8, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, EU (candidate country), FAO, FATF, G-20, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club (associate), PCA, PIF (partner), SCO (dialogue member), SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNOOSA, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC | note : Turkey is an EU candidate country and must complete accession criteria before being granted full membership", "display": "ADB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC, CBSS (observer), CD, CE, CERN (observer), CICA, CPLP (associate observer), D-8, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, EU (candidate country), FAO,…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "upper-middle-income, diversified Middle Eastern economy; industrializing economy that maintains large agricultural base; key energy, tourism, and construction sectors; high inflation, interest rates, and foreign debt pose risk to financial stability", "display": "upper-middle-income, diversified Middle Eastern economy; industrializing economy that maintains large agricultural base; key energy, tourism, and construction sectors; high inflat…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$3.018 trillion (2024 est.) | $2.925 trillion (2023 est.) | $2.783 trillion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$3.018 trillion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 3018.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$35,300 (2024 est.) | $34,300 (2023 est.) | $32,700 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$35,300 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 35300.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3.2% (2024 est.) | 5.1% (2023 est.) | 5.5% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "3.2% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "58.5% (2024 est.) | 53.9% (2023 est.) | 72.3% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "58.5% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.585, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "8.5% (2024 est.) | 9.4% (2023 est.) | 10.5% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "8.5% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.085, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "textiles, food processing, automobiles, electronics, mining (coal, chromate, copper, boron), steel, petroleum, construction, lumber, paper", "display": "textiles, food processing, automobiles, electronics, mining (coal, chromate, copper, boron), steel, petroleum, construction, lumber, paper", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "sugar beets, wheat, milk, tomatoes, barley, maize, potatoes, apples, grapes, watermelons (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "sugar beets, wheat, milk, tomatoes, barley, maize, potatoes, apples, grapes, watermelons (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "garments, cars, gold, refined petroleum, vehicle parts/accessories (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "garments, cars, gold, refined petroleum, vehicle parts/accessories (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "gold, refined petroleum, cars, plastics, natural gas (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "gold, refined petroleum, cars, plastics, natural gas (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 87% (2024 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 87% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.87, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 19.6 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 22 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 19.6 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 19600000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 57.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 6.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 10.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 19.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | geothermal: 2.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 2.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 57.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "70.521 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "70.521 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "116 (2025)", "display": "116 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 54 (2024) | large: 3 | medium: 3 | small: 6 | very small: 42 | ports with oil terminals: 28 | key ports: Haydarpasa, Istanbul, Izmir, Mersin, Nemrut Limani Bay, Samsun", "display": "total ports: 54 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 11,497 km (2018) | standard gauge: 11,497 km (2018) 1.435-m gauge (1.435 km high speed train)", "display": "total: 11,497 km (2018)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 1,170 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 43, container ship 43, general cargo 223, oil tanker 134, other 727", "display": "total: 1,170 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "water pollution from dumping of chemicals and detergents; air pollution, particularly in urban areas; deforestation; land degradation; conservation of biodiversity", "display": "water pollution from dumping of chemicals and detergents; air pollution, particularly in urban areas; deforestation; land degradation; conservation of biodiversity", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "399.173 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 155.26 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 147.211 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 96.703 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "399.173 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "211.6 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "211.6 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 7.144 billion cubic meters (2022) | industrial: 1.297 billion cubic meters (2022) | agricultural: 56.127 billion cubic meters (2022)", "display": "municipal: 7.144 billion cubic meters (2022)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Air Pollution, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Environmental Modification", "display": "party to: Air Pollution, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Deserti…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/turkiye.json" }, { "entity_id": "turkmenistan", "name": "Turkmenistan", "source_code": "TM", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Asia", "roadmap_country": "Turkmenistan", "coverage_region": "Asia", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 144, "published_fact_count": 51, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 5744151.0, "area_sq_km": 488100.0, "capital": "Ashgabat (Ashkhabad)", "government_type": "presidential republic; authoritarian", "life_expectancy_years": 72.4, "urban_population_percent": 54.0, "internet_users_percent": 21.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 18000.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": true }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Present-day Turkmenistan has been at the crossroads of civilizations for centuries. Various Persian empires ruled the area in antiquity, and Alexander the Great, Muslim armies, the Mongols, Turkic warriors, and eventually the Russians conquered it. In medieval times, Merv (located in present-day Mary province) was one of the great cities of the Islamic world and an important stop on the Silk Road. Annexed by Russia in the late 1800s, Turkmen territories later figured prominently in the anti-Bolshevik resistance in Central Asia. In 1924, Turkmenistan became a Soviet republic; it achieved independence when the USSR dissolved in 1991. | President for Life Saparmurat NIYAZOV died in 2006, and Gurbanguly BERDIMUHAMEDOV, a deputy chairman under NIYAZOW, emerged as the country's new president. BERDIMUHAMEDOV won Turkmenistan's first multi-candidate presidential election in 2007, and again in 2012 and 2017 with over 97% of the vote in elections widely regarded as undemocratic. In 2022, BERDIMUHAMEDOV announced that he would step down from the presidency and called for an election to replace him. His son, Serdar BERDIMUHAMEDOV, won the ensuing election with 73% of the vote. Gurbanguly BERDIMUHAMEDOV, although no longer head of state, maintains an influential political position as head of the Halk Maslahaty (People’s Council) and as National Leader of the Turkmen People, a title that provides additional privileges and immunity for him and his family. Since Gurbanguly BERDIMUHAMEDOV stepped down from the presidency, state-controlled media upgraded his honorific from Arkadag (protector) to Hero-Arkadag, and began referring to Serdar BERDIMUHAMEDOV as Arkadagly Serdar, which can be translated as \"Serdar who has a protector to support him.\" | Turkmenistan has sought new export markets for its extensive hydrocarbon/natural gas reserves, which have yet to be fully exploited. Turkmenistan's reliance on gas exports has made the economy vulnerable to fluctuations in the global energy market, and economic hardships since the drop in energy prices in 2014 have led many citizens of Turkmenistan to emigrate, mostly to Turkey.", "display": "Present-day Turkmenistan has been at the crossroads of civilizations for centuries. Various Persian empires ruled the area in antiquity, and Alexander the Great, Muslim armies, th…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1924 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Central Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Kazakhstan", "display": "Central Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Kazakhstan", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Asia", "display": "Asia", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 488,100 sq km | land: 469,930 sq km | water: 18,170 sq km", "display": "total : 488,100 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 488100.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "0 km (landlocked) | note: Turkmenistan borders the Caspian Sea (1,768 km)", "display": "0 km (landlocked)", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes rising to mountains in the south; low mountains along border with Iran; borders Caspian Sea in west", "display": "flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes rising to mountains in the south; low mountains along border with Iran; borders Caspian Sea in west", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "subtropical desert", "display": "subtropical desert", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Gora Ayribaba 3,139 m | lowest point: Vpadina Akchanaya (Sarygamysh Koli is a lake in northern Turkmenistan with a water level that fluctuates above and below the elevation of Vpadina Akchanaya, the lake has dropped as low as -110 m) -81 m | mean elevation: 230 m", "display": "highest point: Gora Ayribaba 3,139 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "earthquakes; mudslides; droughts; dust storms; floods", "display": "earthquakes; mudslides; droughts; dust storms; floods", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "petroleum, natural gas, sulfur, salt", "display": "petroleum, natural gas, sulfur, salt", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "the most densely populated areas are the southern, eastern, and northeastern oases; approximately 50% of the population lives in and around the capital of Ashgabat", "display": "the most densely populated areas are the southern, eastern, and northeastern oases; approximately 50% of the population lives in and around the capital of Ashgabat", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 5,744,151 (2024 est.) | male: 2,842,870 | female: 2,901,281", "display": "total: 5,744,151 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 5744151.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.88% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.88% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0088, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 54% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 2.23% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 54% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Turkmen (official) 72%, Russian 12%, Uzbek 9%, other 7% | major-language sample(s): | Dünýä Faktlar Kitaby – esasy maglumatlaryň wajyp çeşmesidir (Turkmen) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Turkmen (official) 72%, Russian 12%, Uzbek 9%, other 7%", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Muslim 93%, Christian 6.4%, Buddhist <1%, folk religion <1%, Jewish <1%, other <1%, unspecified <1% (2020 est.)", "display": "Muslim 93%, Christian 6.4%, Buddhist <1%, folk religion <1%, Jewish <1%, other <1%, unspecified <1% (2020 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 72.4 years (2024 est.) | male: 69.4 years | female: 75.5 years", "display": "total population: 72.4 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 72.4, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 31.6 years (2025 est.) | male: 30.7 years | female: 31.7 years", "display": "total: 31.6 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "902,000 ASHGABAT (capital) (2023)", "display": "902,000 ASHGABAT (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 99.9% (2022 est.) | male: 99.9% (2022 est.) | female: 99.9% (2022 est.)", "display": "total population: 99.9% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 13 years (2023 est.) | male: 12 years (2022 est.) | female: 12 years (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 13 years (2023 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: none | conventional short form: Turkmenistan | local long form: none | local short form: Turkmenistan | former: Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic | etymology: the suffix - stan means \"land,\" so the country name means the \"Land of the Turkmen [people];\" the people's name means \"Turk-like,\" from the Persian words tork and mandan , referring to their formerly nomadic lifestyle that differed from the settled Turks of Turkey", "display": "conventional long form: none", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Ashgabat (Ashkhabad) | geographic coordinates: 37 57 N, 58 23 E | time difference: UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: derived from the Turkmen words ushq , meaning \"love,\" and abad , meaning \"inhabited place\" or \"town;\" the city was originally a military outpost built in 1881 that took its name from an ancient settlement on the site", "display": "name: Ashgabat (Ashkhabad)", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "presidential republic; authoritarian", "display": "presidential republic; authoritarian", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law system with Islamic (sharia) law influences", "display": "civil law system with Islamic (sharia) law influences", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: several previous; latest adopted 14 September 2016 | amendment process: proposed by the Assembly or Mejlis; passage requires two-thirds majority vote or absolute majority approval in a referendum", "display": "history: several previous; latest adopted 14 September 2016", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2016 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "5 provinces ( velayatlar , singular - velayat ) and 1 independent city*: Ahal Velayat (Arkadag), Ashgabat*, Balkan Velayat (Balkanabat), Dashoguz Velayat, Lebap Velayat (Turkmenabat), Mary Velayat | note: administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers; exceptions show the administrative center name in parentheses", "display": "5 provinces ( velayatlar , singular - velayat ) and 1 independent city*: Ahal Velayat (Arkadag), Ashgabat*, Balkan Velayat (Balkanabat), Dashoguz Velayat, Lebap Velayat (Turkmenab…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ADB, CIS (associate member, has not ratified the 1993 CIS charter although it participates in meetings and held the chairmanship of the CIS in 2012), EAPC, EBRD, ECO, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO", "display": "ADB, CIS (associate member, has not ratified the 1993 CIS charter although it participates in meetings and held the chairmanship of the CIS in 2012), EAPC, EBRD, ECO, FAO, G-77, I…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1993 }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "upper-middle-income Central Asian economy; houses fourth-largest natural gas reserves and rich in natural resources; authoritarian and dominated by state-owned enterprises; challenges include overvalued currency, high inflation risks, lack of economic diversification due to heavy state control and bureaucracy", "display": "upper-middle-income Central Asian economy; houses fourth-largest natural gas reserves and rich in natural resources; authoritarian and dominated by state-owned enterprises; challe…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$134.555 billion (2024 est.) | $131.576 billion (2023 est.) | $123.778 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2017 dollars", "display": "$134.555 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 134.555, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$18,000 (2024 est.) | $17,900 (2023 est.) | $17,100 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2017 dollars", "display": "$18,000 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 18000.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.3% (2024 est.) | 6.3% (2023 est.) | 6.2% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "2.3% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "11.5% (2022 est.) | 19.5% (2021 est.) | 6.1% (2020 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "11.5% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.115, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "4.4% (2024 est.) | 4.1% (2023 est.) | 4.2% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "4.4% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.044000000000000004, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "natural gas, oil, petroleum products, textiles, food processing", "display": "natural gas, oil, petroleum products, textiles, food processing", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "milk, wheat, potatoes, cotton, watermelons, tomatoes, grapes, barley, beef, lamb/mutton (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "milk, wheat, potatoes, cotton, watermelons, tomatoes, grapes, barley, beef, lamb/mutton (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "natural gas, refined petroleum, fertilizers, crude petroleum, electricity (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "natural gas, refined petroleum, fertilizers, crude petroleum, electricity (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "broadcasting equipment, cars, wheat, computers, iron pipes (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "broadcasting equipment, cars, wheat, computers, iron pipes (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 21% (2017 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 21% (2017 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.21, "estimate_year": 2017 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 377,000 (2022 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 5 (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 377,000 (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 377000.0, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 100% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 100% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "261.142 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "261.142 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "23 (2025)", "display": "23 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 5,113 km (2017) | broad gauge: 5,113 km (2017) 1.520-m gauge", "display": "total: 5,113 km (2017)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2017 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 73 (2023) | by type: general cargo 6, oil tanker 8, other 59", "display": "total: 73 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "soil and groundwater pollution from agricultural chemicals and pesticides; salination, waterlogging of soil due to poor irrigation methods; Caspian Sea pollution; river diversion for irrigation; soil erosion; desertification", "display": "soil and groundwater pollution from agricultural chemicals and pesticides; salination, waterlogging of soil due to poor irrigation methods; Caspian Sea pollution; river diversion…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "106.215 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 100 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 18.062 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 88.153 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "106.215 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "24.765 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "24.765 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 453.5 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 806.765 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 16.12 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 453.5 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Lay…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/turkmenistan.json" }, { "entity_id": "turks-and-caicos-islands", "name": "Turks and Caicos Islands", "source_code": "TC", "source_entity_class": "dependency-or-territory", "source_region": "Central America and the Caribbean", "roadmap_country": null, "coverage_region": null, "roadmap_status": "additional", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 105, "published_fact_count": 43, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 60439.0, "area_sq_km": 948.0, "capital": "Grand Turk (Cockburn Town)", "government_type": "parliamentary democracy", "life_expectancy_years": 81.3, "urban_population_percent": 94.2, "internet_users_percent": 93.5, "electricity_access_percent": 99.9, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 33400.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "The islands were part of the UK's Jamaican colony until 1962, when they assumed the status of a separate Crown colony upon Jamaica's independence. The governor of The Bahamas oversaw affairs from 1965 to 1973. With Bahamian independence, the islands received a separate governor in 1973. Although independence was agreed upon for 1982, the policy was reversed, and the islands remain a British overseas territory. Grand Turk Island suffered extensive damage from Hurricane Maria in 2017.", "display": "The islands were part of the UK's Jamaican colony until 1962, when they assumed the status of a separate Crown colony upon Jamaica's independence. The governor of The Bahamas over…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1962 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "two island groups in the North Atlantic Ocean, southeast of The Bahamas, north of Haiti; note - although the Turks and Caicos Islands do not border the Caribbean Sea, geopolitically they are often designated as being Caribbean", "display": "two island groups in the North Atlantic Ocean, southeast of The Bahamas, north of Haiti; note - although the Turks and Caicos Islands do not border the Caribbean Sea, geopolitical…", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Central America and the Caribbean", "display": "Central America and the Caribbean", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 948 sq km | land: 948 sq km | water: 0 sq km", "display": "total : 948 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 948.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "389 km", "display": "389 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "low, flat limestone; extensive marshes and mangrove swamps", "display": "low, flat limestone; extensive marshes and mangrove swamps", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical; marine; moderated by trade winds; sunny and relatively dry", "display": "tropical; marine; moderated by trade winds; sunny and relatively dry", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Blue Hill on Providenciales and Flamingo Hill on East Caicos 48 m | lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m", "display": "highest point: Blue Hill on Providenciales and Flamingo Hill on East Caicos 48 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "frequent hurricanes", "display": "frequent hurricanes", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "spiny lobster, conch", "display": "spiny lobster, conch", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "eight of the thirty islands are inhabited; the island of Providenciales is the most populated, but the most densely populated is Grand Turk", "display": "eight of the thirty islands are inhabited; the island of Providenciales is the most populated, but the most densely populated is Grand Turk", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 60,439 (2024 est.) | male: 30,389 | female: 30,050", "display": "total: 60,439 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 60439.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.73% (2025 est.)", "display": "1.73% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0173, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 94.2% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 1.46% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 94.2% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "English (official)", "display": "English (official)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Protestant 72.8% (Baptist 35.8%, Church of God 11.7%, Anglican 10%, Methodist 9.3%, Seventh Day Adventist 6%), Roman Catholic 11.4%, Jehovah's Witness 1.8%, other 14% (2006 est.)", "display": "Protestant 72.8% (Baptist 35.8%, Church of God 11.7%, Anglican 10%, Methodist 9.3%, Seventh Day Adventist 6%), Roman Catholic 11.4%, Jehovah's Witness 1.8%, other 14% (2006 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 81.3 years (2024 est.) | male: 78.5 years | female: 84.1 years", "display": "total population: 81.3 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 81.3, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 36.6 years (2025 est.) | male: 36.5 years | female: 36.1 years", "display": "total: 36.6 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "5,000 GRAND TURK (capital) (2018)", "display": "5,000 GRAND TURK (capital) (2018)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 14 years (2023 est.) | male: 15 years (2023 est.) | female: 14 years (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 14 years (2023 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: none | conventional short form: Turks and Caicos Islands | abbreviation: TCA | etymology: the Turks Islands are named after the Turk's cap cactus, which is native to the islands and appears on the flag and coat of arms; the name Caicos may derive from caya hico , a phrase meaning “string of islands” in the Lucayan (Arawak) language, or from the Spanish word cayo , meaning \"rock\"", "display": "conventional long form: none", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Grand Turk (Cockburn Town) | geographic coordinates: 21 28 N, 71 08 W | time difference: UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November | etymology: named after Sir Francis COCKBURN, who served as governor of the Bahamas from 1837 to 1844", "display": "name: Grand Turk (Cockburn Town)", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary democracy", "display": "parliamentary democracy", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "mixed system of English common law and civil law", "display": "mixed system of English common law and civil law", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: several previous; latest signed 7 August 2012, effective 15 October 2012 (The Turks and Caicos Constitution Order 2011)", "display": "history: several previous; latest signed 7 August 2012, effective 15 October 2012 (The Turks and Caicos Constitution Order 2011)", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2012 }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "Caricom (associate), CDB, Interpol (subbureau), UPU", "display": "Caricom (associate), CDB, Interpol (subbureau), UPU", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "British Caribbean island territorial economy; GDP and its tourism industry hit hard by COVID-19 disruptions; major biodiversity locale; US dollar user; fossil fuel dependent; negative trade balance; increasing unemployment", "display": "British Caribbean island territorial economy; GDP and its tourism industry hit hard by COVID-19 disruptions; major biodiversity locale; US dollar user; fossil fuel dependent; nega…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$1.554 billion (2024 est.) | $1.471 billion (2023 est.) | $1.293 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$1.554 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 1.554, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$33,400 (2024 est.) | $31,800 (2023 est.) | $28,200 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$33,400 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 33400.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "5.6% (2024 est.) | 13.7% (2023 est.) | 14.1% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "5.6% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "8.5% (2022 est.) | 5% (2021 est.) | 2.3% (2020 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "8.5% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.085, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "tourism, offshore financial services", "display": "tourism, offshore financial services", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "corn, beans, cassava (manioc, tapioca), citrus fruits; fish", "display": "corn, beans, cassava (manioc, tapioca), citrus fruits; fish", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "plastics, shellfish, carbonates, tobacco, garments (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "plastics, shellfish, carbonates, tobacco, garments (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, cars, aluminum structures, furniture, plastic products (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, cars, aluminum structures, furniture, plastic products (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 93.5% (2022)", "display": "percent of population: 93.5% (2022)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.935, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 99.9% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 100% | electrification - rural areas: 100%", "display": "electrification - total population: 99.9% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 98.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 1.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 98.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "9 (2025)", "display": "9 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 3 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 0 | very small: 2 | size unknown: 1 | ports with oil terminals: 1 | key ports: Cockburn Harbor, Grand Turk, Providenciales", "display": "total ports: 3 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 3 (2023) | by type: general cargo 1, other 2", "display": "total: 3 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "limited natural freshwater resources", "display": "limited natural freshwater resources", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "447,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 447,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "447,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/turks-and-caicos-islands.json" }, { "entity_id": "tuvalu", "name": "Tuvalu", "source_code": "TV", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Oceania", "roadmap_country": "Tuvalu", "coverage_region": "Oceania", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 113, "published_fact_count": 44, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 11824.0, "area_sq_km": 26.0, "capital": "Funafuti", "government_type": "parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm", "life_expectancy_years": 69.0, "urban_population_percent": 66.2, "internet_users_percent": 74.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 5800.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2023, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Voyagers from either Samoa or Tonga first populated Tuvalu in the first millennium A.D., and the islands provided a stepping-stone for various Polynesian communities that subsequently settled in Melanesia and Micronesia. Tuvalu eventually came under Samoan and Tongan spheres of influence, although proximity to Micronesia allowed some Micronesian communities to flourish in Tuvalu, in particular on Nui Atoll. In the late 1700s and early 1800s, a series of American, British, Dutch, and Russian ships visited the islands, which were named the Ellice Islands in 1819. | The UK declared a protectorate over islands in 1892 and merged them with the Micronesian Gilbert Islands. The Gilbert and Ellice Islands Protectorate became a colony in 1916. During World War II, the US set up military bases on a few islands, and in 1943, after Japan captured many of the northern Gilbert Islands, the UK transferred administration of the colony southward to Funafuti. After the war, Tarawa in the Gilbert Islands was once again made the colony’s capital, and the center of power was firmly in the Gilbert Islands, including the colony’s only secondary school. Amid growing tensions with the Gilbertese, Tuvaluans voted to secede from the colony in 1974, were granted self-rule in 1975, and gained independence in 1978 as Tuvalu. In 1979, the US relinquished its claims to the Tuvaluan islands in a treaty of friendship.", "display": "Voyagers from either Samoa or Tonga first populated Tuvalu in the first millennium A.D., and the islands provided a stepping-stone for various Polynesian communities that subseque…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1916 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Oceania, island group consisting of nine coral atolls in the South Pacific Ocean, about half way from Hawaii to Australia", "display": "Oceania, island group consisting of nine coral atolls in the South Pacific Ocean, about half way from Hawaii to Australia", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Oceania", "display": "Oceania", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 26 sq km | land: 26 sq km | water: 0 sq km", "display": "total : 26 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 26.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "24 km", "display": "24 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "low-lying and narrow coral atolls", "display": "low-lying and narrow coral atolls", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical; moderated by easterly trade winds (March to November); westerly gales and heavy rain (November to March)", "display": "tropical; moderated by easterly trade winds (March to November); westerly gales and heavy rain (November to March)", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: unnamed location 5 m | lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m | mean elevation: 2 m", "display": "highest point: unnamed location 5 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "severe tropical storms are usually rare, but in 1997 there were three cyclones; low levels of islands make them sensitive to changes in sea level", "display": "severe tropical storms are usually rare, but in 1997 there were three cyclones; low levels of islands make them sensitive to changes in sea level", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1997 }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "fish, coconut (copra)", "display": "fish, coconut (copra)", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "over half of the population resides on the atoll of Funafuti", "display": "over half of the population resides on the atoll of Funafuti", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 11,824 (2025 est.) | male: 5,865 | female: 5,959", "display": "total: 11,824 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 11824.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.75% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.75% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0075, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 66.2% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 2.08% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 66.2% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Tuvaluan (official), English (official), Samoan, Kiribati (on the island of Nui)", "display": "Tuvaluan (official), English (official), Samoan, Kiribati (on the island of Nui)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Protestant 92.7% (Congregational Christian Church of Tuvalu 85.9%, Brethren 2.8%, Seventh Day Adventist 2.5%, Assemblies of God 1.5%), Baha'i 1.5%, Jehovah's Witness 1.5%, other 3.9%, none or refused 0.4% (2017 est.)", "display": "Protestant 92.7% (Congregational Christian Church of Tuvalu 85.9%, Brethren 2.8%, Seventh Day Adventist 2.5%, Assemblies of God 1.5%), Baha'i 1.5%, Jehovah's Witness 1.5%, other 3…", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2017 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 69 years (2024 est.) | male: 66.5 years | female: 71.6 years", "display": "total population: 69 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 69.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 28.1 years (2025 est.) | male: 26.8 years | female: 28.8 years", "display": "total: 28.1 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "7,000 FUNAFUTI (capital) (2018)", "display": "7,000 FUNAFUTI (capital) (2018)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 100% (2022 est.) | male: 100% (2022 est.) | female: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: none | conventional short form: Tuvalu | local long form: none | local short form: Tuvalu | former: Ellice Islands | etymology: the name in the local language means \"group of eight\" or \"eight standing together,\" referring to eight of the country's nine islands; the remaining island, Nui, was left out of the original grouping because its inhabitants spoke a different language; the former name was given in honor of Canadian shipping company owner Alexander Ellice, who owned a ship that visited the islands in 1819", "display": "conventional long form: none", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Funafuti | geographic coordinates: 8 31 S, 179 13 E | time difference: UTC+12 (17 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: the town has the same name as the island it is located on; the name may either come from the Polynesian word futi (banana) or the name Futi, one of the wives of a local ruler, with the word funa added as a feminine prefix | note: the capital is an atoll of 29 islets; administrative offices are in Vaiaku Village on Fongafale Islet", "display": "name: Funafuti", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm", "display": "parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "mixed system of English common law and local customary law", "display": "mixed system of English common law and local customary law", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: previous 1978 (at independence); latest effective 1 October 1986 | amendment process: proposed by the House of Assembly; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly membership in the final reading", "display": "history: previous 1978 (at independence); latest effective 1 October 1986", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1978 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "7 island councils and 1 town council*; Funafuti*, Nanumaga, Nanumea, Niutao, Nui, Nukufetau, Nukulaelae, Vaitupu", "display": "7 island councils and 1 town council*; Funafuti*, Nanumaga, Nanumea, Niutao, Nui, Nukufetau, Nukulaelae, Vaitupu", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACP, ADB, AOSIS, C, FAO, IBRD, IDA, IFAD, IFRCS (observer), ILO, IMF, IMO, IOC, ITU, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO", "display": "ACP, ADB, AOSIS, C, FAO, IBRD, IDA, IFAD, IFRCS (observer), ILO, IMF, IMO, IOC, ITU, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "upper middle-income Pacific island economy; extremely environmentally fragile; currency pegged to Australian dollar; large international aid recipient; subsistence agrarian sector; Te Kakeega sustainable development; domain name licensing incomes", "display": "upper middle-income Pacific island economy; extremely environmentally fragile; currency pegged to Australian dollar; large international aid recipient; subsistence agrarian sector…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$57.055 million (2023 est.) | $54.938 million (2022 est.) | $54.568 million (2021 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$57.055 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 0.057055, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$5,800 (2023 est.) | $5,500 (2022 est.) | $5,400 (2021 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$5,800 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 5800.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3.9% (2023 est.) | 0.7% (2022 est.) | 1.8% (2021 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "3.9% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "11.5% (2022 est.) | 6.2% (2021 est.) | 1.9% (2020 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "11.5% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.115, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "fishing", "display": "fishing", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "coconuts, vegetables, tropical fruits, bananas, root vegetables, pork, chicken, eggs, pork fat, pork offal (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "coconuts, vegetables, tropical fruits, bananas, root vegetables, pork, chicken, eggs, pork fat, pork offal (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "fish (2023) | note: top export commodities based on value in dollars over $500,000", "display": "fish (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "ships, refined petroleum, iron structures, fish, hand tools (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "ships, refined petroleum, iron structures, fish, hand tools (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 74% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 74% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.74, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 0 (2022 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 5 (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 0 (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 0.0, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 100% | electrification - rural areas: 99.1%", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "1 (2025)", "display": "1 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 1 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 0 | very small: 1 | ports with oil terminals: 1 | key ports: Funafuti Atoll", "display": "total ports: 1 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 270 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 21, container ship 3, general cargo 29, oil tanker 19, other 198", "display": "total: 270 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "limited freshwater resources; beach erosion; deforestation; damage to coral reefs; rising sea levels", "display": "limited freshwater resources; beach erosion; deforestation; damage to coral reefs; rising sea levels", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, S…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/tuvalu.json" }, { "entity_id": "uganda", "name": "Uganda", "source_code": "UG", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Africa", "roadmap_country": "Uganda", "coverage_region": "Africa", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 146, "published_fact_count": 50, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 50863850.0, "area_sq_km": 241038.0, "capital": "Kampala", "government_type": "presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 69.7, "urban_population_percent": 26.8, "internet_users_percent": 15.0, "electricity_access_percent": 47.1, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 2900.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": true }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "An ancient crossroads for various migrations, Uganda has as many as 65 ethnic groups that speak languages from three of Africa’s four major linguistic families. As early as 1200, fertile soils and regular rainfall in the south fostered the formation of several large, centralized kingdoms, including Buganda, from which the country derives its name. Muslim traders from Egypt reached northern Uganda in the 1820s, and Swahili merchants from the Indian Ocean coast arrived in the south by the 1840s. The area attracted the attention of British explorers seeking the source of the Nile River in the 1860s, and this influence expanded in subsequent decades with the arrival of Christian missionaries and trade agreements; Uganda was declared a British protectorate in 1894. Buganda and other southern kingdoms negotiated agreements with Britain to secure privileges and a level of autonomy that were rare during the colonial period in Africa. Uganda's colonial boundaries grouped together a wide range of ethnic groups with different political systems and cultures, and the disparities between how Britain governed southern and northern areas compounded these differences, complicating efforts to establish a cohesive independent country. | Uganda gained independence in 1962 with one of the more developed economies and one of the strongest education systems in Sub-Saharan Africa, but it descended within a few years into political turmoil and internal conflict that lasted more than two decades. In 1966, Prime Minister Milton OBOTE suspended the constitution and violently deposed President Edward MUTESA, who was also the king of Buganda. Idi AMIN seized power in 1971 through a military coup and led the country into economic ruin and rampant mass atrocities that killed as many as 500,000 civilians. AMIN’s annexation of Tanzanian territory in 1979 provoked Tanzania to invade Uganda, depose AMIN, and install a coalition government. In the aftermath, Uganda continued to experience atrocities, looting, and political instability and had four different heads of state between 1979 and 1980. OBOTE regained the presidency in 1980 through a controversial election that sparked renewed guerrilla warfare, killing as an estimated 300,000 civilians. Gen. Tito OKELLO seized power in a coup in 1985, but his rule was short-lived, with Yoweri MUSEVENI becoming president in 1986 after his insurgency captured the capital. MUSEVENI is widely credited with restoring relative stability and economic growth to Uganda but has resisted calls to leave office. In 2017, parliament removed presidential age limits, making it possible for MUSEVENI to remain in office for life.", "display": "An ancient crossroads for various migrations, Uganda has as many as 65 ethnic groups that speak languages from three of Africa’s four major linguistic families. As early as 1200,…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1962 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "East-Central Africa, west of Kenya, east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo", "display": "East-Central Africa, west of Kenya, east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Africa", "display": "Africa", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 241,038 sq km | land: 197,100 sq km | water: 43,938 sq km", "display": "total : 241,038 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 241038.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "0 km (landlocked)", "display": "0 km (landlocked)", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly plateau with rim of mountains", "display": "mostly plateau with rim of mountains", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical; generally rainy with two dry seasons (December to February, June to August); semiarid in northeast", "display": "tropical; generally rainy with two dry seasons (December to February, June to August); semiarid in northeast", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Margherita Peak on Mount Stanley 5,110 m | lowest point: Albert Nile 614 m", "display": "highest point: Margherita Peak on Mount Stanley 5,110 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "droughts; floods; earthquakes; landslides; hailstorms", "display": "droughts; floods; earthquakes; landslides; hailstorms", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "copper, cobalt, hydropower, limestone, salt, arable land, gold", "display": "copper, cobalt, hydropower, limestone, salt, arable land, gold", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "population density is relatively high in comparison to other African nations; most of the population is concentrated in the central and southern parts of the country, particularly along the shores of Lake Victoria and Lake Albert; the northeast is least populated, as shown in this population distribution map", "display": "population density is relatively high in comparison to other African nations; most of the population is concentrated in the central and southern parts of the country, particularly…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 50,863,850 (2025 est.) | male: 24,835,513 | female: 26,028,337", "display": "total: 50,863,850 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 50863850.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "3.13% (2025 est.)", "display": "3.13% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0313, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 26.8% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 5.41% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 26.8% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "English (official), Ganda or Luganda (most widely used of the Niger-Congo languages and the language used most often in the capital), other Niger-Congo languages, Nilo-Saharan languages, Swahili (official), Arabic", "display": "English (official), Ganda or Luganda (most widely used of the Niger-Congo languages and the language used most often in the capital), other Niger-Congo languages, Nilo-Saharan lan…", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Protestant 45.1% (Anglican 32.0%, Pentecostal/Born Again/Evangelical 11.1%, Seventh Day Adventist 1.7%, Baptist .3%), Roman Catholic 39.3%, Muslim 13.7%, other 1.6%, none 0.2% (2014 est.)", "display": "Protestant 45.1% (Anglican 32.0%, Pentecostal/Born Again/Evangelical 11.1%, Seventh Day Adventist 1.7%, Baptist .3%), Roman Catholic 39.3%, Muslim 13.7%, other 1.6%, none 0.2% (20…", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2014 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 69.7 years (2024 est.) | male: 67.5 years | female: 72 years", "display": "total population: 69.7 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 69.7, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 16.4 years (2025 est.) | male: 15.5 years | female: 17.1 years", "display": "total: 16.4 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "3.846 million KAMPALA (capital) (2023)", "display": "3.846 million KAMPALA (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 69.1% (2016 est.) | male: 78.5% (2016 est.) | female: 61% (2016 est.)", "display": "total population: 69.1% (2016 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2016 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 9 years (2016 est.) | male: 10 years (2016 est.) | female: 9 years (2016 est.)", "display": "total: 9 years (2016 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2016 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Uganda | conventional short form: Uganda | etymology: the name is derived from the Swahili word u , meaning \"land\" or \"country,\" and the Ganda people; the origin of the Ganda name is unclear", "display": "conventional long form: Republic of Uganda", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Kampala | geographic coordinates: 0 19 N, 32 33 E | time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: the name is said to come from an African antelope, the impala", "display": "name: Kampala", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "presidential republic", "display": "presidential republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "mixed system of English common law and customary law", "display": "mixed system of English common law and customary law", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: several previous; latest adopted 27 September 1995, promulgated 8 October 1995 | amendment process: proposed by the National Assembly; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly membership in the second and third readings; proposals affecting \"entrenched clauses,\" including the sovereignty of the people, supremacy of the constitution, human rights and freedoms, the democratic and multiparty form of government, presidential term of office, independence of the judiciary, and the institutions of traditional or cultural leaders, also requires passage by referendum, ratification by at least two-thirds majority vote of district council members in at least two thirds of Uganda's districts, and assent of the president of the republic", "display": "history: several previous; latest adopted 27 September 1995, promulgated 8 October 1995", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1995 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "134 districts and 1 capital city*; Abim, Adjumani, Agago, Alebtong, Amolatar, Amudat, Amuria, Amuru, Apac, Arua, Budaka, Bududa, Bugiri, Bugweri, Buhweju, Buikwe, Bukedea, Bukomansimbi, Bukwo, Bulambuli, Buliisa, Bundibugyo, Bunyangabu, Bushenyi, Busia, Butaleja, Butambala, Butebo, Buvuma, Buyende, Dokolo, Gomba, Gulu, Hoima, Ibanda, Iganga, Isingiro, Jinja, Kaabong, Kabale, Kabarole, Kaberamaido, Kagadi, Kakumiro, Kalaki, Kalangala, Kaliro, Kalungu, Kampala*, Kamuli, Kamwenge, Kanungu, Kapchorwa, Kapelebyong, Karenga, Kasese, Kasanda, Katakwi, Kayunga, Kazo, Kibaale, Kiboga, Kibuku, Kikuube, Kiruhura, Kiryandongo, Kisoro, Kitagwenda, Kitgum, Koboko, Kole, Kotido, Kumi, Kwania, Kween, Kyankwanzi, Kyegegwa, Kyenjojo, Kyotera, Lamwo, Lira, Luuka, Luwero, Lwengo, Lyantonde, Madi-Okollo, Manafwa, Maracha, Masaka, Masindi, Mayuge, Mbale, Mbarara, Mitooma, Mityana, Moroto, Moyo, Mpigi, Mubende, Mukono, Nabilatuk, Nakapiripirit, Nakaseke, Nakasongola, Namayingo, Namisindwa, Namutumba, Napak, Nebbi, Ngora, Ntoroko, Ntungamo, Nwoya, Obongi, Omoro, Otuke, Oyam, Pader, Pakwach, Pallisa, Rakai, Rubanda, Rubirizi, Rukiga, Rukungiri, Rwampara, Sembabule, Serere, Sheema, Sironko, Soroti, Tororo, Wakiso, Yumbe, Zombo", "display": "134 districts and 1 capital city*; Abim, Adjumani, Agago, Alebtong, Amolatar, Amudat, Amuria, Amuru, Apac, Arua, Budaka, Bududa, Bugiri, Bugweri, Buhweju, Buikwe, Bukedea, Bukoman…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACP, AfDB, ATMIS, AU, C, COMESA, EAC, EADB, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITC, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCDF, UNCTAD, UNECA, UNDP, UNFPA, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNICEF, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNOCI, UNOPS, UNSOM, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFP, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ACP, AfDB, ATMIS, AU, C, COMESA, EAC, EADB, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU,…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "low-income, primarily agrarian East African economy; COVID-19 hurt economic growth and poverty reduction; lower oil prices threaten prior sector investments; endemic corruption; natural resource rich; high female labor force participation but undervalued", "display": "low-income, primarily agrarian East African economy; COVID-19 hurt economic growth and poverty reduction; lower oil prices threaten prior sector investments; endemic corruption; n…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$144.137 billion (2024 est.) | $135.803 billion (2023 est.) | $128.923 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$144.137 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 144.137, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$2,900 (2024 est.) | $2,800 (2023 est.) | $2,700 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$2,900 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 2900.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "6.1% (2024 est.) | 5.3% (2023 est.) | 4.6% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "6.1% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3.3% (2024 est.) | 5.4% (2023 est.) | 7.2% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "3.3% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.033, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3% (2024 est.) | 2.8% (2023 est.) | 2.9% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "3% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.03, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "sugar processing, brewing, tobacco, cotton textiles; cement, steel production", "display": "sugar processing, brewing, tobacco, cotton textiles; cement, steel production", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "plantains, sugarcane, milk, maize, cassava, sweet potatoes, vegetables, beans, potatoes, tea (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "plantains, sugarcane, milk, maize, cassava, sweet potatoes, vegetables, beans, potatoes, tea (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "gold, coffee, fish, refined petroleum, tobacco (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "gold, coffee, fish, refined petroleum, tobacco (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, gold, plastics, packaged medicine, palm oil (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, gold, plastics, packaged medicine, palm oil (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 15% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 15% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.15, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 44,000 (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2023 est.) less than 1", "display": "total: 44,000 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 44000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 47.1% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 72% | electrification - rural areas: 35.9%", "display": "electrification - total population: 47.1% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 2.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 2.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 86.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 8.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 2.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "2.252 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "2.252 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "39 (2025)", "display": "39 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 1,244 km (2014) | narrow gauge: 1,244 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge", "display": "total: 1,244 km (2014)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2014 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "draining of wetlands for agricultural use; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; water pollution from industrial discharge and water hyacinth infestation in Lake Victoria; widespread poaching", "display": "draining of wetlands for agricultural use; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; water pollution from industrial discharge and water hyacinth infestation in Lake Victoria; wid…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "6.354 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: -398 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 6.354 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "6.354 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "60.1 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "60.1 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 328 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 50 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 259 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 328 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardo…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/uganda.json" }, { "entity_id": "ukraine", "name": "Ukraine", "source_code": "UA", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "AsiaEurope", "roadmap_country": "Ukraine", "coverage_region": "Europe", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 150, "published_fact_count": 52, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 35661826.0, "area_sq_km": 603550.0, "capital": "Kyiv (Kiev is the transliteration from Russian)", "government_type": "semi-presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 70.5, "urban_population_percent": 70.1, "internet_users_percent": 82.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 16300.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Ukraine was the center of the first eastern Slavic state, Kyivan Rus, which was the largest and most powerful state in Europe during the 10th and 11th centuries. Weakened by internecine quarrels and Mongol invasions, Kyivan Rus was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and eventually into the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The cultural and religious legacy of Kyivan Rus laid the foundation for Ukrainian nationalism. A new Ukrainian state, the Cossack Hetmanate, was established during the mid-17th century after an uprising against the Poles. Despite continuous Muscovite pressure, the Hetmanate managed to remain autonomous for well over 100 years. During the latter part of the 18th century, the Russian Empire absorbed most Ukrainian territory. After czarist Russia collapsed in 1917, Ukraine -- which has long been known as the region's \"bread basket\" for its agricultural production -- achieved a short-lived period of independence (1917-20), but the country was reconquered and endured a Soviet rule that engineered two famines (1921-22 and 1932-33) in which over eight million died. In World War II, German and Soviet armies were responsible for seven to eight million more deaths. In 1986, a sudden power surge during a reactor-systems test at Ukraine's Chernobyl power station triggered the worst nuclear disaster in history, releasing massive amounts of radioactive material. Although Ukraine overwhelmingly voted for independence in 1991 as the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) dissolved, democracy and prosperity remained elusive, with the legacy of state control, patronage politics, and endemic corruption stalling efforts at economic reform, privatization, and civil liberties. | In 2004 and 2005, a mass protest dubbed the \"Orange Revolution\" forced the authorities to overturn a presidential election and allow a new internationally monitored vote that swept into power a reformist slate under Viktor YUSHCHENKO. Rival Viktor YANUKOVYCH became prime minister in 2006 and was elected president in 2010. In 2012, Ukraine held legislative elections that Western observers widely criticized as corrupt. In 2013, YANUKOVYCH backtracked on a trade and cooperation agreement with the EU -- in favor of closer economic ties with Russia -- and then used force against protestors who supported the agreement, leading to a three-month protestor occupation of Kyiv's central square. The government's use of violence to break up the protest camp in 2014 led to multiple deaths, international condemnation, a failed political deal, and the president's abrupt departure for Russia. Pro-West President Petro POROSHENKO took office later that year; Volodymyr ZELENSKYY succeeded him in 2019. | Shortly after YANUKOVYCH's departure in 2014, Russian President Vladimir PUTIN ordered the invasion of Ukraine's Crimean Peninsula. In response, the UN passed a resolution confirming Ukraine's sovereignty and independence. In mid-2014, Russia began an armed conflict in two of Ukraine's eastern provinces. International efforts to end the conflict failed, and by 2022, more than 14,000 civilians were killed or wounded. On 24 February 2022, Russia escalated the conflict by invading the country on several fronts, in what has become the largest conventional military attack on a sovereign state in Europe since World War II. Russia made substantial gains in the early weeks of the invasion but underestimated Ukrainian resolve and combat capabilities. Despite Ukrainian resistance, Russia has laid claim to four Ukrainian oblasts -- Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk, and Zaporizhzhia -- although none is fully under Russian control. The international community has not recognized the annexations. The invasion has also created Europe's largest refugee crisis since World War II, with over six million Ukrainian refugees recorded globally. It remains one of the two largest displacement crises worldwide (the other is the conflict in Syria). President ZELENSKYY has focused on boosting Ukrainian identity to unite the country behind the goals of ending the war through reclaiming territory and advancing Ukraine’s candidacy for EU membership.", "display": "Ukraine was the center of the first eastern Slavic state, Kyivan Rus, which was the largest and most powerful state in Europe during the 10th and 11th centuries. Weakened by inter…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1917 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Eastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Poland, Belarus, Romania, and Moldova in the west and Russia in the east", "display": "Eastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Poland, Belarus, Romania, and Moldova in the west and Russia in the east", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "AsiaEurope", "display": "AsiaEurope", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 603,550 sq km | land: 579,330 sq km | water: 24,220 sq km | note: Russia annexed Crimea in 2014, an area of approximately 27,000 sq km (10,400 sq miles)", "display": "total : 603,550 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 603550.0, "estimate_year": 2014 }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "2,782 km", "display": "2,782 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly fertile plains (steppes) and plateaus, with mountains found only in the west (the Carpathians) or in the extreme south of the Crimean Peninsula", "display": "mostly fertile plains (steppes) and plateaus, with mountains found only in the west (the Carpathians) or in the extreme south of the Crimean Peninsula", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "temperate continental; Mediterranean only on the southern Crimean coast; precipitation disproportionately distributed, highest in west and north, lesser in east and southeast; winters vary from cool along the Black Sea to cold farther inland; warm summers across the greater part of the country, hot in the south", "display": "temperate continental; Mediterranean only on the southern Crimean coast; precipitation disproportionately distributed, highest in west and north, lesser in east and southeast; win…", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Hora Hoverla 2,061 m | lowest point: Black Sea 0 m | mean elevation: 175 m", "display": "highest point: Hora Hoverla 2,061 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "occasional floods; occasional droughts", "display": "occasional floods; occasional droughts", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "iron ore, coal, manganese, natural gas, oil, salt, sulfur, graphite, titanium, magnesium, kaolin, nickel, mercury, timber, arable land", "display": "iron ore, coal, manganese, natural gas, oil, salt, sulfur, graphite, titanium, magnesium, kaolin, nickel, mercury, timber, arable land", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "densest settlement in the eastern (Donbas) and western regions; notable concentrations in and around major urban areas of Kyiv, Kharkiv, Donets'k, Dnipropetrovs'k, and Odesa | note: the ongoing war with Russia has shifted significant portions of the population, particularly in the east", "display": "densest settlement in the eastern (Donbas) and western regions; notable concentrations in and around major urban areas of Kyiv, Kharkiv, Donets'k, Dnipropetrovs'k, and Odesa", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 35,661,826 (2024 est.) | male: 17,510,149 | female: 18,151,677", "display": "total: 35,661,826 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 35661826.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "2.42% (2025 est.)", "display": "2.42% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0242, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 70.1% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: -0.27% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 70.1% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Ukrainian (official) 67.5%, Russian (regional language) 29.6%, other (includes Crimean Tatar, Moldovan/Romanian, and Hungarian) 2.9% (2001 est.) | major-language sample(s): | Свiтова Книга Фактiв – найкраще джерело базової інформації. (Ukrainian) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Ukrainian (official) 67.5%, Russian (regional language) 29.6%, other (includes Crimean Tatar, Moldovan/Romanian, and Hungarian) 2.9% (2001 est.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2001 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Orthodox (includes the Orthodox Church of Ukraine (OCU), Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church (UAOC), and the Ukrainian Orthodox - Moscow Patriarchate (UOC-MP)), Ukrainian Greek Catholic, Roman Catholic, Protestant, Muslim, Jewish (2013 est.) | note: Ukraine's population is overwhelmingly Christian; the vast majority - up to two thirds - identify themselves as Orthodox, but many do not specify a particular branch; the OCU and the UOC-MP each represent less than a quarter of the country's population, the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church accounts for 8-10%, and the UAOC accounts for 1-2%; Muslim and Jewish adherents each compose less than 1% of the total population", "display": "Orthodox (includes the Orthodox Church of Ukraine (OCU), Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church (UAOC), and the Ukrainian Orthodox - Moscow Patriarchate (UOC-MP)), Ukrainian Gree…", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2013 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 70.5 years (2024 est.) | male: 65.4 years | female: 75.8 years", "display": "total population: 70.5 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 70.5, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 44.6 years (2025 est.) | male: 41.4 years | female: 49.2 years", "display": "total: 44.6 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "3.017 million KYIV (capital), 1.421 million Kharkiv, 1.008 million Odesa, 942,000 Dnipropetrovsk, 888,000 Donetsk (2023)", "display": "3.017 million KYIV (capital), 1.421 million Kharkiv, 1.008 million Odesa, 942,000 Dnipropetrovsk, 888,000 Donetsk (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 100% | male: 100% | female: 100% (2021)", "display": "total population: 100%", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 13 years (2021 est.) | male: 13 years (2021 est.) | female: 14 years (2021 est.)", "display": "total: 13 years (2021 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: none | conventional short form: Ukraine | local long form: none | local short form: Ukraina | former: Ukrainian National Republic, Ukrainian State, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic | etymology: the name derives from the Old East Slavic or Old Russian word ukraina , meaning \"borderland,\" which was used to describe the area on medieval Russia's border at the time of the Tatar invasion in the 13th century", "display": "conventional long form: none", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Kyiv (Kiev is the transliteration from Russian) | geographic coordinates: 50 26 N, 30 31 E | time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October | etymology: the origin of the name is unclear; traditionally, the name comes from a Prince Kiy, who is said to have founded the city in the 9th century", "display": "name: Kyiv (Kiev is the transliteration from Russian)", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "semi-presidential republic", "display": "semi-presidential republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": 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"history: several previous; latest adopted and ratified 28 June 1996", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1996 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "24 provinces ( oblasti , singular - oblast' ), 1 autonomous republic* ( avtonomna respublika ), and 2 municipalities** ( mista , singular - misto ) with oblast status; Cherkasy, Chernihiv, Chernivtsi, Crimea or Avtonomna Respublika Krym* (Simferopol), Dnipropetrovsk (Dnipro), Donetsk, Ivano-Frankivsk, Kharkiv, Kherson, Khmelnytskyi, Kirovohrad (Kropyvnytskyi), Kyiv**, Kyiv, Luhansk, Lviv, Mykolaiv, Odesa, Poltava, Rivne, Sevastopol**, Sumy, Ternopil, Vinnytsia, Volyn (Lutsk), Zakarpattia (Uzhhorod), Zaporizhzhia, Zhytomyr | note 1: administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers; exceptions show the administrative center name in parentheses | note 2: the United States does not recognize Russia's annexation or renaming of Ukraine's Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the municipality of Sevastopol; it similarly does not recognize the annexation of the Ukrainian oblasts Donetsk, Luhansk, Zaporizhzhia, and Kherson", "display": "24 provinces ( oblasti , singular - oblast' ), 1 autonomous republic* ( avtonomna respublika ), and 2 municipalities** ( mista , singular - misto ) with oblast status; Cherkasy, C…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "Australia Group, BSEC, CBSS (observer), CD, CE, CEI, CICA (observer), CIS (participating member, has not signed the 1993 CIS charter), EAEC (observer), EAPC, EBRD, FAO, GCTU, GUAM, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, 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at start of war; damage to infrastructure and agriculture balanced by consumer and business resilience in western Ukraine; international aid has stabilized foreign exchange reserves, allowing managed currency float; continued progress on anti-corruption reforms", "display": "lower-middle-income, non-EU, Eastern European economy; key wheat and corn exporter; gradual recovery after 30% GDP contraction at start of war; damage to infrastructure and agricu…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$577.583 billion (2024 est.) | $561.23 billion (2023 est.) | $531.796 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$577.583 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 577.583, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$16,300 (2024 est.) | $15,900 (2023 est.) | $13,800 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$16,300 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 16300.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.9% (2024 est.) | 5.5% (2023 est.) | -28.8% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "2.9% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "6.5% (2024 est.) | 12.8% (2023 est.) | 20.2% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "6.5% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.065, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "9.9% (2021 est.) | 9.5% (2020 est.) | 8.2% (2019 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "9.9% (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.099, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "industrial machinery, ferrous and nonferrous metals, automotive and aircraft components, electronics, chemicals, textiles, mining, construction", "display": "industrial machinery, ferrous and nonferrous metals, automotive and aircraft components, electronics, chemicals, textiles, mining, construction", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "maize, wheat, potatoes, sugar beets, sunflower seeds, milk, barley, soybeans, rapeseed, tomatoes (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "maize, wheat, potatoes, sugar beets, sunflower seeds, milk, barley, soybeans, rapeseed, tomatoes (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "corn, seed oils, wheat, iron ore, soybeans (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "corn, seed oils, wheat, iron ore, soybeans (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, cars, natural gas, packaged medicine, plastic products (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, cars, natural gas, packaged medicine, plastic products (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 82% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 82% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.82, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 8.07 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 20 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 8.07 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 8070000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 32.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | nuclear: 50.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 4.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 9.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 32.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "57.856 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "57.856 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "152 (2025)", "display": "152 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 26 (2024) | large: 3 | medium: 0 | small: 8 | very small: 15 | ports with oil terminals: 8 | key ports: Berdyansk, Dnipro-Buzkyy, Feodosiya, Illichivsk, Kerch, Kherson, Mariupol, Mykolayiv, Odesa, Sevastopol, Yuzhnyy", "display": "total ports: 26 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 21,733 km (2014) | standard gauge: 49 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge (49 km electrified) | broad gauge: 21,684 km (2014) 1.524-m gauge (9,250 km electrified)", "display": "total: 21,733 km (2014)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2014 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 410 (2023) | by type: container ship 1, general cargo 83, oil tanker 14, other 312", "display": "total: 410 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "air and water pollution; land degradation; solid waste management; biodiversity loss; deforestation; radiation contamination in the northeast from 1986 nuclear accident in Chornobyl'", "display": "air and water pollution; land degradation; solid waste management; biodiversity loss; deforestation; radiation contamination in the northeast from 1986 nuclear accident in Chornob…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1986 }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "106.847 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 45.512 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 24.488 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 36.847 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "106.847 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "175.28 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "175.28 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 1.66 billion cubic meters (2022) | industrial: 2.188 billion cubic meters (2022) | agricultural: 1.031 billion cubic meters (2022)", "display": "municipal: 1.66 billion cubic meters (2022)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds", "display": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiver…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/ukraine.json" }, { "entity_id": "united-arab-emirates", "name": "United Arab Emirates", "source_code": "AE", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Middle East", "roadmap_country": "United Arab Emirates", "coverage_region": "Asia", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 144, "published_fact_count": 51, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 10093593.0, "area_sq_km": 83600.0, "capital": "Abu Dhabi", "government_type": "federation of monarchies", "life_expectancy_years": 79.9, "urban_population_percent": 87.8, "internet_users_percent": 100.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 68600.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "The Trucial States of the Persian Gulf coast granted the UK control of their defense and foreign affairs in 19th-century treaties. In 1971, six of these states -- Abu Dhabi, 'Ajman, Al Fujayrah, Ash Shariqah, Dubayy, and Umm al Qaywayn -- merged to form the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Ra's al Khaymah joined in 1972. | The UAE's per-capita GDP is on par with those of leading West European nations. For more than three decades, oil and global finance drove the UAE's economy. In 2008-09, the confluence of falling oil prices, collapsing real estate prices, and the international banking crisis hit the UAE especially hard. The UAE did not experience the \"Arab Spring\" unrest seen elsewhere in the Middle East in 2010-11, partly because of the government's multi-year, $1.6-billion infrastructure investment plan for the poorer northern emirates, and its aggressive pursuit of advocates for political reform. | The UAE in recent years has played a growing role in regional affairs. In addition to donating billions of dollars in economic aid to help stabilize Egypt, the UAE was one of the first countries to join the Defeat ISIS coalition, and to participate as a key partner in a Saudi-led military campaign in Yemen. In 2020, the UAE and Bahrain signed a peace agreement (the Abraham Accords) with Israel -- brokered by the US -- in Washington, D.C. The UAE and Bahrain thus became the third and fourth Middle Eastern countries, along with Egypt and Jordan, to recognize Israel.", "display": "The Trucial States of the Persian Gulf coast granted the UK control of their defense and foreign affairs in 19th-century treaties. In 1971, six of these states -- Abu Dhabi, 'Ajma…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1971 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Middle East, bordering the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf, between Oman and Saudi Arabia", "display": "Middle East, bordering the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf, between Oman and Saudi Arabia", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Middle East", "display": "Middle East", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 83,600 sq km | land: 83,600 sq km | water: 0 sq km", "display": "total : 83,600 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 83600.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "1,318 km", "display": "1,318 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "flat, barren coastal plain merging into rolling sand dunes of vast desert; mountains in east", "display": "flat, barren coastal plain merging into rolling sand dunes of vast desert; mountains in east", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "desert; cooler in eastern mountains", "display": "desert; cooler in eastern mountains", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Jabal Bil 'Ays 1,905 m | lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m | mean elevation: 149 m", "display": "highest point: Jabal Bil 'Ays 1,905 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "frequent sand and dust storms", "display": "frequent sand and dust storms", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "petroleum, natural gas", "display": "petroleum, natural gas", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "population is heavily concentrated to the northeast on the Musandam Peninsula; the three largest emirates -- Abu Dhabi, Dubai, and Sharjah -- are home to nearly 85% of the population", "display": "population is heavily concentrated to the northeast on the Musandam Peninsula; the three largest emirates -- Abu Dhabi, Dubai, and Sharjah -- are home to nearly 85% of the populat…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 10,093,593 (2025 est.) | male: 6,831,802 | female: 3,261,791", "display": "total: 10,093,593 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 10093593.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.62% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.62% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0062, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 87.8% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 1.5% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 87.8% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Arabic (official), English, Hindi, Malayalam, Urdu, Pashto, Tagalog, Persian | major-language sample(s): | كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Arabic (official), English, Hindi, Malayalam, Urdu, Pashto, Tagalog, Persian", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Muslim 74.5% (official) (Sunni 63.3%, Shia 6.7%, other 4.4%), Christian 12.9%, Hindu 6.2%, Buddhist 3.2%, agnostic 1.3%, other 1.9% (2020 est.) | note : data represent the total population; 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The island of Ireland was incorporated under the 1800 Acts of Union, while Wales had been part of the Kingdom of England since the 16th century. The United Kingdom has historically played a leading role in developing parliamentary democracy and in advancing literature and science. The 18th and 19th centuries saw the rapid expansion of the British Empire despite the loss of the Thirteen Colonies, and at its zenith in the early 20th century, the British Empire stretched over one fourth of the earth's surface. The first half of the 20th century saw two World Wars seriously deplete the UK's strength and the Irish Republic withdraw from the union. The second half witnessed the dismantling of the Empire and the UK rebuilding itself into a modern and prosperous European nation. As one of five permanent members of the UN Security Council and a founding member of NATO and the Commonwealth of Nations, the UK pursues a global approach to foreign policy. The devolved Scottish Parliament, the National Assembly for Wales, and the Northern Ireland Assembly were established in 1998. | The UK was an active member of the EU after its accession in 1973, although it chose to remain outside the Economic and Monetary Union. However, motivated in part by frustration at a remote bureaucracy in Brussels and massive migration into the country, UK citizens in 2016 voted by 52 to 48 percent to leave the EU. 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rate", "value": 0.004, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 84.6% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.8% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 84.6% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "English | note: the following are recognized regional languages: Scots (about 30% of the population of Scotland), Scottish Gaelic (about 60,000 speakers in Scotland), Welsh (about 20% of the population of Wales), Irish (about 10% of the population of Northern Ireland), Cornish (some 2,000 to 3,000 people in Cornwall) (2012 est.)", "display": "English", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2012 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Christian (includes Anglican, Roman Catholic, Presbyterian, Methodist) 59.5%, Muslim 4.4%, Hindu 1.3%, other 2%, unspecified 7.2%, none 25.7% (2011 est.)", "display": "Christian (includes Anglican, Roman Catholic, Presbyterian, Methodist) 59.5%, Muslim 4.4%, Hindu 1.3%, other 2%, unspecified 7.2%, none 25.7% (2011 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2011 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 82.2 years (2024 est.) | male: 80.1 years | female: 84.4 years", "display": "total population: 82.2 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 82.2, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 40.9 years (2025 est.) | male: 40.1 years | female: 41.5 years", "display": "total: 40.9 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "9.648 million LONDON (capital), 2.791 million Manchester, 2.665 million Birmingham, 1.929 million West Yorkshire, 1.698 million Glasgow, 952,000 Southampton/Portsmouth (2023)", "display": "9.648 million LONDON (capital), 2.791 million Manchester, 2.665 million Birmingham, 1.929 million West Yorkshire, 1.698 million Glasgow, 952,000 Southampton/Portsmouth (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 18 years (2022 est.) | male: 17 years (2022 est.) | female: 18 years (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 18 years (2022 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; note - the island of Great Britain includes England, Scotland, and Wales | conventional short form: United Kingdom | abbreviation: UK | etymology: the name United Kingdom is self-descriptive; the name Britain probably derives from the Celtic word pretani , meaning \"painted people;\" the designation of Great Britain for England, Scotland, and Wales dates back to medieval times and was used to distinguish the island from Little Britain, or Brittany, in modern France; the name Ireland evolved from the Gaelic name Eriu, which is possibly derived from the Old Celtic iveriu , meaning \"good land\"", "display": "conventional long form: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; note - the island of Great Britain includes England, Scotland, and Wales", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: London | geographic coordinates: 51 30 N, 0 05 W | time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October | time zone note: the time statements apply to the United Kingdom proper, not to its crown dependencies or overseas territories | etymology: the name derives from the Roman settlement of Londinium, established on the current site of London around A.D. 43; the original meaning of the name is uncertain", "display": "name: London", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm", "display": "parliamentary constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "common law system; has nonbinding judicial review of Acts of Parliament under the Human Rights Act of 1998", "display": "common law system; has nonbinding judicial review of Acts of Parliament under the Human Rights Act of 1998", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1998 }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: uncoded; partly statutes, partly common law and practice | amendment process: proposed as a bill for an Act of Parliament by the government, by the House of Commons, or by the House of Lords; passage requires agreement by both houses and by the monarch (Royal Assent)", "display": "history: uncoded; partly statutes, partly common law and practice", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "England: 24 two-tier counties, 32 London boroughs and 1 City of London or Greater London, 36 metropolitan districts, 59 unitary authorities (including 4 single-tier counties*) | two-tier counties: Cambridgeshire, Cumbria, Derbyshire, Devon, East Sussex, Essex, Gloucestershire, Hampshire, Hertfordshire, Kent, Lancashire, Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, Norfolk, North Yorkshire, Nottinghamshire, Oxfordshire, Somerset, Staffordshire, Suffolk, Surrey, Warwickshire, West Sussex, Worcestershire | London boroughs and City of London or Greater London: Barking and Dagenham, Barnet, Bexley, Brent, Bromley, Camden, Croydon, Ealing, Enfield, Greenwich, Hackney, Hammersmith and Fulham, Haringey, Harrow, Havering, Hillingdon, Hounslow, Islington, Kensington and Chelsea, Kingston upon Thames, Lambeth, Lewisham, City of London, Merton, Newham, Redbridge, Richmond upon Thames, Southwark, Sutton, Tower Hamlets, Waltham Forest, Wandsworth, Westminster | metropolitan districts: Barnsley, Birmingham, Bolton, Bradford, Bury, Calderdale, Coventry, Doncaster, Dudley, Gateshead, Kirklees, Knowlsey, Leeds, Liverpool, Manchester, Newcastle upon Tyne, North Tyneside, Oldham, Rochdale, Rotherham, Salford, Sandwell, Sefton, Sheffield, Solihull, South Tyneside, St. Helens, Stockport, Sunderland, Tameside, Trafford, Wakefield, Walsall, Wigan, Wirral, Wolverhampton | unitary authorities: Bath and North East Somerset; Bedford; Blackburn with Darwen; Blackpool; Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole; 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Causeway Coast and Glens; Mid and East Antrim | district councils: Derry City and Strabane; Fermanagh and Omagh; Mid Ulster; Newry, Murne, and Down city councils: Belfast; Lisburn and Castlereagh | Scotland: 32 council areas | council areas: Aberdeen City, Aberdeenshire, Angus, Argyll and Bute, Clackmannanshire, Dumfries and Galloway, Dundee City, East Ayrshire, East Dunbartonshire, East Lothian, East Renfrewshire, City of Edinburgh, Eilean Siar (Western Isles), Falkirk, Fife, Glasgow City, Highland, Inverclyde, Midlothian, Moray, North Ayrshire, North Lanarkshire, Orkney Islands, Perth and Kinross, Renfrewshire, Shetland Islands, South Ayrshire, South Lanarkshire, Stirling, The Scottish Borders, West Dunbartonshire, West Lothian | Wales: 22 unitary authorities | unitary authorities: Blaenau Gwent, Bridgend, Caerphilly, Cardiff, Carmarthenshire, Ceredigion, Conwy, Denbighshire, Flintshire, Gwynedd, Isle of Anglesey, Merthyr Tydfil, Monmouthshire, Neath Port Talbot, Newport, Pembrokeshire, Powys, Rhondda Cynon Taff, Swansea, The Vale of Glamorgan, Torfaen, Wrexham", "display": "England: 24 two-tier counties, 32 London boroughs and 1 City of London or Greater London, 36 metropolitan districts, 59 unitary authorities (including 4 single-tier counties*)", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council (observer), Australia Group, BIS, C, CBSS (observer), CD, CDB, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-5, G-7, G-8, G-10, G-20, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NATO, 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"high-income, non-EU European economy; global financial center and dominant service sector; sluggish growth from stringent monetary policy, reduced business investment, low product…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$3.636 trillion (2024 est.) | $3.596 trillion (2023 est.) | $3.582 trillion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$3.636 trillion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 3636.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$52,500 (2024 est.) | $52,500 (2023 est.) | $53,000 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$52,500 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 52500.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "1.1% (2024 est.) | 0.4% (2023 est.) | 4.8% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "1.1% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3.3% (2024 est.) | 6.8% (2023 est.) | 7.9% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "3.3% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.033, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "4.2% (2024 est.) | 4% (2023 est.) | 3.8% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "4.2% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.042, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "machine tools, electric power equipment, automation equipment, railroad equipment, shipbuilding, aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, electronics and communications equipment, metals, chemicals, coal, petroleum, paper and paper products, food processing, textiles, clothing, other consumer goods", "display": "machine tools, electric power equipment, automation equipment, railroad equipment, shipbuilding, aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, electronics and communications equipment, meta…", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "milk, wheat, sugar beets, barley, potatoes, chicken, rapeseed, pork, beef, oats (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "milk, wheat, sugar beets, barley, potatoes, chicken, rapeseed, pork, beef, oats (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "cars, gold, gas turbines, packaged medicine, crude petroleum (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "cars, gold, gas turbines, packaged medicine, crude petroleum (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "cars, gold, crude petroleum, refined petroleum, natural gas (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "cars, gold, crude petroleum, refined petroleum, natural gas (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 96% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 96% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.96, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 28.2 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 41 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 28.2 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 28200000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 99.9% | electrification - rural areas: 100%", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 36.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | nuclear: 13.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 4.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 30.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 1.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 12.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 36.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "94.28 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "94.28 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "1,057 (2025)", "display": "1,057 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 185 (2024) | large: 7 | medium: 24 | small: 67 | very small: 86 | size unknown: 1 | ports with oil terminals: 67 | key ports: Aberdeen, Barrow-in-Furness, Barry, Belfast, Blyth, Bristol, Cardiff, Dundee, Falmouth Harbour, Glasgow, Greenock, Grimsby, Immingham, Kingston-upon-Hull, Leith, Lerwick, Liverpool, London, Londonderry, Lyness, Manchester, Milford Haven, Newport, Peterhead, Plymouth, Portland Harbour, Portsmouth Harbour, Southampton, Sunderland, Teesport, Tynemouth", "display": "total ports: 185 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 16,390 km (2020) 6,167 km electrified", "display": "total: 16,390 km (2020) 6,167 km electrified", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 868 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 34, container ship 46, general cargo 62, oil tanker 13, other 713 | note: includes Channel Islands (total fleet 2; general cargo 1, other 1); excludes Isle of Man", "display": "total: 868 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "air pollution in the London region; soil pollution from pesticides and heavy metals; decline in marine and coastal habitats from housing, tourism, and industry", "display": "air pollution in the London region; soil pollution from pesticides and heavy metals; decline in marine and coastal habitats from housing, tourism, and industry", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "340.94 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 17.093 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 197.133 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 126.713 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "340.94 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "147 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "147 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 6.227 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 1.01 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 1.183 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 6.227 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/united-kingdom.json" }, { "entity_id": "united-states", "name": "United States", "source_code": "US", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "North America", "roadmap_country": "United States", "coverage_region": "Americas", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 154, "published_fact_count": 51, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 338016259.0, "area_sq_km": 9833517.0, "capital": "Washington, D.C.", "government_type": "constitutional federal republic", "life_expectancy_years": 80.9, "urban_population_percent": 83.3, "internet_users_percent": 93.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 75500.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Thirteen of Britain's American colonies broke with the mother country in 1776 and were recognized as the new nation of the United States of America following the Treaty of Paris in 1783. During the 19th and 20th centuries, 37 new states were added as the nation expanded across the North American continent and acquired a number of overseas possessions. Two of the most traumatic experiences in the nation's history were the Civil War (1861-65), in which a northern Union of states defeated a secessionist Confederacy of 11 southern slave states, and the Great Depression of the 1930s, an economic downturn during which about a quarter of the labor force lost its jobs. Buoyed by victories in World Wars I and II and the end of the Cold War in 1991, the US remains the world's most powerful nation state. Since the end of World War II, the economy has achieved relatively steady growth, low unemployment, and rapid advances in technology.", "display": "Thirteen of Britain's American colonies broke with the mother country in 1776 and were recognized as the new nation of the United States of America following the Treaty of Paris i…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1991 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "North America, bordering both the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Pacific Ocean, between Canada and Mexico", "display": "North America, bordering both the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Pacific Ocean, between Canada and Mexico", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "North America", "display": "North America", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 9,833,517 sq km | land: 9,147,593 sq km | water: 685,924 sq km | note: includes only the 50 states and District of Columbia, no overseas territories", "display": "total : 9,833,517 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 9833517.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "19,924 km", "display": "19,924 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "vast central plain, mountains in west, hills and low mountains in east; rugged mountains and broad river valleys in Alaska; rugged, volcanic topography in Hawaii", "display": "vast central plain, mountains in west, hills and low mountains in east; rugged mountains and broad river valleys in Alaska; rugged, volcanic topography in Hawaii", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly temperate, but tropical in Hawaii and Florida, arctic in Alaska, semiarid in the great plains west of the Mississippi River, and arid in the Great Basin of the southwest; low winter temperatures in the northwest are ameliorated occasionally in January and February by warm chinook winds from the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains | note: many consider Mount McKinley, the highest peak in the United States, to be the world’s coldest mountain because of its combination of high elevation and its subarctic location at 63 degrees north latitude; permanent snow and ice cover over 75 percent of the mountain, and enormous glaciers, up to 45 miles long and 3,700 feet thick, spider out from its base in every direction; it is home to some of the world’s coldest and most violent weather, where winds of over 150 miles per hour and temperatures of -93˚F have been recorded.", "display": "mostly temperate, but tropical in Hawaii and Florida, arctic in Alaska, semiarid in the great plains west of the Mississippi River, and arid in the Great Basin of the southwest; l…", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Mount McKinley 6,190 m (highest point in North America) | lowest point: Death Valley (lowest point in North America) -86 m | mean elevation: 760 m | note 1: Mount McKinley is one of the most striking features on the entire planet; at 20,310 feet, it is the crowning peak of the Alaska Range and the highest mountain on North America; it towers three and one-half vertical miles above its base, making it a mile taller from base to summit than Mt. Everest; McKinley's base sits at about 2,000 feet above sea level and rises over three and one-half miles to its 20,310 foot summit; Everest begins on a 14,000-foot high plain, then summits at 29,028 feet | note 2: the peak of Mauna Kea (4,207 m above sea level) on the island of Hawaii rises about 10,200 m above the Pacific Ocean floor; by this measurement, it is the world's tallest mountain -- higher than Mount Everest (8,850 m), which is recognized as the tallest mountain above sea level", "display": "highest point: Mount McKinley 6,190 m (highest point in North America)", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tsunamis; volcanoes; earthquake activity around Pacific Basin; hurricanes along the Atlantic and Gulf of America coasts; tornadoes in the Midwest and Southeast; mud slides in California; forest fires in the west; flooding; permafrost in northern Alaska is a major impediment to development | volcanism: volcanic activity in the Hawaiian Islands, Western Alaska, the Pacific Northwest, and in the Northern Mariana Islands; Mauna Loa (4,170 m) in Hawaii and Mount Rainier (4,392 m) in Washington have been deemed Decade Volcanoes by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to their explosive history and close proximity to human populations; Pavlof (2,519 m) is the most active volcano in Alaska's Aleutian Arc and poses a significant threat to intercontinental air travel; St. Helens (2,549 m), famous for the devastating 1980 eruption, remains active today; other historically active volcanoes are mostly concentrated in the Aleutian arc and Hawaii, including (in Alaska) Aniakchak, Augustine, Chiginagak, Fourpeaked, Iliamna, Katmai, Kupreanof, Martin, Novarupta, Redoubt, Spurr, Wrangell, Trident, Ugashik-Peulik, Ukinrek Maars, Veniaminof, (in Hawaii) Haleakala, Kilauea, Loihi, (in the Northern Mariana Islands) Anatahan, (in the Pacific Northwest) Mount Baker, and Mount Hood; see note 2 under \"Geography - note\"", "display": "tsunamis; volcanoes; earthquake activity around Pacific Basin; hurricanes along the Atlantic and Gulf of America coasts; tornadoes in the Midwest and Southeast; mud slides in Cali…", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1980 }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "coal, copper, lead, molybdenum, phosphates, rare earth elements, uranium, bauxite, gold, iron, mercury, nickel, potash, silver, tungsten, zinc, petroleum, natural gas, timber, arable land | note: the US has the world's largest coal reserves with 491 billion short tons accounting for 27% of the world's total", "display": "coal, copper, lead, molybdenum, phosphates, rare earth elements, uranium, bauxite, gold, iron, mercury, nickel, potash, silver, tungsten, zinc, petroleum, natural gas, timber, ara…", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "large urban clusters are spread throughout the eastern half of the US (particularly the Great Lakes area, northeast, east, and southeast) and the western-tier states; mountainous areas such as the Rocky Mountains and Appalachians, deserts in the southwest, the dense boreal forests in the extreme north, and the central prairie states are less densely populated; Alaska's population is concentrated along its southern coast, particularly around Anchorage, and Hawaii's is centered on the island of Oahu", "display": "large urban clusters are spread throughout the eastern half of the US (particularly the Great Lakes area, northeast, east, and southeast) and the western-tier states; mountainous…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 338,016,259 (2025 est.) | male: 167,543,554 | female: 170,472,705", "display": "total: 338,016,259 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 338016259.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.45% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.45% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0045000000000000005, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 83.3% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.96% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 83.3% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "English only (official) 78.2%, Spanish 13.4%, Chinese 1.1%, other 7.3% (2017 est.) | note: data represent the language spoken at home; English is the official national language as of March 2025, but English previously had official status in 32 of the 50 states; Hawaiian is an official language in the state of Hawaii, and 20 indigenous languages are official in Alaska", "display": "English only (official) 78.2%, Spanish 13.4%, Chinese 1.1%, other 7.3% (2017 est.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2017 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Protestant 46.5%, Roman Catholic 20.8%, Jewish 1.9%, Church of Jesus Christ 1.6%, other Christian 0.9%, Muslim 0.9%, Jehovah's Witness 0.8%, Buddhist 0.7%, Hindu 0.7%, other 1.8%, unaffiliated 22.8%, don't know/refused 0.6% (2014 est.)", "display": "Protestant 46.5%, Roman Catholic 20.8%, Jewish 1.9%, Church of Jesus Christ 1.6%, other Christian 0.9%, Muslim 0.9%, Jehovah's Witness 0.8%, Buddhist 0.7%, Hindu 0.7%, other 1.8%,…", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2014 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 80.9 years (2024 est.) | male: 78.7 years | female: 83.1 years", "display": "total population: 80.9 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 80.9, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 39.5 years (2025 est.) | male: 37.8 years | female: 40 years", "display": "total: 39.5 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "18.937 million New York-Newark, 12.534 million Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, 8.937 million Chicago, 6.707 million Houston, 6.574 million Dallas-Fort Worth, 5.490 million WASHINGTON, D.C. (capital) (2023)", "display": "18.937 million New York-Newark, 12.534 million Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, 8.937 million Chicago, 6.707 million Houston, 6.574 million Dallas-Fort Worth, 5.490 million WASHI…", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 16 years (2022 est.) | male: 15 years (2022 est.) | female: 17 years (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 16 years (2022 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: United States of America | conventional short form: United States | abbreviation: US or USA | etymology: the name America was first used in 1507 and is derived from the first name of Amerigo VESPUCCI (1454-1512), an Italian explorer, navigator, and cartographer; the name United States first appeared in a document subtitle during the discussions that led to the Declaration of Independence in 1776", "display": "conventional long form: United States of America", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Washington, D.C. | geographic coordinates: 38 53 N, 77 02 W | time difference: UTC-5 (during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November; note - no DST for Hawaii and most of Arizona | time zone note: the 50 United States cover six time zones | etymology: named after George WASHINGTON (1732-1799), the first president of the United States", "display": "name: Washington, D.C.", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "constitutional federal republic", "display": "constitutional federal republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "common law system based on English common law at the federal level; state legal systems based on common law, except Louisiana, where state law is based on Napoleonic civil code; judicial review of legislative acts", "display": "common law system based on English common law at the federal level; state legal systems based on common law, except Louisiana, where state law is based on Napoleonic civil code; j…", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: previous 1781 (Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union); latest drafted July - September 1787, submitted to the Congress of the Confederation 20 September 1787, submitted for states' ratification 28 September 1787, ratification completed by nine of the 13 states 21 June 1788, effective 4 March 1789 | amendment process: proposed as a \"joint resolution\" by Congress, which requires a two-thirds majority vote in both the House of Representatives and the Senate or by a constitutional convention called for by at least two thirds of the state legislatures; passage requires ratification by three fourths of the state legislatures or passage in state-held constitutional conventions as specified by Congress; the US president has no role in the constitutional amendment process", "display": "history: previous 1781 (Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union); latest drafted July - September 1787, submitted to the Congress of the Confederation 20 September 1787, sub…", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "50 states and 1 district*; Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia*, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming", "display": "50 states and 1 district*; Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia*, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, India…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), ANZUS, APEC, Arctic Council, ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS (observer), CD, CE (observer), CERN (observer), CICA (observer), CP, EAPC, EAS, EBRD, EITI (implementing country), FAO, FATF, G-5, G-7, G-8, G-10, G-20, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAFTA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS, OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club, PCA, PIF (partner), Quad, SAARC (observer), SELEC (observer), SICA (observer), SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNITAR, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOOSA, UN Security Council (permanent), UNTSO, UPU, USMCA, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC", "display": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), ANZUS, APEC, Arctic Council, ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS (observer), CD, CE (ob…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "world’s largest economy by nominal GDP; largest importer and second-largest exporter; home to leading financial exchanges and global reserve currency; high and growing public debt; inflation moderating but remains above pre-pandemic levels", "display": "world’s largest economy by nominal GDP; largest importer and second-largest exporter; home to leading financial exchanges and global reserve currency; high and growing public debt…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$25.676 trillion (2024 est.) | $24.977 trillion (2023 est.) | $24.276 trillion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$25.676 trillion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 25676.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$75,500 (2024 est.) | $74,200 (2023 est.) | $72,700 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$75,500 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 75500.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.8% (2024 est.) | 2.9% (2023 est.) | 2.5% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "2.8% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.9% (2024 est.) | 4.1% (2023 est.) | 8% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "2.9% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.028999999999999998, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "4.2% (2024 est.) | 3.7% (2023 est.) | 3.7% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "4.2% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.042, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "highly diversified, world leading, high-technology innovator, second-largest industrial output in the world; petroleum, steel, motor vehicles, aerospace, telecommunications, chemicals, electronics, food processing, consumer goods, lumber, mining", "display": "highly diversified, world leading, high-technology innovator, second-largest industrial output in the world; petroleum, steel, motor vehicles, aerospace, telecommunications, chemi…", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "maize, soybeans, milk, wheat, sugar beets, sugarcane, potatoes, chicken, pork, tomatoes (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "maize, soybeans, milk, wheat, sugar beets, sugarcane, potatoes, chicken, pork, tomatoes (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "crude petroleum, refined petroleum, natural gas, gas turbines, cars (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "crude petroleum, refined petroleum, natural gas, gas turbines, cars (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "cars, crude petroleum, broadcasting equipment, computers, garments (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "cars, crude petroleum, broadcasting equipment, computers, garments (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 93% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 93% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.93, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 131 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 38 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 131 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 131000000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 58.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | nuclear: 18.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 5.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 9.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 5.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | geothermal: 0.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 1.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 58.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "278.474 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "278.474 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "16,116 (2025)", "display": "16,116 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 666 (2024) | large: 21 | medium: 38 | small: 132 | very small: 475 | ports with oil terminals: 204 | key ports: Baltimore, Boston, Brooklyn, Buffalo, Chester, Cleveland, Detroit, Galveston, Houston, Los Angeles, Louisiana Offshore Oil Port (LOOP), Mobile, New Orleans, New York City, Norfolk, Oakland, Philadelphia, Portland, San Francisco, Seattle, Tri-City Port", "display": "total ports: 666 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 293,564.2 km (2014) | standard gauge: 293,564.2 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge", "display": "total: 293,564.2 km (2014)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2014 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 3,533 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 4, container ship 60, general cargo 96, oil tanker 68, other 3,305 | note - oceangoing self-propelled, cargo-carrying vessels of 1,000 gross tons and above", "display": "total: 3,533 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "air pollution; water pollution from runoff of pesticides and fertilizers; declining natural freshwater resources in the west; deforestation; mining; desertification; species conservation; invasive species", "display": "air pollution; water pollution from runoff of pesticides and fertilizers; declining natural freshwater resources in the west; deforestation; mining; desertification; species conse…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "4.795 billion metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 777.302 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 2.258 billion metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 1.76 billion metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "4.795 billion metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "3.069 trillion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "3.069 trillion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 58.39 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 209.7 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 176.2 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 58.39 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping-London Protocol", "display": "party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Livin…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/united-states.json" }, { "entity_id": "united-states-pacific-island-wildlife-refuges", "name": "United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges", "source_code": "UM", "source_entity_class": "dependency-or-territory", "source_region": "Oceania", "roadmap_country": null, "coverage_region": null, "roadmap_status": "additional", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 30, "published_fact_count": 16, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": null, "area_sq_km": null, "capital": null, "government_type": null, "life_expectancy_years": null, "urban_population_percent": null, "internet_users_percent": null, "electricity_access_percent": null, "gdp_per_capita_usd": null, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": null, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "All of the following US Pacific Island territories except Midway Atoll constitute the Pacific Remote Islands National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) Complex and as such are managed by the Fish and Wildlife Service of the US Department of the Interior. Midway Atoll NWR has been included in a Refuge Complex with the Hawaiian Islands NWR and also designated as part of Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument. These remote refuges are the most widespread collection of marine- and terrestrial-life protected areas on the planet under a single country's jurisdiction. They sustain many endemic species including corals, fish, shellfish, marine mammals, seabirds, water birds, land birds, insects, and vegetation not found elsewhere. | Baker Island: The US took possession of the island in 1857. US and British companies mined its guano deposits during the second half of the 19th century. In 1935, a short-lived attempt at colonization began but was disrupted by World War II, and the island was thereafter abandoned. Baker Island was declared a National Wildlife Refuge in 1974. | Howland Island: The US discovered the island early in the 19th century and officially claimed it in 1857. Both US and British companies mined guano on the island until about 1890. Earhart Light, a day beacon near the middle of the west coast, was partially destroyed during World War II but subsequently rebuilt; it is named in memory of famed aviatrix Amelia EARHART. The US Department of the Interior administers the island as a National Wildlife Refuge. | Jarvis Island: First discovered by the British in 1821, the uninhabited island was annexed by the US in 1858 but abandoned in 1879 after tons of guano deposits were removed for use in producing fertilizer. The UK annexed the island in 1889 but never carried out plans for further exploitation. The US occupied and reclaimed the island in 1935. Abandoned after World War II, the island is currently a National Wildlife Refuge administered by the US Department of the Interior. | Johnston Atoll: Both the US and the Kingdom of Hawaii annexed Johnston Atoll in 1858, but it was the US that mined the guano deposits until the late 1880s. Johnston Atoll was designated a wildlife refuge in 1926. The US Navy took over the atoll in 1934, and the US Air Force assumed control in 1948. The site was used for high-altitude nuclear tests in the 1950s and 1960s, and until 2000, the atoll was maintained as a storage and disposal site for chemical weapons. Cleanup and closure of the weapons facility ended in 2005. | Kingman Reef: The US annexed Kingman Reef in 1922. Its sheltered lagoon served as a way station for flying boats on Hawaii-to-American Samoa flights during the late 1930s. There are no terrestrial plants on the reef, which is frequently awash, but it does support abundant and diverse marine fauna and flora. In 2001, the waters surrounding the reef out to 12 nm were designated a US National Wildlife Refuge. | Midway Islands: The US took formal possession of the Midway Islands in 1867. The laying of the trans-Pacific cable, which passed through the islands, brought the first residents in 1903. Between 1935 and 1947, Midway was used as a refueling stop for trans-Pacific flights. The US naval victory over a Japanese fleet off Midway in 1942 was one of the turning points of World War II. The islands continued to serve as a naval station until 1993. Today the islands are a US National Wildlife Refuge. The refuge was open to the public from 1996 to 2002 and again from 2008 to 2012, but it is now closed. | Palmyra Atoll: The Kingdom of Hawaii claimed the atoll in 1862, and the US included it among the Hawaiian Islands when it annexed the archipelago in 1898. The Hawaii Statehood Act of 1959 did not include Palmyra Atoll, which is now partly privately owned by the Nature Conservancy and partly US Government-owned and administered as a nature preserve. The lagoons and surrounding waters within the 12-nautical-mile US territorial seas were transferred to the US Fish and Wildlife Service and were designated a National Wildlife Refuge in 2001.", "display": "All of the following US Pacific Island territories except Midway Atoll constitute the Pacific Remote Islands National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) Complex and as such are managed by the…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1935 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Oceania | Baker Island: atoll in the North Pacific Ocean 3,390 km southwest of Honolulu, about halfway between Hawaii and Australia | Howland Island: island in the North Pacific Ocean 3,360 km southwest of Honolulu, about halfway between Hawaii and Australia | Jarvis Island: island in the South Pacific Ocean 2,415 km south of Honolulu, about halfway between Hawaii and Cook Islands | Johnston Atoll: atoll in the North Pacific Ocean 1,330 km southwest of Honolulu, about one-third of the way from Hawaii to the Marshall Islands | Kingman Reef: reef in the North Pacific Ocean 1,720 km south of Honolulu, about halfway between Hawaii and American Samoa | Midway Islands: atoll in the North Pacific Ocean 2,335 km northwest of Honolulu near the end of the Hawaiian Archipelago, about one-third of the way from Honolulu to Tokyo | Palmyra Atoll: atoll in the North Pacific Ocean 1,780 km south of Honolulu, about halfway between Hawaii and American Samoa", "display": "Oceania", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Oceania", "display": "Oceania", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "land: 6,959.41 sq km (emergent land - 22.41 sq km; submerged - 6,937 sq km) | Baker Island: total - 129.1 sq km; emergent land - 2.1 sq km; submerged - 127 sq km | Howland Island: total - 138.6 sq km; emergent land - 2.6 sq km; submerged - 136 sq km | Jarvis Island: total - 152 sq km; emergent land - 5 sq km; submerged - 147 sq km | Johnston Atoll: total - 276.6 sq km; emergent land - 2.6 sq km; submerged - 274 sq km | Kingman Reef: total - 1,958.01 sq km; emergent land - 0.01 sq km; submerged - 1,958 sq km | Midway Islands: total - 2,355.2 sq km; emergent land - 6.2 sq km; submerged - 2,349 sq km | Palmyra Atoll: total - 1,949.9 sq km; emergent land - 3.9 sq km; submerged - 1,946 sq km", "display": "land: 6,959.41 sq km (emergent land - 22.41 sq km; submerged - 6,937 sq km)", "source_field": "Area", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Baker Island: 4.8 km | Howland Island: 6.4 km | Jarvis Island: 8 km | Johnston Atoll: 34 km | Kingman Reef: 3 km | Midway Islands: 15 km | Palmyra Atoll: 14.5 km", "display": "Baker Island: 4.8 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "low and nearly flat sandy coral islands with narrow fringing reefs that have developed at the top of submerged volcanic mountains, which in most cases rise steeply from the ocean floor", "display": "low and nearly flat sandy coral islands with narrow fringing reefs that have developed at the top of submerged volcanic mountains, which in most cases rise steeply from the ocean…", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Baker, Howland, and Jarvis Islands: equatorial; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun | Johnston Atoll and Kingman Reef: tropical, but generally dry; consistent northeast trade winds with little seasonal temperature variation | Midway Islands: subtropical with cool, moist winters (December to February) and warm, dry summers (May to October); moderated by prevailing easterly winds; most of the 107 cm of annual rainfall occurs during the winter | Palmyra Atoll: equatorial, hot; located within the low pressure area of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) where the northeast and southeast trade winds meet, it is extremely wet with between 400-500 cm of rainfall each year", "display": "Baker, Howland, and Jarvis Islands: equatorial; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Baker Island, unnamed location 8 m; Howland Island, unnamed location 3 m; Jarvis Island, unnamed location 7 m; Johnston Atoll, Sand Island 10 m; Kingman Reef, unnamed location 2 m; Midway Islands, unnamed location less than 13 m; Palmyra Atoll, unnamed location 3 m | lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m", "display": "highest point: Baker Island, unnamed location 8 m; Howland Island, unnamed location 3 m; Jarvis Island, unnamed location 7 m; Johnston Atoll, Sand Island 10 m; Kingman Reef, unnam…", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Baker, Howland, and Jarvis Islands: the narrow fringing reef around the island poses a maritime hazard | Kingman Reef: wet or awash most of the time; maximum elevation of less than 2 m makes the reef a maritime hazard", "display": "Baker, Howland, and Jarvis Islands: the narrow fringing reef around the island poses a maritime hazard", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "terrestrial and aquatic wildlife", "display": "terrestrial and aquatic wildlife", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "note : entry is only allowed through a Special Use Permit when the activity is deemed appropriate with purposes to the refuge establishment.", "display": "note : entry is only allowed through a Special Use Permit when the activity is deemed appropriate with purposes to the refuge establishment.", "source_field": "Population", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: none | conventional short form: Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Islands, Palmyra Atoll | etymology: self-descriptive name specifying the territories' affiliation and location", "display": "conventional long form: none", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "the laws of the US apply", "display": "the laws of the US apply", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "2 (2025)", "display": "2 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "Baker Island: no natural freshwater resources | Howland Island: no natural freshwater resources | Jarvis Island : no natural freshwater resources | Johnston Atoll: no natural freshwater resources; invasion of non-native species | Midway Islands: pollution from plastic; predominantly non-native plant species | Kingman Reef: none | Palmyra Atoll: none", "display": "Baker Island: no natural freshwater resources", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "294,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 294,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "294,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/united-states-pacific-island-wildlife-refuges.json" }, { "entity_id": "uruguay", "name": "Uruguay", "source_code": "UY", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "South America", "roadmap_country": "Uruguay", "coverage_region": "Americas", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 150, "published_fact_count": 52, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 3449444.0, "area_sq_km": 176215.0, "capital": "Montevideo", "government_type": "presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 78.9, "urban_population_percent": 95.8, "internet_users_percent": 90.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 32000.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "The Spanish founded the city of Montevideo in modern-day Uruguay in 1726 as a military stronghold, and it soon became an important commercial center due to its natural harbor. Argentina initially claimed Uruguay, but Brazil annexed the country in 1821. Uruguay declared its independence in 1825 and secured its freedom in 1828 after a three-year struggle. The administrations of President Jose BATLLE in the early 20th century launched widespread political, social, and economic reforms that established a statist tradition. A violent Marxist urban guerrilla movement named the Tupamaros (or Movimiento de Liberación Nacional-Tupamaros) launched in the late 1960s and pushed Uruguay's president to cede control of the government to the military in 1973. By year-end, the rebels had been crushed, but the military continued to expand its hold over the government. Civilian rule was restored in 1985. In 2004, the left-of-center Frente Amplio (FA) Coalition won national elections that effectively ended 170 years of political control by the Colorado and National (Blanco) parties. The left-of-center coalition retained the presidency and control of both chambers of congress until 2019. Uruguay's political and labor conditions are among the freest on the South American continent.", "display": "The Spanish founded the city of Montevideo in modern-day Uruguay in 1726 as a military stronghold, and it soon became an important commercial center due to its natural harbor. Arg…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1973 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southern South America, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Argentina and Brazil", "display": "Southern South America, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Argentina and Brazil", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "South America", "display": "South America", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 176,215 sq km | land: 175,015 sq km | water: 1,200 sq km", "display": "total : 176,215 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 176215.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "660 km", "display": "660 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly rolling plains and low hills; fertile coastal lowland", "display": "mostly rolling plains and low hills; fertile coastal lowland", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "warm temperate; freezing temperatures almost unknown", "display": "warm temperate; freezing temperatures almost unknown", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Cerro Catedral 514 m | lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m | mean elevation: 109 m", "display": "highest point: Cerro Catedral 514 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "seasonally high winds (the pampero is a chilly and occasional violent wind that blows north from the Argentine pampas), droughts, floods; because of the absence of mountains, which act as weather barriers, all locations are particularly vulnerable to rapid changes from weather fronts", "display": "seasonally high winds (the pampero is a chilly and occasional violent wind that blows north from the Argentine pampas), droughts, floods; because of the absence of mountains, whic…", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "arable land, hydropower, minor minerals, fish", "display": "arable land, hydropower, minor minerals, fish", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "most of the country's population resides in the southern half of the country; approximately 80% of the populace is urban; nearly half of the population lives in and around the capital of Montevideo", "display": "most of the country's population resides in the southern half of the country; approximately 80% of the populace is urban; nearly half of the population lives in and around the cap…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 3,449,444 (2025 est.) | male: 1,678,419 | female: 1,771,025", "display": "total: 3,449,444 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 3449444.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "-0.06% (2025 est.)", "display": "-0.06% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": -0.0006, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 95.8% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.4% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 95.8% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Spanish (official, Rioplatense is the most widely spoken dialect) | major-language sample(s): | La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Spanish (official, Rioplatense is the most widely spoken dialect)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Roman Catholic 36.5%, Protestant 5% (Evangelical (non-specific) 4.6%, Adventist 0.2%, Protestant (non-specific) 0.3%), African American Cults/Umbanda 2.8%, Jehovah's Witness 0.6%, Church of Jesus Christ 0.2%, other 1%, Believer (not belonging to the church) 1.8%, agnostic 0.3%, atheist 1.3%, none 47.3%, unspecified 3.4% | Roman Catholic 42%, Protestant 15%, other 6%, agnostic 3%, atheist 10%, unspecified 24% (2023 est.)", "display": "Roman Catholic 36.5%, Protestant 5% (Evangelical (non-specific) 4.6%, Adventist 0.2%, Protestant (non-specific) 0.3%), African American Cults/Umbanda 2.8%, Jehovah's Witness 0.6%,…", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 78.9 years (2024 est.) | male: 75.8 years | female: 82.1 years", "display": "total population: 78.9 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 78.9, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 37.4 years (2025 est.) | male: 34.9 years | female: 38.2 years", "display": "total: 37.4 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.774 million MONTEVIDEO (capital) (2023)", "display": "1.774 million MONTEVIDEO (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 98.9% (2024 est.) | male: 98.6% (2024 est.) | female: 99.2% (2024 est.)", "display": "total population: 98.9% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 18 years (2022 est.) | male: 16 years (2022 est.) | female: 19 years (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 18 years (2022 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Oriental Republic of Uruguay | conventional short form: Uruguay | local long form: República Oriental del Uruguay | local short form: Uruguay | former: Banda Oriental, Cisplatine Province | etymology: name derives from the Uruguay River, which makes up the western border of the country; the river's name comes from the Guarani words uru (bird) and guay (tail)", "display": "conventional long form: Oriental Republic of Uruguay", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Montevideo | geographic coordinates: 34 51 S, 56 10 W | time difference: UTC-3 (2 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: the origin of the name is disputed but refers to a hill or mountain ( monte ); one theory combines the Spanish word monte (mountain) with the Latin video (I see)", "display": "name: Montevideo", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "presidential republic", "display": "presidential republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law system based on the Spanish civil code", "display": "civil law system based on the Spanish civil code", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: several previous; latest approved by plebiscite 27 November 1966, effective 15 February 1967, reinstated in 1985 at the conclusion of military rule | amendment process: initiated by public petition of at least 10% of qualified voters, proposed by agreement of at least two fifths of the General Assembly membership, or by existing \"constitutional laws\" sanctioned by at least two thirds of the membership in both houses of the Assembly; proposals can also be submitted by senators, representatives, or by the executive power and require the formation of and approval in a national constituent convention; final passage by either method requires approval by absolute majority of votes cast in a referendum", "display": "history: several previous; latest approved by plebiscite 27 November 1966, effective 15 February 1967, reinstated in 1985 at the conclusion of military rule", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1966 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "19 departments ( departamentos , singular - departamento ); Artigas, Canelones, Cerro Largo, Colonia, Durazno, Flores, Florida, Lavalleja, Maldonado, Montevideo, Paysandú, Rio Negro, Rivera, Rocha, Salto, San José, Soriano, Tacuarembó, Treinta y Tres", "display": "19 departments ( departamentos , singular - departamento ); Artigas, Canelones, Cerro Largo, Colonia, Durazno, Flores, Florida, Lavalleja, Maldonado, Montevideo, Paysandú, Rio Neg…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "CAN (associate), CD, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur, MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAM (observer), OAS, OIF (observer), OPANAL, OPCW, Pacific Alliance (observer), PCA, SICA (observer), UN, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNISFA, UNMOGIP, UNOCI, 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"estimate_year": 2019 }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$108.502 billion (2024 est.) | $105.231 billion (2023 est.) | $104.456 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$108.502 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 108.502, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$32,000 (2024 est.) | $31,100 (2023 est.) | $30,800 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$32,000 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 32000.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3.1% (2024 est.) | 0.7% (2023 est.) | 4.5% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "3.1% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "4.8% (2024 est.) | 5.9% (2023 est.) | 9.1% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "4.8% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.048, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "8.5% (2024 est.) | 8.4% (2023 est.) | 7.9% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "8.5% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.085, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "food processing, electrical machinery, transportation equipment, petroleum products, textiles, chemicals, beverages", "display": "food processing, electrical machinery, transportation equipment, petroleum products, textiles, chemicals, beverages", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "milk, rice, wheat, barley, soybeans, beef, rapeseed, sugarcane, maize, beef offal (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "milk, rice, wheat, barley, soybeans, beef, rapeseed, sugarcane, maize, beef offal (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "wood pulp, beef, milk, rice, wood (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "wood pulp, beef, milk, rice, wood (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "crude petroleum, refined petroleum, cars, trucks, fertilizers (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "crude petroleum, refined petroleum, cars, trucks, fertilizers (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 90% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 90% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.9, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 1.1 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 32 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 1.1 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 1100000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 3.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 37% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 27.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 23.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "45.755 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "45.755 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "65 (2025)", "display": "65 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 8 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 1 | small: 1 | very small: 6 | ports with oil terminals: 2 | key ports: Colonia, Fray Bentos, Jose Ignacio, La Paloma, Montevideo, Nueva Palmira, Paysandu, Puerto Sauce", "display": "total ports: 8 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 1,673 km (2016) (operational; government claims overall length is 2,961 km) | standard gauge: 1,673 km (2016) 1.435-m gauge", "display": "total: 1,673 km (2016) (operational; government claims overall length is 2,961 km)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2016 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 58 (2023) | by type: container ship 1, general cargo 4, oil tanker 3, other 50", "display": "total: 58 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "water pollution from meat-packing, tannery industries; heavy metal pollution; inadequate solid and hazardous waste disposal; deforestation", "display": "water pollution from meat-packing, tannery industries; heavy metal pollution; inadequate solid and hazardous waste disposal; deforestation", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "6.896 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 39,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 6.681 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 177,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "6.896 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "172.2 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "172.2 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 424.428 million cubic meters (2022) | industrial: 603.701 million cubic meters (2022) | agricultural: 3.479 billion cubic meters (2022)", "display": "municipal: 424.428 million cubic meters (2022)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Life Conservation", "display": "party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Pari…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/uruguay.json" }, { "entity_id": "uzbekistan", "name": "Uzbekistan", "source_code": "UZ", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Asia", "roadmap_country": "Uzbekistan", "coverage_region": "Asia", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 153, "published_fact_count": 50, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 37015151.0, "area_sq_km": 447400.0, "capital": "Tashkent (Toshkent)", "government_type": "presidential republic; highly authoritarian", "life_expectancy_years": 76.2, "urban_population_percent": 50.5, "internet_users_percent": 89.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 10500.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": true }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Uzbekistan is the geographic and population center of Central Asia, with a diverse economy and a relatively young population. Russia conquered and united the disparate territories of present-day Uzbekistan in the late 19th century. Stiff resistance to the Red Army after the Bolshevik Revolution was eventually suppressed and a socialist republic established in 1924. During the Soviet era, intensive production of \"white gold\" (cotton) and grain led to the overuse of agrochemicals and the depletion of water supplies, leaving the land degraded and the Aral Sea and certain rivers half-dry. Independent since the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) dissolved in 1991, the country has diversified agricultural production while developing its mineral and petroleum export capacity and increasing its manufacturing base, although cotton remains a major part of its economy. Uzbekistan’s first president, Islom KARIMOV, led Uzbekistan for 25 years until his death in 2016. His successor, former Prime Minister Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV, has improved relations with Uzbekistan’s neighbors and introduced wide-ranging economic, judicial, and social reforms. MIRZIYOYEV was reelected in 2021 with 80% of the vote and again following a 2023 constitutional referendum with 87% of the vote.", "display": "Uzbekistan is the geographic and population center of Central Asia, with a diverse economy and a relatively young population. Russia conquered and united the disparate territories…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1924 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Central Asia, north of Turkmenistan, south of Kazakhstan", "display": "Central Asia, north of Turkmenistan, south of Kazakhstan", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Asia", "display": "Asia", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 447,400 sq km | land: 425,400 sq km | water: 22,000 sq km", "display": "total : 447,400 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 447400.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "0 km (doubly landlocked) | note: Uzbekistan includes the southern portion of the Aral Sea with a 420 km shoreline", "display": "0 km (doubly landlocked)", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes; broad, flat intensely irrigated river valleys along course of Amu Darya, Syr Darya (Sirdaryo), and Zaravshan; Fergana Valley in east surrounded by mountainous Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan; shrinking Aral Sea in west", "display": "mostly flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes; broad, flat intensely irrigated river valleys along course of Amu Darya, Syr Darya (Sirdaryo), and Zaravshan; Fergana Valley in eas…", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly mid-latitude desert, long, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid grassland in east", "display": "mostly mid-latitude desert, long, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid grassland in east", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Xazrat Sulton Tog' 4,643 m | lowest point: Sariqamish Kuli -12 m", "display": "highest point: Xazrat Sulton Tog' 4,643 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "earthquakes; floods; landslides or mudslides; avalanches; droughts", "display": "earthquakes; floods; landslides or mudslides; avalanches; droughts", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "natural gas, petroleum, coal, gold, uranium, silver, copper, lead and zinc, tungsten, molybdenum", "display": "natural gas, petroleum, coal, gold, uranium, silver, copper, lead and zinc, tungsten, molybdenum", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "most of the population is concentrated in the fertile Fergana Valley in the easternmost arm of the country; the south has significant clusters of people, but the central and western deserts are sparsely populated", "display": "most of the population is concentrated in the fertile Fergana Valley in the easternmost arm of the country; the south has significant clusters of people, but the central and weste…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 37,015,151 (2025 est.) | male: 18,576,048 | female: 18,439,103", "display": "total: 37,015,151 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 37015151.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.26% (2025 est.)", "display": "1.26% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0126, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 50.5% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 1.25% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 50.5% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Uzbek (official) 74.3%, Russian 14.2%, Tajik 4.4%, other 7.1% | major-language sample(s): | Jahon faktlari kitobi, asosiy ma'lumotlar uchun zaruriy manba. (Uzbek) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. | note: in the semi-autonomous Republic of Karakalpakstan, both the Karakalpak language and Uzbek have official status", "display": "Uzbek (official) 74.3%, Russian 14.2%, Tajik 4.4%, other 7.1%", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Muslim 88% (mostly Sunni), Eastern Orthodox 9%, other 3%", "display": "Muslim 88% (mostly Sunni), Eastern Orthodox 9%, other 3%", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 76.2 years (2024 est.) | male: 73.6 years | female: 79 years", "display": "total population: 76.2 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 76.2, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 29.2 years (2025 est.) | male: 28.1 years | female: 29.8 years", "display": "total: 29.2 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "2.603 million TASHKENT (capital) (2023)", "display": "2.603 million TASHKENT (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 100% (2022 est.) | male: 100% (2022 est.) | female: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 13 years (2024 est.) | male: 13 years (2024 est.) | female: 13 years (2024 est.)", "display": "total: 13 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Uzbekistan | conventional short form: Uzbekistan | local long form: O'zbekiston Respublikasi | local short form: O'zbekiston | former: Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic | etymology: the name comes from the local people, the Uzbeks, whose name is said to have originated with Mongol leader Ghiyath ad-Din Muhammad UZBEK; the Persian suffix - stan means \"country\"", "display": "conventional long form: Republic of Uzbekistan", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Tashkent (Toshkent) | geographic coordinates: 41 19 N, 69 15 E | time difference: UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: the current name of the ancient city was first used in the 11th century and comes from the Sogdian (Turkic) words tash ( stone) and kent (town); the city was first recorded in the 5th or 4th century B.C. with the name of Chach or Shash", "display": "name: Tashkent (Toshkent)", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "presidential republic; highly authoritarian", "display": "presidential republic; highly authoritarian", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law system | note: in 2020, the criminal code, criminal procedure code, and code of administrative responsibility were reformed; a constitutional referendum in 2023 included additional criminal code reforms", "display": "civil law system", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: several previous; latest adopted 8 December 1992 | amendment process: proposed by the Supreme Assembly or by referendum; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of both houses of the Assembly or passage in a referendum", "display": "history: several previous; latest adopted 8 December 1992", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1992 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "12 provinces ( viloyatlar , singular - viloyat ), 1 autonomous republic* ( avtonom respublikasi ), and 3 cities** ( shahar ); Andijon Viloyati, Buxoro Viloyati [Bukhara Province], Farg'ona Viloyati [Fergana Province], Jizzax Viloyati, Namangan Shahri , Namangan Viloyati , Navoiy Viloyati, Qashqadaryo Viloyati (Qarshi), Qoraqalpog'iston Respublikasi [Karakalpakstan Republic]* (Nukus), Samarqand Shahri [Samarkand City], Samarqand Viloyati [Samarkand Province], Sirdaryo Viloyati (Guliston), Surxondaryo Viloyati (Termiz), Toshkent Shahri [Tashkent City]**, Toshkent Viloyati [Nurafshon], Xorazm Viloyati (Urganch) | note: administrative divisions show the same names as their administrative centers; exceptions show the administrative center name in parentheses", "display": "12 provinces ( viloyatlar , singular - viloyat ), 1 autonomous republic* ( avtonom respublikasi ), and 3 cities** ( shahar ); Andijon Viloyati, Buxoro Viloyati [Bukhara Province],…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ADB, CICA, CIS, EAEU (observer), EAPC, EBRD, ECO, EEU (observer), FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SCO, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)", "display": "ADB, CICA, CIS, EAEU (observer), EAPC, EBRD, ECO, EEU (observer), FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "lower-middle income Central Asian economy; key exporter of natural gas, cotton, and gold; ongoing reform efforts to reduce state-owned sector dominance, attract foreign investment, and improve sustainability of cotton production", "display": "lower-middle income Central Asian economy; key exporter of natural gas, cotton, and gold; ongoing reform efforts to reduce state-owned sector dominance, attract foreign investment…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$379.989 billion (2024 est.) | $356.797 billion (2023 est.) | $335.678 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$379.989 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP 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"display": "9.6% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.096, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "4.5% (2024 est.) | 4.5% (2023 est.) | 4.5% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "4.5% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.045, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "textiles, food processing, machine building, metallurgy, mining, hydrocarbon extraction, chemicals", "display": "textiles, food processing, machine building, metallurgy, mining, hydrocarbon extraction, chemicals", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "milk, wheat, cotton, potatoes, carrots/turnips, tomatoes, grapes, watermelons, vegetables, apples (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "milk, wheat, cotton, potatoes, carrots/turnips, tomatoes, grapes, watermelons, vegetables, apples (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "gold, cotton yarn, garments, fertilizers, fabric (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "gold, cotton yarn, garments, fertilizers, fabric (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "cars, vehicle parts/accessories, packaged medicine, refined petroleum, aircraft (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "cars, vehicle parts/accessories, packaged medicine, refined petroleum, aircraft (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 89% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 89% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.89, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 10.8 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 30 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 10.8 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 10800000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 90.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 0.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 8.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 90.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "55.305 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "55.305 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "74 (2025)", "display": "74 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 4,642 km (2018) | broad gauge: 4,642 km (2018) 1.520-m gauge (1,684 km electrified)", "display": "total: 4,642 km (2018)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "growing concentrations of chemical pesticides and natural salts in the shrinking Aral Sea; desertification; water pollution and soil salination from industrial wastes and the heavy use of fertilizers and pesticides; soil contamination from buried nuclear processing and agricultural chemicals", "display": "growing concentrations of chemical pesticides and natural salts in the shrinking Aral Sea; desertification; water pollution and soil salination from industrial wastes and the heav…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "110.992 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 12.845 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 13.437 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 84.71 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "110.992 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "48.87 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "48.87 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 2.3 billion cubic meters (2022) | industrial: 1.2 billion cubic meters (2022) | agricultural: 41 billion cubic meters (2022)", "display": "municipal: 2.3 billion cubic meters (2022)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environ…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/uzbekistan.json" }, { "entity_id": "vanuatu", "name": "Vanuatu", "source_code": "VU", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Oceania", "roadmap_country": "Vanuatu", "coverage_region": "Oceania", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 131, "published_fact_count": 49, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 318007.0, "area_sq_km": 12189.0, "capital": "Port-Vila (on Efate)", "government_type": "parliamentary republic", "life_expectancy_years": 75.7, "urban_population_percent": 26.0, "internet_users_percent": 46.0, "electricity_access_percent": 70.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 3200.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Austronesian speakers from the Solomon Islands first settled Vanuatu around 2000 B.C. By around 1000, localized chieftain systems began to develop on the islands. Around 1600, Melanesian Chief ROI MATA united some of the islands of modern-day Vanuatu under his rule. In 1606, a Portuguese explorer was the first European to see Vanuatu's Banks Islands and Espiritu Santo, setting up a short-lived settlement on the latter. The next European explorers arrived in the 1760s, and the islands -- then known as the New Hebrides -- were frequented by whalers in the 1800s. European interest in harvesting the islands’ sandalwood trees caused conflict with the inhabitants. In the 1860s, European planters in Australia, Fiji, New Caledonia, and Samoa needed labor and kidnapped almost half the adult males on the islands to work as indentured servants. | With growing and overlapping interests in the islands, France and the UK agreed that the New Hebrides would be neutral in 1878 and established a joint naval commission in 1887. In 1906, the two countries created the UK-France condominium to jointly administer the islands, with separate laws, police forces, currencies, and education and health systems. The condominium arrangement was dysfunctional, and the UK used France’s initial defeat in World War II to assert greater control over the islands. During the war, the US stationed up to 50,000 soldiers in Vanuatu. In 1945, they withdrew and sold their equipment, leading to the rise of political and religious movements known as \"cargo cults,\" such as the John Frum movement. | The UK-France condominium was reestablished after World War II. The UK was interested in moving the condominium toward independence in the 1960s, but France was hesitant. Political parties agitating for independence began to form, largely divided along linguistic lines. France eventually relented, and elections were held in 1974, with independence granted to the newly named Vanuatu in 1980 under English-speaking Prime Minister Walter LINI. The Nagriamel Movement, with support from French-speaking landowners, then declared the island of Espiritu Santo independent from Vanuatu, but the short-lived state was dissolved 12 weeks later. Linguistic divisions have lessened over time, but highly fractious political parties have led to weak coalition governments that require support from both Anglophone and Francophone parties. Since 2008, prime ministers have been ousted more than a dozen times through no-confidence motions or temporary procedural issues.", "display": "Austronesian speakers from the Solomon Islands first settled Vanuatu around 2000 B.C. By around 1000, localized chieftain systems began to develop on the islands. Around 1600, Mel…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2000 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to Australia", "display": "Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to Australia", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Oceania", "display": "Oceania", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 12,189 sq km | land: 12,189 sq km | water: 0 sq km | note: includes more than 80 islands, about 65 of which are inhabited", "display": "total : 12,189 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 12189.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "2,528 km", "display": "2,528 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly mountainous islands of volcanic origin; narrow coastal plains", "display": "mostly mountainous islands of volcanic origin; narrow coastal plains", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical; moderated by southeast trade winds from May to October; moderate rainfall from November to April; may be affected by cyclones from December to April", "display": "tropical; moderated by southeast trade winds from May to October; moderate rainfall from November to April; may be affected by cyclones from December to April", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Tabwemasana 1,877 m | lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m", "display": "highest point: Tabwemasana 1,877 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical cyclones (January to April); volcanic activity; volcanism also causes minor earthquakes; tsunamis | volcanism: significant volcanic activity with multiple eruptions in recent years; Yasur (361 m), one of the world's most active volcanoes, has experienced continuous activity in recent centuries; other historically active volcanoes include Aoba, Ambrym, Epi, Gaua, Kuwae, Lopevi, Suretamatai, and Traitor's Head", "display": "tropical cyclones (January to April); volcanic activity; volcanism also causes minor earthquakes; tsunamis", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "manganese, hardwood forests, fish", "display": "manganese, hardwood forests, fish", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "three quarters of the population lives in rural areas; the urban populace lives primarily in two cities, Port-Vila and Lugenville; the three largest islands -- Espiritu Santo, Malakula, and Efate -- accommodate over half of the populace", "display": "three quarters of the population lives in rural areas; the urban populace lives primarily in two cities, Port-Vila and Lugenville; the three largest islands -- Espiritu Santo, Mal…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 318,007 (2024 est.) | male: 157,932 | female: 160,075", "display": "total: 318,007 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 318007.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.51% (2025 est.)", "display": "1.51% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0151, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 26% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 2.55% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 26% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "indigenous languages (more than 100) 82.6%, Bislama (official; creole) 14.5%, English (official) 2.1%, French (official) 0.8% (2020 est.) | note: data represent first language spoken for population aged 3 years and above", "display": "indigenous languages (more than 100) 82.6%, Bislama (official; creole) 14.5%, English (official) 2.1%, French (official) 0.8% (2020 est.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Protestant 39.9% (Presbyterian 27.2%, Seventh Day Adventist 14.8%, Anglican 12%, Churches of Christ 5%, Assemblies of God 4.9%, Neil Thomas Ministry/Inner Life Ministry 3.2%), Roman Catholic 12.1%, Apostolic 2.3%, Church of Jesus Christ 1.8%, customary beliefs (including Jon Frum cargo cult) 3.1%, other 12%, none 1.4%, unspecified 0.1% (2020 est.)", "display": "Protestant 39.9% (Presbyterian 27.2%, Seventh Day Adventist 14.8%, Anglican 12%, Churches of Christ 5%, Assemblies of God 4.9%, Neil Thomas Ministry/Inner Life Ministry 3.2%), Rom…", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 75.7 years (2024 est.) | male: 74 years | female: 77.4 years", "display": "total population: 75.7 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 75.7, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 24.9 years (2025 est.) | male: 24.1 years | female: 25 years", "display": "total: 24.9 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "53,000 PORT-VILA (capital) (2018)", "display": "53,000 PORT-VILA (capital) (2018)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 88% (2023 est.) | male: 87.7% (2023 est.) | female: 88.2% (2023 est.)", "display": "total population: 88% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Vanuatu | conventional short form: Vanuatu | local long form: Ripablik blong Vanuatu | local short form: Vanuatu | former: New Hebrides | etymology: the name means \"Our land forever\" in several of the Austronesian languages spoken on the islands; the former name, New Hebrides, was given by Captain James COOK in 1774 because he thought they looked similar to the Hebrides islands off the coast of Scotland", "display": "conventional long form: Republic of Vanuatu", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Port-Vila (on Efate) | geographic coordinates: 17 44 S, 168 19 E | time difference: UTC+11 (16 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: the local name of Vila is sometimes used alone for the the port town; its meaning is unknown", "display": "name: Port-Vila (on Efate)", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary republic", "display": "parliamentary republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "mixed system of English common law, French law, and customary law", "display": "mixed system of English common law, French law, and customary law", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: draft completed August 1979, finalized by constitution conference 19 September 1979, ratified by French and British Governments 23 October 1979, effective 30 July 1980 at independence | amendment process: proposed by the prime minister or by the Parliament membership; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by Parliament in special session with at least three fourths of the membership; passage of amendments affecting the national and official languages, or the electoral and parliamentary system also requires approval in a referendum", "display": "history: draft completed August 1979, finalized by constitution conference 19 September 1979, ratified by French and British Governments 23 October 1979, effective 30 July 1980 at…", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1979 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "6 provinces; Malampa, Penama, Sanma, Shefa, Tafea, Torba", "display": "6 provinces; Malampa, Penama, Sanma, Shefa, Tafea, Torba", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization 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"category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "fish, ships, perfume plants, wood, copra (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "fish, ships, perfume plants, wood, copra (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, ships, plastic products, poultry, trucks (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, ships, plastic products, poultry, trucks (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 46% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 46% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.46, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 4,000 (2022 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1 (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 4,000 (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 4000.0, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 70% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 97% | electrification - rural areas: 60.7%", "display": "electrification - total population: 70% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 74.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 8.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 11.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 74.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "12.934 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "12.934 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "31 (2025)", "display": "31 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 3 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 1 | very small: 2 | ports with oil terminals: 2 | key ports: Forari Bay, Luganville, Port Vila", "display": "total ports: 3 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 338 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 11, container ship 3, general cargo 101, other 223", "display": "total: 338 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "water pollution; limited potable water; inadequate sanitation; deforestation", "display": "water pollution; limited potable water; inadequate sanitation; deforestation", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "292,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 292,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "292,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "10 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "10 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertifi…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/vanuatu.json" }, { "entity_id": "venezuela", "name": "Venezuela", "source_code": "VE", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "South America", "roadmap_country": "Venezuela", "coverage_region": "Americas", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 141, "published_fact_count": 51, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 31755435.0, "area_sq_km": 912050.0, "capital": "Caracas", "government_type": "federal presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 74.5, "urban_population_percent": 88.4, "internet_users_percent": 62.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 4900.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2023, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Venezuela was one of three countries that emerged from the collapse of Gran Colombia in 1830, the others being Ecuador and New Granada (Colombia). For most of the first half of the 20th century, military strongmen ruled Venezuela and promoted the oil industry while allowing some social reforms. Democratically elected governments largely held sway until 1999, but Hugo CHAVEZ, who was president from 1999 to 2013, exercised authoritarian control over other branches of government. This trend continued in 2018 when Nicolas MADURO claimed the presidency for his second term in an election boycotted by most opposition parties and widely viewed as fraudulent. The legislative elections in 2020 were also seen as fraudulent, and most opposition parties and many international actors consider the resulting National Assembly illegitimate. In 2021, many opposition parties broke a three-year election boycott and participated in mayoral and gubernatorial elections, despite flawed conditions. As a result, the opposition more than doubled its representation at the mayoral level and retained four of 23 governorships. The 2021 regional elections marked the first time since 2006 that the EU was allowed to send an electoral observation mission to Venezuela. | MADURO has placed strong restrictions on free speech and the press. Since CHAVEZ, the ruling party has expanded the state's role in the economy through expropriations of major enterprises, strict currency exchange and price controls, and over-dependence on the petroleum industry for revenues. Years of economic mismanagement left Venezuela ill-prepared to weather the global drop in oil prices in 2014, sparking an economic decline that has resulted in reduced government social spending, shortages of basic goods, and high inflation. Worsened living conditions have prompted nearly 8 million Venezuelans to emigrate, mainly settling in nearby countries. The US imposed financial sanctions on MADURO and his representatives in 2017 and on sectors of the Venezuelan economy in 2018. Limited sanctions relief followed when the MADURO administration began making democratic and electoral concessions. | The government's mismanagement and lack of investment in infrastructure has also weakened the country's energy sector. Caracas has relaxed some controls to mitigate the impact of its sustained economic crisis, such as allowing increased import flexibility for the private sector and the informal use of US dollars and other international currencies. Ongoing concerns include human rights abuses, rampant violent crime, political manipulation of the judicial and electoral systems, and corruption.", "display": "Venezuela was one of three countries that emerged from the collapse of Gran Colombia in 1830, the others being Ecuador and New Granada (Colombia). For most of the first half of th…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1999 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Northern South America, bordering the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, between Colombia and Guyana", "display": "Northern South America, bordering the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, between Colombia and Guyana", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "South America", "display": "South America", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 912,050 sq km | land: 882,050 sq km | water: 30,000 sq km", "display": "total : 912,050 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 912050.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "2,800 km", "display": "2,800 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Andes Mountains and Maracaibo Lowlands in northwest; central plains (llanos); Guiana Highlands in southeast", "display": "Andes Mountains and Maracaibo Lowlands in northwest; central plains (llanos); Guiana Highlands in southeast", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands", "display": "tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Pico Bolivar 4,978 m | lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m | mean elevation: 450 m", "display": "highest point: Pico Bolivar 4,978 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "subject to floods, rockslides, mudslides; periodic droughts", "display": "subject to floods, rockslides, mudslides; periodic droughts", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, gold, bauxite, other minerals, hydropower, diamonds", "display": "petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, gold, bauxite, other minerals, hydropower, diamonds", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "most of the population is concentrated in the northern and western highlands along an eastern spur at the northern end of the Andes, an area that includes the capital of Caracas", "display": "most of the population is concentrated in the northern and western highlands along an eastern spur at the northern end of the Andes, an area that includes the capital of Caracas", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 31,755,435 (2025 est.) | male: 15,808,263 | female: 15,947,172", "display": "total: 31,755,435 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 31755435.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.88% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.88% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0088, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 88.4% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 1.16% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 88.4% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Spanish (official) 98.2%, indigenous 1.3%, Portuguese 0.1%, other 0.4% (2023 est.) | major-language sample(s): | La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Spanish (official) 98.2%, indigenous 1.3%, Portuguese 0.1%, other 0.4% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Roman Catholic 48.1%, Protestant 31.6% (Evangelical 31.4%, Adventist 0.2%), Jehovah's Witness 1.4%, African American/umbanda 0.7%, other 0.1%, believer 3.5%, agnostic 0.1%, atheist, 0.4%, none 13.6%, unspecified 0.6% (2023 est.)", "display": "Roman Catholic 48.1%, Protestant 31.6% (Evangelical 31.4%, Adventist 0.2%), Jehovah's Witness 1.4%, African American/umbanda 0.7%, other 0.1%, believer 3.5%, agnostic 0.1%, atheis…", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 74.5 years (2024 est.) | male: 71.5 years | female: 77.7 years", "display": "total population: 74.5 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 74.5, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 31.3 years (2025 est.) | male: 30.3 years | female: 31.7 years", "display": "total: 31.3 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "2.972 million CARACAS (capital), 2.368 million Maracaibo, 1.983 million Valencia, 1.254 million Barquisimeto, 1.243 million Maracay, 964,000 Ciudad Guayana (2023)", "display": "2.972 million CARACAS (capital), 2.368 million Maracaibo, 1.983 million Valencia, 1.254 million Barquisimeto, 1.243 million 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they named the region \"Venezuola,\" meaning \"Little Venice\"", "display": "conventional long form: Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Caracas | geographic coordinates: 10 29 N, 66 52 W | time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: named for the Caracas tribe that originally settled in the area; the origin of their name is unknown", "display": "name: Caracas", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "federal presidential republic", "display": "federal presidential republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law system based on the Spanish civil code", "display": "civil law system based on the Spanish civil code", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: many previous; latest adopted 15 December 1999, effective 30 December 1999 | amendment process: proposed through agreement by at least 39% of the National Assembly membership, by the president of the republic in session with the cabinet of ministers, or by petition of at least 15% of registered voters; passage requires simple majority vote by the Assembly and simple majority approval in a referendum", "display": "history: many previous; latest adopted 15 December 1999, effective 30 December 1999", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1999 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "23 states ( estados , singular - estado ), 1 capital district* ( distrito capital ), and 1 federal dependency** ( dependencia federal ); Amazonas, Anzoátegui, Apure, Aragua, Barinas, Bolivar, Carabobo, Cojedes, Delta Amacuro, Dependencias Federales (Federal Dependencies)**, Distrito Capital (Capital District)*, Falcon, Guárico, La Guairá, Lara, Merida, Miranda, Monagas, Nueva Esparta, Portuguesa, Sucre, Táchira, Trujillo, Yaracuy, Zulia | note: the federal dependency consists of 11 federally controlled island groups with a total of 72 individual islands", "display": "23 states ( estados , singular - estado ), 1 capital district* ( distrito capital ), and 1 federal dependency** ( dependencia federal ); Amazonas, Anzoátegui, Apure, Aragua, Barin…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null 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"agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "milk, sugarcane, maize, rice, plantains, oil palm fruit, bananas, chicken, pineapples, potatoes (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "milk, sugarcane, maize, rice, plantains, oil palm fruit, bananas, chicken, pineapples, potatoes (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "crude petroleum, petroleum coke, scrap iron, alcohols, fertilizers (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "crude petroleum, petroleum coke, scrap iron, alcohols, fertilizers (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, soybean meal, corn, plastic products, vehicle parts/accessories (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, soybean meal, corn, plastic products, vehicle parts/accessories (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 62% (2017 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 62% (2017 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.62, "estimate_year": 2017 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 2.7 million (2022 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 10 (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 2.7 million (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 2700000.0, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 21.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 78.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 21.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "54.474 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "54.474 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "509 (2025)", "display": "509 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 31 (2024) | large: 1 | medium: 2 | small: 11 | very small: 17 | ports with oil terminals: 21 | key ports: Amuay (Bahia de Amuay), Bahia de Pertigalete, Ciudad Bolivar, Guanta, La Guaira, La Salina, Las Piedras, Maracaibo, Puerto Cabello, Puerto de Hierro, Puerto la Cruz, Puerto Miranda, Puerto Ordaz, Punta Cardon", "display": "total ports: 31 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 447 km (2014) | standard gauge: 447 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge (41.4 km electrified)", "display": "total: 447 km (2014)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2014 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 272 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 3, container ship 1, general cargo 26, oil tanker 17, other 225", "display": "total: 272 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "sewage pollution of Lago de Valencia; oil and urban pollution of Lago de Maracaibo; deforestation; soil degradation; urban and industrial pollution, especially along the Caribbean coast; threat to the rainforest ecosystem from mining operations", "display": "sewage pollution of Lago de Valencia; oil and urban pollution of Lago de Maracaibo; deforestation; soil degradation; urban and industrial pollution, especially along the Caribbean…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "76.73 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 179,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 27.928 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 48.623 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "76.73 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "1.325 trillion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "1.325 trillion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 5.123 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 793.3 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 16.71 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 5.123 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/venezuela.json" }, { "entity_id": "vietnam", "name": "Vietnam", "source_code": "VN", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Southeast Asia", "roadmap_country": "Vietnam", "coverage_region": "Asia", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 151, "published_fact_count": 52, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 106688169.0, "area_sq_km": 331210.0, "capital": "Hanoi (Ha Noi)", "government_type": "communist party-led state", "life_expectancy_years": 76.1, "urban_population_percent": 39.5, "internet_users_percent": 78.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 14400.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Vietnam's early history included periods of occupation by outside forces and eventual power consolidation under Vietnamese dynastic families. A succession of Han Chinese emperors ruled the area, which was centered on the Red River Valley, until approximately the 10 th century. The Ly Dynasty (11 th -13 th century) created the first independent Vietnamese state, which was known as Dai Viet, and established their capital at Thang Long (Hanoi). Under the Tran Dynasty (13 th -15 th century), TRAN Hung Dao, one of Vietnam’s national heroes, led Dai Viet forces to fight off Mongol invaders in 1279. After a brief Chinese occupation in the early 1400s, Vietnamese resistance leader LE Thai To made himself emperor and established the Le Dynasty, which lasted until the late 18 th century despite decades of political turmoil, civil war, and division. During this period, Dai Viet expanded southward to the Central Highlands and Mekong Delta, reaching the approximate boundaries of modern-day Vietnam by the 1750s. Dai Viet suffered additional civil war and division in the latter half of the 18 th century, but it was reunited and renamed Vietnam under Emperor NGUYEN Phuc Anh (aka Gia Long) in 1802. | France began its conquest of Vietnam in 1858 and made Vietnam part of French Indochina in 1887. Vietnam declared independence after World War II, but the French continued to rule until communist forces under Ho Chi MINH defeated them in 1954. Under the Geneva Accords of 1954, Vietnam was divided into the communist North and anti-communist South. Fighting erupted between the two governments shortly afterwards with the North supporting communist rebels in the South and eventually committing thousands of combat troops. The US provided to the South significant economic and military assistance, including large numbers of US military forces, which reached a peak strength of over 500,000 troops in 1968. US combat forces were withdrawn following a cease-fire agreement in 1973. Two years later, North Vietnamese forces overran the South, reuniting the country under communist rule. The conflict, known as the Second Indochina War (1955-1975), devastated Vietnam, spilled over into the neighboring countries of Cambodia and Laos, and is estimated to have resulted in the deaths of up to 3 million Vietnamese civilians and soldiers. It also caused more than 58,000 US combat and non-combat deaths and created deep domestic divisions in the US. | Despite the return of peace, the country experienced little economic growth for over a decade because of its diplomatic isolation, leadership policies, and the persecution and mass exodus of citizens, many of them successful South Vietnamese merchants. However, since the enactment of Vietnam's \"doi moi\" (renovation) policy in 1986, the economy has seen strong growth, particularly in agricultural and industrial production, construction, exports, foreign investment, and tourism. Nevertheless, the Communist Party maintains tight political and social control of the country, and Vietnam faces many related challenges, such as rising income inequality and corruption.", "display": "Vietnam's early history included periods of occupation by outside forces and eventual power consolidation under Vietnamese dynastic families. A succession of Han Chinese emperors…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1954 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, Gulf of Tonkin, and South China Sea, as well as China, Laos, and Cambodia", "display": "Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, Gulf of Tonkin, and South China Sea, as well as China, Laos, and Cambodia", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southeast Asia", "display": "Southeast Asia", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 331,210 sq km | land: 310,070 sq km | water: 21,140 sq km", "display": "total : 331,210 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 331210.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "3,444 km (excludes islands)", "display": "3,444 km (excludes islands)", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "low, flat delta in south and north; central highlands; hilly, mountainous in far north and northwest", "display": "low, flat delta in south and north; central highlands; hilly, mountainous in far north and northwest", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical in south; monsoonal in north with hot, rainy season (May to September) and warm, dry season (October to March)", "display": "tropical in south; monsoonal in north with hot, rainy season (May to September) and warm, dry season (October to March)", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Fan Si Pan 3,144 m | lowest point: South China Sea 0 m | mean elevation: 398 m", "display": "highest point: Fan Si Pan 3,144 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "occasional typhoons (May to January) with extensive flooding, especially in the Mekong River delta", "display": "occasional typhoons (May to January) with extensive flooding, especially in the Mekong River delta", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "antimony, phosphates, coal, manganese, rare earth elements, bauxite, chromate, offshore oil and gas deposits, timber, hydropower, arable land", "display": "antimony, phosphates, coal, manganese, rare earth elements, bauxite, chromate, offshore oil and gas deposits, timber, hydropower, arable land", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "though it has one of the highest population densities in the world, the population is not evenly dispersed; clustering is heaviest along the South China Sea and Gulf of Tonkin, with the Mekong Delta (in the south) and the Red River Valley (in the north) having the largest concentrations of people", "display": "though it has one of the highest population densities in the world, the population is not evenly dispersed; clustering is heaviest along the South China Sea and Gulf of Tonkin, wi…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 106,688,169 (2025 est.) | male: 53,597,784 | female: 53,090,385", "display": "total: 106,688,169 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 106688169.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.86% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.86% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0086, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 39.5% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 2.7% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 39.5% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Vietnamese (official); English (often as a second language); some French, Chinese, and Khmer; mountain-area languages (including Mon-Khmer and Malayo-Polynesian) | major-language sample(s): | Dữ kiện thế giới, là nguồn thông tin cơ bản không thể thiếu. (Vietnamese) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.", "display": "Vietnamese (official); English (often as a second language); some French, Chinese, and Khmer; mountain-area languages (including Mon-Khmer and Malayo-Polynesian)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Catholic 6.1%, Buddhist 5.8%, Protestant 1%, other 0.8%, none 86.3% (2019 est.) | note: most Vietnamese are culturally Buddhist", "display": "Catholic 6.1%, Buddhist 5.8%, Protestant 1%, other 0.8%, none 86.3% (2019 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2019 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 76.1 years (2024 est.) | male: 73.5 years | female: 78.9 years", "display": "total population: 76.1 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 76.1, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 33.5 years (2025 est.) | male: 32 years | female: 34.2 years", "display": "total: 33.5 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "9.321 million Ho Chi Minh City, 5.253 million HANOI (capital), 1.865 million Can Tho, 1.423 million Hai Phong, 1.221 million Da Nang, 1.111 million Bien Hoa (2023)", "display": "9.321 million Ho Chi Minh City, 5.253 million HANOI (capital), 1.865 million Can Tho, 1.423 million Hai Phong, 1.221 million Da Nang, 1.111 million Bien Hoa (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 96.1% (2022 est.) | male: 97.2% (2022 est.) | female: 95.1% (2022 est.)", "display": "total population: 96.1% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "school_life_expectancy": { "id": "school_life_expectancy", "label": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 14 years (2022 est.) | male: 15 years (2022 est.) | female: 14 years (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 14 years (2022 est.)", "source_field": "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Socialist Republic of Vietnam | conventional short form: Vietnam | local long form: Cong Hoa Xa Hoi Chu Nghia Viet Nam | local short form: Viet Nam | former: Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam), Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) | abbreviation: SRV | etymology: the name translates as \"Viet south;\" Viet is an ethnic term of unknown origin that dates back to ancient times, and nam (south) refers to the country's location", "display": "conventional long form: Socialist Republic of Vietnam", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Hanoi (Ha Noi) | geographic coordinates: 21 02 N, 105 51 E | time difference: UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: the name means \"inside the river,\" from the Vietnamese words ha (river) and noi (inside), and refers to its location in a bend of the Red River", "display": "name: Hanoi (Ha Noi)", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "communist party-led state", "display": "communist party-led state", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "civil law system with European influences", "display": "civil law system with European influences", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: several previous; latest adopted 28 November 2013, effective 1 January 2014 | amendment process: proposed by the president, by the National Assembly’s Standing Committee, or by at least two thirds of the National Assembly membership; a decision to draft an amendment requires approval by at least a two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly membership, followed by the formation of a constitutional drafting committee to write a draft and collect citizens’ opinions; passage requires at least two-thirds majority of the Assembly membership; the Assembly can opt to conduct a referendum", "display": "history: several previous; latest adopted 28 November 2013, effective 1 January 2014", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2013 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "58 provinces ( tinh , singular and plural) and 5 municipalities ( thanh pho , singular and plural) | provinces: An Giang, Bac Giang, Bac Kan, Bac Lieu, Bac Ninh, Ba Ria-Vung Tau, Ben Tre, Binh Dinh, Binh Duong, Binh Phuoc, Binh Thuan, Ca Mau, Cao Bang, Dak Lak, Dak Nong, Dien Bien, Dong Nai, Dong Thap, Gia Lai, Ha Giang, Ha Nam, Ha Tinh, Hai Duong, Hau Giang, Hoa Binh, Hung Yen, Khanh Hoa, Kien Giang, Kon Tum, Lai Chau, Lam Dong, Lang Son, Lao Cai, Long An, Nam Dinh, Nghe An, Ninh Binh, Ninh Thuan, Phu Tho, Phu Yen, Quang Binh, Quang Nam, Quang Ngai, Quang Ninh, Quang Tri, Soc Trang, Son La, Tay Ninh, Thai Binh, Thai Nguyen, Thanh Hoa, Thua Thien-Hue, Tien Giang, Tra Vinh, Tuyen Quang, Vinh Long, Vinh Phuc, Yen Bai | municipalities: Can Tho, Da Nang, Ha Noi (Hanoi), Hai Phong, Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon)", "display": "58 provinces ( tinh , singular and plural) and 5 municipalities ( thanh pho , singular and plural)", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ADB, APEC, ARF, ASEAN, CICA, CP, EAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (2024)", "display": "ADB, APEC, ARF, ASEAN, CICA, CP, EAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "lower middle-income socialist East Asian economy; rapid economic growth since Đổi Mới reforms; strong investment and productivity growth; tourism and manufacturing hub; TPP signatory; declining poverty aside from ethnic minorities; systemic corruption", "display": "lower middle-income socialist East Asian economy; rapid economic growth since Đổi Mới reforms; strong investment and productivity growth; tourism and manufacturing hub; TPP signat…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$1.456 trillion (2024 est.) | $1.359 trillion (2023 est.) | $1.294 trillion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$1.456 trillion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 1456.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$14,400 (2024 est.) | $13,500 (2023 est.) | $13,000 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$14,400 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 14400.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "7.1% (2024 est.) | 5.1% (2023 est.) | 8.5% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "7.1% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3.6% (2024 est.) | 3.3% (2023 est.) | 3.2% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "3.6% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.036000000000000004, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "1.5% (2024 est.) | 1.7% (2023 est.) | 1.6% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "1.5% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.015, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "food processing, garments, shoes, machine-building; mining, coal, steel; cement, chemical fertilizer, glass, tires, oil, mobile phones", "display": "food processing, garments, shoes, machine-building; mining, coal, steel; cement, chemical fertilizer, glass, tires, oil, mobile phones", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "rice, vegetables, sugarcane, cassava, maize, pork, fruits, bananas, coconuts, coffee (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "rice, vegetables, sugarcane, cassava, maize, pork, fruits, bananas, coconuts, coffee (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "broadcasting equipment, garments, integrated circuits, machine parts, footwear (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "broadcasting equipment, garments, integrated circuits, machine parts, footwear (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "integrated circuits, broadcasting equipment, fabric, plastics, telephones (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "integrated circuits, broadcasting equipment, fabric, plastics, telephones (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 78% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 78% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.78, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 22.8 million (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 23 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 22.8 million (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 22800000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 50.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 9.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 4.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 34.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 1.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 50.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "40.263 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "40.263 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "36 (2025)", "display": "36 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 16 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 1 | small: 6 | very small: 9 | ports with oil terminals: 12 | key ports: Da Nang, Hai Phong, Nghe Tinh, Nha Trang, Thanh Ho Chi Minh, Vinh Cam Ranh, Vung Tau", "display": "total ports: 16 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 2,600 km (2014) | standard gauge: 178 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge; 253 km mixed gauge | narrow gauge: 2,169 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge", "display": "total: 2,600 km (2014)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2014 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 1,973 (2022) | by type: bulk carrier 117, container ship 45, general cargo 1,176, oil tanker 134, other 501", "display": "total: 1,973 (2022)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "deforestation and soil degradation from logging and slash-and-burn agriculture; water pollution; overfishing; groundwater contamination limits potable water supply; air pollution", "display": "deforestation and soil degradation from logging and slash-and-burn agriculture; water pollution; overfishing; groundwater contamination limits potable water supply; air pollution", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "305.404 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 218.502 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 72.383 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 14.52 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "305.404 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "884.12 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "884.12 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 1.206 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 3.074 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 77.75 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 1.206 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environ…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/vietnam.json" }, { "entity_id": "virgin-islands", "name": "Virgin Islands", "source_code": "VI", "source_entity_class": "dependency-or-territory", "source_region": "Central America and the Caribbean", "roadmap_country": null, "coverage_region": null, "roadmap_status": "additional", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 102, "published_fact_count": 44, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 103792.0, "area_sq_km": 1910.0, "capital": "Charlotte Amalie", "government_type": "unincorporated organized territory of the US with local self-government; republican form of territorial government with separate executive, legislative, and judicial branches", "life_expectancy_years": 80.7, "urban_population_percent": 96.2, "internet_users_percent": 64.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 46500.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2022, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "The Danes secured control over the southern Virgin Islands of Saint Thomas, Saint John, and Saint Croix during the 17th and early 18th centuries. Sugarcane, produced by African slave labor, drove the islands' economy during the 18th and early 19th centuries. In 1917, the US purchased the Danish holdings, which had been in economic decline since the abolition of slavery in 1848. In 2017, Hurricane Irma passed over the northern Virgin Islands of Saint Thomas and Saint John and inflicted severe damage to structures, roads, the airport on Saint Thomas, communications, and electricity. Less than two weeks later, Hurricane Maria passed over the island of Saint Croix in the southern Virgin Islands, inflicting considerable damage with heavy winds and flooding rains.", "display": "The Danes secured control over the southern Virgin Islands of Saint Thomas, Saint John, and Saint Croix during the 17th and early 18th centuries. Sugarcane, produced by African sl…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1917 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east of Puerto Rico", "display": "Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east of Puerto Rico", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Central America and the Caribbean", "display": "Central America and the Caribbean", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 1,910 sq km | land: 346 sq km | water: 1,564 sq km", "display": "total : 1,910 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 1910.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "188 km", "display": "188 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly hilly to rugged and mountainous with little flat land", "display": "mostly hilly to rugged and mountainous with little flat land", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "subtropical, tempered by easterly trade winds, relatively low humidity, little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season September to November", "display": "subtropical, tempered by easterly trade winds, relatively low humidity, little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season September to November", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Crown Mountain 474 m | lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m", "display": "highest point: Crown Mountain 474 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "several hurricanes in recent years; frequent and severe droughts and floods; occasional earthquakes", "display": "several hurricanes in recent years; frequent and severe droughts and floods; occasional earthquakes", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "pleasant climate, beaches foster tourism", "display": "pleasant climate, beaches foster tourism", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "overall population density throughout the islands is relatively low, but concentrations appear around Charlotte Amalie on St. Thomas and Christiansted on St. Croix", "display": "overall population density throughout the islands is relatively low, but concentrations appear around Charlotte Amalie on St. Thomas and Christiansted on St. Croix", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 103,792 (2025 est.) | male: 49,195 | female: 54,597", "display": "total: 103,792 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 103792.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "-0.58% (2025 est.)", "display": "-0.58% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": -0.0058, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 96.2% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: -0.11% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 96.2% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "English 71.6%, Spanish or Spanish Creole 17.2%, French or French Creole 8.6%, other 2.5% (2010 est.)", "display": "English 71.6%, Spanish or Spanish Creole 17.2%, French or French Creole 8.6%, other 2.5% (2010 est.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2010 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Protestant 65.5%, Roman Catholic 27.1%, other Christians 2.2%, other 1.5%, none 3.7% (2010 est.)", "display": "Protestant 65.5%, Roman Catholic 27.1%, other Christians 2.2%, other 1.5%, none 3.7% (2010 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2010 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 80.7 years (2024 est.) | male: 77.6 years | female: 84.1 years", "display": "total population: 80.7 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 80.7, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 43.4 years (2025 est.) | male: 42.1 years | female: 43.9 years", "display": "total: 43.4 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "52,000 CHARLOTTE AMALIE (capital) (2018)", "display": "52,000 CHARLOTTE AMALIE (capital) (2018)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: none | conventional short form: Virgin Islands | former: Danish West Indies | abbreviation: VI | etymology: in 1493, the islets, cays, and rocks around the major islands in the chain reminded explorer Christopher COLUMBUS of Saint Ursula and her 11,000 virgin followers (Santa Ursula y las Once Mil Virgenes), which over time was shortened to the Virgins (las Virgenes)", "display": "conventional long form: none", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Charlotte Amalie | geographic coordinates: 18 21 N, 64 56 W | time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: named in honor of Danish King CHRISTIAN V’s wife, Charlotte AMALIE of Hesse-Kassel, after the colony was established in 1672", "display": "name: Charlotte Amalie", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "unincorporated organized territory of the US with local self-government; republican form of territorial government with separate executive, legislative, and judicial branches", "display": "unincorporated organized territory of the US with local self-government; republican form of territorial government with separate executive, legislative, and judicial branches", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "US common law", "display": "US common law", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: 22 July 1954 - the Revised Organic Act of the Virgin Islands functions as a constitution for this US territory", "display": "history: 22 July 1954 - the Revised Organic Act of the Virgin Islands functions as a constitution for this US territory", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1954 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US government, but 3 islands are considered second-order: Saint Croix, Saint John, Saint Thomas", "display": "no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US government, but 3 islands are considered second-order: Saint Croix, Saint John, Saint Thomas", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "AOSIS (observer), Interpol (subbureau), IOC, UPU, WFTU (NGOs)", "display": "AOSIS (observer), Interpol (subbureau), IOC, UPU, WFTU (NGOs)", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "high-income, tourism-based American territorial economy; severe COVID-19 economic disruptions; major rum distillery; high public debt; sluggish reopening of large oil refinery; environmentally susceptible to hurricanes; many informal industries", "display": "high-income, tourism-based American territorial economy; severe COVID-19 economic disruptions; major rum distillery; high public debt; sluggish reopening of large oil refinery; en…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$4.9 billion (2022 est.) | $4.965 billion (2021 est.) | $4.789 billion (2020 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$4.9 billion (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 4.9, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$46,500 (2022 est.) | $46,900 (2021 est.) | $45,100 (2020 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$46,500 (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 46500.0, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "-1.3% (2022 est.) | 3.7% (2021 est.) | -1.6% (2020 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "-1.3% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "12.1% (2024 est.) | 12.4% (2023 est.) | 13.1% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "12.1% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.121, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "tourism, watch assembly, rum distilling, construction, pharmaceuticals, electronics", "display": "tourism, watch assembly, rum distilling, construction, pharmaceuticals, electronics", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "fruit, vegetables, sorghum; Senepol cattle", "display": "fruit, vegetables, sorghum; Senepol cattle", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, jewelry, recreational boats, watches, rum (2019) | top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, jewelry, recreational boats, watches, rum (2019)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2019 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, crude petroleum, rubber piping, jewelry, beer (2019)", "display": "refined petroleum, crude petroleum, rubber piping, jewelry, beer (2019)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2019 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 64% (2017 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 64% (2017 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.64, "estimate_year": 2017 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 9,000 (2022 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 10 (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 9,000 (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 9000.0, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 97.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 2.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 97.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "2 (2025)", "display": "2 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 6 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 3 | very small: 3 | ports with oil terminals: 3 | key ports: Charlotte Amalie, Christiansted, Cruz Bay, Frederiksted, Limetree Bay, Port Alucroix", "display": "total ports: 6 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 2 (2023) | by type: general cargo 1, other 1", "display": "total: 2 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "lack of natural freshwater resources; protection of coral reefs; solid waste management; coastal development; increased boating and overfishing", "display": "lack of natural freshwater resources; protection of coral reefs; solid waste management; coastal development; increased boating and overfishing", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "2.378 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 2.378 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "2.378 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/virgin-islands.json" }, { "entity_id": "wake-island", "name": "Wake Island", "source_code": "UM", "source_entity_class": "dependency-or-territory", "source_region": "Oceania", "roadmap_country": null, "coverage_region": null, "roadmap_status": "additional", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 34, "published_fact_count": 18, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": null, "area_sq_km": 7.0, "capital": null, "government_type": null, "life_expectancy_years": null, "urban_population_percent": null, "internet_users_percent": null, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": null, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": null, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Early Micronesian and Polynesian settlers probably visited Wake Island, and oral legends tell of periodic voyages to the islands by people from the Marshall Islands. Wake Island was uninhabited when Spanish explorer Alvaro de Mendana de NEYRA became the first European to see it in 1568 and still had no inhabitants when English captain Samuel WAKE sailed by it in 1796. The United States Exploring Expedition visited the island in 1841, and the US annexed it in 1899 to use as a cable and refueling station for its newly acquired Pacific territories of Hawaii, the Philippines, and Guam. In the 1930s, Pan American Airways built facilities on Wake Island so that it could be used as a stopover for flights from the US to China. In 1941, the US began to install military assets on Wake Island, and Japan then captured the island and held it until the end of World War II. In 1946, commercial airlines resumed using Wake Island as a refueling stop. | In 1973, the Marshall Islands claimed Wake Island, based on the oral legends, although the US has not recognized these claims. In 1974, the US military took exclusive control of the island’s airstrip and restricted visitors. In 1978, Bikini Islanders from the Marshall Islands, who were evacuated in the 1950s and 1960s because of US nuclear tests, considered rehoming on Wake Island, but the US military rejected that plan. Since the 1970s, the island has been important for missile defense testing. In 2009, Wake Island was included in the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument.", "display": "Early Micronesian and Polynesian settlers probably visited Wake Island, and oral legends tell of periodic voyages to the islands by people from the Marshall Islands. Wake Island w…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1941 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Oceania, atoll in the North Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to the Northern Mariana Islands", "display": "Oceania, atoll in the North Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to the Northern Mariana Islands", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Oceania", "display": "Oceania", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 7 sq km | land: 6.5 sq km | water: 0 sq km", "display": "total : 7 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 7.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "19.3 km", "display": "19.3 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "atoll of three low coral islands, Peale, Wake, and Wilkes, built up on an underwater volcano; central lagoon is former crater, islands are part of the rim", "display": "atoll of three low coral islands, Peale, Wake, and Wilkes, built up on an underwater volcano; central lagoon is former crater, islands are part of the rim", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical", "display": "tropical", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: unnamed location 8 m | lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m", "display": "highest point: unnamed location 8 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "subject to occasional typhoons", "display": "subject to occasional typhoons", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "none", "display": "none", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: no permanent inhabitants | note: personnel maintain and operate the airfield and weather station", "display": "total: no permanent inhabitants", "source_field": "Population", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: none | conventional short form: Wake Island | etymology: the name comes from one of two explorers who sighted the islands in the late 1700s; British Captain William WAKE visited in 1792, as did his relative, British Captain Samuel WAKE, in 1796, and sources disagree on which captain claimed the honor of naming the island", "display": "conventional long form: none", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "US common law", "display": "US common law", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2021)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2021)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "1 (2025)", "display": "1 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 1 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 0 | small: 0 | very small: 1 | ports with oil terminals: 1 | key ports: Wake Island", "display": "total ports: 1 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "limited potable water; hazardous waste disposal", "display": "limited potable water; hazardous waste disposal", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "1.214 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 1.214 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "1.214 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/wake-island.json" }, { "entity_id": "wallis-and-futuna", "name": "Wallis and Futuna", "source_code": "WF", "source_entity_class": "dependency-or-territory", "source_region": "Oceania", "roadmap_country": null, "coverage_region": null, "roadmap_status": "additional", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 84, "published_fact_count": 36, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 15998.0, "area_sq_km": 142.0, "capital": "Mata-Utu (on Ile Uvea)", "government_type": "parliamentary democracy (Territorial Assembly); overseas collectivity of France", "life_expectancy_years": 81.1, "urban_population_percent": 0.0, "internet_users_percent": 45.8, "electricity_access_percent": null, "gdp_per_capita_usd": null, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": null, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Around 800 B.C., the first settlers arrived on the islands of Wallis and Futuna, which are a natural midpoint between Fiji and Samoa. Around A.D. 1500, Tongans invaded Wallis, and a chiefdom system resembling Tonga’s formal hierarchy developed on the island. Tongans attempted to settle Futuna but were repeatedly rebuffed. Samoans settled Futuna in the 1600s, and a slightly less centralized chiefdom system formed. Dutch explorers were the first Europeans to see the islands in 1616, followed intermittently by other Europeans, including British explorer Samuel WALLIS in 1767. French Catholic missionaries were the first Europeans to permanently settle Wallis and Futuna in 1837, and they converted most of the population of both islands by 1846. The missionaries and newly converted King LAVELUA of Uvea on Wallis asked France for a protectorate in 1842 following a local rebellion. France agreed, although the protectorate status would not be ratified until 1887. In 1888, King MUSULAMU of Alo and King TAMOLE of Sigave, both on Futuna, signed a treaty establishing a French protectorate; the Wallis and Futuna protectorate was integrated into the territory of New Caledonia the same year. France renegotiated the terms of the protectorate with the territory’s three kings in 1910, expanding French authority. | Wallis and Futuna was the only French colony to side with the Vichy regime during World War II, until the arrival of Free French and US troops in 1942. In 1959, inhabitants of the islands voted to separate from New Caledonia, becoming a French overseas territory in 1961. Despite the split, a significant Wallisian and Futunan community still lives in New Caledonia. In 2003, Wallis and Futuna became a French overseas collectivity. The islands joined the Pacific Islands Forum as an associate member in 2018, two years after France’s other Pacific territories became full members of the organization.", "display": "Around 800 B.C., the first settlers arrived on the islands of Wallis and Futuna, which are a natural midpoint between Fiji and Samoa. Around A.D. 1500, Tongans invaded Wallis, and…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1910 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand", "display": "Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Oceania", "display": "Oceania", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 142 sq km | land: 142 sq km | water: 0 sq km | note: includes Ile Uvea (Wallis Island), Ile Futuna (Futuna Island), Ile Alofi, and 20 islets", "display": "total : 142 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 142.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "129 km", "display": "129 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "volcanic origin; 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Inhabited since at least the 15th century B.C., the area currently known as the West Bank has been dominated by a suc cession of different powers . In the early 16th century , it was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire. The West Bank fell to British forces during World War I, becoming part of the British Mandate of Palestine. After the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, Transjordan (later renamed Jordan) captured the West Bank and annexed it in 1950; Israel then captured it in the Six-Day War in 1967. 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the designation was retained after the 1967 Six-Day War and subsequent changes in administration", "display": "conventional long form: none", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1948 }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$20.339 billion (2024 est.) | $27.694 billion (2023 est.) | $29.016 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars; entry includes West Bank and Gaza Strip", "display": "$20.339 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 20.339, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$3,800 (2024 est.) | $5,400 (2023 est.) | $5,800 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars; entry includes West Bank and Gaza Strip", "display": "$3,800 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 3800.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "-26.6% (2024 est.) | -4.6% (2023 est.) | 4.1% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency; entry includes West Bank and Gaza Strip", "display": "-26.6% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "53.7% (2024 est.) | 5.9% (2023 est.) | 3.7% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices; entry includes West Bank and Gaza Strip", "display": "53.7% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.537, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "24.5% (2022 est.) | 26.4% (2021 est.) | 25.9% (2020 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment; entry includes West Bank and Gaza Strip", "display": "24.5% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.245, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "small-scale manufacturing, quarrying, textiles, soap, olive-wood carvings, and mother-of-pearl souvenirs", "display": "small-scale manufacturing, quarrying, textiles, soap, olive-wood carvings, and mother-of-pearl souvenirs", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "tomatoes, cucumbers, olives, poultry, milk, potatoes, sheep milk, eggplants, gourds", "display": "tomatoes, cucumbers, olives, poultry, milk, potatoes, sheep milk, eggplants, gourds", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "scrap iron, tropical fruits, olive oil, building stone, prepared meat (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars; entry includes the West Bank and the Gaza Strip", "display": "scrap iron, tropical fruits, olive oil, building stone, prepared meat (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "cement, raw sugar, cars, baked goods, perfumes (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars; entry includes the West Bank and the Gaza Strip", "display": "cement, raw sugar, cars, baked goods, perfumes (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 87% (2023 est.) | note: includes the Gaza Strip", "display": "percent of population: 87% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.87, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 431,000 (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 8 (2023 est.) | note: includes the Gaza Strip", "display": "total: 431,000 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 431000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.) | note: includes the West Bank and the Gaza Strip", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 66.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 33.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | note: includes the West Bank and the Gaza Strip", "display": "fossil fuels: 66.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "14.991 million Btu/person (2023 est.) | note: includes the West Bank and the Gaza Strip", "display": "14.991 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "1 (2025)", "display": "1 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "adequacy of freshwater supply; sewage treatment", "display": "adequacy of freshwater supply; sewage treatment", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "3.913 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 3.913 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | note: includes the West Bank and the Gaza Strip", "display": "3.913 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "837 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | note: data represent combined total from the Gaza Strip and the West Bank.", "display": "837 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 251 million cubic meters (2022) | industrial: 37 million cubic meters (2022) | agricultural: 158 million cubic meters (2022) | note: data represent combined total from the Gaza Strip and the West Bank.", "display": "municipal: 251 million cubic meters (2022)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/west-bank.json" }, { "entity_id": "world", "name": "World", "source_code": "XX", "source_entity_class": "global-or-ocean", "source_region": null, "roadmap_country": null, "coverage_region": null, "roadmap_status": "additional", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 103, "published_fact_count": 39, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 8057236243.0, "area_sq_km": null, "capital": null, "government_type": null, "life_expectancy_years": 70.5, "urban_population_percent": 57.5, "internet_users_percent": 74.0, "electricity_access_percent": 91.4, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 21300.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Globally, the 20th century was marked by: (a) two devastating World Wars; (b) the Great Depression of the 1930s; (c) the end of vast colonial empires; (d) rapid advances in science and technology; (e) the Cold War between the Western alliance and the Warsaw Pact nations; (f) a sharp rise in living standards in North America, Europe, and Japan; (g) increased concerns about environmental degradation including deforestation, energy and water shortages, declining biological diversity, and air pollution; and (h) the ultimate emergence of the US as the only world superpower. The planet's population continues to expand at a fast rate: from 1 billion in 1820 to 2 billion in 1930, 3 billion in 1960, 4 billion in 1974, 5 billion in 1987, 6 billion in 1999, 7 billion in 2012, and 8 billion in 2022. For the 21st century, the continued exponential growth in science and technology raises both hopes (e.g., advances in medicine and agriculture) and fears (e.g., development of even more lethal weapons of war).", "display": "Globally, the 20th century was marked by: (a) two devastating World Wars; (b) the Great Depression of the 1930s; (c) the end of vast colonial empires; (d) rapid advances in scienc…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1930 }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 510.072 million sq km | land: 148.94 million sq km | water: 361,899,999 sq km | note: 70.9% of the world's surface is water, 29.1% is land", "display": "total : 510.072 million sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "356,000 km | note: 95 nations and other entities are islands that border no other countries: American Samoa, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Ashmore and Cartier Islands, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Baker Island, Barbados, Bermuda, Bouvet Island, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands, Cabo Verde, Cayman Islands, Christmas Island, Clipperton Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Comoros, Cook Islands, Coral Sea Islands, Cuba, Curacao, Cyprus, Dominica, Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), Faroe Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, French Southern and Antarctic Lands, Greenland, Grenada, Guam, Guernsey, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Howland Island, Iceland, Isle of Man, Jamaica, Jan Mayen, Japan, Jarvis Island, Jersey, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Kiribati, Madagascar, Maldives, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Mayotte, Federated States of Micronesia, Midway Islands, Montserrat, Nauru, Navassa Island, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Norfolk Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Palmyra Atoll, Paracel Islands, Philippines, Pitcairn Islands, Puerto Rico, Saint Barthelemy, Saint Helena, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Singapore, Sint Maarten, Solomon Islands, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Spratly Islands, Sri Lanka, Svalbard, Taiwan, Tokelau, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Virgin Islands, Wake Island, Wallis and Futuna", "display": "356,000 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "a compilation of terrain extremes can be found in the World elevation entry; the world's ocean floors also display wide variation, as explained in the bathymetry and major ocean currents entries under each of the five ocean entries ( Arctic , Atlantic , Indian , Pacific , and Southern ) | top ten world caves: compiled from Geography - note(s) under country entries | largest cave: Son Doong in Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park, Vietnam, is the world's largest cave (greatest cross sectional area) and is the largest known cave passage by volume; it currently measures a total of 38.5 million cu m (about 1.35 billion cu ft); it connects to Thung cave, but not yet officially -- when recognized, it will add an additional 1.6 million cu m in volume | largest ice cave: the Eisriesenwelt (Ice Giants World) inside the Hochkogel mountain near Werfen, Austria, is the world's largest and longest ice cave system at 42 km (26 mi) | longest cave: Mammoth Cave in west-central Kentucky is the world's longest known cave system with more than 650 km (405 mi) of surveyed passageways | longest salt cave: the Malham Cave in Mount Sodom in Israel is the world's longest salt cave at 10 km (6 mi); its survey is not complete, so its recorded length will eventually increase | longest underwater cave: the Sac Actun cave system in Mexico is the longest underwater cave in the world at 348 km (216 mi), and the second-longest cave worldwide | longest lava tube cave: Kazumura Cave on the island of Hawaii is the world's longest and deepest lava tube cave; it has been surveyed at 66 km (41 mi) long and 1,102 m (3,614 ft) deep | deepest cave: Veryovkina Cave in the country of Georgia is the world's deepest cave at 2,212 m (7,257 ft) | deepest underwater cave: the Hranice Abyss in Czechia is the world's deepest surveyed underwater cave at 404 m (1,325 ft); its survey is not complete, and it could be 800-1,200 m deep | largest cave chamber: the Miao Room in the Gebihe cave system in China's Ziyun Getu He Chuandong National Park has about 10.78 million cu m (380.7 million cu ft) of volume | largest bat cave: Bracken Cave outside San Antonio, Texas, is the world's largest bat cave; an estimated 20 million Mexican free-tailed bats roost in the cave from March to October, making it the world's largest known concentration of mammals | bonus \"cave\" - the world's largest sinkhole: the Xiaoxhai Tiankeng sinkhole in Chongqing Municipality, China is 660 m deep, with a volume of 130 million cu m", "display": "a compilation of terrain extremes can be found in the World elevation entry; the world's ocean floors also display wide variation, as explained in the bathymetry and major ocean c…", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "a wide equatorial band of hot and humid tropical climates is bordered north and south by subtropical temperate zones that separate two large areas of cold and dry polar climates | ten driest places on Earth (average annual precipitation): McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica 0 mm (0 in) | Arica, Chile 0.76 mm (0.03 in) | Al Kufrah, Libya 0.86 mm (0.03 in) | Aswan, Egypt 0.86 mm (0.03 in) | Luxor, Egypt 0.86 mm (0.03 in) | Ica, Peru 2.29 mm (0.09 in) | Wadi Halfa, Sudan 2.45 mm (0.1 in) | Iquique, Chile 5.08 mm (0.2 in) | Pelican Point, Namibia 8.13 mm (0.32 in) | El Arab (Aoulef), Algeria 12.19 mm (0.48 in) | ten wettest places on Earth (average annual precipitation): Mawsynram, India 11,871 mm (467.4 in) | Cherrapunji, India 11,777 mm (463.7 in) | Tutunendo, Colombia 11,770 mm (463.4 in) | Cropp River, New Zealand 11,516 mm (453.4 in) | San Antonia de Ureca, Equatorial Guinea 10,450 mm (411.4 in) | Debundsha, Cameroon 10,299 mm (405.5 in) | Big Bog, US (Hawaii) 10,272 mm (404.4 in) | Mt Waialeale, US (Hawaii) 9,763 mm (384.4 in) | Kukui, US (Hawaii) 9,293 mm (365.9 in) | Emeishan, China 8,169 mm (321.6 in) | ten coldest places on Earth (lowest average monthly temperature): Verkhoyansk, Russia (Siberia) -47°C (-53°F) January | Oymyakon, Russia (Siberia) -46°C (-52°F) January | Eureka, Canada -38.4°C (-37.1°F) February | Isachsen, Canada -36°C (-32.8°F) February | Alert, Canada -34°C (-28°F) February | Kap Morris Jesup, Greenland -34°C (-29°F) March | Cornwallis Island, Canada -33.5°C (-28.3°F) February | Cambridge Bay, Canada -33.5°C (28.3°F) February | Ilirnej, Russia -33°C (-28°F) January | Resolute, Canada -33°C (-27.4°F) February | ten hottest places on Earth (highest average monthly temperature): Death Valley, US (California) 39°C (101°F) July | Iranshahr, Iran 38.3°C (100.9°F) June | Ouallene, Algeria 38°C (100.4°F) July | Kuwait City, Kuwait 37.7°C (100°F) July | Medina, Saudi Arabia 36°C (97°F) July | Buckeye, US (Arizona) 34°C (93°F) July | Jazan, Saudi Arabia 33°C (91°F) June | Al Kufrah, Libya 31°C (87°F) July | Alice Springs, Australia 29°C (84°F) January | Tamanrasset, Algeria 29°C (84°F) June", "display": "a wide equatorial band of hot and humid tropical climates is bordered north and south by subtropical temperate zones that separate two large areas of cold and dry polar climates", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Mount Everest 8,849 m | lowest point: Denman Glacier (Antarctica) more than -3,500 m (in the oceanic realm, Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench is the lowest point, lying -10,924 m below the surface of the Pacific Ocean) | mean elevation: 840 m | top ten highest mountains (measured from sea level): Mount Everest (China-Nepal) 8,849 m; K2 (China-Pakistan) 8,611 m; Kanchenjunga (India-Nepal) 8,586 m; Lhotse (China-Nepal) 8,516 m; Makalu (China-Nepal) 8,485 m; Cho Oyu (China-Nepal) 8,188 m; Dhaulagiri (Nepal) 8,167 m; Manaslu (Nepal) 8,156 m; Nanga Parbat (Pakistan) 8,125 m; Annapurna (Nepal) 8,091 m; | note: Mauna Kea (United States) is the world's tallest mountain as measured from base to summit; the peak lies on the island of Hawaii, but its base begins more than 70 km offshore and at a depth of about 6,000 m; total height estimates range from 9,966 m to 10,203 m | top ten highest island peaks: Puncak Jaya (New Guinea) 4,884 m (Indonesia)*; Mauna Kea (Hawaii) 4,207 m (United States); Gunung Kinabalu (Borneo) 4,095 m (Malaysia)*; Yu Shan (Taiwan) 3,952 (Taiwan)*; Mount Kerinci (Sumatra) 3,805 m (Indonesia); Mount Erebus (Ross Island) 3,794 (Antarctica); Mount Fuji (Honshu) 3,776 m (Japan)*; Mount Rinjani (Lombok) 3,726 m (Indonesia); Aoraki-Mount Cook (South Island) 3,724 m (New Zealand)*; Pico de Teide (Tenerife) 3,718 m (Spain)* | * indicates the highest peak for that Factbook entry | highest point on each continent: Asia - Mount Everest (China-Nepal) 8,849 m; South America - Cerro Aconcagua (Argentina) 6,960 m; North America - Mount McKinley (United States) 6,190 m; Africa - Kilimanjaro (Tanzania) 5,895 m; Europe - El'brus (Russia) 5,633 m; Antarctica - Vinson Massif 4,897 m; Australia - Mount Kosciuszko 2,229 m | highest capital on each continent: South America - La Paz (Bolivia) 3,640 m; Africa - Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) 2,355 m; Asia - Thimphu (Bhutan) 2,334 m; North America - Mexico City (Mexico) 2,240 m; Europe - Andorra la Vella (Andorra) 1,023 m; Australia - Canberra (Australia) 605 m | lowest point on each continent: Antarctica - Denman Glacier more than -3,500 m; Asia - Dead Sea (Israel-Jordan) -431 m; Africa - Lac Assal (Djibouti) -155 m; South America - Laguna del Carbon (Argentina) -105 m; North America - Death Valley (United States) -86 m; Europe - Caspian Sea (Azerbaijan-Kazakhstan-Russia) -28 m; Australia - Lake Eyre -15 | lowest capital on each continent: Asia - Baku (Azerbaijan) -28 m; Europe - Amsterdam (Netherlands) -2 m; Africa - Banjul (Gambia); Bissau (Guinea-Bissau), Conakry (Guinea), Djibouti (Djibouti), Libreville (Gabon), Male (Maldives), Monrovia (Liberia), Tunis (Tunisia), Victoria (Seychelles) 0 m; North America - Basseterre (Saint Kitts and Nevis), Kingstown (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines), Panama City (Panama), Port of Spain (Trinidad and Tobago), Roseau (Dominica), Saint John's (Antigua and Barbuda), Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic) 0 m; South America - Georgetown (Guyana) 0 m; Australia - Canberra (Australia) 605 m", "display": "highest point: Mount Everest 8,849 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "large areas of the world are subject to severe weather and natural disasters (cyclones, earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, etc.) | volcanism: this is a driver and consequence of plate tectonics, the physical process reshaping the Earth's lithosphere; the world is home to more than 1,500 potentially active volcanoes, with over 500 of these erupting in recorded history; an estimated 500 million people live near volcanoes; associated dangers include lava flows, mud flows, pyroclastic flows, ash clouds, ash fall, ballistic projectiles, gas emissions, landslides, earthquakes, and tsunamis; in the 1990s, the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior created a list of 16 \"Decade Volcanoes\" with great potential for destruction: Avachinsky-Koryaksky (Russia), Colima (Mexico), Etna (Italy), Galeras (Colombia), Mauna Loa (US), Merapi (Indonesia), Nyiragongo (Democratic Republic of the Congo), Rainier (US), Sakurajima (Japan), Santa Maria (Guatemala), Santorini (Greece), Taal (Philippines), Teide (Spain), Ulawun (Papua New Guinea), Unzen (Japan), Vesuvius (Italy) | volcano statistics: | countries with the most volcanoes: (Holocene Epoch, the past 12,000 years*): United States (162), Japan (122), Indonesia (120), Russia (117), Chile (91); | *roughly 1,350 volcanoes have erupted over this time period; about 40-50 eruptions are ongoing at any one time; the frequency of volcanoes has not increased | longest erupting volcano: Santa Maria volcano in Guatemala has been constantly erupting since 22 June 1922; the Yasur volcano on Tanna Island in Vanuatu has been in constant activity since Captain Cook observed it in 1774, but it is not cited due to lack of a clear start date; tephra stratigraphy and radiocarbon dating show that the Yasur activity may have begun ca. A.D. 1270 | highest volcano (above sea level): Nevado Ojos del Salado (6,893 m; 22,615 ft) on the Chile-Argentina border is the world's highest volcano above sea level and the highest peak in Chile | highest volcano (from base): Mauna Kea (US) is the world's tallest mountain, measured from base to summit; the peak lies on the island of Hawaii, but its base begins more than 70 km (43 mi) offshore and at a depth of about 6,000 m; total height estimates range from 9,966 m to 10,203 m | earthquakes: the vast majority of earthquakes occur in three large zones; the Circum-Pacific Belt (known as the Ring of Fire) borders the Pacific and is the largest zone of volcanic and seismic activity, with about 90% of earthquakes (81% of the largest) and about 75% of active volcanoes; the belt extends northward from Chile along the South American coast, then through Central America, Mexico, the western US, southern Alaska, and the Aleutian Islands, to Japan, the Philippines, Papua New Guinea, the southwestern Pacific, and New Zealand; the Alpide Belt extends from Java to Sumatra, northward along the mountains of Burma, eastward through the Himalayas and the Mediterranean, and into the Atlantic Ocean, accounting for about 17% of the largest earthquakes; the third belt follows the long Mid-Atlantic Ridge", "display": "large areas of the world are subject to severe weather and natural disasters (cyclones, earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, etc.)", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1922 }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "six of the world's seven continents are widely and permanently inhabited; Asia is the most populous continent, with about 60% of the world's population (China and India together account for over 35%); Africa comes in second with over 15%, Europe has about 10%, North America 8%, South America almost 6%, and Oceania less than 1%; the harsh conditions on Antarctica prevent any permanent habitation", "display": "six of the world's seven continents are widely and permanently inhabited; Asia is the most populous continent, with about 60% of the world's population (China and India together a…", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 8,057,236,243 (2024 est.) | male: 4,046,854,454 | female: 4,010,381,789", "display": "total: 8,057,236,243 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 8057236243.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.03% (2021 est.) | note: this rate results in about 154 net additions to the worldwide population every minute or 2.6 people every second", "display": "1.03% (2021 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0103, "estimate_year": 2021 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 57.5% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 1.73% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 57.5% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "most-spoken language: English 18.8%, Mandarin Chinese 13.8%, Hindi 7.5%, Spanish 6.9%, French 3.4%, Arabic 3.4%, Bengali 3.4%, Russian 3.2%, Portuguese 3.2%, Urdu 2.9% (2022 est.) | most-spoken first language: Mandarin Chinese 12.3%, Spanish 6%, English 5.1%, Arabic 5.1%, Hindi 3.5%, Bengali 3.3%, Portuguese 3%, Russian 2.1%, Japanese 1.7%, Punjabi, Western 1.3%, Javanese 1.1% (2018 est.) | note 1: the six UN languages -- Arabic, Chinese (Mandarin), English, French, Russian, and Spanish (Castilian) -- are the mother tongue or second language of about 49.6% of the world's population (2022), and are the official languages in more than half the states in the world; some 400 languages have more than a million first-language speakers (2018) | note 2: all told, there are estimated to be 7,168 living languages spoken in the world (2023); approximately 80% of these languages are spoken by fewer than 100,000 people; about 150 languages are spoken by fewer than 10 people; communities that are isolated in mountainous regions often develop multiple languages -- Papua New Guinea, for example, boasts about 840 separate languages (2018) | note 3: approximately 2,300 languages are spoken in Asia; 2,140, in Africa; 1,310 in the Pacific; 1,060 in the Americas; and 290 in Europe (2020)", "display": "most-spoken language: English 18.8%, Mandarin Chinese 13.8%, Hindi 7.5%, Spanish 6.9%, French 3.4%, Arabic 3.4%, Bengali 3.4%, Russian 3.2%, Portuguese 3.2%, Urdu 2.9% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Christian 31.1%, Muslim 24.9%, Hindu 15.2%, Buddhist 6.6%, folk religions 5.6%, Jewish <1%, other <1%, unaffiliated 15.6% (2020 est.)", "display": "Christian 31.1%, Muslim 24.9%, Hindu 15.2%, Buddhist 6.6%, folk religions 5.6%, Jewish <1%, other <1%, unaffiliated 15.6% (2020 est.)", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 70.5 years (2020) | male: 68.4 years | female: 72.6 years", "display": "total population: 70.5 years (2020)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 70.5, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 31 years (2020 est.) | male: 30.3 years | female: 31.8 years", "display": "total: 31 years (2020 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "ten largest urban agglomerations: Tokyo (Japan) - 37,393,000; New Delhi (India) - 30,291,000; Shanghai (China) - 27,058,000; Sao Paulo (Brazil) - 22,043,000; Mexico City (Mexico) - 21,782,000; Dhaka (Bangladesh) - 21,006,000; Cairo (Egypt) - 20,901,000; Beijing (China) - 20,463,000; Mumbai (India) - 20,411,000; Osaka (Japan) - 19,165,000 (2020) | ten largest urban agglomerations, by continent: | Africa - Cairo (Egypt) - 20,901,000; Lagos (Nigeria) - 134,368,000; Kinshasha (DRC) - 14,342,000; Luanda (Angola) - 8,330,000; Dar Es Salaam (Tanzania) - 6,702,000; Khartoum (Sudan) - 5,829,000; Johannesburg (South Africa) - 5,783,000; Alexandria (Egypt) - 5,281,000; Abidjan (Cote d'Ivoire) - 5,203,000; Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) - 4,794,000 | Asia - Tokyo (Japan) - 37,393,000; New Delhi (India) - 30,291,000; Shanghai (China) - 27,058,000; Dhaka (Bangladesh) - 21,006,000; Beijing (China) - 20,463,000; Mumbai (India) - 20,411,000; Osaka (Japan) - 19,165,000; Karachi (Pakistan) - 16,094,000; Chongqing (China) - 15,872,000; Istanbul (Turkey) - 15,190,000 | Europe - Moscow (Russia) - 12,538,000; Paris (France) - 11,017,000; London (United Kingdom) - 9,304,000; Madrid (Spain) - 6,618,000; Barcelona (Spain) - 5,586,000, Saint Petersburg (Russia) - 5,468,000; Rome (Italy) - 4,257,000; Berlin (Germany) - 3,562,000; Athens (Greece) - 3,153,000; Milan (Italy) - 3,140,000 | North America - Mexico City (Mexico) - 21,782,000; New York-Newark (United States) - 18,804,000; Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana (United States) - 12,447,000; Chicago (United States) - 8,865,000; Houston (United States) - 6,371,000; Dallas-Fort Worth (United States) - 6,301,000; Toronto (Canada) - 6,197,000; Miami (United States) - 6,122,000; Atlanta (United States) - 5,803,000; Philadelphia (United States) - 5,717,000 | Oceania - Melbourne (Australia) - 4,968,000, Sydney (Australia) - 4,926,000; Brisbane (Australia) - 2,406,000; Perth (Australia) - 2,042,000; Auckland (New Zealand) - 1,607,000; Adelaide (Australia) - 1,336,000; Gold Coast-Tweed Head (Australia) - 699,000; Canberra (Australia) - 457,000; Newcastle-Maitland (Australia) - 450,000; Wellington (New Zealand) - 415,000 | South America - Sao Paulo (Brazil) - 22,043,000; Buenos Aires (Argentina) - 15,154,000; Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) - 13,458,000; Bogota (Colombia) - 10,978,000; Lima (Peru) - 10,719,000; Santiago (Chile) - 6,767,000; Belo Horizonte (Brazil) - 6,084,000; Brasilia (Brazil) - 4,646,000; Porto Alegre (Brazil) - 4,137,000; Recife (Brazil) - 4,127,000 (2020)", "display": "ten largest urban agglomerations: Tokyo (Japan) - 37,393,000; New Delhi (India) - 30,291,000; Shanghai (China) - 27,058,000; Sao Paulo (Brazil) - 22,043,000; Mexico City (Mexico)…", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "time difference: there are 21 world entities (20 countries and 1 dependency) with multiple time zones: Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ecuador, France, Greenland (part of the Danish Kingdom), Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Kiribati, Mexico, Micronesia, Mongolia, Netherlands, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Portugal, Russia, Spain, United States | note 1: in some instances, the time zones pertain to portions of a country that lie overseas | note 2: in 1851, the British set their prime meridian (0° longitude) through the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, England; this meridian became the international standard in 1884 and thus the basis for the standard time zones of the world; today, GMT is officially known as Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and is also referred to as \"Zulu time\"; UTC is the basis for all civil time, with the world divided into time zones expressed as positive or negative differences from UTC | note 3: each time zone is based on 15° starting from the prime meridian; in theory, there are 24 time zones based on the solar day, but there are now upward of 40 because of fractional hour offsets that adjust for various political and physical geographic realities; see the Standard Time Zones of the World map included with the World and Regional Maps | daylight saving time: some 67 countries -- including most of the world's leading industrialized nations -- use daylight savings time (DST) in at least a portion of the country; China, Japan, India, and Russia are major industrialized countries that do not use DST; Asia and Africa generally do not observe DST, and it is generally not observed near the equator, where sunrise and sunset times do not vary enough to justify it; some countries observe DST only in certain regions; only a minority of the world's population -- about 20% -- uses DST", "display": "time difference: there are 21 world entities (20 countries and 1 dependency) with multiple time zones: Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ecuador, Fra…", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "the legal systems of nearly all countries are modeled on elements of five main types: civil law (including French law, the Napoleonic Code, Roman law, Roman-Dutch law, and Spanish law), common law (including English and US law), customary law, mixed or pluralistic law, and religious law (including Islamic sharia law); an additional type of legal system -- international law -- governs the conduct of independent nations in their relationships with one another", "display": "the legal systems of nearly all countries are modeled on elements of five main types: civil law (including French law, the Napoleonic Code, Roman law, Roman-Dutch law, and Spanish…", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "197 countries, 69 dependent areas and other entities", "display": "197 countries, 69 dependent areas and other entities", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$173.163 trillion (2024 est.) | $167.633 trillion (2023 est.) | $162.058 trillion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$173.163 trillion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 173163.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$21,300 (2024 est.) | $20,800 (2023 est.) | $20,300 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$21,300 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 21300.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2.9% (2024 est.) | 2.9% (2023 est.) | 3.4% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "2.9% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "3% (2024 est.) | 5.9% (2023 est.) | 7.9% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "3% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.03, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "4.9% (2024 est.) | 5% (2023 est.) | 5.3% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "4.9% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.049, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "dominated by the onrush of technology, especially in computers, robotics, telecommunications, and medicines and medical equipment; most of these advances take place in OECD nations; only a small portion of non-OECD countries have succeeded in rapidly adjusting to these technological forces; the accelerated development of new technologies is complicating already grim environmental problems", "display": "dominated by the onrush of technology, especially in computers, robotics, telecommunications, and medicines and medical equipment; most of these advances take place in OECD nation…", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "the whole range of agricultural products | top ten agricultural products by global production tonnage: sugarcane, maize, rice, wheat, milk, oil palm fruit, potatoes, soybeans, cassava, vegetables (2023)", "display": "the whole range of agricultural products", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "the whole range of industrial and agricultural goods and services | top ten commodities by share of world trade: crude petroleum, cars, refined petroleum, integrated circuits, broadcasting equipment, gold, natural gas, garments, vehicle parts/accessories, packaged medicine (2022)", "display": "the whole range of industrial and agricultural goods and services", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "the whole range of industrial and agricultural goods and services | top ten - share of world trade: see listing for exports", "display": "the whole range of industrial and agricultural goods and services", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 74% (2025 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 74% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.74, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 1,495,600,000 (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 18 (2022 est.) | note: the worldwide total of fixed broadband subscriptions has been higher than fixed telephony subscriptions since 2017", "display": "total: 1,495,600,000 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 1495600000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 91.4% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 97.7% | electrification - rural areas: 84%", "display": "electrification - total population: 91.4% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 60.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | nuclear: 9.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 5.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | wind: 8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 14.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | geothermal: 0.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 2.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 60.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "73.108 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "73.108 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "47,242 (2025)", "display": "47,242 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 1,148,186 km (2013)", "display": "total: 1,148,186 km (2013)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2013 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 103,577 (2023) | by type: bulk carrier 13,141, container ship 5,815, general cargo 19,918, oil tanker 11,604, other 53,099", "display": "total: 103,577 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "large areas of the world are subject to overpopulation, industrial disasters, pollution (air, water, acid rain, toxic substances), loss of vegetation (overgrazing, deforestation, desertification), loss of biodiversity; soil degradation, soil depletion, erosion; ozone layer depletion; waste disposal; temperature change", "display": "large areas of the world are subject to overpopulation, industrial disasters, pollution (air, water, acid rain, toxic substances), loss of vegetation (overgrazing, deforestation,…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "37.079 billion metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 16.652 billion metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 12.463 billion metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 7.964 billion metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "37.079 billion metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "54 trillion cubic meters (2011 est.)", "display": "54 trillion cubic meters (2011 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2011 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/world.json" }, { "entity_id": "yemen", "name": "Yemen", "source_code": "YE", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Middle East", "roadmap_country": "Yemen", "coverage_region": "Asia", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 139, "published_fact_count": 50, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 34505496.0, "area_sq_km": 527968.0, "capital": "Sanaa", "government_type": "in transition", "life_expectancy_years": 68.2, "urban_population_percent": 39.8, "internet_users_percent": 14.000000000000002, "electricity_access_percent": 76.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 200.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "The Kingdom of Yemen (colloquially known as North Yemen) became independent from the Ottoman Empire in 1918 and in 1962 became the Yemen Arab Republic. The British, who had set up a protectorate area around the southern port of Aden in the 19th century, withdrew in 1967 from what became the People's Republic of Southern Yemen (colloquially known as South Yemen). Three years later, the southern government adopted a Marxist orientation and changed the country's name to the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen. The exodus of hundreds of thousands of Yemenis from the south to the north contributed to two decades of hostility between the states, which were formally unified as the Republic of Yemen in 1990. A southern secessionist movement and brief civil war in 1994 was quickly subdued. In 2000, Saudi Arabia and Yemen agreed to delineate their border. Fighting in the northwest between the government and the Houthis, a Zaydi Shia Muslim minority, continued intermittently from 2004 to 2010, and then again from 2014 to the present. The southern secessionist movement was revitalized in 2007. | Public rallies in Sana'a against then President Ali Abdallah SALIH -- inspired by similar Arab Spring demonstrations in Tunisia and Egypt -- slowly gained momentum in 2011, fueled by complaints over high unemployment, poor economic conditions, and corruption. Some protests resulted in violence, and the demonstrations spread to other major cities. The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) mediated the crisis with the GCC Initiative, an agreement in which the president would step down in exchange for immunity from prosecution. SALIH eventually agreed to step down and transfer some powers to Vice President Abd Rabuh Mansur HADI. After HADI's uncontested election victory in 2012, SALIH formally transferred all presidential powers. In accordance with the GCC Initiative, Yemen launched a National Dialogue Conference (NDC) in 2013 to discuss key constitutional, political, and social issues. HADI concluded the NDC in 2014 and planned to proceed with constitutional drafting, a constitutional referendum, and national elections. | The Houthis, perceiving their grievances were not addressed in the NDC, joined forces with SALIH and expanded their influence in northwestern Yemen, which culminated in a major offensive against military units and rival tribes and enabled their forces to overrun the capital, Sana'a, in 2014. In 2015, the Houthis surrounded key government facilities, prompting HADI and the cabinet to resign. HADI fled first to Aden -- where he rescinded his resignation -- and then to Oman before moving to Saudi Arabia and asking the GCC to intervene militarily in Yemen. Saudi Arabia assembled a coalition of Arab militaries and began airstrikes, and ground fighting continued through 2016. In 2016, the UN initiated peace talks that ended without agreement. Rising tensions between the Houthis and SALIH culminated in Houthi forces killing SALIH. In 2018, the Houthis and the Yemeni Government participated in UN-brokered peace talks, agreeing to a limited cease-fire and the establishment of a UN mission. | In 2019, Yemen’s parliament convened for the first time since the conflict broke out in 2014. Violence then erupted between HADI's government and the pro-secessionist Southern Transitional Council (STC) in southern Yemen. HADI's government and the STC signed a power-sharing agreement to end the fighting, and in 2020, the signatories formed a new cabinet. In 2020 and 2021, fighting continued as the Houthis gained territory and also conducted regular UAV and missile attacks against targets in Saudi Arabia. In 2022, the UN brokered a temporary truce between the Houthis and the Saudi-led coalition. HADI and his vice-president resigned and were replaced by an eight-person Presidential Leadership Council. Although the truce formally expired in 2022, the parties nonetheless refrained from large-scale conflict through the end of 2023. Saudi Arabia, after the truce expired, continued to negotiate with the Yemeni Government and Houthis on a roadmap agreement that would include a permanent ceasefire and a peace process under UN auspices.", "display": "The Kingdom of Yemen (colloquially known as North Yemen) became independent from the Ottoman Empire in 1918 and in 1962 became the Yemen Arab Republic. The British, who had set up…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1918 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Middle East, bordering the Arabian Sea, Gulf of Aden, and Red Sea, between Oman and Saudi Arabia", "display": "Middle East, bordering the Arabian Sea, Gulf of Aden, and Red Sea, between Oman and Saudi Arabia", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Middle East", "display": "Middle East", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 527,968 sq km | land: 527,968 sq km | water: 0 sq km | note: includes Perim, Socotra, the former Yemen Arab Republic (YAR or North Yemen), and the former People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (PDRY or South Yemen)", "display": "total : 527,968 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 527968.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "1,906 km", "display": "1,906 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "narrow coastal plain backed by flat-topped hills and rugged mountains; dissected upland desert plains in center slope into the desert interior of the Arabian Peninsula", "display": "narrow coastal plain backed by flat-topped hills and rugged mountains; dissected upland desert plains in center slope into the desert interior of the Arabian Peninsula", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly desert; hot and humid along west coast; temperate in western mountains affected by seasonal monsoon; extraordinarily hot, dry, harsh desert in east", "display": "mostly desert; hot and humid along west coast; temperate in western mountains affected by seasonal monsoon; extraordinarily hot, dry, harsh desert in east", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: Jabal an Nabi Shu'ayb 3,666 m | lowest point: Arabian Sea 0 m | mean elevation: 999 m", "display": "highest point: Jabal an Nabi Shu'ayb 3,666 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "sandstorms and dust storms in summer | volcanism: limited volcanic activity; Jebel at Tair (Jabal al-Tair, Jebel Teir, Jabal al-Tayr, Jazirat at-Tair) (244 m), which forms an island in the Red Sea, became active in 2007; other historically active volcanoes include Harra of Arhab, Harras of Dhamar, Harra es-Sawad, and Jebel Zubair, although many of these have not erupted in over a century", "display": "sandstorms and dust storms in summer", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2007 }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "petroleum, fish, rock salt, marble; small deposits of coal, gold, lead, nickel, and copper; fertile soil in west", "display": "petroleum, fish, rock salt, marble; small deposits of coal, gold, lead, nickel, and copper; fertile soil in west", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "the vast majority of the population is found in the Asir Mountains (part of the larger Sarawat Mountain system), located in the far western region of the country", "display": "the vast majority of the population is found in the Asir Mountains (part of the larger Sarawat Mountain system), located in the far western region of the country", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 34,505,496 (2025 est.) | male: 17,275,539 | female: 17,229,957", "display": "total: 34,505,496 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 34505496.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "2.22% (2025 est.)", "display": "2.22% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0222, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 39.8% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 3.71% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)", "display": "urban population: 39.8% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Arabic (official) | major-language sample(s): | كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic) | The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. | note: a distinct Socotri language is widely used on Socotra Island and Archipelago; 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Abyan, 'Adan (Aden), Ad Dali', Al Bayda', Al Hudaydah, Al Jawf, Al Mahrah, Al Mahwit, Amanat al 'Asimah (Sanaa City), 'Amran, Arkhabil Suqutra (Socotra Archipelago), Dhamar, Hadramawt, Hajjah, Ibb, Lahij, Ma'rib, Raymah, Sa'dah, San'a' (Sanaa), Shabwah, Ta'izz", "display": "22 governorates ( muhafazat , singular - muhafazah ); Abyan, 'Adan (Aden), Ad Dali', Al Bayda', Al Hudaydah, Al Jawf, Al Mahrah, Al Mahwit, Amanat al 'Asimah (Sanaa City), 'Amran,…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "AFESD, AMF, CAEU, CD, EITI (temporarily suspended), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSMA, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMHA, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNOCI, UNVIM, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "AFESD, AMF, CAEU, CD, EITI (temporarily suspended), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, IT…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "low-income Middle Eastern economy; infrastructure, trade, and economic institutions devastated by civil war; oil/gas-dependent but decreasing reserves; massive poverty, food insecurity, and unemployment; high inflation", "display": "low-income Middle Eastern economy; infrastructure, trade, and economic institutions devastated by civil war; oil/gas-dependent but decreasing reserves; massive poverty, food insec…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$18.719 billion (2024 est.) | $18.908 billion (2023 est.) | $19.294 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2015 dollars", "display": "$18.719 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 18.719, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$200 (2024 est.) | $200 (2023 est.) | $300 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2015 dollars", "display": "$200 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 200.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "0.8% (2018 est.) | -5.1% (2017 est.) | -9.4% (2016 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "0.8% (2018 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2018 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "29.1% (2022 est.) | 26% (2021 est.) | 19.6% (2020 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "29.1% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.29100000000000004, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "17.1% (2024 est.) | 17.1% (2023 est.) | 17.4% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "17.1% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.171, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "crude oil production and petroleum refining; small-scale production of cotton textiles, leather goods; food processing; handicrafts; aluminum products; cement; commercial ship repair; natural gas production", "display": "crude oil production and petroleum refining; small-scale production of cotton textiles, leather goods; food processing; handicrafts; aluminum products; cement; commercial ship rep…", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "mangoes/guavas, potatoes, milk, onions, spices, chicken, sorghum, watermelons, tomatoes, grapes (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "mangoes/guavas, potatoes, milk, onions, spices, chicken, sorghum, watermelons, tomatoes, grapes (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "gold, fish, scrap iron, shellfish, industrial acids/oils/alcohols (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "gold, fish, scrap iron, shellfish, industrial acids/oils/alcohols (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "wheat, raw sugar, rice, iron bars, plastic products (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "wheat, raw sugar, rice, iron bars, plastic products (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 14% (2020 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 14% (2020 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.14, "estimate_year": 2020 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 486,000 (2022 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1 (2022 est.)", "display": "total: 486,000 (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 486000.0, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 76% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 96.1% | electrification - rural areas: 65%", "display": "electrification - total population: 76% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 83% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 17% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 83% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "2.987 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "2.987 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "37 (2025)", "display": "37 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 10 (2024) | large: 1 | medium: 2 | small: 2 | very small: 5 | ports with oil terminals: 6 | key ports: Aden, Al Ahmadi, Al Mukalla, Al Mukha, Ras Isa Marine Terminal", "display": "total ports: 10 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 30 (2023) | by type: general cargo 2, oil tanker 1, other 27", "display": "total: 30 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "limited natural freshwater resources; inadequate supplies of potable water; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification", "display": "limited natural freshwater resources; inadequate supplies of potable water; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "8.193 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 93,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 8.08 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 21,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "8.193 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "2.1 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "2.1 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 265 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 65 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 3.235 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 265 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Du…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/yemen.json" }, { "entity_id": "zambia", "name": "Zambia", "source_code": "ZM", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Africa", "roadmap_country": "Zambia", "coverage_region": "Africa", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 145, "published_fact_count": 50, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 22021971.0, "area_sq_km": 752618.0, "capital": "Lusaka", "government_type": "presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 66.9, "urban_population_percent": 46.3, "internet_users_percent": 33.0, "electricity_access_percent": 47.8, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 3700.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": true }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "Bantu-speaking groups mainly from the Luba and Lunda Kingdoms in the Congo River Basin and from the Great Lakes region in East Africa settled in what is now Zambia beginning around A.D. 300, displacing and mixing with previous population groups in the region. The Mutapa Empire developed after the fall of Great Zimbabwe to the south in the 14th century and ruled the region, including large parts of Zambia, from the 14th to 17th century. The empire collapsed as a result of the growing slave trade and Portuguese incursions in the 16th and 17th centuries. The region was further influenced by migrants from the Zulu Kingdom to the south and the Luba and Lunda Kingdoms to the north, after invading colonial and African powers displaced local residents into the area around the Zambezi River, in what is now Zambia. In the 1880s, British companies began securing mineral and other economic concessions from local leaders. The companies eventually claimed control of the region and incorporated it as the protectorate of Northern Rhodesia in 1911. The UK took over administrative control from the British South Africa Company in 1924. During the 1920s and 1930s, advances in mining spurred British economic ventures and colonial settlement. | Northern Rhodesia’s name was changed to Zambia upon independence from the UK in 1964, under independence leader and first President Kenneth KAUNDA. In the 1980s and 1990s, declining copper prices, economic mismanagement, and a prolonged drought hurt the economy. Elections in 1991 brought an end to one-party rule and propelled the Movement for Multiparty Democracy (MMD) into power. The subsequent vote in 1996, however, saw increasing harassment of opposition parties and abuse of state media and other resources. Administrative problems marked the election in 2001, with three parties filing a legal petition challenging the election of ruling party candidate Levy MWANAWASA. MWANAWASA was reelected in 2006 in an election that was deemed free and fair. Upon his death in 2008, he was succeeded by his vice president, Rupiah BANDA, who won a special presidential byelection later that year. BANDA and the MMD lost to Michael SATA and the Patriotic Front (PF) in the 2011 general elections. SATA, however, presided over a period of haphazard economic management and attempted to silence opposition to PF policies. SATA died in 2014 and was succeeded by his vice president, Guy SCOTT, who served as interim president until 2015, when Edgar LUNGU won the presidential byelection and completed SATA's term. LUNGU then won a full term in the 2016 presidential elections. Hakainde HICHILEMA was elected president in 2021.", "display": "Bantu-speaking groups mainly from the Luba and Lunda Kingdoms in the Congo River Basin and from the Great Lakes region in East Africa settled in what is now Zambia beginning aroun…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1911 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southern Africa, east of Angola, south of the Democratic Republic of the Congo", "display": "Southern Africa, east of Angola, south of the Democratic Republic of the Congo", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Africa", "display": "Africa", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 752,618 sq km | land: 743,398 sq km | water: 9,220 sq km", "display": "total : 752,618 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 752618.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "0 km (landlocked)", "display": "0 km (landlocked)", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly high plateau with some hills and mountains", "display": "mostly high plateau with some hills and mountains", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical; modified by altitude; rainy season (October to April)", "display": "tropical; modified by altitude; rainy season (October to April)", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, 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"value": 79.207, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$3,700 (2024 est.) | $3,700 (2023 est.) | $3,600 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$3,700 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 3700.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "4% (2024 est.) | 5.4% (2023 est.) | 5.2% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "4% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "15% (2024 est.) | 10.9% (2023 est.) | 11% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "15% (2024 est.)", 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"economy", "content": "sugarcane, cassava, maize, soybeans, milk, vegetables, wheat, groundnuts, sweet potatoes, beef (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "sugarcane, cassava, maize, soybeans, milk, vegetables, wheat, groundnuts, sweet potatoes, beef (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "raw copper, refined copper, gold, precious stones, electricity (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "raw copper, refined copper, gold, precious stones, electricity (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, fertilizers, 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"label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 47.8% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 87% | electrification - rural areas: 14.5%", "display": "electrification - total population: 47.8% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 11% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 0.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 87.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 0.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 11% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "8.265 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "8.265 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "120 (2025)", "display": "120 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 3,126 km (2014) | narrow gauge: 3,126 km (2014) 1.067-m gauge | note: includes 1,860 km of the Tanzania-Zambia Railway Authority (TAZARA)", "display": "total: 3,126 km (2014)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2014 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 2 (2023) | by type: general cargo 1, oil tanker 1", "display": "total: 2 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "air pollution and acid rain in the mineral extraction and refining region; chemical runoff into watersheds; loss of biodiversity; poaching; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; lack of adequate water treatment", "display": "air pollution and acid rain in the mineral extraction and refining region; chemical runoff into watersheds; loss of biodiversity; poaching; deforestation; soil erosion; desertific…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "9.877 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 4.835 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 5.042 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "9.877 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "104.8 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "104.8 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 290 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 130 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 1.152 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 290 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardo…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/zambia.json" }, { "entity_id": "zimbabwe", "name": "Zimbabwe", "source_code": "ZW", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Africa", "roadmap_country": "Zimbabwe", "coverage_region": "Africa", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 148, "published_fact_count": 49, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 17472752.0, "area_sq_km": 390757.0, "capital": "Harare", "government_type": "presidential republic", "life_expectancy_years": 67.2, "urban_population_percent": 32.5, "internet_users_percent": 38.0, "electricity_access_percent": 50.1, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 3500.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": true }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "The hunter-gatherer San people first inhabited the area that eventually became Zimbabwe. Farming communities migrated to the area around A.D. 500 during the Bantu expansion, and Shona-speaking societies began to develop in the Limpopo valley and Zimbabwean highlands around the 9th century. These societies traded with Arab merchants on the Indian Ocean coast and organized under the Kingdom of Mapungubwe in the 11th century. A series of powerful trade-oriented Shona states succeeded Mapungubwe, including the Kingdom of Zimbabwe (ca. 1220-1450), Kingdom of Mutapa (ca. 1450-1760), and the Rozwi Empire. The Rozwi Empire expelled Portuguese colonists from the Zimbabwean plateau, but the Ndebele clan of Zulu King MZILIKAZI eventually conquered the area in 1838 during the era of conflict and population displacement known as the Mfecane. | In the 1880s, colonists arrived with the British South Africa Company (BSAC) and obtained a written concession for mining rights from Ndebele King LOBENGULA. The king later disavowed the concession and accused the BSAC agents of deceit. The BSAC annexed Mashonaland and then conquered Matabeleland during the First Matabele War of 1893-1894, establishing company rule over the territory. In 1923, the UK annexed BSAC holdings south of the Zambezi River, which became the British colony of Southern Rhodesia. The 1930 Land Apportionment Act restricted Black land ownership and established rules that would favor the White minority for decades. A new constitution in 1961 further cemented White minority rule. | In 1965, the government under White Prime Minister Ian SMITH unilaterally declared its independence from the UK. London did not recognize Rhodesia’s independence and demanded more voting rights for the Black majority in the country. International diplomacy and an uprising by Black Zimbabweans led to biracial elections in 1979 and independence (as Zimbabwe) in 1980. Robert MUGABE, who led the uprising and became the nation's first prime minister, was the country's only ruler (as president since 1987) from independence until 2017. In the mid-1980s, the government tortured and killed thousands of civilians in a crackdown on dissent known as the Gukurahundi campaign. Economic mismanagement and chaotic implementation of land redistribution policies periodically crippled the economy. General elections in 2002, 2008, and 2013 were severely flawed and widely condemned but allowed MUGABE to remain president. In 2017, Vice President Emmerson MNANGAGWA became president after a military intervention that forced MUGABE to resign, and MNANGAGWA cemented power by sidelining rival Grace MUGABE (Robert MUGABE’s wife). In 2018, MNANGAGWA won the presidential election, and he has maintained the government's longstanding practice of violently disrupting protests and politicizing institutions. Economic conditions remain dire under MNANGAGWA.", "display": "The hunter-gatherer San people first inhabited the area that eventually became Zimbabwe. Farming communities migrated to the area around A.D. 500 during the Bantu expansion, and S…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1923 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Southern Africa, between South Africa and Zambia", "display": "Southern Africa, between South Africa and Zambia", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Africa", "display": "Africa", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 390,757 sq km | land: 386,847 sq km | water: 3,910 sq km", "display": "total : 390,757 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 390757.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": 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lowest point: junction of the Runde and Save Rivers 162 m | mean elevation: 961 m", "display": "highest point: Inyangani 2,592 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "recurring droughts; floods and severe storms are rare", "display": "recurring droughts; floods and severe storms are rare", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "coal, chromium ore, asbestos, gold, nickel, copper, iron ore, vanadium, lithium, tin, platinum group metals", "display": "coal, chromium ore, asbestos, gold, nickel, copper, iron ore, vanadium, lithium, tin, platinum group metals", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { 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rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "1.82% (2025 est.)", "display": "1.82% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0182, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 32.5% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 2.41% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 32.5% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Shona (official, most widely spoken) 80.9%, Ndebele (official, second most widely spoken) 11.5%, English (official, traditionally used for official business) 0.3%, 13 minority languages (official; includes Chewa, Chibarwe, Kalanga, Koisan, Nambya, Ndau, Shangani, sign language, Sotho, 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{ "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 93.2% (2019 est.) | male: 93.1% (2019 est.) | female: 93.4% (2019 est.)", "display": "total population: 93.2% (2019 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2019 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Zimbabwe | conventional short form: Zimbabwe | former: Southern Rhodesia, Rhodesia, Zimbabwe-Rhodesia | etymology: takes its name from the Kingdom of Zimbabwe (13th-15th century) and its capital of Great Zimbabwe, which was built of stone; the name Zimbabwe comes from the Bantu phrase zimba we bahwe , meaning \"houses of stones;\" the former name, Rhodesia, was derived from the name of British colonial administrator Cecil RHODES", "display": "conventional long form: Republic of Zimbabwe", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Harare | geographic coordinates: 17 49 S, 31 02 E | time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: named after a village of Harare at the site of the present capital; the village name derived from a Shona chieftain, NE-HARAWA, whose name meant \"he who does not sleep\"", "display": "name: Harare", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "presidential republic", "display": "presidential republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "mixed system of English 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"history: previous 1965 (at Rhodesian independence), 1979 (Lancaster House Agreement), 1980 (at Zimbabwean independence); latest final draft completed January 2013, approved by ref…", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1965 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "8 provinces and 2 cities* with provincial status; Bulawayo*, Harare*, Manicaland, Mashonaland Central, Mashonaland East, Mashonaland West, Masvingo, Matabeleland North, Matabeleland South, Midlands", "display": "8 provinces and 2 cities* with provincial status; Bulawayo*, Harare*, Manicaland, Mashonaland Central, Mashonaland East, Mashonaland West, Masvingo, Matabeleland North, Matabelela…", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACP, AfDB, ATMIS, AU, COMESA, FAO, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PCA, SADC, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNSOM, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ACP, AfDB, ATMIS, AU, COMESA, FAO, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OPCW,…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "low income Sub-Saharan economy; political instability and endemic corruption have prevented reforms and stalled debt restructuring; new Zimbabwe Gold (ZiG) currency latest effort to combat ongoing hyperinflation; reliant on natural resource extraction, agriculture and remittances", "display": "low income Sub-Saharan economy; political instability and endemic corruption have prevented reforms and stalled debt restructuring; new Zimbabwe Gold (ZiG) currency latest effort…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$57.391 billion (2024 est.) | $56.249 billion (2023 est.) | $53.399 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$57.391 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 57.391, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$3,500 (2024 est.) | $3,400 (2023 est.) | $3,300 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$3,500 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 3500.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "2% (2024 est.) | 5.3% (2023 est.) | 6.1% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "2% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "104.7% (2022 est.) | 98.5% (2021 est.) | 557.2% (2020 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "104.7% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 1.047, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "8.6% (2024 est.) | 8.8% (2023 est.) | 10.1% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "8.6% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.086, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "mining (coal, gold, platinum, copper, nickel, tin, diamonds, clay, numerous metallic and nonmetallic ores), steel, wood products, cement, chemicals, fertilizer, clothing and footwear, foodstuffs, beverages", "display": "mining (coal, gold, platinum, copper, nickel, tin, diamonds, clay, numerous metallic and nonmetallic ores), steel, wood products, cement, chemicals, fertilizer, clothing and footw…", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "sugarcane, beef, maize, cabbages, potatoes, tomatoes, milk, onions, bananas, wheat (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "sugarcane, beef, maize, cabbages, potatoes, tomatoes, milk, onions, bananas, wheat (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "gold, tobacco, nickel, minerals, diamonds (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "gold, tobacco, nickel, minerals, diamonds (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "refined petroleum, fertilizers, trucks, soybean oil, stone processing machines (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "refined petroleum, fertilizers, trucks, soybean oil, stone processing machines (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 38% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 38% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.38, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 269,000 (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 2 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 269,000 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 269000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 50.1% (2022 est.) | electrification - urban areas: 89% | electrification - rural areas: 33.7%", "display": "electrification - total population: 50.1% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 32.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 0.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | hydroelectricity: 65.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | biomass and waste: 1.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 32.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "energy_per_capita": { "id": "energy_per_capita", "label": "Energy consumption per capita", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "10.855 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "display": "10.855 million Btu/person (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Energy consumption per capita", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "144 (2025)", "display": "144 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "railways": { "id": "railways", "label": "Railways", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 3,427 km (2014) | narrow gauge: 3,427 km (2014) 1.067-m gauge (313 km electrified)", "display": "total: 3,427 km (2014)", "source_field": "Railways", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2014 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "deforestation; soil erosion; land degradation; air and water pollution; poaching; toxic waste and heavy metal pollution from mining", "display": "deforestation; soil erosion; land degradation; air and water pollution; poaching; toxic waste and heavy metal pollution from mining", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "12.578 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 7.629 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 4.949 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "12.578 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "20 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "20 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 547.078 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 81.352 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 4.281 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 547.078 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardo…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": null } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/zimbabwe.json" } ] }